2019年长沙市中考(理综)试卷
2019年湖南省长沙市中考英语试题(word版,含答案,无听力材料及音频)
如果您喜欢这份文档，欢迎下载！祝您成绩进步，学习愉快！2019年长沙市初中学业水平考试试卷英语注意事项：1、答题前，请考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号、考室和座位号；2、必须在答题卡上答题，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效；3、答题时，请考生注意各大题题号后面的答题提示；4、请勿折叠答题卡，保持字体工整、笔迹清晰、卡面清洁;5、答题卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改胶和贴纸；6、本学科试卷中听力材料以中速朗读两遍。
试卷分为四个部分，共8页，75小题，时量120分钟，满分120分。
I ．听力技能（两部分，共20小题，计20分）第一节听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题。
听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
（共5小题，计5分）1．Where did Jim go last weekend?A ．The science park.B ．The countryside.C ．The city library.2．How often does the boy play basketball?A ．Every day.B ．Twice a week.C ．Twice a month.3．What’s the weather like today?A ．Rainy.B ．Sunny.C ．Snowy.4．When will Mary have a picnic?A ．On Friday.B ．On Saturday.C ．On Sunday.5．What color does the girl like best?A ．Green.B ．Blue.C ．Yellow.第二节听下面6段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有2-3个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题。
2019年湖南长沙市中考英语试卷以及解析答案
2019年湖南长沙市中考英语试卷I．听力技能（两部分，共5小题，计20分）第一节听下面5段对话．每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题．听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．（共5小题，计5分）1．（1分）Where did Jim go last weekend？A．The science park．B．The countryside．C．The city library．2．（1分）How often does the boy play basketball？A．Every day．B．Twice a week．C．Twice a month．3．（1分）What's the weather like now？A．Rainy．B．Sunny．C．Snowy．4．（1分）When will Mary have a picnic？A．On Friday．B．On Saturday．C．On Sunday．5．（1分）What color does the girl like best？A．Green．B．Blue．C．Yellow．第二节听下面6段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有2-3个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题．听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．（共6小题，计15分）6．（2分）听第六段对话，回答下列小题．（1）What will the man do next？A．Leave right away．B．Stay for dinner．C．Catch a train．（2）How long will it take the man to get to the station？A．Half an hour．B．One hour．C．One and a half hours．7．（2分）听第六段对话，回答下列小题．（1）When will they go for a trip？A．In June．B．In July．C．In August．（2）How long will they stay there？A．For five days．B．For a week．C．For a month．8．（2分）听第六段对话，回答下列小题．（1）What is the second gift for Cathy？A．A skirt．B．A car．C．A computer．（2）What's the probable relationship between the speakers？A．Husband and wife．B．Boss and secretary．C．Father and daughter．9．（3分）听第六段对话，回答下列小题．（1）What is John doing at the moment？A．Cleaning the kitchen．B．Watching TV．C．Writing an email．（2）How old is Mark？A．Seven．B．Eight．C．Nine．（3）What makes John unhappy？A．His mother's strictness．B．His brother's laziness．C．His uncle's arrival．10．（3分）听第六段对话，回答下列小题．（1）Who helped Bob to make progress in math？A．Jack．B．Lucy．C．Tony．（2）Which subject has become Lucy's favorite？A．Math．B．History．C．Physics．（3）What are the speakers mainly talking about？A．History classes．B．Talent shows．C．Special memories．11．（3分）听第六段对话，回答下列小题．（1）In which country do children pick up things on their first birthdays？A．China．B．Mexico．C．America．（2）When do girls in Mexico have a special birthday celebration？A．At age 15．B．At age 18．C．At age 21．（3）What is often put on the top of a cake for the 21st birthday？A．A candy．B．A coin．C．A key．II．知识运用（两部分，共10小题，计20分）第一节语法填空从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案填空．（共10小题，计10分）12．（1分）_______ fun it is to have a field trip on the Orange Island!（）A．What B．What a C．How13．（1分）Keep trying，______ you might surprisingly find hidden abilities within you．（）A．but B．and C．or14．（1分）Yesterday our headmaster made a speech ______ environmental protection，and we learned something about recycling of waste．（）A．on B．at C．to15．（1分）﹣﹣﹣I can't find Sarah．Where is she？﹣﹣﹣She ______ for tomorrow's Xingcheng Cup speaking competition at home．（）A．prepares B．will prepareC．is preparing16．（1分）﹣﹣﹣So sorry，I took your school T﹣shirt by mistake．But where is _______？﹣﹣﹣Don't worry．Let me help you find it．（）A．yours B．his C．mine17．（1分）I ______ abroad for several years，but I have never regretted my final decision to move back to my motherland．（）A．am living B．lived C．have lived18．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Perfect photos! Good skills!﹣﹣﹣Thank you．They ______ by my Huawei mobile phone．In fact，I am not skillful at all．（）A．took B．were takenC．will be taken19．（1分）Of the two physics problems，Martha just finished ______ one．（）A．the most difficult B．the least difficultC．the less difficult20．（1分）China is getting better at making hi﹣tech products ______ can be bought in all parts of the world．（）A．who B．which C．what21．（1分）Life is like a story．What matters is not how long it is but______．（）A．how good it is B．how good is itC．what good it is第二节词语填空通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案．（共1小题，计10分）22．（10分）Thanksgiving was just around the corner．The menu（菜谱）had been set．The shopping list was made．（1）seemed perfect．I could taste turkey and mashed potatoes（火鸡和土豆泥）．Pictures of different pies，fruit and vegetables came into my mind．I couldn't （2）!The day before Thanksgiving my dad called a family meeting．He said we needed to practice being （3）．"We are going to （4）at a homeless shelter（收容所）on Thanksgiving Day．" I couldn't believe this was happening．So we wouldn't cook our own Thanksgiving dinner？The holiday wouldn't be the same．I thought the day would be ruined（糟蹋）．The next morning，we got up （5）．I followed my father to the shelter with my sleepy eyes．I had no great expectations and felt （6）all the way．As soon as we arrived，we got to work．There was so much to be done．But all I could think about was the dinner I couldn't enjoy．However，those thoughts soon （7）．Over the next few hours，I watched hundreds of people come through the shelter．