剑桥雅思5阅读解析-Test4_图文
READING PASSAGE 1文章结构第二段当地政府从旅游业中获得收益。
旅游业对当地社会造成的各种影对北极和沙漠地区的影响。
对当地环境的影响。
将旅游业变害为利的途径。
Swiss Alps地区的经验。
北极地区的经验。
美国西南部地区的经验。
当地人控制本地旅游业的重要本节考查词汇本节考查词汇terrace culprit erosionvulnerable C部分legion fragile reinvigorate integrate renaissance repatriate transient communalexploitaccruetundrapotterynormexception考题精解Questions 1-3『题型』HEADING『解析』题号关键词原文定位题解1 fragile/ expansion of tourism A部分第一段首句和第四句答案：iii首句中的booming对应iii中的expansion；第四句中的fragile一词原文重现。
2 disruptive effects B部分第一段首句答案：veffects一词原文重现。
3 local/ balance C部分第一段次句答案：ii次句说“这些问题可以变的不是问题”，即提出解决B部分中effects的方案。
选项中只有ii符合此意。
Questions 4-9『题型』 YES/NO/NOT GIVEN『解析』4.部分文中little or no investment对应题干中的low…cost。
5.…这些地区是非常脆弱文中明确提到了三种地区，不过fragile所在句中用到了these regions来指代上文提到的三种地区，应该留意。
6.defined parts of the year与题干中throughout the year明7.部分turned to outside supplies of rice and other foods与题干fall in the amount of food produced locally对应。
8.部分over a relatively short season与题干中evenly over the year9.部分government handouts定位，可是文中并不存在任何对比逻Questions 10-13『题型』TABLE COMPLETION『解析』10 Swiss Pays/C部分第二段末句答案：cheeserevived用地名定位，文中的renaissance替换题干中revived，找到production的具体产品，确定答案。
11 Arctic/C部分第三段次句答案：tourbusiness用地名定位，找到修饰business的词。
12 Acoma/ sell C部分第四段末句答案：pottery用地名定位，找到出售的商品，文中说pottery business，所以pottery为答案。
13 Navajo/ sell 答案：jewellery同12题。
难句解析1. When hill-farmers, for example, can make more money in a few weeks working asporters for foreign trekkers than they can in a year working in their fields, it is not surprising that many of them give up their farm-work, which is thus left to othermembers of the family.解析：跳过插入语（名词后动词前两个逗号所夹内容），确定定语从句引导词的指代对象，将其带入原文，并按原文顺序即可正确理解。
参考译文：例如，如果农民在一周内为游客搬运行李所赚的钱比他们种一年的田赚的还要多，他们当然会放弃农活，而这些农活就留给了其他家庭成员来做。
2. Yet it does not have to be a problem.解析：这句话表面并不难懂，难的地方在于读者要能从中读出两点：1. yet表明话题方向的180度转折，而本句位于段落次句位置，是常见的段落主题句位置之一，以此可判定本句为段落主题; 2. 本句的真正用意在于引起下文的“如何使之不成为问题”，也就是“提供解决方案”。
参考译文：然而，这原本不应是个问题。
参考译文野外旅行的影响A．偏远地区的旅游市场从未如此火爆。
世界各国都在积极向高消费型的游客推销他们的“荒野”地区，例如山区、北极地带、沙漠、小岛和湿地等。
这些地方的吸引力很明显：从概念上讲，野外旅游业几乎不需要前期投资，但是这并不意味着没有成本。
正如1992年联合国环境发展委员会提出的一样，这些地区是非常脆弱的（即，对非正常影响非常敏感），不仅仅生态很脆弱，当地居民的文化而言也是如此。
从这些方面以及各种地区所占地球面积的比例考虑，最重要的三种脆弱环境就是沙漠、山区和北极地区。
它们的一个重要特点就是季节性，每年都有好几个月份充斥着恶劣天气。
所以，大部分人类的活动，包括旅游，都被清晰的限定在了每年的某几个月当中。
这些地区迷人的自然风光和当地人独特的文化吸引了大批游客。
这些偏远地区贫穷的政府也欢迎新一批的“冒险旅行家”，非常感激他们带来的“硬通货”。
几年来，旅游业已经成为尼泊尔和不丹的主要外汇来源。
旅游业也成为北极地区（如拉普兰、阿拉斯加）和沙漠地区（如澳大利亚埃尔斯洛克地区和亚利桑那州摩奴门山谷等）的主要经济元素。
B．一旦某地被确定为主要的旅游目的地，当地社会就会受到深远的影响。
例如，如果农民在一周内为游客搬运行李所赚的钱比他们种一年的田赚的还要多，他们当然会放弃农活，而这些农活就留给了其他家庭成员来做。
在一些山区，这导致农业生产大规模萎缩，也导致当地食品结构发生变化，因为没有足够的人手来耕地、浇灌农田或者照顾庄稼。
结果使得该地区的很多人都向外界寻求大米和其他食物供给。
在北极和沙漠地区，传统上，全年的生计都依赖于在相对较短的季节里所进行的捕猎、捕鱼和果实采集活动。
然而，由于某些居民从事旅游业，他们没有时间再去采集野生食品，这使得人们越来越依赖于在商店里购买食品。
这些变化也不能全都归罪于旅游业。
各种有偿劳动和政府发放的物资都将破坏传统的生存方式。
不管原因是什么，困境却只有一个：如果这些新的外来收入资源枯竭了，该如何是好？游客对环境的影响是另一个严重的问题。
人们大都会关注主要铁路沿线的土壤腐蚀问题，但更严重的问题是乱砍滥伐，还有对水源供给所带来的影响，因为当地人需要为游客提供食物和洗澡用的热水。
在山区和沙漠地区，生长缓慢的树木是燃料的主要来源，水源供给也会受到乱砍滥伐的影响。
C．旅游业所带来的问题近年来已经愈演愈烈。
然而这本来不应该成为问题。
尽管旅游业不可避免的会影响所在地区，但对这些脆弱环境以及当地文化的影响仍然可以尽量降低。
事实上，旅游业甚至可以成为重新振兴当地文化的途径，正如在尼泊尔昆布山谷的雪帕人身上和阿尔卑斯山区的某些村庄所发生的一样。
探险旅游业的从业人数在不断增长，他们都在尽量确保他们的行为会为当地人和当地环境带来长期的正面影响。
在瑞士阿尔卑斯地区，当地人认为，他们的未来要依赖于将旅游业更有效的与当地经济整合在一起。
越来越多的外来人开始在瑞士帕斯地区建设第二套房屋，当地人对此非常担忧，因此限制了他们的这种做法。
当地的集体奶酪制作行业也开始复兴，这为当地人提供一种可靠的收入来源，而且不必依赖外来游客。
北极的很多旅游目的地都是有外来公司开发的，它们聘用临时工，并且把大部分收益返回给自己的所在地。
但是现在已经有北极当地的社团开始亲自运作当地的旅游业，从而确保旅游收益可以在本地得到积累。
例如，一家专门聘请当地人的阿拉斯加的本土公司正在运作一个从安卡拉奇到克佐布的空中旅游项目，游客可以吃北极食品，在苔原上行走并且欣赏当地的音乐和舞蹈。
美国东南部沙漠地区的人们也采取了类似的策略，它们鼓励游客造访他们的村庄和保留地，并鼓励他们在那里购买高质量的手工艺品。
艾克马村和圣一丹佛诺村的制陶业收益可观，而纳瓦霍和霍比人在珠宝行业也取得了成功。
很多居住在脆弱环境中的人们在游客进入到他们的土地之时无法控制他们自己的经济、文化和环境。
单纯限制旅游业无法解决这种不平衡状态，因为人们对于陌生地方的渴望是不会消失的。
相反，脆弱环境中的人们必须更好的控制本地的旅游业投资，才能使他们自己的需求和渴望与旅游业的要求达到平衡。
社团数量的增加表明，有了强有力的集体决策，这是完全可以做到的。
现在，问题的关键在于，这能否成为共识，而不仅仅是特例。
READING PASSAGE 2文章结构本节考查词汇本节考查词汇第一段toughen []v.强化fragment []n.碎片minute []adj.微小的第二段issue []n.问题phenomenon []n.现象第三段consultant []n.顾问press []n.媒体，新闻第四段shelter []n.遮蔽物，挡风玻璃shatter []v.破碎bolt []v.栓住，锁住panel []n.板，板材，面板transparent []adj.透明的第五段sheet []n.一片，一块jet []n.喷射interior []n.内部solidify []v.固化shrink []v.收缩permanent []adj.永久的compression []n.压缩，压力propagate []v.蔓延crack []n.裂缝tension []n.张力resistant []adj.有抵抗力的第六段impurity []n.杂质alloy []n.合金molten []adj.熔融的furnace []n.炉第七段convert []v.转变subsequent []adj.后来的第八段expand []v.扩张tensile []adj.拉力的unleash []v.释放第九段complicated []adj.复杂的batch []n.一批pane []n.窗格第十段storey []n.楼层contamination []n..污染，玷污modified []adj.修改的，改装的replace []v.更换consume []v.消耗alternative []n.其他方案clad []v.镀，装饰Questions 14-17『题型』MATCHING『解析』此题型选项多为乱序，应该先把各选项读完，并划下关键字，然后用人名定位，注意阅读人名后的宾语从句和引号内的内容。
IELTS 5-4
The way we consider the human psychology and mental development is heavily influenced by the genetic sciences. We now understand the importance of inherited characteristics more than ever before. But we are still unable to decide whether an individual’s personality and development are more influenced by the genetic factors (nature) or the environment (nurture).Research, relating to idential twins, has highlighted how significant inherited characteristics can be on a person. But whether these characteristics are able to develop within persionality of an individual surely depends on whether the circumstances allow such a development. It seems that the experiences we hav in life are so unpredictable and so powerful that they are able to boost or override other influences, there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this.My own view is that there is no one major influence in a person’s life. Instead, the traits we inherit from our parents and the situation and experience we encounter in life are constantly interacting. It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person’s personality and adictates how this personality develops. If this were not ture, then we would be able to predict the behavior and