定语从句+Attributive+Clause试讲
Attributive Clause定语全面从句讲解
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
her The girl we saw
yesterday is Mary.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
1.A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 2.The boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.
the boy =who 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指
the machine = that
3.The boy whose/of which parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.
(6)As的用法
在定语从句中，一般的从句关系代词是which、 who、whom、that、 whose, 其代替主句中的人 或物，在从句中做主语、宾语或定语。 一、as引导限制性定语从句 主要固定结构有： the same…as , such…as, as…as , so…as, 主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需 选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
Who is the girl that drove the car?
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? (5)当先行词既有人又有物。 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. (6)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修饰。 I’ve read all the books that are not mine. This is the very book that belongs to him.
大学英语语法应用教程-从句(Clause)
从句(Clause)
If two numbers are to be added, it does not matter in which order they are added. 若要把两个数加起来，那么按哪种顺序相加是没有关系的。(需要注意的是，连接代词which并没有位于主语从句句首， 因为它在从句中作介词in的介词宾语和order的定语。而且，不要把由which引导的主语从句误认为是介词宾语从句。) It follows from Maxwell’s hypothesis that whenever there netic field is produced. 由麦克斯韦假设可知，每当电场发生变化时就产生磁场。 (it follows that … 意为“由此得知……；因此”。) It happened that she was out when he called.( = She happened to be out when … ) 他打电话时，她恰巧不在家。(It happens that可译成“碰巧，恰巧；发生”。)
从句(Clause)
3) 表语从句 主要位于系动词be之后的表语从句最为常见，当然，也可用seem, sound等。例如： The present conception of the general structure of the atom is that it consists of a kind of solar system. 现在对 原子的一般结构的看法是：它是由一种太阳系构成的。 All indications are that the need for skilled people in the field of electronics will grow in this new decade. 所有 的迹象表明，在这新的十年中对电子学领域熟练人员的需求量将会增长。 That is how a computer works. 这就是计算机的工作原理。 (本句中的that应译为“这”；how从句一般可译成“……的原理，……是如何……”) Predictions are that electronics will continue to grow at a rapid rate for some time to come. 预测表明，在未来 一段时期内电子学将会继续高速发展。 (That is why … 要译成“这就是……的理由；这就是为什么……；因此……”。) My plan is that we will finish the project by the end of the year. 我的计划是我们年底结束这个项目。 The conclusion of the discussion is that the proposal cannot be accepted. 讨论的结果是这个提议不能被接受。 在个别情况下，状语从句也可充当表语从句(特别是句型this is because … )。如： This is because you has been absent all the term. 这是因为你整个一学期缺勤的缘故。
1.定语从句（形容词性从句）专题讲解
定语从句（Attributive Clause）一关系代词引导的定语从句(who/whom/whose/which/that)1.Who,指代范围是人，句子中充当主语/宾语（限定性定语从句中作宾语可省略）①作主语The boy who is standing there is my cousin.②作宾语The young man(who)Jane loves is standing there.2.Whom,指代范围是人，句子中只充当宾语（限定性定语从句中作宾语可省略）The man(whom) you met yesterday is my teacher.注意：紧接着介词后面作介词的宾语时只能用whom,不用who；如果介词在词尾两者都可以。
①This is the person from whom I learn about news.②This is the person who/whom I learn about news from.不过按照习惯，一般介词都会放在前面，①中那样比较常见。
3.Whose(of whom/of which),指代范围人/物，句子中充当定语①Do you know the boy whose father(the father of whom) is an teacher?②He lives in a house whose windows (the window of which) face south.注意：“介词+关系代词”从句中作定语时被修饰词常常需要提前。
There is a room, the window of which faces the river.4.Which 代指物，句子中充当主语/宾语（限定性定语从句中作宾语可省略）①Children like to read books which have wonderful pictures.②The pen(which) my uncle gave me is missing.注意：which除了指物以外，还可以指代婴儿、动物和表示表示单数意义的集合名词，此外还可以指人的职业、地位或品格等。
lecture 8 定语从句attributive clause
• We can see the attributive modifiers in the
first one of these pairs are modifiers in the real sense ,but all the rest obviously imply much more loaded meanings and can be • Considered as short or condensed forms (with something omitted).
• （3）The reefs loomed in front of them
with startling clarity. • 暗礁在他们面前慢慢露出了水面，清清楚 楚，让人惊骇。 • 4）Of parallel meaning • (1) Alice and Mary stood in quiet sorrwo for some time. • 爱丽丝和玛丽伤心的站着，好一阵子谁也 没有说话。
• Examples: • 1) warm weather: weather of fairly high
temperature 暖和的天气 • warm clothes: clothes that will keep a person warm 保暖的衣服 • 2）a graphic account : an account that is vivid and full of details 生动的描述 • a graphic writer: a writer whose writings are graphic 文笔生动的作家
• 3）As result • (1) Mike leaped to his feet, moving with
Lecture 2 Attributive Clause
(5) 关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句
关系代词that既可指人，又可指物。它在从句中可以作主语、动 词宾语、介词宾语和表语。that作动词宾语或介词宾语时常常省 略。在作介词宾语时，介词须位于句末，而不能位于that之前。 Water that is impure often causes serious illness. • Fanny，bring the water and put it down in the middle of the room，lazy creature that you are. • (6) when等引导的限制性定语从句 关系副词when指代和修饰主句中表示时间的先行词，在从句中 作时间状语，可以省略。在语义上，when相当于“介词+which”。 如： July and August are the months when the weather is hot.
