大三下高级英语半期考试四篇课文答案汇总
高级英语课后习题答案【精选文档】
全国高等教育自学考试指定教材英语专业（本科段）课程代码0600（2000版）主编：王家湘高级英语课后答案Lesson One Rock Superstars:What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society?A1. 1）The author uses the two quotations to introduce the discussion and express his ideas aboutrock music and young culture heroes. 2) Yes，they are.2。
The author uses the three examples to show that the young people worship the rock superstars very much，but the adults find these rock superstars are sick. These examples are used to show that young people and adults have totally different attitudes towards rock music.3。
Irving Horowitz believes that rock music can express its time。
He sees it as a debating forum where American society struggles to define and redefine its feelings and beliefs.4. When he appeared on the Ed。
Sullivan Sunday night variety show in front of millions，a kindof “debate" took place。
2021年高三下学期第四次大考英语试题 含答案
2021年高三下学期第四次大考英语试题含答案第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the man do after the conversation?A. Ask someone else for help.B. Leave the supermarket immediately.C. Walk with the woman.2. What is the woman’s mother, most probably?A. A doctor.B. A photographer.C. A journalist.3. What did Jay tell the woman?A. A place and time to meet her.B. Some funny things happened to him.C. Some information about the man.4. When did the man have to bee independent?A. About thirty years ago.B. About twenty years ago.C. About ten years ago.5. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Colleagues.B. Classmates.C. Couple.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。
高级英语第三版课后答案整理
高级英语第三版课后答案整理Lesson 1Question:1. Why did John Koshak decide to stay although he knew the hurricane would be bad?For the following reasons: For one thing, the house was 23 feet above sea level; for another,he was unwilling to abandon his home.2. How did the man prepare for the hurricane? Why was a generator necessary?They filled bathtubs and pails. Besides, they checked out batteries for portable radio and flashlights, and fuel for the lantern. A generator was necessary because John's father wired several light bulbs to it and prepared a connection to the refrigerator.3. What made it impossible for the Koshak to escape?It was impossible for the Koshers to escape both by car and on foot. The car's electrical system had been killed by water. Meanwhile, the water became too deep for them to escape on foot.4. Why did John Koshak feel a crushing guilt?Because he blamed himself for underestimating the power of the hurricane and then endangering the whole family by his wrong decision not to flee safer inland.5. Why did Grandma Koshak ask children to be sing?A: Because she knew how frightened the children were and wanted to boost their spirit.6. What was a hurricane party? What happened to the party gores?A hurricane party was the one that was held by several vacationers to enjoy the spectacle of the hurricane with a clear and broad view in the fancy Richelieu Apartments from where they believed they would be safe. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart by the hurricane and 26 people perished.7. What did Grandma Koshak mean when she said," We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important?" She meant that human lives are more important than material possessions.8. How did the community of Gulfport act after Hurricane Camille was over?They managed to make their lives return to normal and began rebuilding their community without any delay.Paraphrase:1. We're elevated 23 feet.Our house is 23 feet above sea level.2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.The house was built in 1915 and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it.3. We can batten down and ride it out.We can prepare ourselves for the hurricane and manage to survive it without much damage.4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out.Water got into the generator, and it didn't work. As a result, the lights were put out.5. Everybody out the back door to the cars!Everybody go out though the back door and get into the cars.6. The electrical system had been killed by water.The electrical system in the cars had been destroyed by water.7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.When John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for understanding the ferocity of Camille and endangering the whole family by mak ing the wrong decision not flee inland.8. Get us through this mess, will you?Oh, god! Please help us to get through the danger situation.9. She carried on alone for a few bars, then her voice trailed away.She sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis had just one delayed reaction.Janis didn't show her fear on the spot during the hurricane, but she revealed her emotions caused b y the hurricane several nights after the hurricane by getting up in the middle of the night, going ou tside and crying softly.翻译：1. But, like thousands of others in the coastal communities, John was reluctant to abandon his home unless the family---his wife, Janis, and their seven children, aged 3 to 11--- was clearly endangered. 但是，和沿海地区其他成千上万的人一样，约翰不愿舍弃自己的家园，除非他的家人—自己的家人贾妮斯以及他们的7个孩子，大的11岁，小的才3岁—明显处于危险之中。
高级英语下册课后答案
高级英语下册课后答案UNIT 1Part 1 T ext-processingTeacher-aided Work ····································································Lead-inListen to the recorder and take notes. Then fill in each gap in the following passage with ONE word according to what you have heard. Finish your work within ten minutes.T ape script:Amy Tan, born in 1952, is a Chinese-American author from San Francisco who wrote the 1989 best-seller The Joy Luck Club. The daughter of immigrants, Tan spent most of her childhood in central California. In the late 1960s her father and one of her two brothers died of brain tumors and Tan‘s mother moved the family to Europe. After finishing high school in Switzerland in 1969, Tan returned to the United States and eventually ended up in California again, where she studied literature and linguistics at San Jose State University and earned a master‘s degree in 1973. She worked as a business writer and then began publishing short stories in 1986. The Joy Luck Club recounted the family tales of four modern Chinese-American women; it was widely hailed for its depiction of the Chinese-American experience of the late 20th century. Tan‘s other books have also fared well, includin g two children‘s books and a non-fiction collection, The Opposite of Fate: A Book of Musings(2003). Her novels include The Kitchen God’s Wife(1991), The Hundred Secret Senses (1995) and Saving Fish from Drowning (2005).The Joy Luck Club comprises sixteen stories told by four Chinese immigrant women and their four American-borndaughters, linked together by the narrative of Jing-mei Woo, whose mother had founded a women‘s social club in China to sustain its members‘ spirits during the communist revolution. The popular and critical success of this novel establishes Tan‘s preeminence as the novelist of Chinese American women—immigrant mothers and their offspring—who see each other in terms of their struggles to achieve an identity in China and in America.In h er essay ―Mother Tongue‖, Amy T an shares her personal story of the English she speaks, and how much the people around