Issue题库和翻译全部244题 [nanyo]

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ISSUE题库[244篇](提纲+翻译)

1、"We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disag reement can cause stress and inhibit learning." 1．我们通常从和我们意见统一的人那里学到的东西比从和我们意见相悖的人那里学到的东西多的多；意见分歧阻碍了学习。

Although we can learn knowledge from people whose views we share, the knowledge is limited, since the sphere of knowledge of the people who share the same opinion are confined to same level of cognition with us.It will be quite different if we communicate with people whose views contradict to ours.Admitted that, it is little harder or even bitter to accept opposite views for us due to our self-assertion is impaired caused by other‟s challenge.2、"Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society." 2．竞争对社会的好处大于坏处。

Through competing, the one who is most eligible is put on the right place, and then will produce much more values than those who are not competent as he or she.While, on the other hand, if a competition is fraught with adulteration and illegality, it will bring deterioration to the society rather than progress. A case in point is related to market economics.3."It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations." 3．我们应该把更多的钱用在当前的问题上，而不是用在可能有助于我们后代的长期的研究项目上。

新 GRE _ ISSUE 题库中文翻译

新GRE作文ISSUE题目翻译+分类将新GRE写作Issue Pool 题库分类整理，更方便考生积累写作素材，熟悉分类Issue的套路，在考场上用短时间汇聚思路完成写作部分。

是大家提高新GRE写作能力的有效资料之一。

ETS官网公布的ISSUE新题库This page contains the Issue topics for the Analytical Writing section of the GRE? revised General Test. When you take the test, you will be presented with one Issue topic from this pool. Each Issue topic consists of an issue statement or statements followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to respond to the issue. The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here. Also, because there may be multiple versions of some topics with similar or identical wording but with different task instructions, it is very important to read your test topic and its specific task directions carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test.1 As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.当人们越来越依赖技术去解决问题，人类独立思考能力却退化。

新issue分类题库+翻译final

教育6 / 14 / 96 / 116 重点一82 / 97 / 100 / 124 重点二15 /20 / 32 /39 /98 / 129/ 135 / 136/140 重点三13 / 46 / 70 / 102 / 112 重点四3 / 35 /137/36/72 重点五40 / 47/90/103重点六24 / 29 / 5212 / 2517 / 6845 / 13851 / 7181 / 95 30 / 83 37、42、58、73、142学习/知识49 / 76/ 118 105/106 / 126 33/109 48/9254、131、143科学技术1、9、59、64、91、101、132行为875631/63/6779 / 14627、34、53、61、78、9366（难）对于一种想法或者政策最忠实的人往往是那些对其最严厉的人。

141（难）信仰问题社会问题28 /85/94/ 113 / 120 / 121 / 127 /145/147 重点七8 / 111 / 149 重点八11 / 99 （难）个人行为不由自己决定，而由外界环境。

2、22/122 123/12819、21、43、62、13018（难）质疑权威26（难）奢华便利的生活阻碍人们变得强大和独立。

38（难）人们通过认同社会来定位自己。

144（难）个人成功的标准65（难）遵守公正的法律，违反不公正的89（难）法律与道德政治16/50 / 86 /114/ 115、139 重点八104/107 与其类似10 / 125 / 148 108/110 23、60、69文化41（难）个人的伟大应由后人还是同时代的人评定5/117、77传媒4（难）丑闻的作用44/75/84艺术55（难）艺术作品的价值何在80/88历史57（难）、74/133/134重点十历史研究的价值119一.教育6 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。

ISSUE题库

cational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.
4.Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.
A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.
Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.
Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.