For some，this was the only hot meal they would eat that week．For others，it was the first time to eat a Thanksgiving meal．The shelter was filled with （8）．Through this experience，I learned that Thanksgiving is a time to think about your blessings（祝福）and look for ways to bless others．When I gave up what I had wanted，I discovered how much I have．It is much better to （9）than to receive．In the end，that Thanksgiving became an （10）experience．（1）A．Something B．Everything C．Nothing（2）A．wait B．care C．understand（3）A．creative B．nervous C．thankful（4）A．rush out B．help out C．check out（5）A．early B．late C．suddenly（6）A．excited B．good C．down（7）A．appeared B．disappeared C．rose（8）A．stress B．joy C．fear（9）A．give B．take C．waste（10）A．uncomfortable B．unreasonable C．unforgettableⅢ．阅读技能（四部分，共2小题，计48分）第一节图表理解阅读下面的图表，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子．（共2小题，计10分）23．（4分）（1）The Yum Restaurant stays open for in total．A．two hoursB．three hoursC．five hours（2）From the menu above，we know that．A．bread and butter goes with startersB．there are four kinds of different ice creamC．the desserts are available for both lunch and dinner24．（6分）LAUGH YOUR HEAD OFFIf you are a huge fan of stand﹣up comedy（脱口秀），you'll have an amazing afternoon at EZ Comedy Club!The greatest live show ever is coming to town!Do you want to be part of the live audience（观众）？Recording TimeFriday，July 12th，2019Recording Location（位置）361，3rd Ave，New Haven，CTHow to join the audience？Please email us the following information at：ezccaudience2019@yahoo．comName，ID number，phone number，one recent photo．PS：Please check your inbox for our email．Please show this email to the ticket office．（1）If you are accepted as part of the audience by EZ Comedy Club，you can．A．perform thereB．watch a live showC．record your own comedies（2）Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the poster（海报）？A．The host of the show．B．The way to join the audience．C．Recording time and location．（3）We can infer（推断）from the poster that the show could be．A．very seriousB．quite funnyC．kind of boring第二节短文理解阅读下面的短文，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子．（共2小题，计20分）25．（10分）Recently，a junior high school sent several students back home because they broke the school uniform（校服）rules．Should students wear school uniforms？The Young World magazine held a discussion on this topic（话题）．Kennedy：The school uniform is very important，because it always reminds me that I am supposed to go out of my way to study hard．It also helps prevent school bullying（欺凌）．If everyone wears the same clothes，it is impossible to laugh at other people's clothing．Manson：The uniform has to be earned（获得）through efforts．Students should start school with no uniforms．As they make progress at school，they start wearing it．I always think children need to be proud of their school．The uniform is important for that．So，make students earn it! If they don't perform well，they should not be allowed to get one．Moorhead：In my opinion，kids don't have to wear uniforms．There should be more choices open to kids in education．They ought to develop their own independence and just be themselves．Their personalities would be expressed through their own clothes at school．And different dress could be one way of showing their understanding of beauty．Besides，they make the school lively and colorful．Patrick：I can see the advantages of wearing school uniforms．They play a very important role in managing schools．However，a school should not depend heavily on uniforms to improve students' behaviors．Teaching them how to express themselves with confidence（信心）is more important．（1）What does the writer mean to do in Paragraph 1？A．Present an opinion on a subject．B．Introduce a topic for discussion．C．Provide a way to solve problems．（2）What is Kennedy in the second paragraph？A．A student．B．A teacher．C．A parent．（3）In Manson's opinion，．A．students have the right to get school uniforms for freeB．students should be encouraged to earn school uniformsC．students performing well needn't wear school uniforms（4）According to Patrick，what is more important？A．Managing schools by uniforms．B．Improving students' behaviors．C．Helping students express themselves confidently．（5）We can learn from the text that．A．Kennedy can't stand school uniformsB．Moorhead is against school uniform rulesC．the writer holds the same opinion as Patrick's26．（10分）It is believed that Huck Finn is based on（基于）a childhood friend of Mark Twain's．In fact，Twain was not alone in basing a fictional character（虚构的角色）on a real ﹣life person．Severus Snape / John NettleshipSeverus Snape is a skillful wizard（巫师）teaching magic in Harry Potter．The writer，J．K．Rowling，once said that the character was based on a teacher of hers．The teacher turned out to be John Nettleship，who taught Rowling chemistry．At first，Nettleship felt surprised．"I know I am a strict teacher，" he said．"But I don't think I am asbad as Snape!" On second thoughts，however，he said that he was so ill﹣tempered that most of his students avoided making him mad．Also，he used to wear long hair and have an untidy lab．That sounds familiar to Harry Potter fans．Alice / Alice LiddellFamously，Lewis Carroll's Alice in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is based on Alice Liddell．Carroll was close to the Liddell family．One day，ten﹣year﹣old Alice asked Carroll to tell her a new story．Carroll began to create his famous tale of Alice and what happened after she fell through the rabbit hole．The little girl liked the story so much that she asked him to write it down．And the rest is history．Dill / Truman CapoteIn To Kill a Mockingbird，Harper Lee based Dill on her childhood friend，Truman Capote．Capote once said，"Lee was my best friend．