2017年专升本英语试题

2017年军考大专生英语试题考试时长：120分钟；考试分数：100分一．快速阅读（共10分，每小题1分）Spiders can be distinguished from other Arachnids because the prosoma (combined head and thorax) is only separated from the opisthosoma (abdomen) by a narrow waist, in other Arachnids the whole body appears to be much more of a single unit. All spiders produce silk, but only some construct webs to catch their homes and to protect their eggs.All spiders possess poison glands but very few of them are dangerous to humans, of the 600 species in Britain only 12 (at least one of these is a recent human assisted colonist) are strong enough to pierce the human skin, and apart from allergies, none are more dangerous than a common wasp. Most spiders have 8 eyes (though some have 6, 4, 2 or 0), as well as 8 legs. (By the way if you count the claws as separate leg section (which you shouldn’t really) then their legs have 8 parts as well (coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia, tarsus, metatarsus, claws). There are more than 32,000 known species of spider in the world. No human being has ever been officially recorder as having died as the result of tarantulas’ bite.All spiders are carnivorous and feed only on liquids, i.e. their preys’natural juices and the breakdown products of external digestion (meaning they spit, exude or inject digestive juices onto/into their prey and suck up the resulting soup). So why not invite some to your next social do?What’s In a NameThe word Arachnida comes from the Greek word Arachne, who was the daughter of Idmon of Colophon in Lydia, a dyer by trade. Arachne herself was a weaver, the best in all the known world. However in a foolish moment she challenged Athene, the daughter of Zeus and goddess of, among other things, waving to a weaving competition. Arachne wove so perfect a cloth that she tore it to shreds. Arachne became depressed after this and in the end she hung herself. Athene stirred to remorse at the knowledge of what her anger had wrought turned the rope Arachne had used to hang herself into a web and Arachne herself into a spider so that the beauty of her spinning should not be lost to the world ever again.The Great Household Spider SafariThere are just over six hundred different sorts of spiders in the British Isles. But of these only a handful are commonly found in houses. At the front of the head are a pair of what appear to be small legs. These are called palps and are used to guide food to the spiders’ mouth. The front of the head also has a group of six or eight eyes. On the underside of the body at the rear, are four or six small conical bumps or cylinders. There are the spinnerets from which the spider produces the silk to make its webs.Telling male and female spiders apart is easily done by looking at their palps. Males have swollen ends to their palps which makes them look as if they are wearing boxing gloves, these are often strange shapes if looked at with a hand lens. Females have normal looking palps that are not swollen at the ends.The largest spider is the Goliath spider, the female of which grows to reach a leg span of ten inches. The largest spider in Britain is the Cardinal spider which is a close cousin of Tim Tegenaria. Females can achieve a leg span of four and a half inches. It is known as the Cardinal spider as it was common in Hampton Court when Cardinal Wolsey lived there. The sight of these long legged spiders wandering around the palace at night used to frighten him. So far 32，000 different kinds of spider have been discovered from all over the world. Britain has 630 different kinds of spider of which 250 are tiny Money spiders. The smallest of which has a body less than one millimeter long.问题1~7，填写Y（符合文章内容）；N（不符合文章内容）；NG（文章未提及）。