Issue题库汉翻英

注释：粗体是好结构红色是、好单词或不认识的单词21. The alternative aspects being researched, such as astrology, armomancy,and …, have very important functions in our society, because they satisfied the people’s requirement that can not gained from the current society."Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science."23. A public servant, who wants to be a smart leader must contain highest ethics and moral standards.To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.26. When the leaders of government, sports circle, industry member and other fields own their success to a highly competition sense, the society should teach the future generations who will be the leaders cooperation senses.While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare itsyoung people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation.28. Historical studies are much too concern about individuals. The most meaningful events and currents being possible are not accomplished by the famous but the people whose status had been forgotten.The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten.30. To improve the quality of college education all the teachers should be asked to pay some time on taking the work related to their teaching subjects out of their sphere of learning.In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.31. Education would be efficient only when they are been designed to satisfy each student’s requirements and interests.Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student.34. History only teach us one thing that understand the decisions that are useless to the people in the past and significant in current.History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.36. Government should pay more attention on solving the current things rather than trying to solve the predicted problems.Government should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of future.39. Too much attention is paid on the mode aspects .Imitating others rather than make out the best decision for the individual.Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the choice that are best for them.41. The highest honors such as the Nobel Prize are harming the society, because the awards imply that only a little people can gain the pride.High-profile awards such as Nobel Prize are actually damaging to society because they suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition.43. To understand your culture better, no matter how it is defined, you need to comprehend at least another culture, and this culture should be quite different from your own one.To truly understand your own culture—no matter how you define it – requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly different from your own.49. Government should place less limits of the scientific study and development.Government should place few, if any,restrictions on scientific research and development.50. In any areas—commercial, politics, education, government—the power owner should abdicate after five years. It is the best way to success for any organization that by refreshing to keep active.In any profession–business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.52. One can know the main features of the society by studying the main cities.One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studying the major cities.53. In most professions and study domains, imagination is more significant than knowledge.In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.56. Really deep thinkers and full of creative artists are always beyond their society.Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of step with their time and their society 63. Government should maintain the public desert area although the area can hardly be seen any people. Government should preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state, even though these areas are often extremely remote and thus accessible to only a few people.65. It may damage the completeness of the art when it is subsided by government.Government founding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.68. Social traditions and moral standards are not only influenced but determined by technology. Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics.78. Universities should set more courses about music, film, advertisement, and television, because current culture is much more related than past literature and art.Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music, film, advertising, and television because contemporary culture has much greater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past.83. It is valuable of studying of history only when it is related to our daily lives.The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives.88. In many countries, now watching TV to see the government running has come true. Observing theprogress is helpful for the people to know the policies that influence their daily lives. The more of how does government running transmitted the –judgments, debate, commitment—the better does to the society.In many countries it is now possible to turn on the television and view government at work. Watching these proceedings can help people understand the issues that affect their lives.The more kinds of government proceedings –trails, debates, meetings, etc—that are televised, the more society will benefit.89. Many advertisements’ intentions are suggesting the customer s buy one product to let the customer much more like the people in the advertisement, This kind of Ads are very useful are not merely selling products and as well helping people feel confident.The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so that they will ‘be like’the person in the ads. This practice is effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feel better about themselves.92. Some education systems emphasize the students’analogy ability development, but those schools whichteach students studying their own emotions are much better to the students.Some educational systems emphasize the development of students’capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions.。

新GRE考试作文Issue题库

Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.
Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.
Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.
Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.

issue244题库及正常的翻译

1 "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."我们通常从和我们意见统一的人那里学到的东西比从和我们意见相悖的人那里学到的东西多的多；意见分歧阻碍了学习。

2 "Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."竞争对社会的好处大于坏处。

3 "It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."我们应该把更多的钱用在当前的问题上，而不是用在可能有助于我们后代的长期的研究项目上。

4 "No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."如果没有失败者介绍自己的经验和知识，没有哪个领域的研究会取得长足的进步。

%%几乎没有任何领域能够取得具有重要意义的进步,除非结合其他行业的知识和经验到该领域中来%%5 "A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer."一个国家应该要求所有的学生在上大学前都学习相同的课程，而不应该允许不同地区的学校擅自决定自己的教学领域。