Have you ever read To Kill a Mockingbird？I'm a character in that story! The story takes place just in the town where we lived!"（1）Snape and Nettleship have something in common EXCEPT．A．their jobsB．their looksC．their hobbies（2）What does the underlined word "ill﹣tempered " mean in Paragraph 3？A．沉着冷静的B．优柔寡断的C．脾气暴躁的（3）What made Carroll decide to create Alice's Adventures in Wonderland？A．Alice Liddell's requirement．B．His great interest in rabbits．C．His experience of travelling．（4）Being a character of To Kill a Mockingbird，Truman Capote felt．A．proudB．unsatisfiedC．surprised（5）The text is mainly about．A．purposes of writing fictional storiesB．introductions to famous writers' childhood friendsC．characters of fictional stories from real﹣life persons第三节语篇补全阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项补全短文．选项中有一项为多余选项．（共1小题，计8分）27．（8分）Summer is here．One of the best ways to cool off on a hot summer day is to jump intoa swimming pool．Swimming is great exercise，and a trip to a pool or beach is a good way tohave fun with friends．（1），so it's important to stay safe as you do it．Here are a few things you can do to swim safely．•Swim only in areas set for swimming．Don't swim unless there is a lifeguard（救生员）on duty．If you're on a beach near the ocean，this is especially important．In some places，fast currents（急流）can sweep swimmers away without warning．So if a sign says "no swimming"，please take care．•Be careful when diving（跳水）into the water headfirst．Most pools have deep ends where diving is safe．In natural water，don't dive unless you know that the water is deep enough．（2），causing injury（伤害）or death．•Make sure you have a partner with you．Nobody knows what will happen while you are swimming．If something goes wrong，you can get help from that person as soon as possible．In this situation，（3）．•Pay close attention to children's safety．Kids who don't know how to swim should wear life jackets．But by themselves they arenot enough，（4）．If you have a pool at home，put a fence（围栏）around it in case children fall in．And if a child disappears，check the pool first．A．skilled kids may forget green handsB．so an adult should always be presentC．But swimming can also be dangerousD．a few seconds can make a big differenceE．Or you could hit your head on the bottom第四节阅读表达阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题．（共1小题，计10分）28．（10分）I am Canadian．I started learning French when I was 10 years old．But my whole experience with the language was in the classroom．All of that changed，however，during my last summer of high school．As a 17﹣year﹣old girl，I flew across the country by myself for the first time! I headed for Quebec to live in the province with a French﹣speaking host family，who didn't speak any English．And I would learn French at a local school．On the first day of school，all of us students were given a test to determine（测定）our language level．We were required to speak only French all summer．I made every effort to communicate in a second language by making new friends，seeingmovies and even ordering food from restaurants in French．Though I couldn't understand most of it at the very beginning，the whole experience was exciting and refreshing．On weekends，my classmates and I took trips to different places around the province．On one trip，we went whale watching on the St．Lawrence River．Even though it was raining，we could see huge whales swimming around our boat．The most memorable part of our trip was a visit to historic Quebec City．I walked along the stone streets，took pictures of the European﹣style（欧式的）buildings，and learned some stories there．Finally my efforts paid off! At the end of the summer，I was able to communicate pretty well．I couldn't wait to go back to school and talk with my French teacher．Being fully immersed（沉浸）in a French﹣speaking environment was a valuable learning experience．And it could be the main reason for my improvement in French．（1）When did the writer fly alone for the first time？（2）How did the local school determine the students' language level？（3）Did the writer enjoy the experience of communicating in French？（4）What did the writer think of the visit to historic Quebec City？（5）What could be the main reason for the writer's improvement in French？IV．写作技能（三部分，共1小题，计32分）第一节语篇翻译阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文．（共1小题，计10分）29．（10分）Do you enjoy hitting the books？It doesn't mean you enjoy beating your books with your hand．That may be reasonable if you don't understand something inside your books．Hitting the books just means that you are studying hard．You can learn a lot when you hit the books．（1）Especially before exams，most students spend a lot of time hitting the books to get good grades．This is just one example of expressions that can't be understood by taking them apart（分开）word by word．Expressions like this are called idioms（习语）．They are an important part of a culture's language．Languages and cultures are closely connected．One example of an idiom in the Chinese language is "dui niu tan qin"，or "to play the lute（拨弦乐器）to a cow．" （2）这意味着某人在说话或写作时不考虑其听众或读者．Let's get back to idioms that begin with the word "hit"．（3）There are many of them in English，but it's not that easy for you to understand．One common idiom you may hear in English is "hit the road"．It means to leave or to go．You can say，"Hey，I need to hit the road．Can we talk about this another time？" Or simply，"It's time to hit the road．" When you are tired and you want to go to bed，you can say，"I need to hit the hay（干草）．" It means you want to go to sleep．（4）That's because a bed was often a big bag with hay inside in the past．（5）习语使你的语言生动而有趣．Let's hit the road to learn some and try to use them．（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）第二节情景交际通读下面的对话，根据上下文补全对话内容．