character of an individual from the moment they were born.In conclusion, I do not think that either nature or nurture is the major influence on a persion, but that both have powerful effects. How these factors interact is still unknown and they remain large unpredictable in a person’s life.The way we consider human psychology and mental development is heavily infuenced by the genetic sciences. We now understand the importance of inherited characteristics more than ever before. But we are still unable to decide whether an individual’s personality and development are more influenced by genetic factors (nature) or the environment (nurture).Research, relating to idential twins, has highlighted how significant inherited characteristics can be on a person. But whether these characteristics are able to develop within the persionality of an individual surely depends on whether the circumstances allow shuch a development. It seems that the experience we have in life are so unpredictable and so powerful that they can boost and override other influences, and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this.My own view is that there is no one major influence in a persion’s life. Instead, the traits we inherit from our parents and the situations and experience we encounter in life are constantly interacting. It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person’s personality and dictates how that personality develops. If this were not ture, the we would be able to predict the behavior and charater of a person from the moment they were born.In conclusion, I do no think that either nature or nurture is the major influence in a person’s life but that both have powerful effects. How these factors interact is still unknown and they remain large unpredictable in a person’s life.。
【推荐下载】剑桥雅思真题集5阅读部分全面分析(4)-word范文模板 (1页)
【推荐下载】剑桥雅思真题集5阅读部分全面分析(4)-word范文模板本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==剑桥雅思真题集5阅读部分全面分析(4)本辑中将特别推出剑桥雅思5 Test 1 的 Passage 2。
文章标题是 Nature or Nurture 。
这篇考题是201X-201X考试年度中频繁出现的考题之一，也是较难的考题之一。
这篇阅读考题特别适合65班或精品六分班作为冲刺讲解。
首先，段落细节配对是这篇文章的第一种题型。
这类题型是201X年下半年雅思阅读考试每次必考的题型!因此，教师在上课时一定要对这种题型作深入分析讲解。
文章有 A - I 九个段落，题目共有六题。
这使得解题难度大大增强了。
特别在做题过程中，对于文章信息和题目信息的思维过程的把握尤其困难!做题的总体思路是：先花30秒把题目浏览一遍，然后从头看文章，其中不断观察题目和文种信息有何联系或同义转换关系，并做出备选，文章阅读完毕后最终确定答案。
这种题目的难度在于要求学生通读全文，而不像段落标题配对那样只要把握主题句就可以了。
雅思阅读教师应指导学生做题思路和技巧!其次是单项选择题，这类题型虽然不是考试的主流题型，但是主要是测试考生对于各种干扰信息的辨析能力，以及对各选项所对应文章内容的快速阅读能力，特别第22题，需要学生对两段内容充分理解才能选出正确答案!因此，这也是所有剑桥雅思5册中最具讲解价值的选择题之一!最后一种题型是 TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN 题型，雅思考试中最主流的题目。
这四题各有特点：第23题定位容易，但是需要阅读完整的句子才能推断出答案。
第24题是较难的一题，关键是定位较难，定位内容和前一题文章中对应位置间隔段落较多。
雅思阅读教师应对此类现象给学生相关的指导。
第25题牵涉到了比较结构的考点，这也是雅思考试该题型常见的出题方式。
剑桥雅思5阅读Test4Passage2答案解析
Question 24
答案：TRUE
关键词: doubt, Bishops Walk
定位原文: 原文首段最后1句: “When fragments were analysed by experts…”
关键词: break
定位原文: 原文第4段第3句: “This glass has five times…”
解题思路: 原文：“钢化玻璃的强度是普通玻璃的5倍，破碎时裂成细小颗粒而不是锋利(razor-sharp)的大块碎片。”因此答案为选项F。
剑桥雅思5阅读解析Test4答案+详细的解题思路指导Question 19
解题思路: 原文：“这是非常罕见的现象。”BrianWaldron说。因此答案为选项G。
Question 15
答案：A
关键词: Trevor Ford
定位原文: 原文第3段最后两句 “What you hear is only the…He believes the reason…”
解题思路: 原文：“公众所知道的只不过是冰山一角罢了。”昆士兰州布里斯班市Resolve工程公司的玻璃专家Trevor Ford说道。他认为原因很简单：“没人想要坏新闻。”因此答案为选项A。
答案：I
关键词: shatter
定位原文: 原文第8段第3句: “The time that elapses before failure…”
解题思路: 原文：“破裂时间无法预测(unpredictable)……”因此答案为选项I。
Question 20
剑桥5+test+4
Test 4:PART 1ClothesQ: How important are clothes and fashion to you?Answer:I think clothes and fashion speak to people about the kind of person you are.They help you form a good first impression.We dress to impress.And it’s almost strange to ask a person if clothes are important, especially if this person is as young as me.Young people want to look good, so naturally clothes are very important for me. Q: What kind of clothes do you dislike?Answer:Well, I don’t like baggy clothes, you know, big jeans, long and loose T-shirts, because they look sloppy. 邋遢Now, I prefer the European style, which is very slimming (苗条) and has better design.I especially don’t like suits, shirts and ties.They’re so dull, so rigid, and look old.I prefer young and fashionable clothes designed for energetic and dynamic people. (活跃,动感的人)Q: How different are the clothes you wear now from those you wore 10 years ago?Answer:Hmm, 10 years ago, that was such a long time ago.Let me think, if I remember correctly,I was wearing sportswear all the time, you know, Adidas and Nike.I was going to school everyday, and I was young, kicking and running everywhere, so sports clothes suited me.But now, I’m a young adult, so I’ve developed a certain sense of style.I like simple things and my favorite item of clothing is Jeans.Not big jeans, clean-cut jeans that look decent.I don’t know, maybe one day I will have to wear suits and sit in offices because I want to be a financial consultant or accountant for a world-famous company.Q: What do you think the clothes we wear say about us?Answer:I’m pretty sure that the clothes we wear say much about our personality.For example, if you’re very out-going and passionate, or if you’re very reserved and shy. Our style of clothing also tells people about how confident we’re about ourselves.There’s a saying, you’re what you wear. The clothes we wear can show the education and life experience we have gained. If you have ever spent time in a different country, your style of clothing maybe very different from others in your country.PART 2Describe a festival that is important in your countryYou should say:When the festival occursWhat you did during itWhat you like or dislike about itAnd explain why this festival is important—FestivalsAn Important HolidayThe biggest festival of all in my country is Chinese New Year, the