a person can change the way he or she speaks. While at home, her mother speaks to her in a ―broken‖ sort of choppy English that she can understand and she speaks to her mother in very simple English. But when she is talking to people she works with or deals with on a more business-oriented basis, she uses clearly spoken, grammatically correct Standard English. But it was not until giving a speech in a room where her mother was present that she finally realized how different these Englishes really are. She goes on to state how these different Englishes contribute to a person‘s identity, and how the way the individual negotiates those different Englishes within a so-called standard dialect contributes to his or her success with the mainstream culture. She also narrates how she herself challenged other people‘s assumptions about her language skills and became a successful writer.Passage for gap-filling:Amy Tan (1952—) is the author of the 1989 best-seller The Joy Luck Club. Born into an 1)immigrant family, Tan lived in central California for the greater part of her childhood, but finished high school inSwitzerland in 1969, and eventually 2) returned to California. After earning a master‘s degree in literature and linguistics at San Jose State University in 1973, she worked as a business writer and then began publishing short stories in 1986. Her other works include two children‘s books and a no n-fiction collection, and three 3) novels.In her essay ―Mother Tongue‖, Amy T an tells about how she realized that she uses many different forms of English on different 4) occasions, how these different Englishes give people different identities, and how they 5) decide /determine what people can achieve in the mainstream culture. She also narrates how she enjoyed the challenge of disproving people‘s assumptions about her language ability and became a successful writer.In-depth Comprehension1．Questions1) What does the title ―Mother Tongue‖ mean? What figure of speech is it?Ordinarily, ―mother tongue‖ means o ne‘s native language, the language learned by a child and passed from one generation to the next. Here it means the ―broken‖ English the author‘s mother speaks. It is a pun.2) Para 2: Why does the author use the plural form ―Englishe s‖? What does it properly refer to?The author here uses the plural form to emphasize the difference between the different forms of English she uses with different people. This plural form first appeared in the term ―New Englishes‖, which was used by Tom McArthur (1992) to refer to ―recently emerging and increasingly autonomous varieties of English, especially in a non-western setting, such as India, Nigeria,or Sing apore.‖3) Para 3: Does the sentence ―the talk was going along well enough, until I remembered one major difference that made the whole talk sound wrong‖ mean that at first the author spoke quite well but, when she remembered one difference, her speech was full of mistakes?No, it doesn‘t. It means that at first the author spoke confidently, believing that the language she was using—standard English—was quite suitable for her audience, but when she remembered the difference she felt that it was totally out of place.4) Para 4: What does ―our language of intimacy‖ refer to?It refers to the very informal language the author uses with her husband when they are alone, a kind of language which may be ungrammatical, just reflects the harmony between them and shows their care for each other.5) Para 5: What does the first word ―So‖ in the paragraph denote? What is your reason?It denotes purpose, because the structure ―So you‘ll…, I‘ll…‖ shows that ―So you‘ll…‖is a clause subordinate to the main clause ―I‘ll…‖ In that case, ―so‖ certainly introduces a clause of purpose instead of one of result, as the latter must follow the main clause.6) Para 5: Does ―her family‖ refer to the family the author‘s mother formed with her husband? What is the Chinese term for it?No, it doesn‘t. It refers to the author‘s mother‘ family before she married. The Chinese term would be ―她娘家‖.7) Para 6: What would this paragraph be like if the author‘s mother had expressed herself in good English?It would be something like: ―Du Y usong had businesses likefruit stands, of the kind on sidewalks. His family name was Du like Du Zong—but he was not from Tsung-ming Island, but from a place that the local people call Putong, on the east bank of the Huangpu River. He was a native of that side of t he river.‖8) Para 7: Why is the author so bothered by the terms ―broken English‖ and ―limited English‖which are used to describe her mother‘s English?She is so bothered because, though these terms point rightly to the fact that her mother‘s English is br oken or limited, at least in form, yet they also seem to imply that the content of what she says is broken and limited, which is not the case, as can be seen from Paragraph 18, where the author says that her mother‘s speech is full of ―what language abilit y tests can never reveal: her intent, her passion, her imagery, the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts.‖However, she can find no other term to simply denote the formal brokenness or limitedness of her English without the implication of brokenness or limitations in content.9) Para 9: What was not very convincing when Amy Tan spoke on the phone to her mother‘s stockbroker? What did she want it to convince him of?Her adolescent voice was not very convincing. She wanted it to convince the broker that it was her mother that was speaking to him.10) Para 10: As we know, whispering means talking in a barely audible voice or in a secret or confidential way; then why does the author put ―whisper‖ and ―loudly‖ together?Here the two words are placed together because the author is using the figure of speech called ―oxymoron‖ to express the mixed feelings of her mother: on the hand, she whispered so thatthe broker might not hear her speaking, but on the other hand her anger was making her voice louder and louder in spite of herself though it was still a husky whispering voice.11) Para 12: Since her mother‘s English is ―broken‖, why does the author say it is ―impeccable‖, which usually means ―flawless‖?Though ―impeccable‖ usually means ―flawless‖, it does not mean that her mother‘s English is flawless, but that the brokenness of her English is flawless, that is, it is utterly or completely or perfectly broken, just as we can say ―he is a perfect fool.‖12) Para 13: Does ―possibilities in life‖ refer t o what one can do in one‘s daily life, such as going shopping, playing games, etc.? How do you know?No. It refers to what one can learn, what careers one can pursue and what one can achieve in one‘s lifetime. The rest of this paragraph and the subsequent paragraphs show this answer to be true.13) Para 13: Does ―the language spoken in the family‖ refer to the language a child speaks in the family? Why?No. It refers to the language spoken by adults to a child, because it contrasts with ―the language of the child‖ and ―playsa large role in shaping‖ it.14) Para 13: What does ―scoring in the sixtieth or seventieth percentile‖ mean? How would you translate it into Chinese?It means ―getting sixty points or above or seventy points or above‖, which can be translated into“得六十几分，或七十几分”。
高级英语下册课文+知识点+课后练习+答案1.