（共1小题，计10分）30．（10分）A：Hey，Joy．This is Steve，calling from the Tianmenshan Mountain of Zhangjiajie!B：Hi，Steve．You are already in Zhangjiajie？! Great to hear you! So （1）？A：Oh，amazing! You know，Zhangjiajie is famous for its steep（陡峭的）mountains，which are quite different from those in our country．B：Really？（2）？A：No．Instead of walking，we took the cable car（缆车）．B：That was also an exciting experience，I suppose．（3）？A：For five days．My dad will have an important meeting next Monday．Work comes first．B：What a pity! Given more time，you could visit more places of interest．How about the food there？A：（4）! As a real foodie（吃货），I enjoy all kinds of traditional food here．And so do my family．B：You do？A：Yes．And tomorrow we are going to visit Huanglongdong．It is said to be one of the most beautiful karst caves（溶洞）in the world and it has interested so many travellers．B：Fantastic! Could you please tell me more about it when you are back？A：（5）．I'll see you in a few days．Talk to you soon．B：Thank you．Have a nice journey!第三节书面表达（计12分）31．（12分）假如你是李华，你们班输了上周的篮球赛．Henry认为是他未能投进最后一球所造成的，有的队友也因此而责怪他．请你写一封英文邮件安慰他，谈谈你对此事的看法，并就如何取得队友的理解提出建议．要求：（1）80词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；（3）信中不得出现真实人名和校名．Dear Henry，I learned that you are feeling sorry and upset because of losing the basketballgame________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________2019年湖南长沙市中考英语试卷答案与解析I．听力技能（两部分，共5小题，计20分）第一节听下面5段对话．每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题．听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．（共5小题，计5分）1．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略2．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略3．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略4．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略5．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略第二节听下面6段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有2-3个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题．听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．（共6小题，计15分）6．【分析】略【解答】AC【点评】略7．【分析】略【解答】BA【点评】略8．【分析】略【解答】CC【点评】略9．【分析】略【解答】CAB【点评】略10．【分析】略【解答】ABC【点评】略11．【分析】略【解答】AAC【点评】略II．知识运用（两部分，共10小题，计20分）第一节语法填空从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案填空．（共10小题，计10分）12．【分析】在橘子岛上进行野外旅行是多么有趣啊！【解答】根据句子结构可知是感叹句，在感叹句中，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词/副词，语境中fun是不可数名词，乐趣，句型结构为：What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语动词！故选：A．【点评】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答13．【分析】一直努力，你可能会很惊讶地发现你所隐藏的潜能．【解答】A表示但是，B表示和，C表示或者．根据题干可知一直努力，你可能会很惊讶地发现你所隐藏的潜能，该句是"祈使句，and/or陈述句"，且句子前后是并列顺承关系，则应用and．故选：B．【点评】本题考查连词辨析，基础题，熟悉所给单词的含义，再根据题干即可作出选择．14．【分析】昨天我们的校长发表了关于环境保护的演讲，我们学到了一些回收废物的方法．【解答】on"关于、在…之上、在…时候"；to"朝、到、对于"；at"在、以、向"，三者都是介词．．由题干"昨天我们的校长发表了关于环境保护的演讲，我们学到了一些回收废物的方法．"可知，空格是"关于"，用on，因此答案应是on．故选：A．【点评】本题考查时间介词的用法，在熟知所供词的含义基础上，根据句意，从而判断出正确答．15．【分析】﹣﹣我找不到莎拉．她在哪里？﹣﹣她正在为明天的兴城杯演讲比赛做准备．【解答】根据问句"我找不到莎拉．她在哪里？"结合答句可知用现在进行时，句意：她正在为明天的兴城杯演讲比赛做准备．故选：C．【点评】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答16．【分析】非常抱歉，由于错拿了你的校服体血衫．不过我的在哪？﹣﹣别急，我帮助你找到．【解答】yours 你的，mine我的；his他的，名词性物主代词，相当于一个形容词性物主代词加上名词的意思．从非常抱歉，由于错拿了你的校服体血衫．不过我的在哪？故用mine．故选：C．【点评】解答本题的关键是正确区分和使用物主代词．17．【分析】我在国外住了几年．但我从来没有后悔过我做出的回到祖国的决定．【解答】本题考查的是一般过去时的相关知识．所给的时态：A．am living 现在进行时；B．lived 一般过去时；C．have lived 现在完成时（现在已经不在国外住了，也没有强调国外居住对说话时的影响，所以不能选此答案）．分析：从but后的句意可知说话人已经不再国外住了，因此在国外住已经是过去了，应该用过去时．故选：B．【点评】解答本题时，要正确区分一般过去时和现在完成时的用法．18．【分析】﹣﹣完美的照片！很好的技巧！﹣﹣谢谢．我的华为手机拍的照片．事实上，我根本没有技巧．【解答】主语they指代photos，与动词take是被动关系，拍照片发生在过去，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，was/were +过去分词故选：B．【点评】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答19．【分析】两个物理问题，玛莎刚刚做出不太难的那道．【解答】根据句意：两个物理问题，玛莎刚刚做出不太难的那道．Of the two是两者作比较，用比较级．less difficult不那么难．故选：C．【点评】熟悉形容词比较级和最高级的用法，结合题意，给出答案．20．【分析】中国越来越擅长制造高科技产品，它们可以在世界各地买到．【解答】根据句意：中国越来越擅长制造高科技产品，它们可以在世界各地买到．考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是products，指物，作主语，关系代词用which．故选：B．【点评】熟悉关系代词的基本用法，结合题意，给出答案．21．【分析】生活就像一个故事．重要的不是它有多长，而是它有多好．【解答】根据句子结构可知是感叹句，what修饰名词，排除C选项；how修饰形容词/副词，How+形容词+主语+谓语！故选：A．【点评】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答第二节词语填空通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案．（共1小题，计10分）22．【分析】我对感恩节期待已久，不料爸爸在感恩节的前一天说感恩节的时候要到收容所去帮助那里的人做事情，我很不情愿．后来的事情证明，这是一个难以忘记的感恩节．【解答】（1）B考查代词；Something某事；Everything一切事情；Nothing没有什么事情．根据The menu（菜谱）had been set．The shopping list was made．因此可知这句话的意思是"一切似乎都是那么完美．"故选B．（2）A考查动词．wait等待；care关心；understand理解．根据上文"Pictures of different pies，fruit and vegetables came into my mind．" couldn't wait是固定搭配，意思是"等不及了"因此可知这句话的意思是"我迫不及待了．"故选A．（3）C考查形容词．creative有创造力的；nervous紧张的；thankful感激的．根据上文"Theday before Thanksgiving my dad called a family meeting．"因此可知这句话的意思是"我们要练习一下如何感恩．"故选C．（4）B考查动词短语．rush out冲出去；help out帮助…做事；check out结账．根据空格后面的词语是"at a homeless shelter（收容所）"因此可知这句话的意思是"我们在感恩节的时候将要帮助收容所的人做些事．"故选B．（5）A考查副词．early早地；late晚的；suddenly突然．根据下文"my sleepy eyes"因此可知这句话的意思是"第二天早上，我们起的很早．"故选A．（6）C考查形容词．excited兴奋的；good好的；down 沮丧的．根据上文" I had no great expectations"因此可知这句话的意思是"我对此没有大的期望，一路上感到很沮丧．"故选C．（7）B考查动词．appeared出现；disappeared消失；rose举起．根据下文"Over the next few hours，I watched hundreds of people come through the shelter．For some，this was the only hot meal they would eat that week．For others，it was the first time to eat a Thanksgiving meal．" 因此可知这句话的意思是"然而，这些想法很快就消失了．"故选B．（8）B考查名词．stress压力；joy快乐；fear恐惧．根据上文"For some，this was the only hot meal they would eat that week．For others，it was the first time to eat a Thanksgiving meal．"因此可知这句话的意思是"这个收容所充满了快乐．"故选B．（9）A考查动词．give给；take拿走；waste浪费．根据上文"When I gave up what I had wanted，I discovered how much I have．"因此可知这句话的意思是"给予要比收到更好一些．"（10）C考查形容词．uncomfortable不舒服的；unreasonable不合理的；unforgettable难忘的．