英语专题复习 现在分词与过去分词的用法 ppt
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英语现在分词和过去分词的用法PPT课件
A. invited
B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
简析：该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语
从句 who were invited
5.Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa.
4. with + O + 分词作补语 分清主动和被动 with the radio turned on with the door___c_lo_s_e_d(close) with his eyes____s_h_u_t (shut) with the hands____ti_ed_(tie)
with the light burning with sweats __ru_n_n_i_n_g(burn)down her face
D. to be playing
简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰
The Olympic Games 的后置分词短语；再根据 The Olympic Games
对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此，
该题应选C。
3.What’s the language ____ in Germany?
The news was exciting. He appeared satisfied with my answer.
1.This news sounds ____.
A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage
简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作表语，因
非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词ppt课件
Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. We only sell used books. 我们只卖用过的书。 （2）后置定语 The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. 坐在John和Mary之间的那个年轻男人是校园新闻报的编辑。
If they had been given more
attention
10
Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.
Because he was so angry
11
They came into the classroom, singing and laughing.
And/When they were singing and laughing
12
To serve the people well, I study hard.
In order that I can serve the people
well
13
判断下列句子正误并改正：
1. To learn English well, a lot of practice must be done.
After he knew his team had won, he became happy at once .
19
Homework Go over the notes you just took.
20
21
If we were given more time, we could do it better. 8
If they had been given more
attention
10
Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.
Because he was so angry
11
They came into the classroom, singing and laughing.
And/When they were singing and laughing
12
To serve the people well, I study hard.
In order that I can serve the people
well
13
判断下列句子正误并改正：
1. To learn English well, a lot of practice must be done.
After he knew his team had won, he became happy at once .
19
Homework Go over the notes you just took.
20
21
If we were given more time, we could do it better. 8
现在分词与过去分词公开课PPT
3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去 分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用 作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动 意味。
shining brightly in the sky and ____ them
light.
A. Giving; given
B. Given; given
C. Giving; giving
D. Given; giving
10. Mrs. White showed her students some
A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring. C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired
2. Hearing the___ news, we all felt____ A. encouraging; encouraging B. encouraged; encouraged C. encouraged; encouraging D. encouraging; encouraged
The city surrounded by mountains is my hometown. = The city which is surrounded by mountains is my hometown.
Practice：仿写
The book which is written by
Han Han is popular with
old maps ______ from the library.
初中英语非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词PPT课件讲解(共52张)
Being a student, I must work hard.
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4). 现在分词作结果状语
Both his parents died in the War, leaving him alone in the world. The factory keeps releasing (释放) smoke, making the air dirty.
Walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine. = While I was walking in ….
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3).作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。 Inspired by her example, they worked even harder.
过去分词则表示主语所处的状态。
He came back, exhausted.
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2). 作时间状语，相当于when等引起的状语从句。
Seeing the big snake, the girl was almost frightened to death. = When she saw the big snake, the girl…
Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. 不要出太大声音，有个孩子在睡觉。
We only sell used books. 我们只卖用过的书。
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1.做定语 (2) 后置定语
The young man sitting next to John is my best friend. 坐在约翰旁边的那个年轻小伙子是我最好的朋友。
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4). 现在分词作结果状语
Both his parents died in the War, leaving him alone in the world. The factory keeps releasing (释放) smoke, making the air dirty.
Walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine. = While I was walking in ….
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3).作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。 Inspired by her example, they worked even harder.
过去分词则表示主语所处的状态。
He came back, exhausted.
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2). 作时间状语，相当于when等引起的状语从句。
Seeing the big snake, the girl was almost frightened to death. = When she saw the big snake, the girl…
Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. 不要出太大声音，有个孩子在睡觉。
We only sell used books. 我们只卖用过的书。
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1.做定语 (2) 后置定语
The young man sitting next to John is my best friend. 坐在约翰旁边的那个年轻小伙子是我最好的朋友。
现在分词与过去分词.ppt
3. 过去分词作后置修饰语与作前 置修饰语功能、含义不同。
All people involved were called to court. 牵连的
This is an involved problem. 复杂的The book given to him is an English novel. 送给的
The girl who is dancing with that guy =the girl dancing with that guy The sun that is setting/rising =the setting/rising sun The dog that is barking =the barking dog A child who is sleeping =a sleeping child
分词
性质：
分词相当于形容词、副词。 句子功能：作定语、表语、宾语补足语和
状语。 分词可分为现在分词、过去分词。
一般式 完成式 现在分词 doing having done 过去分词 done having been done
分词作定语
1. 现在分词的意义： 分词作定语相当于一个定语从句 1).主动的，一般的动作 Unidentified Flying Objects = Unidentified objects that fly Flying fish = Fishes that can fly A promising young man = A young man who promises well
Why use participle?