GMAT ISSUE 写作官方题库

GMAT ISSUE 写作官方题库第一类：环境保护与能源保护002 "It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. Intemational leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential ifwe expect to protect the world's energy resources for future generations."013 "Responsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, not to govemment."041 "The best way to preserve the natural environment is to impose penalties- whether fines, imprisonment, or other punishments-on those who are most responsible for polluting or otherwise damaging it."042 "Scientists are continually redefining the standards for what is beneficial or harmful to the environment. Since these standards keep shifting, companies should resist changing their products and processes in response to eachnewrecommendation until those recommendations become govemment regulations."047 "The primary responsibility for preventing environmental damage belongs to government, not to individuals or private industry."091"Govemment should establish regulations to reduce or eliminate any suspected health hazards in the environment, even when the scientific studies of these health hazards are incomplete or contradictory."141 " Although most people wish to live long lives, attempting to significantly extend the average human life span would be a mistake. If achieved, this would place an enormous burden on resources, lowering the quality oflife for everyone. "第二类：建筑、历史建筑以及考古016 "Public buildings reveal much about the attitudes and values of the society that builds them. Today's new schools, courthouses, airports, and libraries, for example, reflect the attitudes and values oftoday's society."078 "Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of anysociety's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modem planners feel could be better used for modem purposes."In your opinion, which is more important-preserving historic buildings or encouraging modern development? Explain your position, using reasons and examples based on your own experiences, observations, or reading.083 "We shape our buildings and afterward our buildings shape us."105 "All archaeological treasures should remain in the country in which they wereoriginally discovered. These works should not be exported, even if museums in other parts ofthe world are better able to preserve and display them."137 "Some people claim that in order to protect national parks and historical sites,public access to them should be greatly restricted. Others argue that there should be few restrictions, if any, because such places were intended for everyone to use.第三类：大众传媒、信息、娱乐001 "In some countries, television and radio programs are carefully censored foroffensive language and behavior. In other countries, there is little or no censorship."In your view, to what extent should govemment or any other group be able to censor television or radio programs? Explain, giving relevant reasons and/or examples to support your position. 015 "Nations should cooperate to develop regulations that limit children's access to adultmaterial on the Intemet."**The Intemet is a worldwide computer network.028 "Because businesses use high-quality advertising to sell low-quality products,schools should give students extensive training in how to make informed decisions before making purchases."032 "You can tell the ideas ofa nation by its advertisements."044 "All companies should invest heavily in advertising because high-quality advertising can sell almost any product or service."054 "Popular entertainment is overly influenced by commercial interests. Superficiality, obscenity, and violence characterize films and television today because those qualities are commercially successful."085 "Advertising is the most influential and therefore the most important artisticachievement ofthe twentieth century.086 "Whether promoting a product, an event, or a person, an advertising campaign is most effective when it appeals to emotion rather than to reason."107 "People are overwhelmed by the increasing amount of information available on the computer. Therefore, the immediate goal of the information technology industry should be to help people leam how to obtain the information they need efficiently and wisely.134 "Although many people object to advertisements and solicitations that intrude into their lives through such means as the telephone, the Intemet, and television, companies and organizations must have the right to contact potential customers and donors whenever and however they wish."138 "Some people claim that the growth of mass media has stifled intellectual curiosity. Others, however, argue that the availability of so much information and entertainment has encouraged individuals to expand their intellect and creativity."145 "The increasing popularity of video games and the Intemet suggests that consumers now want a more interactive entertainment experience than books, movies, and television can provide. " 148 "Despite the violence and stereotypes present in many popular forms of entertainment created for children (such as books, movies, and video games),we should still allow children to experience this kind ofentertainment."149 "Portrayals of violence have proven commercially successful in television programs, movies, songs, and other forms of popular entertainment. Therefore，those who create popular entertainment should continue to incorporate violence into their products. "第四类：成功006 "There is only one definition of success-to be able to spend your life in your own way. 011 "When someone achieves greatness in any field-such as the arts, science, politics, or business-that person's achievements are more important than any of his or her personal faults." 012 "Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the keys to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life."029 "Too many people think only about getting results. The key to success, however, is to focus on the specific task at hand and not to worry about results." What do you think this piece of advice means, and do you think that it is, on the whole, worth following? Support your views with reasons and/or examples drawn from your own experience, observations, or reading.039 "It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects ofa fulfilling personallife."049 "Ask most older people to identify the key to success, and they are likely to reply 'hard work.' Yet, I would tell people starting offin a career that work in itselfis not the key. In fact, you have to approach work cautiously-too much or too little can be self-defeating." 052 "Successful individuals typically set their next goal somewhat-but not too much-above their last achievement. In this way, they steadily raise their level ofaspiration."081 "No one can possibly achieve any real and lasting success or 'get rich' in business by conforming to conventional practices or ways ofthinking."094 "Ifparents want to prepare their children to succeed in life, teaching the children self-discipline is more important than teaching them self-esteem."102 "An advanced degree may help someone get a particular job. Once a person begins working, however, the advanced degree and the formal education it represents are rarely relevant to success on the job."