Face to Face with Hurricane CamilleJoseph P. Blank1 John Koshak, Jr., knew that Hurricane Camille would be bad. Radio and television warnings had sounded throughout that Sunday, last August 17, as Camille lashed northwestward across the Gulf of Mexico. It was certain to pummel Gulfport, Miss., where the Koshers lived. Along the coasts of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama, nearly 150,000 people fled inland to safer 8round. But, like thousands of others in the coastal communities, john was reluctant to abandon his home unless the family -- his wife, Janis, and their seven children, abed 3 to 11 -- was clearly endangered.2 Trying to reason out the best course of action, he talked with his father and mother, who had moved into the ten-room house with the Koshaks a month earlier from California. He also consulted Charles Hill, a long time friend, who had driven from Las Vegas for a visit.3 John, 37 -- whose business was right there in his home ( he designed and developed educational toys and supplies, and all of Magna Products' correspondence, engineering drawings and art work were there on the first floor) -- was familiar with the power of a hurricane. Four years earlier, Hurricane Betsy had demolished undefined his former home a few miles west of Gulfport (Koshak had moved his family to a motel for the night). But that house had stood only a few feet above sea level. "We' re elevated 2a feet," he told his father, "and we' re a good 250 yards from the sea. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. We' II probably be as safe here as anyplace else."4 The elder Koshak, a gruff, warmhearted expert machinist of 67, agreed. "We can batten down and ride it out," he said. "If we see signs of danger, we can get out before dark."5 The men methodically prepared for the hurricane. Since water mains might be damaged, they filled bathtubs and pails. A power failure was likely, so they checked out batteries for the portable radio and flashlights, and fuel for the lantern. John's father moved a small generator into the downstairs hallway, wired several light bulbs to it and prepared a connection to the refrigerator.6 Rain fell steadily that afternoon; gray clouds scudded in from the Gulf on the rising wind. The family had an early supper. A neighbor, whose husband was in Vietnam, asked if she and her two children could sit out the storm with the Koshaks. Another neighbor came by on his way in-land — would the Koshaks mind taking care of his dog?7 It grew dark before seven o' clock. Wind and rain now whipped the house. John sent his oldest son and daughter upstairs to bring down mattresses and pillows for the younger children. He wanted to keep the group together on one floor. "Stay away from the windows," he warned, concerned about glass flying fromstorm-shattered panes. As the wind mounted to a roar, the house began leaking- the rain seemingly driven right through the walls. With mops, towels, pots andbuckets the Koshaks began a struggle against the rapidly spreading water. At 8:30, power failed, and Pop Koshak turned on the generator.8 The roar of the hurricane now was overwhelming. The house shook, and the ceiling in the living room was falling piece by piece. The French doors in an upstairs room blew in with an explosive sound, and the group heard gun- like reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated. Water rose above their ankles.9 Then the front door started to break away from its frame. John and Charlie put their shoulders against it, but a blast of water hit the house, flinging open the door and shoving them down the hall. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. Charlie licked his lips and shouted to John. "I think we' re in real trouble. That water tasted salty." The sea had reached the house, and the water was rising by the minute!10 "Everybody out the back door to the oars!" John yelled. "We' II pass the children along between us. Count them! Nine!"11 The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. But the cars wouldn't start; the electrical systems had been killed by water. The wind was too Strong and the water too deep to flee on foot. "Back to the house!" john yelled. "Count the children! Count nine!"12 As they scrambled back, john ordered, "Every-body on the stairs!" Frightened, breathless and wet, the group settled on the stairs, which were protected by two interiorwalls. The children put the oat, Spooky, and a box with her four kittens on the landing. She peered nervously at her litter. The neighbor's dog curled up and went to sleep.13 The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. The house shuddered and shifted on its foundations. Water inched its way up the steps as first- floor outside walls collapsed. No one spoke. Everyone knew there was no escape; they would live or die in the house.14 Charlie Hill had more or less taken responsibility for the neighbor and her two children. The mother was on the verge of panic. She clutched his arm and kept repeating, "I can't swim, I can't swim."15 "You won't have to," he told her, with outward calm. "It's bound to end soon."16 Grandmother Koshak reached an arm around her husband's shoulder and put her mouth close to his ear. "Pop," she said, "I love you." He turned his head and answered, "I love you" -- and his voice lacked its usual gruffness.17 John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. He had underestimated the ferocity of Camille. He had assumed that what had never happened could not happen. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed: "Get us through this mess, will You?"18 A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. The bottom steps of the staircase broke apart. One wall began crumbling on the marooned group.19 Dr. Robert H. Simpson, director of the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Fla., graded Hurricane Camille as "the greatest recorded storm ever to hit apopulated area in the Western Hemisphere." in its concentrated breadth of some 70 miles it shot out winds of nearly 200 m.p.h. and raised tides as high as 30 feet. Along the Gulf Coast it devastated everything in its swath: 19,467 homes and 709 small businesses were demolished or severely damaged. it seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 ~ miles away. It tore three large cargo ships from their mooringsand beached them. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.20 To the west of Gulfport, the town of Pass Christian was virtually wiped out. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished.21 Seconds after the roof blew off the Koshak house, john yelled, "Up the stairs -- into our bedroom! Count the kids." The children huddled in the slashing rain within the circle of adults. Grandmother Koshak implored, "Children, let's sing!" The children were too frightened to respond. She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away.22 Debris flew as the living-room fireplace and its chimney collapsed. With two walls in their bedroom sanctuary beginning to disintegrate, John ordered, "Into the television room!" This was the room farthest from the direction of the storm.23 For an instant, John put his arm around his wife. Janis understood. Shivering from the wind and rain and fear, clutching two children to her, she thought, Dear Lord, give me the strength to endure what I have to. She felt anger against the hurricane. We won't let it win.24 Pop Koshak raged silently, frustrated at not being able to do anything to fight Camille. Without reason, he dragged a cedar chest and a double mattress from a bed-room into the TV room. At that moment, the wind tore out one wall and extinguished the lantern. A second wall moved, wavered, Charlie Hill tried to support it, but it toppled on him, injuring his back. The house, shuddering and rocking, had moved 25 feet from its foundations. The world seemed to be breaking apart.25 "Let's get that mattress up!" John shouted to his father. "Make it alean-toagainst the wind. Get the kids under it. We can prop it up with our heads and shoulders!"26 The larger children sprawledon the floor, with the smaller ones in a layer on top of them, and the adults bent over all nine. The floor tilted. The box containing the litter of kittens slid off a shelf and vanished in the wind. Spooky flew off the top of a sliding bookcase and also disappeared. The dog cowered with eyes closed. A third wall gave way. Water lapped across the slanting floor. John grabbed a door which was still hinged to one closet wall. "If the floor goes," he yelled at his father, "let's get the kids on this."27 In that moment, the wind slightly diminished, and the water stopped rising. Then the water began receding. The main thrust of Camille had passed. The Koshaks and their friends had survived.28 With the dawn, Gulfport people started coming back to their homes. Theysaw human bodies -- more than 130 men, women and children died along the Mississippi coast- and parts of the beach and highway were strewn withdead dogs, cats, cattle. Strips of clothing festoonedthe standing trees, and blown down power lines coiledlike black spaghettiover the roads.29 None of the returnees moved quickly or spoke loudly; they stood shocked, trying to absorb the shattering scenes before their eyes. "What do we dot" they asked. "Where do we go?"30 By this time, organizations within the area and, in effect, the entire population of the United States had come to the aid of the devastated coast. Before dawn, the Mississippi National Guardand civil-defense units were moving in to handle traffic, guard property, set up communications centers, help clear the debris and take the homeless by truck and bus to refugee centers. By 10 a.m., the Salvation Army's canteen trucks and Red Cross volunteers and staffers were going wherever possible to distribute hot drinks, food, clothing and bedding.31 From hundreds of towns and cities across the country came several million dollars in donations; household and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. The federal government shipped 4,400,000 pounds of food, moved in mobile homes, set up portable classrooms, opened offices to provide low-interest, long-term business loans.32 Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi, dropping more than 28 inches of rain into West Virginia and southern Virginia, causing rampagingfloods, huge mountain slides and 111 additional deaths before breaking up over the Atlantic Ocean.33 Like many other Gulfport families, the Koshaks quickly began reorganizing their lives, John divided his family in the homes of two friends. The neighbor with her two children went to a refugee center. Charlie Hill found a room for rent. By Tuesday, Charlie's back had improved, and he pitched in with Seabeesin the worst volunteer work of all--searching for bodies. Three days after the storm, he decided not to return to Las Vegas, but to "remain in Gulfport and help rebuild the community."34 Near the end of the first week, a friend offered the Koshaks his apartment, and the family was reunited. The children appeared to suffer no psychological damage from their experience; they were still awed by the incomprehensiblepower of the hurricane, but enjoyed describing what they had seen and heard on that frightful night, Janis had just one delayed reaction. A few nights after the hurricane, she awoke suddenly at 2 a.m. She quietly got up and went outside. Looking up at the sky and, without knowing she was going to do it, she began to cry softly.35 Meanwhile, John, Pop and Charlie were picking through the wreckageof the home. It could have been depressing, but it wasn't: each salvaged item represented a little victory over the wrathof the storm. The dog and cat suddenly appeared at the scene, alive and hungry.36 But the bluesdid occasionally afflict all the adults. Once, in a low mood, John said to his parents, "I wanted you here so that we would all be together, so you could enjoy the children, and look what happened."37 His father, who had made up his mind to start a welding shop when living was normal again, said, "Let's not cry about what's gone. We' II just start all over."38 "You're great," John said. "And this town has a lot of great people in it. It' s going to be better here than it ever was before."39 Later, Grandmother Koshak reflected : "We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important."(from Rhetoric and Literature by P. Joseph Canavan)Face to Face with Hurricane Camille 词汇(Vocabulary)词汇(Vocabulary): a violent tropical cyclone with winds moving at 73 or more miles per hour，often accompanied by torrential rains，and originating usually in the West Indian region飓风---------------------------------------------------------------------: move quickly or violently猛烈冲击；拍打---------------------------------------------------------------------: beat or hit with repeated blows，esp．with the fist(尤指用拳头)连续地打---------------------------------------------------------------------: a way of behaving；mode 0f conduct行为；品行；做法---------------------------------------------------------------------: pull down．tear down，or smash to pieces (a building，etc．)，destroy：ruin拉倒；打碎；拆毁；破坏；毁灭---------------------------------------------------------------------:a hotel intended primarily for those traveling by car, usually with direct access from each room to an area for cars汽车游客旅馆---------------------------------------------------------------------: rough or surly in manner or speech；harsh and throaty；hoarse粗暴的，粗鲁的；粗哑的。
【大学英语专业教材】高级英语（张汉熙主编）第四册课文及习题详解
u the thesis ----“ All colonial empires are founded upon this fact”
u the author's central idea
uColonializa on is based on the fact that people are very poor.