Spring Festival. We Chinese have celebrated it for thousands of years already. It comes between January and February every year, but the exact date is different year to year since we use lunar calendar. Anyway, when it finally arrives, people all over the country take 7 days off. On the eve of the Spring festival, a big family reunion is held at the dinner table. We talk, we propose toast to each other, and we bond with members of our family. I don’t know when it started, but it seems to many Chinese that watching Spring Festival Variety Show on China Central Television has become an ceremonial thing to do every year at Spring Festival. The show starts at 8 sharp and last past midnight. And as the midnight count-down is completed, we exchange new year greetings and young kids receive new year allowance. Many people will go outside and fire up firecrackers and fireworks. The whole sky is lighted up with magnificent colors. For the midnight dinner, we eat dumplings and fish. And this is important, fish is a dish we must have, because in Chinese “fish” has the same sound as something left, something more, something extra. So by eating fish, we’re hoping that every year, we’ll make our life better.The reason I like it so much is because in a way, Spring Festival provides an opportunity for us Chinese to remember our cultural origin, a chance to relax and restore our inner balance between work and leisure, and a great time of fun at the end and beginning of a year. (278 words)PART 3:Purpose of festivals and celebrationsQ: Why do you think festivals are important events in the working year? Answer:Yeah. It’s very important for two reasons.For the country, it’s a time to remember our cultural origin and our historical past. The whole country celebrates our root and it’s very inspiring.We become so proud of our past.I guess that’s why festivals are important.For the individual, festivals give us a chance for relaxation as we often have a few days off. It’s a time of fun, meeting friends, entertainment.So after that we feel like a new man.In a sense, holidays restore our balance between work and leisure.That’s also why we need festivals for China.Q: Would you agree that the original significance of festival is often lost today? 构思:节日的初衷: 庆祝传统, 承上启下, 结束也是开始现在的节日: 人们繁忙, 感觉不到开始和结束的意义,过完节,马上就再次投入到工作中, 有些单位甚至连节假日都加班.人们也不在那么感动传统,倒是好好的利用节日放松了一下,吃吃喝喝,购物,节日从tradition象 consumption过渡.更像是给了人们一个借口: 1. 放下工作 2. 奢侈享受 3. 见见好久不见的重要的人.这么讲的话, 节日也挺好的.Answer:I think the original significance for festivals are to celebrate our tradition.It’s an end to the old year and the beginning of a new year. So it’s a connecting day. But today, people are so busy, they’re under so much pressure and they no longer feel the transition between the old and the new year. Some companies even ask their employees to come in on holidays. So many people begin to feel that festivals are just as common as the other days.People no longer take the opportunities of festivals to honor their tradition,but go shopping, go to restaurant to entertain instead.So I think tradition is out, consumption is in.Festivals provide people such an excuse to put down their work, to spend money and be extravagant (奢侈的), and to meet people that they don’t have time for during the working year.So in this sense, even the original significance is lost, festivals are still exciting. (163 words)Q: Do you think that new festivals will be introduced in the future? What kind? 构思:世界变化快, 人们拥抱新生活, 世界西方东方交融,西方人开始吃饺子, 过春节; 东方人开始互相送巧克力和玫瑰花, 过情人节.人们开始尝试新东西,可能将来也会考虑新节日.这样精彩的节日不再是national, 而是international,这样不是很酷吗?听说,有些人今年开始过男人节 8.3, 很有趣, 有点傻,但是不得不说也是一个新鲜的尝试.Answer:The world is changing so fast.People are embracing new lifestyles as East and West come together.Westerners begin to eat dumplings with chopsticks to celebrate Chinese Spring Festival. And Chinese young people exchange chocolates and roses on Valentine’s day. So, you see? People are experimenting with new life patterns.And it’s quite possible that new festivals may be invented or introduced. Wouldn’t that be cool?What kind? Well, I don’t know for sure because it’s the future right?But I heard this year, in my country, some people celebrated the men’s day, which is on August the third.It’s dorky. (书呆子) But it’s new and exciting, right.Will it last? I don’t know.All I know is that this is an interesting attempt. (128 wds)Festivals and mediaWhat role does the media play in festivals, do you think?构思:宣传营造氛围提供娱乐, 很多的表演和晚会帮助人们在闲暇之余,打发时间.Answer:I guess media, radio, TV station and maybe, the Internet are doing much publicity (宣传) during the festivals. So they can create an intense atmosphere of “Hey, everybody, festivals are here. Start celebrating!” And what’s more, they put on lots of entertainment shows on different channels to help people kill time in their freer life. So I guess, these are the functions of media around holiday season. (70 wds)Do you think it’s good or bad to watch festivals on TV?构思:好, 因为可以足不出户看到其它的地方是怎么过节的不好, 与其说当观众, 不如当演员,参与才有乐趣.天天在家看电视,人会在节日过程中迅速变老的.走出去,呼吸新鲜空气, 全家旅游,北方的到南方过一个不一样的节日,这种memory多珍贵.Answer:I guess it’s good in one aspect that you can see how others are celebrating it without having to travel.But watching others have fun is not as cool as going out and having fun yourself. Take you family, go on a vacation. If you’re from the north, spend New Year in the warm south. Some of the fondest memories will be created.Breathe the fresh air is better than watch TV in a closed room.So participating in the festivals is more exciting than watching it on TV. (89 wds) How may globalization affect different festivals around the world?构思:共享, 传播, 但是好像少了diversity多样性,出门旅游,到了哪里都一样,都是在过圣诞节,少了点差异性. 有点遗憾.另外一方面, 通过共享, 增进了民族的了解,把好的节日传统传播到全世界的各个角落, 大家都有机会快乐, 也很好. Answer:I think, on the one hand, globalization is generalizing(统一化) festivals around the world. So when you go to China, Christmas, you go to Italy, Christmas, you go to US, hey, guess what, Christmas. Everywhere is the same. That’s a bit dull, isn’t it? Because we still need variety and diversity in cultural tradition and celebration. So I guess this is a negative effect of globalization.But, on the other hand, since globalization helps with the sharing of culture. Good festivals are brought to all corners of the world and the fun can be shared across the human race. Everybody is happy, right. So this is a positive influence。