第五类：教育023 "Schools should be responsible only for teaching academic skills and not for teaching ethical and social values."037 "Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modem society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities."062 "What education fails to teach us is to see the human community as one. Rather than focus on the unique differences that separate one nation from another, education should focus on the similarities among all people and places on Earth." What do you think of the view of education expressed above? Explain, using reasons and/or specific examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.098 "In order to accommodate the increasing number of undergraduate students, colleges and universities should offer most courses through distance leaming, such as videotaped instruction that can be accessed through the Intemet or cable television. Requiring students to appear at a designated time and place is nolonger an effective or efficient way ofteaching most undergraduate courses."099 "If a nation is to ensure its own economic success, it must maintain a highly competitive educational system in which students compete among themselves and against students from other countries."122 "Schools should not teach specialized information and techniques, which might soon become outdated. Instead, schools should encourage a more general approach to leaming."125 "Formal education should not come to an end when people graduate from college. Instead, people should frequently enroll in courses throughout their lives."135 "In business courses, professors should teach only factualinformation and skills, not ethics."139 "Some experts maintain that students leam best in a highly structured environment, one that emphasizes discipline, punctuality, and routine. Others insist that educators, if they are to help students maximize their potential, ought to maintain an atmosphere ofrelative freedom and spontaneity."Explain your position on the issue of structure versus freedom in an ideal leaming environment. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience,observations, or reading.第六类：科技020 "In this age of automation, many people complain that humans are becoming subservient to machines. But, in fact, machines are continually improving our lives."087 "As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker, not to govemment or to business."111 "Because of recent advancements in business and technology, the overall quality oflife in most societies has never been better than at the present time."114 "Technology ultimately separates and alienates people more than it serves to bring them together."第七类：历史043 "The most important reason for studying history is not that knowledge of history can make us better people or a better society but that it can provide clues to solving the societal problems that we face today."089 "The study of history is largely a waste of time because it prevents us from focusing on the challenges ofthe present."第八类：建议、忠告007 "The best way to give advice to other people is to find out what they want and then advise them how to attain it."055 "Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do, and they will surprise you with their ingenuity."073 "People often give the following advice: "Be yourself Follow your instincts and behave in a way that feels natural."Do you think that, in general, this is good advice? Why or why not? Develop your point of view by giving reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.第九类：社会问题059 "Juvenile crime is a senous social problem, and businesses must become more involved in helping to prevent it."101 "The automobile has caused more problems than it has solved. Most societies would probably be much better off ifthe automobile had never been invented."126 "Laws pertaining to relatively minor crimes must be vigorously enforced if a society hopes to stop more serious crimes."140 "The primary responsibility of citizens is to obey their nation's civil and criminal laws. "142 "Lying should be avoided primarily because it harms people's ability to live together in society. "第十类：社会、国家096 "In order to understand a society, we must examine the contents ofits museums and the subjects ofits memorials. What a society chooses to preserve, display, and commemorate is the truest indicator ofwhat the society values."104 "The value of any nation should be measured more by its scientific and artistic achievements than by its business successes.130 "We can leam more about a society by observing how its people spend their leisure time thanby observing them at work."第十一类：政府、政府组织022 "Clearly, government has a responsibility to support the arts. However, if that support is going to produce anything of value, govemment must place no restrictions on the art that is produced."046 "Businesses are as likely as are govemments to establish large bureaucracies, but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a govemment."061 "Even at its best, a govemment is a tremendous burden to business, though anecessary one."063 "As govemment bureaucracy increases, citizens become more and more separated from their govemment."113 "It is essential that the nations ofthe world increase spending on the building of space stations and on the exploration of other planets, even if that means spending less on other govemment programs.116 "A govemment should provide funding for the arts, but only for those artistic works that reflect the values and attitudes ofthe majority of the population."131 "Govemments should not be responsible for regulating businesses and other organizations. Instead, society would benefit if the organizations themselves assumed most of the responsibility for establishing and enforcing their own standards and regulations."147 "Because it is in the best interests of a society to promote integrity and moral behavior, govemments should censor television and radio programs for offensive language and behavior. 第十二类：人权、人性004 "Of all the manifestations* of power, restraint in the use of that power impresses people most."*manifestations: apparent signs orindicators040 "With the increasing emphasis on a global economy and intemational cooperation, people need to understand that their role as citizens of the world is more important than their role as citizens of a particular country."057 "Everywhere, it seems, there are clear and positive signs that people are becoming more respectful ofone another's differences.065 "The rise of multinational corporations is leading to global homogeneity.* Because people everywhere are beginning to want the same products and services, regional differences are rapidly disappearing."