un l it is needed.
u= store
ustowst –ow away = hide
u 土豆要在阴凉避光处储藏。 u Potatoes must be stowed in a cool dark place.
u stow away:
u My jewellery is safely stowed away in the bank. u The hungry boy stowed away all the food on the table.
upome --- apple
ugranate ---- uhaving many seeds
chant ---words repeated in a monotonous tone of voice
u 1. a word or group of words that is repeated over and over again, usually by more
ufrenTzhieedre – isa daj . warp in her nature. ufull of uncontrolled excitement
u那狗狂吠著跳起扑向闯进来的人. uThe dog jumped at the intruder with frenzied barks. u--- make frenzied efforts
高级英语下册课文知识点课后练习答案
12 So the next morning, the conversation over, one
looked it up. The phrase came into use some time in the 16th century. "Queen's English" is found in Nash's "Strange
under Saxon leaders like Hereward the Wake. "The King's English"—if the term had existed then—had become French.
And here in America now, 900 years later，we are still the
Pub Talk and the King's English
3 Pub Talk and the King' s English Henry Fairlie
1 Conversation is the most sociable of all human
activities. And it is an activity only of humans. However
Anglo-Saxon words. It is a pig in its sty ; it is y are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf). Chickens become poultry (poulet), and a calf becomes veal (veau). Even if our menus were not wirtten in
新编大学英语第三册课文翻译课后习题答案after_class_reading翻译1.doc
Unit 1羞怯的痛苦对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。
各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。
羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。
脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。
我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。
很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。
一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。
通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。
例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。
而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。
自信者热情、自发地投入生活。
他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。
有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。
相反，他们认为批评是-•种提醒他们改进的建议。
相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。
他们（是否）在做“该做的事情"需要得到别人的肯定。
害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。
他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。
羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞: “你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。
我知道这不是真的。
”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。
能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。
由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。
例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。
如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。
人们对自己的期望必须现实。
老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。
当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时我们正在自我否定。
高级英语下册课文+知识点+课后练习+答案13
Britannia Rues the WavesAndrew NeilBritain's merchant navy seldom grabs the headlines these days; it is almost a forgotten industry. Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nation's economy. Ninety-nine percent of our trade in and out of the country goes by ship—and over half of it in British ships.Shipping is also a significant British success story. It earns over￡1000 million a year in foreign exchange earnings: without our merchant fleet, the balance of payments would be permanently in deficit, despite North Sea oil. But ,today this vital British industry is more in peril than ever before. On almost all the major sea routes of the world, the British fleet risks being elbowed out by stiff foreign competition.The threat comes from two main directions: from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries who are now in the middle of a massive expansion of their merchant navies, and carving their way into the international shipping trade by severely undercutting Western shipping compaines; and from the merchant fleets of the developing nations, who are bent on taking over the lion's share of the trade between Europe and Africa, Asia and the Far East-- routes in which Britain has a bib stake.Today, the British fleet no longer dominates the high seas: our share of the world's merchant fleet has fallen from 40 per cent to around eight per cent. But, in terms of tonnage, the British merchant navy has continued to expand, it can now carry over two-thirds more than it could in 1914, and, almost alone among our traditional industries, shipping has remained a major success story.Unlike the rest of British industry, ship-owners invested big. In the early 1960s, the shipping companies cashed in on government grants and tax concessions. Between 1966 and 1976, British shippinglines invested at a rate of over ￡1 million a day. By the early 1970s, itseemed that, some-where in the world, a new British ship was being launched every week. The result is that Britain has a very modern fleet: the average age of our merchant ships is only six years, and over half the fleet is under five years old. For some time now, British shipping managers have stayed ahead of the competition by investing in the most sophisticated ships.The other major factor which has played a key role in the dominance of the British merchant navy is an institution invented by the British well over 100 years ago: the ‘conference'.In the middle of the 19th century, competition betweensailing-ships and steam-ships became out-throat, and price cutting ruined many long-established companies. So the ship owners got together to establish a more settled system, and they set up a system of price fixing. In other words, every possible type of cargo had a price, which all owners agreed to charge. It was, in fact, a cartel, though the British ship owners gave it the more dignified name of a’ conference'. The system has certainly stood the test of time. Today, there are about 300 conferences governing the trade-routes of the world, and the British still play a major role.By reducing competition, shipping conferences have taken some of the risk out of the dodgy business of moving goods by sea. They make it harder, perhaps, to make a big killing in good times, because you have to share the trade with other conference members. But they make it easier to weather the bad times, because there is no mad, competitive scramble for the available trade.By the early 1970s, bad times were just around the corner. The world shipbuilding boom reached its peak in 1973,but that was the year of the Arab-lsraeli war, which was followed rapidly by the quadrupling of oil prices. By 1974, the industrialised world had begun its slide into the worst depression since the 1980s, and the shipping industry had entered its long years of crisis.The first to be affected were the oil-tanker fleets. As oil demand was cut back, charter rates plummeted, and the estuaries of the world became jammed with the steadily increasing numbers of moth-ball tankers. Norway and Greece suffered most. British ship owners had not become so involved in the tanker boom in the first place, so they were not so badly affected. By 1976, the slump had begun to bite into the bulk-carrier trade. Bulk carriers are ships that carry dry cargo of one particular kind, such as sugar, coal or wheat, with iron ore being by far the most important. But with the