1. 他走下楼梯，对我笑了笑。 He came downstairs, smiling at me.
现在分词和过去分词PPT课件
现在分词
The Present Participle
.
现在分词的形式
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
Doing
Being done
完成式
ne
• 现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语 动词的动作同时发生。如：
She sat there reading a novel.
其中一位代表提出了一个令人难堪的问题。
.
现在分词短语做定语时通常后置， 相当于一个定语从句
• Most of the young teachers working in this university are
Ph.D..
在这所大学工作的大多数 年轻教师都是博士。
相当于定语从句：who work in this university
现在分词短语强调与谓语动词的动作发生的顺序时，前 面可带有when，while，after，before，since等从属连词。
.
现在分词（短语）作原因状语
• Having no place to go, the man wandered about in the
street.
由于没有要去的地方，那个男
.
现在分词（短语）作条件状语
• Working hard, you will succeed. 努力工作，你就会成功。
• Standing on the building, you can see the whole city. 站在那座楼上，你会看到整个城市。
.
现在分词（短语）作让步状语
• Such committees, being very balanced, almost never succeed in making unequivocal judgments. 这种委员会虽然代表性很均衡，但几乎从未做出 过十分明确的决定。
The Present Participle
.
现在分词的形式
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
Doing
Being done
完成式
ne
• 现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语 动词的动作同时发生。如：
She sat there reading a novel.
其中一位代表提出了一个令人难堪的问题。
.
现在分词短语做定语时通常后置， 相当于一个定语从句
• Most of the young teachers working in this university are
Ph.D..
在这所大学工作的大多数 年轻教师都是博士。
相当于定语从句：who work in this university
现在分词短语强调与谓语动词的动作发生的顺序时，前 面可带有when，while，after，before，since等从属连词。
.
现在分词（短语）作原因状语
• Having no place to go, the man wandered about in the
street.
由于没有要去的地方，那个男
.
现在分词（短语）作条件状语
• Working hard, you will succeed. 努力工作，你就会成功。
• Standing on the building, you can see the whole city. 站在那座楼上，你会看到整个城市。
.
现在分词（短语）作让步状语
• Such committees, being very balanced, almost never succeed in making unequivocal judgments. 这种委员会虽然代表性很均衡，但几乎从未做出 过十分明确的决定。
初中英语非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词非谓语动词语法讲解ppt 共52张
D. to practice to play
24
【考点精练3】
( ) 5.When you are tired，_______ in the countryside is a wonderful experience.
A. relaxing
B. relaxed
C. relax D. relaxes
D. walking;
21
【课中练习检测】
( D )1. I will try my best to stop my son from ________ the same mistake.
A. make
B. made
C. makes
D. Making
( D )2. Seeing their teacher ____ into the classroom，they stopped_____ at once.
B. to change; doing D. change; doing27【考点精练3】
( D )7. —I tried to make Alice ________ her mind but I found it difficult.
—Well，I saw you ________ that when I went past.
experience.
A. relaxing
B. relaxed
C. relax D. relaxes
D
( )6. We have worked so long.Shall we stop ________ a rest?
A. have
B. to having C. having D.to have
完成做某事 练习做某事 考虑做某事 禁不住做某事 忙于做某事 放弃做某事
现在分词与过去分词PPT课件
discouraging, encouraging, puzzling,
missing, confusing, charming…
THINK IT OVER
.
18
• 过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态； delighted, disappointed, drunk, amused, astonished, interested, surprised, worried, tired, pleased,…
THINK IT OVER
.
17
2.作表语
Your journey in Kenya is really
exciting.
分词作什么成分？
The nightmare (噩梦) I had last night was very frightening.
现在分词作表语通常表示主语的属性和特
征.Exciting, interesting, disappointing,
• My grandfather was delighted to hear that I passed my exams.
• The door remained locked.
.
THINK IT OVER
19
3.作宾语补足语
We find the journey to Africa exciting.
.
2
films
• Crouching tigers hidden dragon • You coming from the star • Gone with the wind
.
3
films
• Crouching tigers hidden dragon • You coming from the star • Gone with the wind
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3. He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself
______. A. understand B.understanding C.understood D.understands 简析: 该题应选C。himself是make的宾语，待选部分的逻辑主语。 由于英语表达能力差，说出的英语别人难于听懂，也就不易被人理 解。因此，这里用过去分词来表达这一被动含义。 4.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ____ against your face.