* homogeneity: sameness, similarity074 "The people we remember best are the ones who broke the rules."075 "There are essentially two forces that motivate people: self-interest and fear."077 "Although 'genius' is difficult to define, one of the qualities of genius is the ability to transcend traditional modes ofthought and create new ones." Explain what you think the above statement means and discuss the extent to which you agree or disa&ee with this definition of genius. In your discussion, be sure to include at least one example of someone who, in your opinion, exemplifies genius or a particular characteristic ofgenius.080 "As individuals, people save too little and borrow too much." From your perspective, how accurate is the view expressed above? In your discussion, be sure to consider the conditions under which it is appropriate to save money and the conditions under which it is appropriate to borrow.Develop your position using reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.082 "Business and govemment must do more, much more, to meet the needs and goals ofwomen in the workplace."088 "Each generation must accept blame of some ofits members but also for against those words and actions." not only for the hateful words and actions the failure of other members to speak out against those words and actions.”097 "In business, more than in any other social arena, men and women have leamed how to share power effectively."103 "Most people today place too much emphasis on satisfying their immediate desires. The overall quality oflife would be greatly improved if we all focused instead on meeting our long-term needs." 112 "In most fields-including education, politics, and business-the prevailing philosophy never stays in place very long. This pattem of constantly shifiing from one theoretical position to another is an inevitable reflection of human nature: people soon tire ofthe status quo."118 "People's loyalty to political parties and political leaders significantly hinders their ability to form their own opinions about an issue."121 "Whether people accept or reject an idea depends more on the way it is presented to them than on the merits ofthe idea itself "第十三类：工作与生活009 "Employees should keep their private lives and personal actiyities as separate as possible from the workplace."030 "Companies benefit when they discourage employees from working extra hours or taking work home. When employees spend their leisure time without'producing' something for the job, they will be more focused and effective when they retum to work."067 "Work greatly influences people's personal lives-their special interests, their leisure activities, even their appearance away from the workplace."第十四类：商业产品010 "In any enterprise, the process of making or doing something is ultimately more important than the final product."066 "Manufacturers are responsible for ensuring that their products are safe. If a product injures someone, for whatever reason, the manufacturer should be held legally and financially accountable for the injury."070 "So long as no laws are broken, there is nothing unethical about doing whatever you need to do to promote existing products or to create new products."084 "A business should not be held responsible for providing customers with complete information about its products or services; customers should have the responsibility of gathering information about the products or services they may want to buy.”090 "People ofien complain that products are not made to last. They feel that making products that wear out fairly quickly wastes both natural and human resources.What they fail to see, however, is that such manufacturing practices keep costs down for the consumer and stimulate demand."Which do you find more compelling: the complaint about products that do not last or the response to it? Explain your position using relevant reasons and/or examples drawn from your own experience, observations, or reading.第十五类：商业发展056 "The secret ofbusiness is to know something that nobody else knows."058 "What is the final objective of business? It is to make the obtaining of a living- the obtaining of food, clothing, shelter, and a minimum of luxunes-so mechanical and so little time-consuming that people shall have time for other things." - A business leader, circa 1930 071 "Commercialism has become too widespread. It has even crept into schools and places ofworship. Every nation should place limits on what kinds of products, if any, can be sold at certain events or places.'100 "In order to force companies to improve policies and practices considered unethical or harmful, society should rely primarily on consumer action-such as refusal to buy product-rather than legislative action."第十六类：商业管理003 "Corporations and other businesses should try to eliminate the many ranks and salary grades that classify employees according to their experience and expertise.A 'flat' organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees."005 "All groups and organizations should function as teams in which everyone makes decisions and shares responsibilities and duties. Giving one person central authority and responsibility for a project or task is not an effective way to get work done."014 "Organizations should be structured in a clear hierarchy in which the people at each level, from top to bottom, are held accountable for completing a particular component of the work. Any other organizational structure goes against human nature and will ultimately prove fruitless." 018 "If the primary duty and concem of a corporation is to make money, then conflict is inevitable when the corporation must also acknowledge a duty to serve society."019 "Some employers who recruit recent college graduates for entry-level jobs evaluate applicants only on their performance in business courses such as accounting, marketing, and economics. However, other employers also expect applicants to have a broad backgiound in such courses as history, literature, and philosophy."021 "Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels ofproductivity."024 "A powerful business leader has far more opportunity to influence the course of a community or a nation than does any government official."025 "The best strategy for managing a business, or any enterprise, is to find the most capable people and give them as much authority as possible."026 "Location has traditionally been one of the most important determinants of a business's success. The importance oflocation is not likely to change, no matter how advanced the development ofcomputer communications and others kinds of technology becomes."027 "A company's long-term success is primarily dependent on the job satisfaction and the job security felt by the company's employees."033 "People are likely to accept as a leader only someone who has demonstrated an ability to perform the same tasks that he or she expects others to perform.'035 "Business relations are infected through and through with the disease of short- sighted motives. We are so concemed with immediate results