(2) whom引导的非限制性定语从句 • 关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语 和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。 如： Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot， is a famous scientist. • 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿 学了许多东西。
•
(7) where引导的限制性定语从句
• 关系副词where指代和修饰主句中表示地点的先行词，在从句中 作地点状语，当先行词为place时，where可以省略。在语义上， where相当于“介词+which”： The knee is the joint where(=at which) the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg. She’s going home where she can rest. • A stone marks the spot where the treaty was signed. • (8) why引导的限制性定语从句 关系副词why的先行词只有reason， 在从句中作原因状语，可以 省略： The reason why he left is not convincing. • There was no definite reason why she should do so.
定语从句讲解
定语从句专题教案定语从句（Attributive Clauses）定义：在主从复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句的特点：1.位置：定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词的后面。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”。
3.关系词（引导词）：引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。
1. I’ll never forget the days that we worked together.2. I’ll never forget the days when we spent together.答案:1.that改为when 2.when 改为that 错误分析:关系代词和关系副词使用混淆Step2.关系代词和关系副词的作用正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。
关系词的选择完全取决于关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分。
关系词一共有9个, 它们在从句中所充当的句子成分见下表。
Step3.考点一：如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词I will never forget the day when I first went to school.which/that we spent in Beijing.The house which/that we visited is being repaired now.The house where Lu Xun once lived is being repaired now.巩固性训练：用关系词填空1.The man ___________ came to our school is Mr. Wang.2.A child __________ parents are dead is called Tom.3.Could you tell me the reason ______ you are late.4.I don’t know the boy __________ you talked with.5. Beijing is the place ________ I came.6.Gone are the days ____ we used foreign oil.答案1.who/that 2.whose 3.why 4.(whom/that) 5.where 6.when提示::引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。
定语从句The Attributive Clause 具体讲解
定语从句The Attributive Clause JayChou is a singer who sang many nice songs.that, which, who, where, why, whenwhom, whose, asHave a try 关系代 词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的成份 人物 句子 主语 宾语 定语 状语 whowhomwhichthatwhoseas一、1.The man _who _came to our school is my father. 代人，作主2.Is this the man _(whom)_ you just talked about. 代人，作（宾）3.This is the shop _which _sells the medicine. 代物，作主4.The film (which)_we saw yesterday is interesting. 代物，作（宾） 关系代词 关系副词 关系词 先行词定语从句可用that 代替定义：定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词在句中起连接作用，是由关系词代表先行词在从句当中充当的成份决定。
注意：1.可用that 代替2.作宾语可以省略二、定语5.This is the boy _whose_ mother is a doctor.6.I like those books _whose_ topic are about history.代人的 定语代物的 定语 三、及物动词与不及物动词7. I still remember the day _when _ I first came here.8. This is the house _where_ I lived last year. 9. I don ’t know the reason _why_ he was late.如何选定定语从句的关系词1.首先分清主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么成份（主语，宾语，定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中 做主语，宾语或定语则用关系代词；若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词who:The man who helped you is Mr. White.whose作状语This is the person who you want to see.whom :The person whom Tom is talking to is my father.which:The film which we just talked about is very interesting.A dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words. that :The man that helped you is Mr. White.This is the person that you want to see.whose :He has a friend whose father is a doctor.I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.比较下列五个句子。
定语从句片段attributiveclause
定语从句attributive clause知识概述一定语二定语从句三先行词四关系词（关系代词、关系副词）知识难点1 Which/that 区别2 who, whom的区别3 That 与who 的区别一定语在我们学习语文的时候，老师就有教我们“名前定，动前状”，顾名思义名词前面的修饰成分为定语。
所有“的”前面的成分都是定语。
【盗梦空间】真是一部很棒的电影。
Inception is really an amazing film.二定语从句可是要说“它是一部由诺兰持导的科幻片。
”简单的形容词就无能为力了。
那么我们就要借助比词汇更加高级的句子来对其进行修饰，翻译成“It is a science fiction film which is directed by Nolan。
”这个主谓结构完整的句子来充当定语，修饰名词，而且发现它老是跟着修饰的名词，像个随从一样，所以我们叫它“从句”。
他在功能上就是一个形容词，所以也可以叫做形容词从句。
三两大要点：先行词，关系词。
先行词。
总是放在定语从句前，所以叫做先行词。
Film关系词。
重复指代先行词，起连接主句和从句的作用，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。
关系代词which\ that\ who/ whom\whose (最常见)关系副词when\where\why关系代词A 作主语。
（relative pronoun as subject）注意主谓一致。
I like guys who（that）should have a sense of humor.我喜欢有幽默感的男人。
篮球是项许多男孩子深爱的体育运动。
Basketball is a game which/ that is liked by many boys.( fascinates)Pumas are large catlike animals ----are found in America. （which/ that）猫是猫科动物。
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• 4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指 物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语 或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. Where is the man that / whom I saw this mor ning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？
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• 3.Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语， 做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司 离这儿很远。
定语从句 Attributive Clause
by---Jolin
• 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
• The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
（一）相关术语 • 1．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 • 2．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词 有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句； B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
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考查要点：关系词的选择 解题技巧： 1）确定先行词 2）看先行词表示？人、物、时间、地点、原 因？ 3）看先行词在从句中充当什么成分
• 1. The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher . • A. whom B. which C. who D. whose • 2. He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class . • A. who B. that C. what D. where
(二)关系代词引导的定语从句
• 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 • 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
• 3. Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north . • A. which B. his C. that D. whose • 4. Is this factory ____we visited last year ? • A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the one
• 5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语 从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fa llen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的 房子里。