分词用途一览表
谓语 时态形式 意义 进行 现在分词 进行时态 主动 完成时态 完成 定语、宾补、表语 状语 形容词 副词 非谓语 句ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้成分 状语 相当于 副词
过去分词 被动语态 被动 定语、宾补、表语 形容词
现在分词与过去分词的两大差别
1、现在分词与过去分词的最大差别在于语态上： 现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。
1 作状语时 Seeing the teacher come in, all the students stood up. the students是seeing的逻辑主语 Heated, the metal expands. the metal是 heated的逻辑主语 结论：分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。 2 作宾补时 I saw him reading last night. him 是reading的逻辑主语 His wife found his hair dyed black. hair是 dyed的逻辑主语 结论：分词作宾补，其逻辑主语是句子宾语。 3 作表语时 The film is moving. the film是 moving的逻辑主语 The visitors looked surprised. the visitors是surprised的逻辑主语 结论：分词作表语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。
2、现在分词与过去分词的第二大差别在时态上： 现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。
何为主动关系、被动关系？
• • • • He hurt his leg badly. He与hurt之间是主动关系 leg与hurt之间是被动关系 主动关系：主语与谓语之间的词语搭配关系， 即主谓关系。 • 被动关系：宾语与谓语之间的词语搭配关系， 即动宾关系。
把握主、被动关系的两个前提
1、弄清动词的确切含义。不少主、被动关系判断错误 都是由于没弄清动词的确切含义造成的。 Wrong: Girls frighten snakes. Right: Girls fear snakes./ Snakes frighten girls. 牢记: tire, disappoint, satisfy, terrify, interest, frighten, worry, excite, surprise, please, seat, puzzle, ect. 只能作 及物动词，都有“使动”的特点，都含“使…”之义。 2、能熟练判断分词的逻辑主语。即明白与哪个词去判 断主、被动关系。
3.What’s the language ____ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 简析：该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于 定语从句 which is spoken 4.Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 简析：该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于 定语从句 who were invited 5.The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 简析：该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于 定语从句which were written
1.There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 简析：据语法分析可知，待选部分是修饰 noise 的定语短语； 据常识“雷声随闪电之后到来”，自然A noise follows the sudden burst of light , noise与follow是主动关系。因此，该题应 选B。 2.The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing 简析：根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games 的后置分词短语；The Olympic Games是动 词 play 的承受者，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此，该题选C。
二、分词作表语 共同点：分词作表语时，它起着 形容词的作用。
不同点：分词作表语时，句子的 主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在 分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是 主动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句 中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生； 而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动 作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发 生。
分词的逻辑主语
逻辑主语就是与分词具有主、被动关系的名 词或代词。它既可能是句子主语，又可能是句 中宾语，或者句中其它成分；它既可能是动作 行为的发出者，也有可能是动作行为的承受者。 那种认为逻辑主语就是动作行为的发出者的理 解是片面的。 分词的逻辑主语的位置不是固定不变的, 而 是“活”的-----随着分词所作语法成分的不同， 其逻辑主语位置也不同，所以确定逻辑主语前 首先要确定分词的语法成分。
With the task completed, we went out to take some fresh air. the task是 completed的逻辑主语 It being Sunday, they had no classes. it 是being的逻辑主语 结论：分词用于复合结构，逻辑主语是复合结构中的逻辑主语
分 词 的 逻 辑 主 语一览表
分词所作成分 分词的逻辑主语 主语
状语 表语
宾补 定语 复合结构 宾语 被修饰词
复合结构中的逻辑主语
确定分词的使用的具体步骤
1、根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分 2、找准逻辑主语 3、判断主、被动关系 4、选定现在或过去分词
一、分词作定语
共同点：分词作定语时，如果分词只是单个词， 那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前；如果 是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名 词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 不同点：分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名 词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主 语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓 语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表 示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前 或同时发生。
现在分词和过去分词 的用法
分词的作用
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 现在分词可用于： ①构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English. ②当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing. ③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air. I saw many birds flying along the river. The story is very moving. 过去分词可用于： ①构成完成时。 e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there. ②构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world. ③当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful. ④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 e.g. a boy named Tom I saw the girl killed with my own eyes. I'm interested in English.
4 作定语时
This is an interesting book. book是 interesting的逻辑主语 The moved children looked serious. children是 moved的逻辑主语 结论：分词作定语，其逻辑主语是被修饰词（即中心词）。
5 用于复合结构中时（即在独立主格中与with复合结构中）
系, 且lie 这个动作与谓语动词 found 同时进行。因此, 该题应选A。 2. -Good morning. Can I help you? -I’d like to have the package ____, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 简析: 首先, 根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说 明宾语 the package; 再根据 the package 对于动词 weigh 来说, 只能 是被动关系。因此，该题应选D。