剑桥雅思5Test4 PASSAGE 2 参考译文：残缺美：钢化玻璃的问题
雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思5TEST 4 PASSAGE 2 参考译文：残缺美：钢化玻璃的问题,相应的解析，请点击：剑桥雅思5阅读Test4Passage2答案解析。
TEST 4 PASSAGE 2 参考译文：Flawed Beauty: the problem with toughened glass残缺美：钢化玻璃的问题On 2nd August 1999, a particularly hot day in the town of Cirencester in the UK, a large pane of toughened glass in the roof of a shopping centre at Bishops Walk shattered without warning and fell from its frame. When fragments were analysed by experts at the giant glass manufacturer Pilkington, which had made the pane, they found that minute crystals of nickel sulphide trapped inside the glass had almost certainly caused the failure.1999年8月3号，天气异常炎热，在英国小镇赛伦塞斯特上，位于主教街的一家购物中心屋顶上的一大片钢化玻璃在没有任何征兆的情况下突然裂成碎片并掉了下来。
随即，其生产者——大型玻璃制造商Pilkington公司的专家对掉落的碎片进行了分析。
经过分析，专家几乎确定这次事故是由玻璃内部硫化镍的微型晶体引起的。
‘The glass industry is aware of the issue,’ says Brian Waldron, chairman of the standards committee at the Glass and Glazing Federation, a British trade association, and standards development officer at Pilkington. But he insists that cases are few and far between. ‘It’s a very rare phenomenon,’ he says.“玻璃行业已经意识到了这个问题。
剑桥雅思5阅读答案解析-Test4Passage3
passage1解析，请点击：剑桥雅思5阅读答案解析-Test4Passage1。
本片文章是剑桥雅思5阅读答案解析-Test4Passage3。
Question 27答案：TRUE关键词: scientific evidence, photoperiodism定位原文: 原文第2段笫4句: “The seasonal impact of day解题思路: 题目：支持光周期现象的科学证椐十分充分。
原文：“受季节性影响的日照长度在生理学上的反应叫做光周期现象，这种现象的试验证据的数量相当可观。
”因此答案为TRUE。
Question 28答案：TRUE关键词: bird, breed, season定位原文: 原文第2段第5句: “For example, some species of…”解题思路: 题目：一些鸟类能够被诱发在非繁殖季节进行繁殖。
原文：“仅仅通过人工增加日照长度，一些鸟类甚至在冬至的时候被诱发繁殖(Wolfson, 1964年)。
”因此答案为TRUE。
Question 29答案：NOT GIVEN关键词：photoperiodism, geographic areas定位原文: 无解题思路: 题目：光周期现象被限制在一些特定地区。
原文没有提到题目的内容，因此答案为NOT GIVEN。
Question 30答案：FALSE关键词: desert annuals, long-day plants定位原文: 原文第4段最后两句: “Day-neutral plants have… For example…”解题思路: 题目：沙漠植物属干长日照植物。
原文：“日中性植物有进化优势。
对于它们而言，繁殖的最好季节和日照长度之间并没有必然的关系。
例如，对于沙漠的一年生植物而言，只要有合适的雨水，它们就会生长、开花、结果，不受日照长短的影响。
”由此可见沙漠植物属于日中性植物而非长日照植物。
因此答案为FALSE。
雅思剑桥5阅读解析
雅思剑桥5阅读解析标题：雅思剑桥5阅读解析引言概述：雅思考试是全球范围内最受欢迎的英语语言水平考试之一，而剑桥雅思教材系列被广大考生所青睐。
本文将对剑桥雅思教材系列中的第五本《剑桥雅思5》的阅读部分进行解析，旨在帮助考生更好地理解和应对该教材中的阅读题型。
正文内容：1. 主题和中心思想1.1 了解文本的主题1.1.1 通过标题和副标题确定主题1.1.2 分析首段和尾段，寻找主题线索1.1.3 注意文本中的关键词和关键句1.2 确定文本的中心思想1.2.1 分析作者的观点和态度1.2.2 注意文本中的转折和强调词语1.2.3 通过段落主题句找出中心思想2. 细节理解和推理判断2.1 寻找细节信息2.1.1 注意文本中的数字、日期和地点2.1.2 找出文本中的定义和解释2.1.3 确定文本中的因果关系和举例说明2.2 推理判断2.2.1 根据文本信息进行推断2.2.2 判断作者的观点和态度2.2.3 分析文本中的逻辑关系和推理过程3. 段落结构和篇章结构3.1 分析段落结构3.1.1 寻找段落的主题句和支持句3.1.2 理解段落的过渡和连接词语3.1.3 注意段落的逻辑顺序和层次关系3.2 理解篇章结构3.2.1 分析篇章的开头和结尾3.2.2 寻找篇章的中心思想和主题线索3.2.3 注意篇章的段落组织和信息展示方式4. 词汇和词义理解4.1 学习常见的词汇和短语4.1.1 注意文本中的高频词汇和固定搭配4.1.2 学习常见的同义词和反义词4.1.3 掌握常见的词根、前缀和后缀4.2 理解词义和上下文关系4.2.1 利用上下文推测词义4.2.2 注意词汇的词性和词义变化4.2.3 分析词汇的隐含含义和比喻意义5. 推理和判断题型5.1 推理题型5.1.1 判断推理的依据和逻辑5.1.2 分析文本中的条件和前提5.1.3 注意推理过程中的可能偏见和错误5.2 判断题型5.2.1 理解判断题的要求和限制5.2.2 注意文本中的细节和限定词语5.2.3 掌握排除法和反向思维的技巧总结：综上所述，解析《剑桥雅思5》的阅读部分需要考生掌握主题和中心思想的理解、细节理解和推理判断的技巧、段落结构和篇章结构的分析、词汇和词义理解的能力，以及推理和判断题型的应对策略。
剑桥雅思阅读5翻译及精讲（test4）
剑桥雅思阅读5翻译及精讲(test4)雅思阅读是块难啃的硬骨头，需要我们做更多的题目才能得心应手。
下面小编给大家分享一下剑桥雅思阅读5test4原文翻译及答案解析，希望可以帮助到大家。
剑桥雅思阅读5原文(test4)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 on the following pages.Questions 1-3Reading Passage 1 has three sections, A-C.Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-vi in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.List of HeadingsI The expansion of international tourism in recent yearsIi How local communities can balance their own needs with the demands of wilderness tourismIii Fragile regions and the reasons for the expansion of tourism thereIv Traditional methods of food-supply in fragile regionsV Some of the disruptive effects of wilderness tourismVi The economic benefits of mass tourism1 Section A2 Section B3 Section CThe Impact of Wilderness TourismAThe market for tourism in remote areas is booming as neverbefore. Countries all across the world are actively promoting their ‘wilderness’ regions —such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetland — to high-spending tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost. As the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development recognized, these regions are fragile (i.e. highly vulnerable to abnormal pressures) not just in terms of their ecology, but also in terms of the culture of their inhabitants. The three most significant types of fragile environment in these respects, and also in terms of the proportion o f the Earth’s surface they cover, are deserts, mountains and Arctic areas. An important characteristic is their marked seasonality, with harsh conditions prevailing for many months each year. Consequently, most human activities, including tourism, are limited to quite clearly defined parts of the year.Tourists are drawn to these regions by their natural landscape beauty and the unique cultures of their indigenous people. And poor governments in these isolated areas have welcomed the new breed of ‘adventure tourist’, grateful for the hard currency they bring. For several years now, tourism has been the prime source of foreign exchange in Nepal