and short-term goals that we fail to look beyond them." Assuming that the term "business relations" can refer to the decisions and actions of any organization-for instance, a small family business, a community association, or a largeintemational corporation-explain the extent to which you think that this criticism is valid. In your discussion of the issue, use reasons and/or examples from your own experience, your observation of others, or your reading.036 "Businesses and other organizations have overemphasized the importance of working as a team. Clearly, in any human group, it is the strong individual, the person with the most commitment and energy, who gets things done."045 "The most effective way for a business person to maximize profits over a long period oftime is to follow the highest standards of ethics."048 "In matching job candidates with job openings, managers must consider not only such variables as previous work experience and educational background but also personality traits and work habits, which are more difficult to judge." What do you consider essential in an employee or colleague? Explain, using reasons and/or examples from your work or work-like experiences, or from your observations of others.050 "How far should a supervisor go in criticizing the performance ofa subordinate? Some highly successful managers have been known to rely on verbal abuse and intimidation. Do you think that this is an effective means of communicating expectations? If not, what altemative should a manager use in dealing with someone whose work is less than satisfactory?"051 "The presence of a competitor is always beneficial to a company. Competition forces a company to change itselfin ways that improve its practices."060 "Employers should have no right to obtain information about their employees' health or other aspects of their personal lives without the employees' permission."064 "The goal ofbusiness should not be to make as big a profit as possible. Instead, business should also concem itselfwith the well-being ofthe public."068 "Since the physical work environment affects employee productivity and morale, the employees themselves should have the right to decide how their workplace is designed."069 "The most important quality in an employee is not specific knowledge or technical competence. Instead, it is the ability to work well with other employees."072 "Companies should not try to improve employees' performance by giving incentives-for example, awards or gifis. These incentives encourage negative kinds of behavior instead of encouraging a genuine interest in doing the work well."076 "For a leader there is nothing more difficult, and therefore more important, than to be able to make decisions."092 "Employees should show loyalty to their company by fully supporting the company's managers and policies, even when the employees believe that the managers and policies are misguided." 093 "To be successful, companies should trust their workers and give them as much freedom as possible. Any company that tries to control employees' behavior through a strict system of rewards and punishments will soon find that such controls have a negative effect on employee morale and, consequently, on the company's success."095 "Companies are never justified in employing young children, even if the child's family would benefit from the income.106 "The most effective way for managers to assign work is to divide complex tasks into their simpler component parts. This way, each worker completes a small portion ofthe task but contributes to the whole."108 "Employees should not have full access to their own personnel files. If, for example,employees were allowed to see certain confidential materials, the people supplying that information would not be likely to express their opinions candidly."109 "All personnel evaluations at a company should be multidirectional-that is, people at every level of the organization should review not only those working ‘under' them but also those working 'over' them."110 "The most effective business leaders are those who maintain the highest ethical standards." 115 "All employees should help decide how the profits oftheir company or businessshould be used."117 "The well-being of a society depends more on the success of small businessesthan on the success ofa few large, high-profile corporations."119 "It makes no sense for people with strong technological skills to go to college if they know that they can eam a good salary without a college degree."120 "Companies should not allow the trend toward informality in dress and conduct at the workplace to continue; formalityin dress and behavior helps create a more disciplined and productive work environment."123 "The current trend of moving frequently from company to company has negative consequences: it causes instability in the workplace and, as a result, instability in society. Therefore, companies should require employees to make a mitment to the organization."124 "The most effective leaders are those who can solve complex problems by finding simple, immediate solutions."127 "In general, a company's most valuable employees are those who are concerned more with efiiciency than with quality."128 "Instead of relying on the advice of outside experts, organizations should place greater value on the advice that can come only from their own highly experienced employees."129 "When judging the qualifications of potential employees, business employers should rely solely on objective information, such as a candidate's resume and education. Personal interviews are much too subjective and are therefore not a valid basis on which to judge a person's qualifications for a job."132 "In any business or other organization, it is better to have managers with strong leadership skills than managers with expertise and work experience m a particular field."133 "Employees should not be asked to provide formal evaluations of their supervisor because they have little basis for judging or even understanding their supervisor's performance." 136 "In some companies, employees are allowed to express their feelings and opinions about the company by sending electronic messages to everyone in the company. In other companies, this type ofcommunication is strictly prohibited." What restrictions, if any, do you think companies should place on employees' electronic communications? Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.第十七类：其他（货币制度、公共服务等）008 "For hundreds of years, the monetary system of most countries has been based on the exchange ofmetal coins and printed pieces ofpaper. However, because of recent developments in technology, the international community should consider replacing the entire system of coins and paper with a system of electronic accounts of credits and debits."017 "Some people believe that the best approach to effective time management is to make detailed daily and long-term plans and then to adhere to them. However, this highly structured approach。