根据上文" Through this experience，I learned that Thanksgiving is a time to think about your blessings（祝福）and look for ways to bless others．"因此可知这句话的意思是"最后这个感恩节成了一个难以忘却的经历．"故选C．【点评】首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，从中找出最符合短文的选项，就可以确定正确答案．Ⅲ．阅读技能（四部分，共2小题，计48分）第一节图表理解阅读下面的图表，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子．（共2小题，计10分）23．【分析】本文介绍了Y um饭店的菜单、价格和营业时间等．【解答】1．C．细节理解题．根据"Lunch served 12：30 ﹣2：30 p．m．Dinner served6；00 ﹣9：00 p．m．"可知，午饭在12：30到下午2：30提供，晚饭在晚上6点到9点提供，共营业5个小时．故选C．2．A．细节理解题．根据"All starters are served with bread and butter"可知，所有的开胃菜都配上面包和黄油，所以说通过上面的菜单，我们知道面包和黄油是和开胃菜一起的．故选A．【点评】阅读中注意文后的问题，然后带着问题再读短文，找出与答题内容相关语句，反复阅读，反复分析，然后确定答案．阅读中要善于从短文信息中总结推测出所需答案，注意所填答案与短文中相关语句的关系，与相关单词短语的关系．24．【分析】本文主要为脱口秀节目进行广告．【解答】（1）B．细节理解题．根据The greatest live show ever is coming to town!可知，最宏大的节目就要到我们镇，可知成为观众可以观看现场节目．故选：B．（2）A．细节理解题．根据Recording Time Friday，July 12th，2019．录制时间星期五，2019年7月12日；Recording Location（位置）361，3rd Ave，New Haven，CT．录制地点为：361，3rd Ave，New Haven，CT．因此，本文谈到了节目录制的时间和地点．根据How to join the audience？Please email us the following information at．可知，怎样加入？请发送邮件．可知本文谈到了怎样加入这个节目组．这样只能选A项．故选：A．（3）B．细节推断题．根据you'll have an amazing afternoon at EZ Comedy Club!你在EZ Comedy Club，将会有一个神奇的下午．可知，这个节目会很有趣．故选：B．【点评】阅读中注意文后的问题，然后带着问题再读短文，找出与答题内容相关语句，反复阅读，反复分析，然后确定答案．阅读中要善于从短文信息中总结推测出所需答案，注意所填答案与短文中相关语句的关系，与相关单词短语的关系．第二节短文理解阅读下面的短文，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子．（共2小题，计20分）25．【分析】《青年世界》杂志就学生是否应该穿校服这个话题展开了讨论．不同的人对此有不同的看法．文章介绍了几种观点．【解答】1．B．细节理解题．根据文中"Should students wear school uniforms"可知，学生是否应该穿校服？故知本段目的是引出话题，故选B．2．A．细节理解题．根据文中"The school uniform is very important，because it always reminds me that I am supposed to go out of my way to study hard"可知，校服很重要，因为它总是提醒我，我应该尽最大努力学习．故知他是个学生．故选A．3．B．细节理解题．根据文中"The uniform has to be earned（获得）through efforts"可知，必须通过努力来获得校服．故选B．4．C．细节理解题．根据文中"Teaching them how to express themselves with confidence （信心）is more important"可知，教他们怎样自信地表达自己的观点更重要．故选C．5．B．推理判断题．根据文中"In my opinion，kids don't have to wear uniforms"和"There should be more choices open to kids in education "可知，我认为，儿童不必穿校服．儿童教育中应该给予更多选择，故知他反对校服制度．故选B．【点评】首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案．26．【分析】有很多作者就像马克•吐温一样是根据生活中的真实人物创作作品中的人物的．本文说的是几组作品中的人物与真实人物．【解答】1．C．细节理解题．根据文中"Also，he used to wear long hair and have an untidy lab"可知，他（内特尔希普）还经常留长发，实验室乱糟糟．故选C．2．C．词义理解与猜测题．根据文中"On second thoughts，however，he said that he was so ill﹣tempered that most of his students avoided making him mad"可知，他重新考虑后说，自己脾气很坏，大多数学生避免使他生气．故知"ill﹣tempered"意思是"脾气很坏的"，3．A．细节理解题．根据文中"One day，ten﹣year﹣old Alice asked Carroll to tell her a new story"和"Carroll began to create his famous tale of Alice and what happened after she fell through the rabbit hole"可知，有一天，10岁的爱丽丝请卡罗尔给她讲个故事．卡罗尔开始创作著名的爱丽丝童话，以及在她跌进兔子洞之后发生的事情．故选A．4．A．细节理解题．根据文中"I'm a character in that story"和"The story takes place just in the town where we lived"可知，我是故事中的人物，故事就发生于我们居住的城镇．故知杜鲁门•卡波特感到很骄傲．故选A．5．C．主旨大意题．根据文中"In fact，Twain was not alone in basing a fictional character （虚构的角色）on a real﹣life person"可知，有很多作者就像马克•吐温一样是根据生活中的真实人物创作作品中的人物的．故知本文说的是作品中的人物与真实人物．故选C．【点评】首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案．第三节语篇补全阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项补全短文．选项中有一项为多余选项．（共1小题，计8分）。
2019年长沙市中考物理试题、答案(解析版)
2019年长沙市中考物理试题、答案（解析版）一、选择题（本大题包括12小题，每小题3分，共36分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1.鸟鸣清脆如玉，琴声婉转悠扬，声音对我们来说再熟悉不过了，下列关于声现象的说法正确的是（）A.发声的琴弦在振动B.长而粗的琴弦与短而细的琴弦发出声音的音调相同C.悠扬的琴声无论在什么情况下都属于乐音D.布谷鸟的叫声让我们感知季节的更替，说明声音能传递能量2.“一河诗画，满城烟花”，2019年浏阳国际烟花节的焰火惊艳全球。
下列说法中正确的是（）A.焰火属于自然光源B.焰火在水中的倒影是光的折射现象C.先看到焰火后听到爆炸声，说明声速比光速快D.焰火把人影照在地面上，人影是光沿直线传播形成的3.“二十四节气”是中华民族智慧的结晶，有关节气的谚语，下列分析正确的是（）A.“惊蛰云不停，寒到五月中”，云的形成是升华现象B.“伏天三场雨，薄地长好麻”，雨的形成是凝固现象C.“霜降有霜，米谷满仓”，霜的形成是凝华现象D.“小寒冻土，大寒冻河”，河水结冰是熔化现象4.指南针是我国古代的四大发明之一，有关指南针和地磁场的说法正确的是（）A.指南针静止时指示南北方向，是因为指南针受到地磁场的作用B.指南针静止时南极指向地理北极C.如果地磁场消失，指南针还能指示南北方向D.信鸽是靠绑在身上的小磁铁来实现导航的5.下列操作能使图中的小灯泡L和2L组成串联电路的是（）1A .闭合开关1S 、2S 和3SB .只闭合开关1S 和2SC .只闭合开关2S 和3SD .只闭合开关3S6.下列关于测量仪器的分析正确的是（ ）A .水银温度计利用了液体热胀冷缩的原理B .托盘天平利用了省力杠杆的原理C .电能表利用电流的热效应工作D .液体压强计利用了连通器的原理7.“端午节”吃粽子的习俗中，蕴含了丰富的物理知识。
下列说法中正确的是（ ） A .煮粽子的过程利用做功的方法提高了粽子的内能 B .闻到粽子的香味表明分子在不停地做无规则的运动 C .剥粽子时总有一些糯米粘到粽叶上，是因为分子间存在斥力 D .蒸粽子时用的铁锅的比热容比水的大8.电给人类带来了极大的便利，但不正确用电也会带来很大的危害，甚至会危及生命，下列做法符合安全用电原则的是（ ）A .使用试电笔时用手指抵住笔尖金属体B .在高压线下钓鱼C .在家庭电路中使用绝缘层老化破损的导线D .搬动电器前先断开电源开关9.下列有关机械能及其转化的说法正确的是（ ）A .弯弓射箭，箭的动能转化为弓的弹性势能B .拦河大坝使上游的水位升高，提高了水的重力势能C .蹦床运动员从高处落下，其动能转化为重力势能D .人造卫星从近地点飞向远地点时势能减小，动能增大10.如图所示，穿着早冰鞋的小玲用手推墙后，她由静止开始向后退。
英语_2019年湖南长沙市中考英语试卷(含答案)
2019年湖南长沙市中考英语试卷II．知识运用（两部分，共10小题，计20分）第一节语法填空从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案填空．（共10小题，计10分）1. _______ fun it is to have a field trip on the Orange Island!（）A WhatB What aC How2. Keep trying, ______ you might surprisingly find hidden abilities within you.A butB andC or3. Yesterday our headmaster made a speech ______ environmental protection, and we learned something about recycling of waste.A onB atC to4. ﹣﹣﹣ I can't find Sarah． Where is she？﹣﹣﹣She ______ for tomorrow's Xingcheng Cup speaking competition at home．（）A preparesB will prepareC is preparing5. —So sorry, I took your school T-shirt by mistake. But where is ______?—Don't worry. Let me help you find it.A yoursB hisC mine6. I ______ abroad for several years， but I have never regretted my final decision to move back to my motherland．（）A am livingB livedC have lived7. —Perfect photos! Good skills!—Thank you. They ______ by my Huawei mobile phone. In fact, I am not skillful at all.A tookB were takenC will be taken8. Of the two physics problems, Mike just finished ______ one.A the most difficultB the least difficultC the less difficult9. China is getting better at making hi-tech products ______ can be bought in all parts of the world.A whoB whichC what10. Life is like a story． What matters is not how long it is but______．