问题8~10，根据文章内容补充句子。

1. All the silk produced by spiders construct webs to catch their food.2. Not all the poison glands possessed by spiders are dangerous to human beings.3. Spiders often kill humans in Britain when they pierce human skin.4. After seeing her enemy commits suicide, Arachne turned Athene into a spider.5. Tim Tegenaria spiders are closely related to tarantula spiders; both are found in Britain.6. So far 32,000 different kinds of spiders have been discovered from all over the world.7. Money spiders are the smallest spiders found in the Arachnids family.8. There are more than known species of spider in the world.9. Telling male and female spiders apart is easily done by .10. The largest spider is .二．选择填空（共20分，每小题1分）17. Most workers have heard the news that their products, with excellent quality and delicate skill, are enjoying growing _—24.—I believed that parents’ life _____ better and better.A. will have gotB. has gotC. getsD. will be getting25. Most of us still wonder ____ it is ____ makes those honest peasant workers, without being paid at all, resign themselves to the bosses.A. that, whatB. what, thatC. /, thatD. /, what26. —What do you think the noise was?—It ____ a cat.A. may beB. might beC. could have beenD. might have been27. Three years later he became____ doctorA. anB. aC./D. the28. Among the eternal dreams of human beings, the great longing for the blue air and flying isnever .A. given awayB. worn offC. paid offD. handed over29. ____ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.A. WhichB. AsC. ThatD. It30. —How do you like the food in the new restaurant?—Delicious！Actually their dishes couldn’t be ____.A. strickenB. hitC. beatenD. struck三．阅读理解（共30分，每小题2分）Passage 1In Lusaka, Zambia, a young man applying for a job was told to see the manager. He leaned over the receptionist’s desk and asked. “What tribe(部落) is he?”When the receptionist told him that the manager was a Mashona, the applicant replied, “Then I'll never get the job.”This phenomenon is called tribalism(部落主义). There are more than 2,000 tribes in black Africa. Each has its own language, customs, and physical characteristics that make its members almost immediately recognizable to a person from another tribe. To the Westerner, tribalism is one of the most difficult of African customs to understand. It makes many people think of savagery, warfare, or old-fashioned customs.However, to most Africans, tribalism simply means very strong loyalty to one’s ethnic group. It is a force that can be both good and bad. By definition tribalism means sharing among members of the extended family. It makes sure that a person is taken care of by his own group tribesman. To give a job to a fellow is not wrong; it is an obligation. Similarly, for a politician or military leader, it is considered good common sense to choose his closest advisers from people of his own tribe. This ensures security, continuity, and authority. Tribal loyalty may mean a quick promotion—from sergeant to captain, from clerk to manager—within a very short time.Modern African politicians publicly speak out against tribal divisions. Yet it remains perhaps the most powerful force in day-to-day African life.31. In paragraph 1, why did the young man believe his job application will be refused?A. His behavior was not appropriate.B. He belonged to the same tribe with the manager.C. He didn’t belong to the same tribe with the manager.D. His questions annoyed the receptionist.32. The situation in the first paragraph is an example of____.A. the difficulty of getting a job in AfricaB. the disagreement on tribalism among AfricansC. the great numbers of tribes in AfricaD. the importance of tribalism in Africa33. What might be the common attitudes of Westerners towards tribalism?A. PositiveB. IndifferentC. NegativeD. none of the above34. According to the article, which of the following is NOT an evidence of tribalism?A. Sergeants maintain security in his own tribe.B. Politicians choose men from his own tribe as intimate advisers.C. Military leaders promote fellow tribesmen to higher positions.D. Managers give jobs to fellow tribesmen.35. What would be the future of tribalism?A. It will soon be destroyed by modern politicians.B. It will remain as strong as it is today and never be changed.C. It will gradually disappear as the society develops.D. It will speed up further division of tribes.Passage 2Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist(不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic(疯人).The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.36. According to the report, ____.A. many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB. many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their workC. long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD. many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood37. Many “short sleepers” ar e likely to hold the view that ____.A. sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB. sleep interferes with their sound judgementC. sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD. sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles38. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers ____.A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB. often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleepC. do not know how to relax properlyD. are more unlikely to run into mental problems39. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might ____.A. appear disturbedB. become energeticC. feel dissatisfiedD. be extremely depressed40. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?A. If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakenedB. The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the same as those shown by many mental patientsC. Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleepD. Short sleepers would be better off with more restPassage 3Painting is one of the oldest and most important arts. Since prehistoric times, artists have arranged colors on surfaces as ways that express their ideas about people, the world, and religion. The paintings that artist create have great value for humanity. They provide people with both pleasure and information.People enjoy paintings for a number of reasons. Many viewers take pleasures in the artistic qualities of a painting, such as its colors or composition. Some painting interest viewers because of the way the artists have expressed some emotion, such as fear, grief, happiness, love, hero worship，or faith. Such paintings, in turn, can inspire similar emotions in people looking at them. Other paintings are enjoyable because they skillfully portray nature or illustrate the daily lives of people who lived long ago.Paintings can also teach. Some paintings reveal what the artists, or their society felt about important subjects, including death, love religion, and social justice. Many paintings tell about the history of the period in which they were created. They provide information about the customs, ideals, and interests of people of past societies. Much of our knowledge about prehistoric and ancient times comes from paintings and other works of art because many early cultures left few or no written records. For example, paintings can tell about such things as the architecture, clothing, recreation, and tools of a particular society or historical period.41. What does painting provide people with?A. HumanityB. Their ideasC. Pleasure and informationD. Emotion and recreation42. Which of the following is NOT a reason why people enjoy paintings?A. People are interested in the way the artists have expressed some emotions.B. People take pleasure in the artistic qualities of a painting.C. Some paintings illustrate the daily lives of people who lived long ago.D. People want to express their ideas about the paintings.43. Why can paintings be instructive?A. They reveal what the artists felt about important subjects.B. They provide information about present customs.C. they tell about the history of the arts.D. They offer a valuable record of human culture.44. What’s the passage mainly about?A. Paintings are beautifulB. Why people enjoy paintings.C. Paintings are instructiveD. Why artists enjoy paintings.45. What is the tone of the writer?A. criticizingB. sarcasticC. negativeD. informative四．完形填空（共15分，每小题1分）There is a limit 46 the amount of creative talent available in the world. Every day, television consumes vast quantities of creative work. That is why most of the programmes are so 47 : it is impossible to keep 48 with the demand and maintain high standards as well. When millions watch the same programmes, the whole world becomes a49 , and society is 50 to the conditions which obtain in preliterate communities. We become utterly 51 on the two most primitive media of communication: pictures and the spoken word.Television encourages 52 enjoyment. We become content 53 second-hand experiences. It 54 so easy to sit in our armchairs watching others working. Little 55 little, television cuts us 56 from the real world. Weget so 57 , we choose to spend a fine day in semi-darkness, glued to our sets, rather than 58 out into the world itself. Television may be s splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us 59 communicating with each other. We only become aware how totally irrelevant television is to 60 when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, far away from civilization.46. A. with B. for C. on D. to47. A. good B. vague C. expensive D. bad48. A. pace B. walk C. step D. foot49. A. village B. city C. big apple D. market50. A. increase B. drop C. reduced D. deduced51. A. independent B. dependent C. reliable D. rely52. A. active B. happy C. passive D. fantastic53. A. with B. to C. for D. at54. A. is B. was C. be D. has been55. A. for B. by C. and D. of56. A. out B. down C. off D. away57. A. hard B. diligent C. indifferent D. lazy58. A. to go B. go C. went D. to have go59. A. from B. to C. / D. in60. A. real living B. ideal C. dream D. media五．翻译（共15分，每小题3分）61.考虑到各种各样的因素，应该根据课程安排对我们的学科进行重新调整。