world steel industry deep in the doldrums, who needed iron ore carriers? With its big bulk-carrier fleet, the British shipping industry now began to feel the pinch.Even though the slump spread fast into most shipping sectors, the British fleet was still a long way from bankruptcy. The one area which has weathered the economic storms best is that controlled by the conferences: the scheduled freight-liner services -- and that is where Britain's fleet is strongly entrenched.Liner-freight vessels offer people who want to send goods by sea a regular, scheduled shipping service; they follow agreed routes, or ‘lines', and call at ports on a greed dates. For example, i f I want to send a shipment of spare tractor parts from Taiwan to Bangkok, all I have to do is contact the Far East Freight Conference, and that will be able to tell me when the next liner ship will be calling at Taiwan, theexact date on which it will get to Bangkok, and the going freight rate. It is an ideal ‘parcel' service for people with cargoes that are not big enough to make it worth chartering a whole ship.It is also a plus for the ship owners not to be dependent on only one customer. Liner ships carry all sorts of different cargoes -- mainly finished manufactured goods -- so, if there is a slump in one particular industry, provided there is still buoyancy in other industries, the liner fleets can still survive. That gives them a distinct advantage over oil tankers or bulk carriers, because the latter are dependent on one or two basic raw materials. That is why Britain has remained relatively strong.Much of Britain's liner fleet rarely sees a British port. Our ships are extensive cross-traders; that is, they carry goods between foreign countries. British companies are big, for example, on theJapan-to-Australia run, and on the growing trade routes between the Far East and the Middle East, around the Persian Gulf. Until recently, those routes were highly profitable for the British companies, and a major source of foreign currency for Britain. They are also the routes on which the Third World and the Russians are out to make the biggest inroads.Most emerging countries in the Third World are out to carry a bigger share of their trade in their own ships. Developing countries regard a merchant navy as something of a status symbol -- the next thing to go for after a national airline. Singapore has expanded their fleet by 6 000 percent in the last 15 years, India by 400 percent.The challenge from the Third World has always been foreseen by our shipping companies. P & O, for example, while still out to increase the total freight it carries, is planning for a gradual reduction in its percentage share of the trade with the new shipping powers of the Third World. But P & O has no intention of throwing in the towel. The key tactic behind its strategy of holding on to the richest slice of the trade has been to move up-market -- to go where the Third World cannot follow: into high-technology investment.Containers, for example, were an American invention, but it was British ship owners who put up the money to pioneer the international deep-sea container service. Containers save time, because the loading is done in the factory or warehouse, rather than on the dockside, and they are very secure against theft; except for a code number on the outside, there is no indication of what is inside the box. To cash in on the container revolution, you need a sophisticated system of roads and railways, something that most Third World countries do not have: And container ships are expensive, around ￡50 million each.P & O's high-technology, high-investment strategy,however, is far from being the whole answer to the Third World threat. The developing countries are not out to compete with Western fleets by commercial means; they want to impose a set of rules which will guarantee them a major slice of the shipping trade. This demand has found official expression in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD. The UNCTAD liner code lays down that between two trading partners, 80 per cent of the freight should be split equally between their respective merchant fleets. That leaves only 20 per cent to go into the numerous cross-traders, all fighting for a share, and it is on these cross-trades that British liner companies earn 40 per cent of their revenue. Not enough countries have ratified the UNCTAD code yet to bring it into force. But if it does become universal, it could strike a severe blow to Britain's liner trade.The Iron Curtain countries represent an even greater and more organised threat to the future of Britain's liner ships, and it is a threat that is much more difficult to counter.Russia has expanded its cargo-liner fleet far faster than the growth in either its own trade or world trade would justify. Today, it has the largest liner fleet in the world and another one million tons should come into service before 1980. And with its policy of excessively low freight rates, the Russian merchant navy has already made major inroads into Western trade.Russia now carries 95 per cent of its seaborne trade with the EEC in its own ships. More important, it is biting deeply into the major cross-trading routes of the world. Eastern bloc countries -- Russia, with Poland and East Germany- have already captured 20 per cent of the cargo traffic on the busy sea-lanes of the North Atlantic, almost 25 per cent of the trade between Europe and South America and just about the same percentage of the trade between Europe and East Africa.How can the Russians afford to undercut by up to 40 percent? Well, Soviet ships are not necessarily out to make a profit, in our sense of the word. The name of the same ,for Russian ships, is hard currency. The Soviet Union is becoming more dependent on Western imports -- from grain to technology -- but the West will not accept roubles in payment. So Russia needs hard currencies, tike the dollar, the mark or the yen, even sterling, to pay for its imports. It is these currencies Russian ships earn as cross-traders. It does not matter very much if they are operating at a loss; that can be made up by the Soviet government in roubles.But there is more to it than that for the Russians. The Soviet mercantile marine obviously acts as a support to the Soviet navy, very much as Western fleets used to do. But there are importantdifferences. The Soviet merchant fleet, which has now been almost 20 years in growing, has developed the kinds of ships which would certainly expand the Soviet reach well beyond its perimeters. For example, much of the heavy equipment for the Cubans and Angolans was brought in Soviet merchant ships. So this mercantile marine capability is certainly a great advance in the Soviet ability to project their power at some distance from their own frontiers.And this is also part of a general Soviet hydrographic policy to map the oceans of the world, to get to know the ports and, above all, to deepen contacts with the states with whom the Russians are developing close trading ties.How can Western ship owners react to undercutting of 40 per cent that would drive them out of business if they did the same?There is a limit, of course, to what any British government can do on its own. Shipping is an essentially