（）A how good it isB how good is itC what good it is第二节词语填空通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案．（共1小题，计10分）11. Thanksgiving was just around the corner． The menu（菜谱）had been set． The shopping list was made．（1）_______ seemed perfect． I could taste turkey and mashed potatoes（火鸡和土豆泥）． Pictures of different pies, fruit and vegetables came into my mind． I couldn't （2）_______!The day before Thanksgiving my dad called a family meeting． He said we needed to practice being （3）_______． "We are going to （4）_______ at a homeless shelter（收容所）on Thanksgiving Day．" I couldn't believe this was happening． So we wouldn't cook our own Thanksgiving dinner? The holiday wouldn't be the same． I thought the day would be ruined（糟蹋）．The next morning, we got up （5）_______． I followed my father to the shelter with mysleepy eyes． I had no great expectations and felt （6）_______ all the way． As soon as we arrived, we got to work． There was so much to be done． But all I could think about was the dinner I couldn't enjoy．However, those thoughts soon （7）_______． Over the next few hours, I watched hundreds of people come through the shelter． For some, this was the only hot meal they would eat that week． For others, it was the first time to eat a Thanksgiving meal． The shelter was filled with （8）_______．Through this experience, I learned that Thanksgiving is a time to think about your blessings（祝福）and look for ways to bless others． When I gave up what I had wanted, I discovered how much I have． It is much better to （9）_______ than to receive． In the end, that Thanksgiving became an （10）_______ experience．（1）A SomethingB EverythingC Nothing（2）A waitB careC understand（3）A creativeB nervousC thankful（4）A rush outB help outC check out（5）A earlyB lateC suddenly（6）A excitedB goodC down（7）A appearedB disappearedC rose（8）A stressB joyC fear（9）A giveB takeC waste（10）A uncomfortableB unreasonableC unforgettableⅢ．阅读技能（四部分，共2小题，计48分）第一节图表理解阅读下面的图表，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子．（共2小题，计10分）（1）The Yum Restaurant stays open for ________ in total（总共）.A two hoursB three hoursC five hours（2）From the menu above, we know that ________.A bread and butter goes with startersB there are four kinds of different icecream C the desserts are available（可得到的）for both lunch and dinner（1）If you are accepted as part of the audience by EZ Comedy Club，you can________．A perform thereB watch a live showC record your own comedies．（2）Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the poster（海报）？________A The host of the show．B The way to join the audience．C Recording time and location．．（3）We can infer（推断）from the poster that the show could be________．A very seriousB quite funnyC kind of boring．第二节短文理解阅读下面的短文，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子．（共2小题，计20分）14. Recently, a junior high school sent several students back home because they broke the school uniform（校服）rules． Should students wear school uniforms? The Young World magazine held a discussion on this topic（话题）．Kennedy: The school uniform is very important, because it always reminds me that I am supposed to go out of my way to study hard． It also helps prevent school bullying（欺凌）． If everyone wears the same clothes, it is impossible to laugh at other people's clothing． Manson: The uniform has to be earned（获得）through efforts． Students should start school with no uniforms． As they make progress at school, they start wearing it． I always think children need to be proud of their school． The uniform is important forthat． So, make students earn it! If they don't perform well, they should not be allowed to get one．Moorhead: In my opinion, kids don't have to wear uniforms． There should be more choices open to kids in education． They ought to develop their own independence and just be themselves．Their personalities would be expressed through their own clothes at school． And different dress could be one way of showing their understanding of beauty． Besides, they make the school lively and colorful．Patrick: I can see the advantages of wearing school uniforms． They play a very important role in managing schools． However, a school should not depend heavily on uniforms to improve students' behaviors． Teaching them how to express themselves with confidence（信心）is more important．（1）What does the writer mean to do in Paragraph 1？________A Present an opinion on a subject．B Introduce a topic for discussion．C Provide a way to solve problems．．（2）What is Kennedy in the second paragraph？________A A student．B A teacher．C A parent．．（3）In Manson's opinion，________．A students have the right to get school uniforms for freeB students should be encouraged to earn school uniformsC students performing well needn't wear school uniforms．（4）According to Patrick， what is more important？________A Managing schools by uniforms．B Improving students' behaviors．C Helping students express themselves confidently．．（5）We can learn from the text that________．A Kennedy can't stand school uniformsB Moorhead is against school uniformrules C the writer holds the same opinion as Patrick's．15. It is believed that Huck Finn is based on（基于）a childhood friend of MarkTwain's． In fact, Twain was not alone in basing a fictional character（虚构的角色）on a real﹣life person．Severus Snape / John NettleshipSeverus Snape is a skillful wizard（巫师）teaching magic in Harry Potter． Thewriter, J．K． Rowling, once said that the character was based on a teacher of hers．