and Bhutan. Tourism is also a key element in the economies of Arctic zones such as Lapland and Alaska and in desert areas such as Ayers Rock in Australia and Arizona’s Monument Valley.BOnce a location is established as a main tourist destination, the effects on the local community are profound. When hill-farmers, for example, can make more money in a few weeksworking as porters for foreign trekkers than they can in a year working in their fields, it is not surprising that many of them give up their farm-work, which is thus left to other members of the family. In some hill-regions, this has led to a serious decline in farm output and a change in the local diet, because there is insufficient labour to maintain terraces and irrigation systems and tend to crops. The result has been that many people in these regions have turned to outside supplies of rice and other foods.In Arctic and desert societies, year-round survival has traditionally depended on hunting animals and fish and collecting fruit over a relatively short season. However, as some inhabitants become involved in tourism, they no longer have time to collect wild food; this has led to increasing dependence on bought food and stores. Tourism is not always the culprit behind such changes. All kinds of wage labour, or government handouts, tend to undermine traditional survival systems. Whatever the cause, the dilemma is always the same: what happens if these new, external sources of income dry up?The physical impact of visitors is another serious problem associated with the growth in adventure tourism. Much attention has focused on erosion along major trails, but perhaps more important are the deforestation and impacts on water supplies arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot showers. In both mountains and deserts, slow-growing trees are often the main sources of fuel and water supplies may be limited or vulnerable to degradation through heavy use.CStories about the problems of tourism have become legion in the last few years. Yet it does not have to be a problem. Although tourism inevitably affects the region in which it takesplace, the costs to these fragile environments and their local cultures can be minimized. Indeed, it can even be a vehicle for reinvigorating local cultures, as has happened with the Sherpas of Nepal’s Khumbu Valley and in some Alpine villages. And a growing number of adventure tourism operators are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term.In the Swiss Alps, communities have decided that their future depends on integrating tourism more effectively with the local economy. Local concern about the rising number of second home developments in the Swiss Pays d’Enhaut resulted in limits being imposed on their growth. There has also been a renaissance in communal cheese production in the area, providing the locals with a reliable source of income that does not depend on outside visitors.Many of the Arctic tourist destinations have been exploited by outside companies, who employ transient workers and repatriate most of the profits to their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits accrue locally. For instance, a native corporation in Alaska, employing local people, is running an air tour from Anchorage to Kotzebue, where tourists eat Arctic food, walk on the tundra and watch local musicians and dancers.Native people in the desert regions of the American Southwest have followed similar strategies, encouraging tourists to visit their pueblos and reservations to purchase high-quality handicrafts and artwork. The Acoma and San lldefonso pueblos have established highly profitable pottery businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly successful with jewellery.Too many people living in fragile environments have lost control over their economies, their culture and their environment when tourism has penetrated their homelands. Merely restricting tourism cannot be the solution to the imbalance, because people’s desire to see new places will not just disappear. Instead, communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions, in order to balance their needs and aspirations with the demands of tourism. A growing number of communities are demonstrating that, with firm communal decision-making, this is possible. The critical question now is whether this can become the norm, rather than the exception.Questions 4-9Do the following statements reflect the opinion of the writer of Reading Passage 1?In boxes 4-9 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement reflects the opinion of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the opinion of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this4 The low financial cost of setting up wilderness tourism makes it attractive to many countries.5 Deserts, mountains and Arctic regions are examples of environments that are both ecologically and culturally fragile.6 Wilderness tourism operates throughout the year in fragile areas.7 The spread of tourism in certain hill-regions has resulted ina fall in the amount of food produced locally.8 Traditional food-gathering in desert societies was distributed evenly over the year.9 Government handouts do more damage than tourism does to traditional patterns of food-gathering.Questions 10-13Complete the table below.Choose ONE WORD from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.The positive ways in which some local communities haveresponded to tourismPeople/Location ActivityS wiss Pays d’EnhautArctic communitiesAcoma and San lldefonsoNavajo and Hopi Revived production of 10……………Operate 11……………businessesProduce and sell 12……………Produce and sell 13……………READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Flawed Beauty: the problem with toughened glassOn 2nd August 1999, a particularly hot day in the town of Cirencester in the UK, a large pane of toughened glass in the roof of a shopping centre at Bishops Walk shattered without warning and fell from its frame. When fragments were analysed by experts at the giant glass manufacturer Pilkington, which had made the pane, they found that minute crystals of nickel sulphide trapped inside the glass had almost certainly caused the failure.