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Issue题库和翻译全部244题双击滚屏，单击停止来源：新东方GRE的官方题库地址，任何变化都以此为主/issuetop.htmlIt is convenient for criticizing essays in the board.When you take the analytical writing section of the GRE General Test, you will be presented with two Issue topics from this pool. Because the wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here, you should read your test topics carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test.-------------------------------Present your perspective on the issue below, using relevant reasons and/or examples to support your views.1. "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."通常，我们从与我们意见相同的人身上学到的要比从那些与我们意见相悖的人身上学的东西要多得多；（因为）意见不统一会带来压力并且阻碍学习。

统一与分歧之（与我们）持相同意见者和持不同意见者对学习的作用意见相同可以鼓励人们学习的积极性，人们更愿意从和自己意见相同的人身上学习；使人们盲目自信，看不到自己的缺点而阻碍进步，和自己相同的人知识面有限制意见不同可以找出学习中的不足；打击人们的信心，带来压力阻碍进步------------------------------2. "Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."归根结底，竞争对于社会是利多弊少。

竞争对于社会的优点和缺点竞争可以------------------------------3. "It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."与其花钱进行可能有助于后代的长期性研究，还不如把钱花在迫在眉睫，已经存在的社会问题上。

当务之急和百年大计的关系------------------------------4. "No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."在任何一个研究领域当中，除非有该领域之外的人引进他们的知识和经验，否则该领域就很难获得巨大的发展。

Outsider: a person does not belong to a particular group闭门造车，旁观者清------------------------------5. "A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer."一个国家应该要求所有的学生在进入大学之前都学习由国家统一制定的课程，而不是允许由国家不同地区的学校去决定课程的安排。

国家统一和地区单独安排课程------------------------------6. "The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth."了解当代文明最有效的途径就是去分析当代年轻人的潮流。

文明潮流和年轻人潮流的关系。

------------------------------7. "The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records."摄像机可以通过如此精确而有力的记录手段来再现当代生活，因此它已经代替书面记录成为了一种更重要的记录手段。

记录手段：现代摄像机和印刷术------------------------------8. "It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public."对于政治领导者来说，向人大众隐瞒信息通常是必要的，甚至有益的。

少数和多数的关系之true lies, the truth is out there.------------------------------9. "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."近些年来，学科已经细化到了相当的程度以至于学者们的理念只影响小范围的人群。

除非学者们能拥有影响等大范围的人群，否则他们的理念将几乎毫无用处。

过分专业化问题overspecialization------------------------------10. "Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated."政府必须要确保主要城市发展所需的财政支持，因为一个国家的文化传统主要是在城市中得以保存和发展。

城市和国家的关系之文化传统------------------------------11. "All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world's most persistent social problems."所有的国家都应该支持发展一所全球性的大学，它的主要目的是要让学生们致力于解决世界上最难缠的社会问题。

全球化问题之全球解难大学------------------------------12. "People's attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by any internal characteristic."人们的态度更多的是由临时的情况或者环境所决定，而非人们自身的特点。

心理问题之冲动和可预测------------------------------13. "Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct."世界上很多的小语种都快要消失了，因为越来越少的人在使用这些语言。

使用这些小语种的国家应该采取行动以防止这样的语言逐渐销声匿迹。

反全球化问题之小语种与政府保护------------------------------14. "It is necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, mythology and other types of imaginative literature."每个人都应该阅读诗歌、小说、神话以及各种各样的想象文学。

想象文学与人------------------------------15. "The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes of human behavior."一个社会的稳定取决于该社会对人们极端行为所作出的反应。