The teacher turned out to be John Nettleship, who taught Rowling chemistry． Atfirst, Nettleship felt surprised． "I know I am a strict teacher, " he said． "But I don't think I am as bad as Snape!" On second thoughts, however, he said that he was so ________that most of his students avoided making him mad． Also, he used to wear long hair and have an untidy lab． That sounds familiar to Harry Potter fans．Alice / Alice LiddellFamously, Lewis Carroll's Alice in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is based on Alice Liddell．Carroll was close to the Liddell family． One day, ten﹣year﹣old Alice asked Carroll to tell her a new story． Carroll began to create his famous tale of Alice and what happened after she fell through the rabbit hole． The little girl liked the story so much that she asked him to write it down． And the rest is history．Dill / Truman CapoteIn To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee based Dill on her childhood friend, Truman Capote． Capote once said, "Lee was my best friend． Have you ever read To Kill a Mockingbird? I'm a character in that story! The story takes place just in the town where we lived!"（1）Snape and Nettleship have something in common EXCEPT________．A their jobsB their looksC their hobbies．（2）What does the underlined word "ill﹣tempered " mean in Paragraph 3？________A 沉着冷静的B 优柔寡断的C 脾气暴躁的．（3）What made Carroll decide to create Alice's Adventures in Wonderland？________A Alice Liddell's requirement．B His great interest in rabbits．C His experience of travelling．．（4）Being a character of To Kill a Mockingbird， Truman Capote felt________．A proudB unsatisfiedC surprised．（5）The text is mainly about________．A purposes of writing fictional storiesB introductions to famous writers' childhoodfriends C characters of fictional stories from real﹣life persons．第三节语篇补全阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项补全短文．选项中有一项为多余选项．（共1小题，计8分）16. Summer is here． One of the best ways to cool off on a hot summer day is to jump into a swimming pool． Swimming is great exercise， and a trip to a pool or beach is a good way to have fun with friends．（1）_______， so it's important to stay safe as you do it． Here are a few things you can do to swim safely．• Swim only in ar eas set for swimming．Don't swim unless there is a lifeguard（救生员）on duty． If you're on a beach near the ocean， this is especially important． In some places， fast currents（急流）can sweep swimmers away without warning． So if a sign says "no swimming"， please take care．• Be careful when diving（跳水）into the water headfirst．Most pools have deep ends where diving is safe． In natural water， don't dive unless you know that the water is deep enough．（2）_______， causing injury（伤害）or death．• Make sure you have a partne r with you．Nobody knows what will happen while you are swimming． If something goes wrong， you can get help from that person as soon as possible． In this situation，（3）_______．• Pay close attention to children's safety．Kids who don't know how to swim should wear life jackets． But by themselves they are not enough，（4）_______． If you have a pool at home， put a fence（围栏）around it in case children fall in． And if a child disappears， check the pool first．第四节阅读表达阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题．（共1小题，计10分）17.阅读下面的材料，然后根据材料内容回答问题。
【真题】2019年长沙市中考英语试卷含答案(Word版)
A. Her parents.B. Her friends.C. Her cousins.
2. Whatห้องสมุดไป่ตู้does the girl think of dogs?
A.friendly.B. Cute.C. Helpful.
听第六段对话，回答第6、7小题
6. What time did Jack get to school yesterday?
A. At 7:30 a.m.B. At 8:00 a.m.C. At 8:30 a.m.
7. Why was Jack late for school yesterday?
A. Becauseof a storm.
B.Tell the listeners interesting stories.
C.Visit the lab building with the listeners.
19.When wil1 a party be held for the 1isteners?
A.On Monday morning.B.On Tuesday evening. C.On Wednesday morning
长沙市初中毕业学业水平考试试卷
英语
试卷分四个部分，共8页，76小题，时量120分钟，满分120分.
Ⅰ.所力技能(两部分，共20小题，计20分)
第一节听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选
出最佳选项回答问题。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.(共5小题，计5分〉
一Sorry，Mum. I'll stop right away.
2019年湖南省长沙市中考物理试卷
2019年湖南省长沙市中考物理试卷一、选择题（共12小题，每小题3分，满分36分）1. 鸟鸣清脆如玉，琴声婉转悠扬，声音对我们来说再熟悉不过了，下列关于声现象的说法正确的是（）A.发声的琴弦在振动B.长而粗的琴弦与短而细的琴弦发出声音的音调相同C.悠扬的琴声无论在什么情况下都属于乐音D.布谷鸟的叫声让我们感知季节的更替，说明声音能传递能量2. “一河诗画，满城烟花”，2019年浏阳国际烟花节的焰火惊艳全球。
下列说法中正确的是（）A.焰火属于自然光源B.焰火在水中的倒影是光的折射现象C.先看到焰火后听到爆炸声，说明声速比光速快D.焰火把人影照在地面上，人影是光沿直线传播形成的3. “二十四节气”是中华民族智慧的结晶，有关节气的谚语，下列分析正确的是（）A.“惊蛰云不停，寒到五月中”，云的形成是升华现象B.“伏天三场雨，薄地长好麻”，雨的形成是凝固现象C.“霜降有霜，米谷满仓”，霜的形成是凝华现象D.“小寒冻土，大寒冻河”，河水结冰是熔化现象4. 指南针是我国古代的四大发明之一，有关指南针和地磁场的说法正确的是（）A.指南针静止时指示南北方向，是因为指南针受到地磁场的作用B.指南针静止时南极指向地理北极C.如果地磁场消失，指南针还能指示南北方向D.信鸽是靠绑在身上的小磁铁来实现导航的5. 下列操作能使图中的小灯泡L1和L2组成串联电路的是（）A.闭合开关S1、S2和S3B.只闭合开关S1和S2C.只闭合开关S2和S3D.只闭合开关S36. 下列关于测量仪器的分析正确的是（）A.水银温度计利用了液体热胀冷缩的原理B.托盘天平利用了省力杠杆的原理C.电能表利用电流的热效应工作D.液体压强计利用了连通器的原理7. “端午节”吃粽子的习俗中，蕴含了丰富的物理知识。
下列说法中正确的是（）A.煮粽子的过程利用做功的方法提高了粽子的内能B.闻到粽子的香味表明分子在不停地做无规则的运动C.剥粽子时总有一些糯米粘到粽叶上，是因为分子间存在斥力D.蒸粽子时用的铁锅的比热容比水的大8. 电给人类带来了极大的便利，但不正确用电也会带来很大的危害，甚至会危及生命，下列做法符合安全用电原则的是（）A.使用试电笔时用手指抵住笔尖金属体B.在高压线下钓鱼C.在家庭电路中使用绝缘层老化破损的导线D.搬动电器前先断开电源开关9. 下列有关机械能及其转化的说法正确的是（）A.弯弓射箭，箭的动能转化为弓的弹性势能B.拦河大坝使上游的水位升高，提高了水的重力势能C.蹦床运动员从高处落下，其动能转化为重力势能D.人造卫星从近地点飞向远地点时势能减小，动能增大10. 如图所示，穿着早冰鞋的小玲用手推墙后，她由静止开始向后退。
2019年湖南省长沙市中考物理试卷-(含答案)
2019年湖南省长沙市中考物理试卷一、选择题（共12小题，每小题3分，满分36分）1．鸟鸣清脆如玉，琴声婉转悠扬，声音对我们来说再熟悉不过了，下列关于声现象的说法正确的是（）A．发声的琴弦在振动B．长而粗的琴弦与短而细的琴弦发出声音的音调相同C．悠扬的琴声无论在什么情况下都属于乐音D．布谷鸟的叫声让我们感知季节的更替，说明声音能传递能量2．“一河诗画，满城烟花”，2019年浏阳国际烟花节的焰火惊艳全球。
下列说法中正确的是（）A．焰火属于自然光源B．焰火在水中的倒影是光的折射现象C．先看到焰火后听到爆炸声，说明声速比光速快D．焰火把人影照在地面上，人影是光沿直线传播形成的3．“二十四节气”是中华民族智慧的结晶，有关节气的谚语，下列分析正确的是（）A．“惊蛰云不停，寒到五月中”，云的形成是升华现象B．“伏天三场雨，薄地长好麻”，雨的形成是凝固现象C．“霜降有霜，米谷满仓”，霜的形成是凝华现象D．“小寒冻土，大寒冻河”，河水结冰是熔化现象4．指南针是我国古代的四大发明之一，有关指南针和地磁场的说法正确的是（）A．指南针静止时指示南北方向，是因为指南针受到地磁场的作用B．指南针静止时南极指向地理北极C．如果地磁场消失，指南针还能指示南北方向D．信鸽是靠绑在身上的小磁铁来实现导航的5．下列操作能使图中的小灯泡L1和L2组成串联电路的是（）A．闭合开关S1、S2和S3B．只闭合开关S1和S2C．只闭合开关S2和S3D．只闭合开关S36．下列关于测量仪器的分析正确的是（）A．水银温度计利用了液体热胀冷缩的原理B．托盘天平利用了省力杠杆的原理C．电能表利用电流的热效应工作D．液体压强计利用了连通器的原理7．“端午节”吃粽子的习俗中，蕴含了丰富的物理知识。