‘The glass industry is aware of the issue,’ says Brian Waldron, chairman of the standards committee at the Glass and Glazing Federation, a British trade association, and standardsdevelopment officer at Pilkington. But he insists that cases are few and far between. ‘It’s a very rare phenomenon,’ he says.Others disagree. ‘On average I see about one or two buildings a month suffering from nickel sulphide related failures,’ says Barrie Josie, a consultant engineer involved in the Bishops Walk investigation. Other experts tell of similar experiences. Tony Wilmott of London-based consulting engineers Sandberg, and Simon Armstrong at CladTech Associates in Hampshire both say they know of hundreds of cases. ‘What you hear is only the tip of the iceberg,’ says Trevor Ford, a glass expert at Resolve Engineering in Brisbane, Queensland. He believes the reason is simple: ‘No-one wants bad press.’Toughened glass is found everywhere, from cars and bus shelters to the windows, walls and roofs of thousands of buildings around the world. It’s easy to see why. This glass has five times the strength of standard glass, and when it does break it shatters into tiny cubes rather than large, razor-sharp shards. Architects love it because large panels can be bolted together to make transparent walls, and turning it into ceilings and floors is almost as easy.It is made by heating a sheet of ordinary glass to about 620°C to soften it slightly, allowing its structure to expand, and then cooling it rapidly with jets of cold air. This causes the outer layer of the pane to contract and solidify before the interior. When the interior finally solidifies and shrinks, it exerts a pull on the outer layer that leaves it in permanent compression and produces a tensile force inside the glass. As cracks propagate best in materials under tension, the compressive force on the surface must be overcome before the pane will break, making it more resistant to cracking.The problem starts when glass contains nickel sulphide impurities. Trace amounts of nickel and sulphur are usually present in the raw materials used to make glass, and nickel can also be introduced by fragments of nickel alloys falling into the molten glass. As the glass is heated, these atoms react to form tiny crystals of nickel sulphide. Just a tenth of a gram of nickel in the furnace can create up to 50,000 crystals.These crystals can exist in two forms: a dense form called the alpha phase, which is stable at high temperatures, and a less dense form called the beta phase, which is stable at room temperatures. The high temperatures used in the toughening process convert all the crystals to the dense, compact alpha form. But the subsequent cooling is so rapid that the crystals don’t have time to change back to the beta phase. This leaves unstable alpha crystals in the glass, primed like a coiled spring, ready to revert to the beta phase without warning.When this happens, the crystals expand by up to 4%. And if they are within the central, tensile region of the pane, the stresses this unleashes can shatter the whole sheet. The time that elapses before failure occurs is unpredictable. It could happen just months after manufacture, or decades later, although if the glass is heated — by sunlight, for example — the process is speeded up. Ironically, says Graham Dodd, of consulting engineers Arup in London, the oldest pane of toughened glass known to have failed due to nickel sulphide inclusions was in Pilkington’s glass research building in Lathom, Lancashire. The pane was 27 years old.Data showing the scale of the nickel sulphide problem is almost impossible to find. The picture is made more complicated by the fact that these crystals occur in batches. So even if, onaverage, there is only one inclusion in 7 tonnes of glass, if you experience one nickel sulphide failure in your building, that probably means you’ve got a problem in more than one pane. Josie says that in the last decade he has worked on over 15 buildings with the number of failures into double figures.One of the worst examples of this is Waterfront Place, which was completed in 1990. Over the following decade the 40-storey Brisbane block suffered a rash of failures. Eighty panes of its toughened glass shattered due to inclusions before experts were finally called in. John Barry, an expert in nickel sulphide contamination at the University of Queensland, analysed every glass pane in the building. Using a studio camera, a photographer went up in a cradle to take photos of every pane. These were scanned under a modified microfiche reader for signs of nickel sulphide crystals. ‘We discovered at least another 120 panes with potentially dangerous inclusions which were then replaced,’ says Barry. ‘It was a very expensive and time-consuming process that took arou nd six months to complete.’ Though the project cost A$1.6 million (nearly ￡700,000), the alternative — re-cladding the entire building — would have cost ten times as much.Questions 14-17Look at the following people and the list of statements below.Match each person with the correct statement.Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.14 Brain Waldron15 Trevor Ford16 Graham Dodd17 John BarryList of StatementsA suggests that publicity about nickel sulphide failure has been suppressedB regularly sees cases of nickel sulphide failureC closely examined all the glass in one buildingD was involved with the construction of Bishops WalkE recommended the rebuilding of Waterfront PlaceF thinks the benefits of toughened glass are exaggeratedG claims that nickel sulphide failure is very unusualH refers to the most extreme case of delayed failureQuestions 18-23Complete the summary with the list of words A-P below.Write your answers in boxes 18-23 on your answer sheet.Toughened GlassToughened glass in favoured by architects because it is much stronger than ordinary glass, and the fragments are not as 18…………… when it breaks. However, it has one disadvantage: it can shatter 19…………… . This fault is a result of the manufacturing process. Ordinary glass is first heated, then cooled very 20…………… . The outer layer 21…………… before the inner layer, and the tension between the two layers which is created because of this makes the glass stronger However, if the glass contains nickel sulphide impurities, crystals of nickel sulphide are formed. These are unstable, and can expand suddenly, particularly if the weather is 22…………… . If this happens, the pane of glass may break. The frequency with which such problems occur is 23…………… by glass experts. Furthermore, the crystals cannot be detected without sophisticated equipment.A numerousB detectedC quicklyD agreedE warmF sharpG expands H slowly I unexpectedlyJ removed K contracts L disputedM cold N moved O smallP calculatedQuestions 24-26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this24 Little doubt was expressed about the reason for the Bishops Walk accident.25 Toughened glass has the same appearance as ordinary glass.26 There is plenty of documented evidence available about the incidence of nickel sulphide failure.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The effects of light on plant and animal speciesLight is important to organisms for two different reasons. Firstly it is used as a cue for the timing, of daily and seasonal rhythms in both plants and animals, and secondly it is used to assist growth in plants.Breeding in most organisms occurs during a part of the year only, and so a reliable cue is needed to trigger breeding behaviour. Day length is an excellent cue, because it provides a perfectly predictable pattern of change within the year. In the temperate zone in spring, temperatures fluctuate greatly fromday to day, but day length increases steadily by a predictable amount. The seasonal impact of day length on physiological responses is called photoperiodism, and the amount of experimental evidence for this phenomenon is considerable. For example, some species of birds’ breeding can be induced even in midwinter simply by increasing day length artificially (Wolfson 1964). Other examples of photoperiodism occur in plants. A short-day plant flowers when the day is less than a certain critical length. A long-day plant flowers after a certain critical day length is exceeded. In both cases the critical day length differs from species to species. Plants which flower after a period of vegetative growth, regardless of photoperiod, are known as day-neutral plants.Breeding seasons in animals such as birds have evolved to occupy the part of the year in which offspring have the greatest chances of survival. Before the breeding season begins, food reserves must be built up to support the energy cost of reproduction, and to provide for young birds both when they are in the nest and after fledging. Thus many temperate-zone birds use the increasing day lengths in spring as a cue to begin the nesting cycle, because this is a point when adequate food resources will be assured.The adaptive significance at photoperiodism in plants is also clear. Short-day plants that flower in spring in the temperate zone are adapted to maximizing seedling growth during the growing season. Long-day plants are adapted for situations that require fertilization by insects, or a long period of seed ripening. Short-day plants that flower in the autumn in the temperate zone are able to build up food reserves over the growing season and over winter as seeds. Day-neutral plants have an evolutionaryadvantage when the connection between the favourable period for reproduction and day length is much less certain. For example, desert annuals germinate, flower and seed whenever suitable rainfall occurs, regardless of the day length.The breeding season of some plants can be delayed to extraordinary lengths. Bamboos are perennial grasses that remain in a vegetative state for many years and then suddenly flower, fruit and die (Evans 1976). Every bamboo of the species Chusquea abietifolio on the island of Jamaica flowered, set seed and died during 1884. The next generation of bamboo flowered and died between 1916 and 1918, which suggests a vegetative cycle of about 31 years. The climatic trigger for this flowering cycle is not yet known, but the adaptive significance is clear. The simultaneous production of masses of bamboo seeds (in some cases lying 12 to 15 centimetres deep on the ground) is more than all the seed-eating animals can cope with at the time, so that some seeds escape being eaten and grow up to form the next generation (Evans 1976).The second reason light is important to organisms is that it is essential for photosynthesis. This is the process by which plants use energy from the sun to convert carbon from soil or water into organic material for growth. The rate of photosynthesis in a plant can be measured by calculating the rate of its uptake of carbon. There is a wide range of photosynthetic responses of plants to