international business, and Britain can only counter the challenges of the developing world and the Russians at an international level. But whom could we count on for support? The EEC is so divided about shipping that it is almost powerless to act .Take the challenge of the developing world. The French do not mind the UNCTAD code on liner shipping because it would help them to increase their share of the liner trade; the same is true for the Germans and the Belgians. So Britain cannot rely on concerted EEC action on that issue. As far as the Russians are concerned, Britain, along with West Germany and Denmark, has been calling for a coordinated response; the monitoring of Russian ship movements and restrictions on the number of Russian ships allowed to call at EEC ports. But, last June, the French, because of their Russian ties, blocked plans along these lines. It will be November before the question is considered again.British ship owners are so far happy with the strength of the British government attempts to force the EEC into action. They believe that the Trade Department, which looks after shipping, understands their problems. But they are far less sure about other government ministers, especially those in the powerful Industry Department, which oversees shipbuilding. Ship owners fear that saving jobs in Britain's ailing shipyards comes well before saving its merchant fleet.British shipyards are currently churning out 24 vessels for Poland. The Poles were lured to Britain by the gift of a￡28 million subsidy and the promise that British shipbuilders would raise all the credit; so while our shipping fleet is under attack from communist ships, our government is using British taxpayers' money to out their shipbuilding costs. We are doing the same for developing countries'fleets. India is now a major Third World shipping power, yet Britain is to build six ships for the Indians -- for nothing.In the end, British companies could be driven out of shipping altogether. Some, such as P & O, have already moved into other fields, from house building to oil. Smaller shipping lines do not have the resources to diversify. They face extinction. And when they go, so does a huge slice of the few traditional industries worth keeping.词汇(Vocabulary):[poetic]Great Britain or the British Islands[诗]大不列颠；不列颠群岛---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :repent of；regret having entered into：wish nonexistent懊悔；抱憾---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :the amount by which a sum of money is less than the required amount 亏空，亏损；赤字---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :exposure to harm or injury；danger；jeopardy(严重的)危险；冒险----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:sell goods more cheaply or work for smaller wages than(sb．doing the same)；sell at lower prices or work at lower wages than比以别人低的价格出售(商品)；索价低于他人----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:the total amount of shipping of a country or port，calculated in tons(一国或一港口的)船舶总吨数---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :an association of industrialists，business firms. etc．for establishing a national or international monopoly by price fixing，ownership of controlling stock，etc．[经]卡特尔----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:[BrE]risky and possibly dangerous[英]冒险的；危险的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:rough struggle；a disorderly struggle or rush争夺，抢夺----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:make or become four times as much or as many；multiply by four(使)成四倍；以四乘----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:drop drastically垂直落下；骤然跌落----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:an inlet or arm of the sea；the wide mouth of a river where the tide meets the current(江河人海的)河口，港湾----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:①marble—sized balls of naphthalene. stored with clothes (esp．woolens)to repel moths；②the state of being stored，or kept in existence but not used①樟脑丸；卫生球②封存；保藏---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :a decline in business activity，price，etc．(物价等)暴跌；(市场等)萧条----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:low spirits；dull，gloomy，listless feeling情绪低落，意志消沉；忧闷，忧郁，忧愁---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :a painful，difficult，or straitened circumstance困苦的处境，贫困的境地----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:establish securely(used in passive voice or with a reflexive pronoun)确保(地位等)；确立(用于被动语态或与反身代词连用)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:(usu．pl．)injurious intrusion on or into；influence of one party that undermines that of another(通常为复数)损害，侵蚀----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:the property(as of price or business activity)of maintaining a satisfactory high level(物价)上涨的趋向；(生意)兴盛的趋向---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :the monetary of the former Soviet Union卢布(前苏联货币单位)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:British money英国货币----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:of or characteristic of merchants or trade；commercial商人的；贸易的；商业的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:the outer boundary of a figure or area；circumference周；周边；周围----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:of the study，description，and mapping of oceans，lakes，and rivers，esp. with reference to their navigational and commercial uses水文学的；水文测验学的；水文地理学的(尤指水道测量学)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:in poor health；sickly患病的；病痛的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:(used in churn out)produce a large quantity of sth．; produce in quantity without quality；produce in a regular flow without much thought or expression，usu．with some abundance(用于churn out)大量生产出；大量地粗制滥造；大量写出----------------------------------------------------------------------------------短语(Expressions): be determined on(a coupe of action)决心采取(某行动) 例：He is bent on winning at all costs．他决心不惜一切去争取胜利。
高级英语课后习题答案下册
高级英语课后习题答案下册Title: Advanced English Class Homework Answers - Volume IIAs a student in an advanced English class, it is crucial to not only understand the material but also to be able to apply it in various contexts. This is why completing homework assignments is so important. In this article, we will go over the answers to some of the homework questions from the second volume of our advanced English textbook.1. In the reading comprehension section, we were asked to read a passage about the impact of technology on society and answer questions about it. One of the questions asked us to identify the main idea of the passage. The main idea was that technology has both positive and negative effects on society, and it is up to us to use it responsibly.2. In the grammar section, we had to complete a series of exercises focusing on verb tenses. One of the questions asked us to fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. For example, "By the time we (arrive) at the party, everyone (leave) already." The correct answers would be "arrived" and "had left."3. In the vocabulary section, we were given a list of words and asked to write sentences using each word in context. For example, one of the words was "ubiquitous," and a possible sentence could be "In today's society, smartphones have become ubiquitous, with almost everyone owning one."4. In the writing section, we were asked to write an argumentative essay on agiven topic. One of the topics was whether or not social media has a positive impact on society. We had to provide evidence and examples to support our argument. This was a great opportunity to practice structuring an argument and using persuasive language.Overall, the homework from the second volume of our advanced English class was challenging but rewarding. It allowed us to practice and apply the skills we have been learning in class. By completing these exercises, we are not only reinforcing our understanding of the material but also improving our ability to communicate effectively in English. This will be invaluable as we continue our studies and enter the professional world.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