下列说法中正确的是（）A．煮粽子的过程利用做功的方法提高了粽子的内能B．闻到粽子的香味表明分子在不停地做无规则的运动C．剥粽子时总有一些糯米粘到粽叶上，是因为分子间存在斥力D．蒸粽子时用的铁锅的比热容比水的大8．电给人类带来了极大的便利，但不正确用电也会带来很大的危害，甚至会危及生命，下列做法符合安全用电原则的是（）A．使用试电笔时用手指抵住笔尖金属体B．在高压线下钓鱼C．在家庭电路中使用绝缘层老化破损的导线D．搬动电器前先断开电源开关9．下列有关机械能及其转化的说法正确的是（）A．弯弓射箭，箭的动能转化为弓的弹性势能B．拦河大坝使上游的水位升高，提高了水的重力势能C．蹦床运动员从高处落下，其动能转化为重力势能D．人造卫星从近地点飞向远地点时势能减小，动能增大10．如图所示，穿着早冰鞋的小玲用手推墙后，她由静止开始向后退。
2022年湖南省长沙市中考英语试卷(真题)
2019年湖南省长沙市中考英语试题单项选择（共10题,共 10 分）1.（1分）____ fun it is to have a field trip on the Orange Island!A. WhatB. What aC. How2.（1分）Keep trying, ____ you might surprisingly find hidden abilities within you.A. butB. andC. or3.（1分）Yesterday our headmaster made a speech ____ environmental protection, and we learned something about recycling of waste.A. onB. atC. to4.（1分）— I can't find Sarah. Where is she?— She ____ for tomorrow's Xingcheng Cup Speaking Competition at home.A. preparesB. will prepareC. is preparing5.（1分）— So sorry, I took your school T-shirt by mistake. But where is ____?— Don't worry. Let me help you find it.A. yoursB. hisC. mine6.（1分）I ____ abroad for several years, but I have never regretted my final decision to move back to my motherland.A. am livingB. livedC. have lived7.（1分）— Perfect photos! Good skills!— Thank you. They ____ by my Huawei mobile phone. In fact, I am not skillful at all.A. tookB. were takenC. will be taken8.（1分）Of the two physics problems, Martha just finished ____ one.A. the most difficultB. the least difficultC. the less difficult9.（1分）China is getting better at making hi-tech products ____ can be bought in all parts of the world.A. whoB. whichC. what10.（1分）Life is like a story. What matters is not how long it is but ____.A. how good it isB. how good is itC. what good it is完形填空（共1题,10小题。
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B．食：我们吃蔬菜、水果，主要是为了补充蛋白质
C．住：住房装修材料挥发出来的甲醛等物质对人体没有危害
D．行：修建高速公路所用的沥青属于有机合成材料
14．推理是学习化学知识的一种常用方法。下列推理错误的是
A．原子是不显电性的粒子，不显电性的粒子不一定是原子
C．高温时，碳与氧化铜反应，生成铜和二氧化碳
D．向硫酸铜溶液中加入氢氧化钠溶液，产生白色沉淀
12．常温下，我们身边一些物质的近似pH范围如下：
物质
牙膏
鸡蛋清
酱油
食醋
pH
8~9
7~8
4~5
2~3
其中酸性最强的是
A．牙膏B．鸡蛋清C．酱油D．食醋
13．化学就在我们身边，人类的衣、食、住、行都离不开化学。下列有关说法中正确的是
A．严禁携带易燃、易爆物品乘坐火车
B．遭遇火灾，如果火势较大，立即拨打119电话报警
C．生活中常用水来灭火，其原理是降低可燃物的着火点
D．从火场中逃生时，应有序撤离着火区域
9．“中国智造”、“一带一路”的基础建设都需要用到大量钢铁。下列有关钢铁的说法正确的是
A．钢是纯净物，生铁是混合物B．钢铁在潮湿的空气中容易生锈
7．小明在学完“二氧化碳和一氧化碳”后，对有关知识进行了归纳和整理，其中合理的是
A．CO2和CO都是由碳元素和氧元素组成B．CO2和CO都有毒
C．CO2和CO都有可燃性D．CO2和CO都能用于冶炼金属
8．2019年5月12日是我国第11个“防灾减灾日”，了解防灾减灾的相关知识，有利于
保护人们的生命、财产安全。下列关于火灾、灭火与逃生的说法错误的是
24．下列有关机械能及其转化的说法正确的是
A．弯弓射箭，箭的动能转化为弓的弹性势能
B．拦河大坝使上游的水位升高，提高了水的重力势能
C．蹦床运动员从高处落下，其动能转化为重力势能
D．人造卫星从近地点飞向远地点时势能减小，动能增大
25．如图所示，穿着旱冰鞋的小玲用手推墙后，她由静止开始向后退。下列说法中正确的是
B．指南针静止时南极指向地理北极
C．如果地磁场消失，指南针还能指示南北方向
D．信鸽是靠绑在身上的小磁铁来实现导航的
20．下列操作能使右图中的小灯泡L1和L2组成串联电路的是
A．闭合开关S1、S2和S3B．只闭合开关S1和S2
C．只闭合开关S2和S3D．只闭合开关S3
21．下列关于测量仪器的分析正确的是
A．电流表的示数增大
B．电压表V1的示数增大
C．电压表V2的示数增大
D．电压表V2的示数减小
27．如图，水平面上放置了质地均匀的甲乙两个实心圆柱体，它们的高度相同、质量相等，甲的底面积小于乙的底面积。为使甲对水平面的压强小于乙对水平面的压强，小海按不同方法把甲乙两物体分别切下一部分后，将切下部分叠加到对方剩余部分的上方。下列切法可能达到目的的是
B．单质是由同种元素组成的纯净物，由同种元素组成的纯净物不一定是单质
C．碱溶液呈碱性，呈碱性的溶液不一定是碱溶液
D．中和反应是复分解反应，复分解反应不一定是中和反应
15．下列除去杂质所选用的试剂正确的是
选项
物质
杂质（少量）
除杂试剂
A
N2
O2
灼热的铜网
B
CaO
Ca(OH)2
水
C
NaCl溶液
Na2SO4
A．沿水平方向切去质量相等的部分B．沿水平方向切去体积相等的部分
C．沿水平方向切去厚度相等的部分D．沿竖直方向切去质量相等的部分
二、（本大题共5小题，11空，每空2分，共22分）
28．如图所示，用细线拴一块橡皮，甩起来，使橡皮绕手做圆周运动，这说明力可以改变物体的（选填“运动状态”或“形状”）。如果这时橡皮所受所有的力都突然消失，橡皮将做运动。
A．小玲后退的过程中，她的惯性逐渐变小
B．小玲后退的过程中，一直做匀速直线运动
C．小玲推墙时，墙对小玲的作用力等于小玲对墙的作用力
D．小玲推墙时，墙对小玲的作用力和小玲对墙的作用力是一对平衡力
26．如图是小海设计的温度测量仪的电路，R1是定值电阻，R2是阻值随温度升高而减小的热敏电阻。当R2的温度随环境温度降低时
实验次数
1
2
3
钢球质量m/g
20
40
60
钢球下落高度h/cm
20
20
20
木块滑行距离s
近
较远
远
（1）上述3次实验中，第次实验钢球滑到斜槽底端时动能最大；
（2）上述实验数据表明：当速度一定时，钢球的质量越大，动能越。这个结论可用于解释汽车（选填“超速”或“超载”）带来的危害。
实验
次数
物距u/cm
像的性质
水银温度计托盘天平电能表液体压强计
A．水银温度计利用了液体热胀冷缩的原理B．托盘天平利用了省力杠杆的原理
C．电能表利用电流的热效应工作D．液体压强计利用了连通器的原理
22．“端午节”吃粽子的习俗中，蕴含了丰富的物理知识。下列说法中正确的是
A．煮粽子的过程利用做功的方法提高了粽子的内能
B．闻到粽子的香味表明分子在不停地做无规则的运动
A．“惊蛰云不停，寒到五月中”，云的形成是升华现象
B．“伏天三场雨，薄地长好麻”，雨的形成是凝固现象
C．“霜降有霜，米谷满仓”，霜的形成是凝华现象
D．“小寒冻土，大寒冻河”，河水结冰是熔化现象
19．指南针是我国古代的四大发明之一，有关指南针和地磁场的说法正确的是
A．指南针静止时指示南北方向，是因为指南针受到地磁场的作用
5．下列有关水的说法正确的是
A．地球上可利用的淡水资源取之不尽，用之不竭
B．湘江的水经过沉淀、过滤、吸附后，可以得到纯水
C．为了保护水资源，禁止使用化肥和农药
D．用肥皂水可以区分软水和硬水
6．白炽灯泡中的灯丝一般是钨丝。用黑钨矿冶炼成钨的过程中，会生成钨酸（H2WO4）。钨酸中钨元素的化合价为
A．-2B．+1C．+4D．+6
A．拧紧小灯泡和它两端的接线柱
B．拧紧开关两端的接线柱
C．检查滑动变阻器是否短路
（3）排除故障后，小海选择合适的量程，移动滑片，读出了三组实验数据。粗心的小海把三次数据随手写在草稿纸上（如右图）而没有填写在对应的表格中。请你帮助小海计算出小灯泡的额定功率为W。
32．在科技节，小海用传感器设计了如图甲所示的力学装置，杠杆OAB始终在水平位置保持平衡，O为杠杆的支点，OB=3OA，竖直细杆a的上端通过力传感器连在天花板上，下端连在杠杆的A点，竖直细杆b的两端分别与杠杆和物体M固定，水箱的质量为0.8kg，不计杠杆、细杆及连接处的重力。当图甲所示的水箱中装满水时，水的质量为3kg。力传感器可以显示出细杆a的上端受到作用力的大小，图乙是力传感器的示数大小随水箱中水的质量变化的图像。（取g=10N/kg）
C．生铁的熔点比纯铁高D．生锈的钢铁制品没有回收价值
10．下列有关溶液的说法正确的是
A．将植物油加入水中搅拌，可得到溶液B．溶液一定是无色透明的液体
C．蔗糖溶液中，蔗糖是溶质，水是溶剂D．饱和溶液中一定不能再溶解其他物质
11．下列有关实验现象的描述正确的是
A．红磷在空气中燃烧，产生大量白烟
B．铁丝在氧气中燃烧，火星四射，生成红棕色固体
（2）保持凸透镜的位置不变，移动蜡烛使物距由20cm变为22cm时，为了在光屏上得到清晰的像，小海应将光屏（选填“靠近”或“远离”）凸透镜。
36．小海同学用如图所示的实验器材测量小灯泡的电功率，已知小灯泡的额定电压为2.5V。
（1）请你在右图中用笔画线代替导线，帮小海把电路连接完整；
（2）小海把滑片移到最左端，闭合开关，发现小灯泡不亮，电流表示数为零，电压表的示数接近电源电压。为了排除故障，小海接下来的操作合理的是（选填字母符号）；
33．右图是小海探究水的沸腾的实验装置，实验中他把水温随时间变化的数据记录在下表中。小海观察到水沸腾时烧杯中有大量的冒出水面。分析表格中的数据可知水的沸点是℃。
时间/min
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
温度/℃
90
92
94
96
97
98
98
98
98
34．如图，小海在研究“物体的动能与哪些因素有关”时，将质量为m的小钢球从斜槽的某一高度h处由静止释放，钢球运动到水平面时，将水平面上静止的木块撞出一段距离s。小海的部分实验数据和现象记录如下：
虚实
大小
正倒
1
8
虚像
放大
正立
2
10
不能成像
3
12
实像
放大
倒立
4
14
实像
放大
倒立
5
16
实像
放大
倒立
6
20
实像
等大
倒立
7
22
实像
缩小
倒立
8
25
实像
缩小
倒立
35．右表是小海同学用焦距f=10cm的凸透镜探究其成像规律的记录表，根据表格完成下列问题：
（1）分析实验数据可知，当物距u满足条件
（选填“u＜f”、“f＜u＜2f”或“u＞2f”）时，凸透镜会成一个倒立放大的实像，生活中（选填“照相机”、“投影仪”或“放大镜”）的成像原理应用了凸透镜的这个成像规律；
2019年长沙市初中学业水平考试试卷
理科综合
注意事项：
1．答题前，请考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号、考室和座位号；
2．必须在答题卡上答题，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效；
3．答题时，请考生注意各大题题号后面的答题提示；