variations in light intensity. Some plants reach maximal photosynthesis at one-quarter full sunlight, and others, like sugarcane, never reach a maximum, but continue to increase photosynthesis rate as light intensity rises.Plants in general can be divided into two groups: shade-tolerant species and shade-intolerant species. This classificationis commonly used in forestry and horticulture. Shade-tolerant plants have lower photosynthetic rates and hence have lower growth rates than those of shade-intolerant species. Plant species become adapted to living in a certain kind of habitat, and in the process evolve a series of characteristics that prevent them from occupying other habitats. Grime (1966) suggests that light may be one of the major components directing these adaptations. For example, eastern hemlock seedlings are shade-tolerant. They can survive in the forest understory under very low light levels because they have a low photosynthetic rate.Questions 27-33Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 27-33 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this27 There is plenty of scientific evidence to support photoperiodism.28 Some types of bird can be encouraged to breed out of season.29 Photoperiodism is restricted to certain geographic areas.30 Desert annuals are examples of long-day plants.31 Bamboos flower several times during their life cycle.32 Scientists have yet to determine the cue for Chusquea abitifolia’s seasonal rhythm.33 Eastern hemlock is a fast-growing plant.Questions 34-40Complete the sentences.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passagefor each answer.Write your answers in boxes 34-40 on your answer sheet.34 Day length is a useful cue for breeding in areas where …………… are unpredictable.35 Plants which do not respond to light levels are referred to as…………… .36 Birds in temperate climates associate longer days with nesting and the availability of …………….37 Plants that flower when days are long often depend on …………… to help them reproduce.38 Desert annuals respond to …………… as a signal for reproduction.39 There is no limit to the photosynthetic rate in plants such as …………… .40 Tolerance to shade is one criterion for the …………… of plants in forestry and horticulture.剑桥雅思阅读5原文参考译文(test4)TEST 4 PASSAGE 1 参考译文：The Impact of Wilderness Tourism荒野旅游的影响AThe market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across the world are actively promoting their ‘wilderness’ regions —such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetland — to high-spending tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost. As the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development recognized, these regions are fragile (i.e. highly vulnerable to abnormal pressures)not just in terms of their ecology, but also in terms of the culture of their inhabitants. The three most significant types of fragile environment in these respects, and also in terms of the proportion of the Earth’s surface they cover, are deserts, mountains and Arctic areas. An important characteristic is their marked seasonality, with harsh conditions prevailing for many months each year. Consequently, most human activities, including tourism, are limited to quite clearly defined parts of the year.A偏远地区的旅游市场从未曾像现在这么火爆。
剑桥5Test4Wrighting
.剑5test4writing1The table lists accurate data within three particular items about sub networks. Above all, when comparing London to Los Angeles—the oldest subway country beginning with 1863 against the newest one, starting in 2001, over a century’s development before has triggered more than ten times size of gap no matter in overall route(394 kilometers versus 28 kilometers) or for the whole annual passengers(775 millions contrasted with 50 millions).However, albeit the longest history London has, it is Tokyo than serve the most passengers per year, accounting for 1927 millions, coincident with the opening age—1927. In addition, because of the shortest route of 11 millions, Kyoto ultimately and unavoidably becomes bound up with the smallest amount of annual passengers. Besides, in terms of Paris and Washington DC, both dominate the intermediate position. In the aspect of network’s distance, Paris totally stretches 199 kilometer alongside the country, 1.5 lager than Washington DC whereas 50 per cent as London has. Then as for passengers all the year around, both, 1191 and 144 respectively, are lower than Tokyo yet higher than Kyoto as well as Los Angele.Hence, in a word, it turns out that disparate cities has their own distinct characteristics, bring differential underground railway systems themselves.实用文档.。
剑5test4
The table indicates the details of underground railway systems in six cities (London Paris Tokyo Washington DC Kyoto and Los Angeles)As shown in the table, London, the oldest subway system (opened in 1863), has the farthest route. In addition, the year of 1900 saw the opening of subway in Paris, following the opening of Tokyo, DC and Kyoto. By contrast, the newest underground railway was built in Los Angles in 2001.As for the size of the railway, London witnessed the largest system (394 km) which was nearly twice as large as that in Paris. What’s more, 11 kilometers of the route in Kyoto was the shortest of all.However, the tube in Tokyo serves the greatest number of the passengers （1927 millions）with just 155 kilometers of route. It is interesting that Paris takes all the second place in date opened, kilometers of route and passengers. We can also see that the smallest numbe r of the passengers was carried by the shortest subway systems in KyotoAll in all, huge differences can be seen in these six cities of date, route and passengers per year.红色字体词为逻辑连词，本文数据使用较多，所需连接词也相应增加。