The Tale of Albert Einstein’s “Greatest Blunder”By Neil deGrasse TysonConsolidation WorkI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary.1. transient2. repulsive3. embarrassed4. seethe with5. asserted6. blunders7. tantamount to8. work out9. elbow their way 10. permeated 11. Embedded 12. convincing 13. part and parcel 14. in effect 15. scrutinyII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks.1. elliptical2. provocation3. noticeably4. predictive; predict5. Cosmology; cosmologists6. specialization7. distorted8. eternal9. reconciliation 10. unassailableIII. Paraphrase the following sentences taken from the text.1.It is Albert Einstein’s theory that has caused these ideas to appear in 20th-centuryphysics, and these ideas are equally difficult to understand.2.Every few years, scientists who test phenomena with lab equipment makeexperiments that are more and more accurate to test Albert Einstein’s theory of General Relativity, but they only turn out to go beyond the limits of its accuracy (turn out to increase its accuracy).3.Most scientific models are only inadequate ones that are not well planned orconsidered, and the factors or limits that these models establish can be slightly changed/altered to make these models match the universe that has been known to man.4.From time to time in the past years, theorists would pick up again and reexaminelambda which was more commonly known as the “cosmological constant”and had been rejected as one of the theories that were not believed to be true.5.When physicists reused lambda and put it back in Einstein’s original equations forgeneral relativity, the actual universe that people knew agreed with the model universe that Einstein’s equations described (what the universe actually was agreed with what Einstein’s equations described it to be).6.“Dark Energy” beat the other names and was adopted as the right term and thisterm itself very well expresses our ignorance of what that energy is or what produces this energy.7.Dark energy isn’t something that has got no theory to support it.IV. Test your general knowledge.1．For his work in theoretical physics, notably on the _____________, Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.A. general relativityB. special relativityC. photoelectric effectD. cosmological constant2. In 1916 he completed his mathematical formulation of a general theory of relativity that included ___________ as a determiner of the curvature of a space-time continuum.A. gravitationB. anti-gravitationC. dark energyD. cosmological constant3. Which of the following statements about Albert Einstein is true? ___________A. After Hitler’s rise to power, Einstein left Germany and worked from 1934 inUSA. On October 1, 1940, Einstein became an American citizen. He remained both an American and a Swiss citizen until his death on April 18, 1955.B. In 1939, Einstein sent a letter to President Truman urging the study of nuclearfission for military purposes, under fears that the Nazi government would be first to develop nuclear weapons.C. In addition to the theory of relativity, Einstein is also known for hiscontributions to the development of the atomic bomb.D. Einstein spent the later part of his life attempting to establish a merger betweenunified field theory and his general theory of relativity.4. Which of the following statements is not the idea belonging to the big-bang theory?____________A. At the beginning of time, all of the matter and energy in the universe wasconcentrated in a very dense state, from which it exploded, with the resulting expansion continuing until the present.B. The big bang is dated between 10 and 20 billion years ago.C. In the initial state, the universe was very hot and contained a thermal soup ofquarks, electrons, photons, and other elementary particles.D. The universe has always expanded, with no beginning or end, at a uniform rateand it always will expand and maintain a constant density.5. Newton’s apple is a popular story claiming that Newton was inspired to formulate his ______________ by the fall of an apple from a tree.A. laws of motionB. theory of universal gravitationC. conservation of momentumD. development of calculus6. The solar system comprises the Sun and the retinue of celestial objectsgravitationally bound to it: currently there are officially ___________ and their 165 known moons, as well as asteroids, meteoroids, planetoids, comets, and interplanetary dust.A. nine starsB. eight starsC. nine planetsD. eight planets7. Which theory concluded that the expansion of the universe is approximatelyuniform and the greater the distance between any two galaxies, the greater their relative speed of separation? ____________A. The Big-Bang theoryB. The Big-Rip theoryC. The Steady-State theoryD. Hubble’s Law8. At the end of the 20th century, the study of very distant supernovas led to the belief that the cosmic expansion was accelerating. To explain this cosmologists postulated a repulsive force, ____________, which counteracts gravity and pushes galaxies apart.A. black holeB. dark energyC. universal constantD. cosmic force9. Stephen Hawking showed that if the general theory of relativity was correct the universe must have a __________, or starting point, in space-time.A.singularityB.black holeC.dark matterD.boundary10. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ___________A. According to Einstein’s special theory of relativity, which is a geometricinterpretation of gravitation, matter produces gravitational effects by actually distorting the space about it.B. In 1687, Newton used the Latin word gravitas (weight) for the force that wouldbecome known as gravity, and defined the law of universal gravitation.C. Edwin Hubble, American astronomer, was the first to offer observationalevidence to support the theory of the expanding universe.D. In 1971 Hawking, British theoretical physicist,provided mathematical supportfor the big-bang theory of the origin of the universe.11. The galaxy we live in is called the Milky Way. It is shaped approximatelylike__________.A. a round ballB. a doughnutC. a pretzelD. a flat spiral12. Unlike most other fish, sharks have no __________.A. bonesB. teethC. gillsD. liver13. Alexander Graham Bell is best known for inventing the telephone, but he was aman of many interests. Another product for which he received patents was__________.A. a cement-burning kilnB. a hydrofoil boatC. a “magic lantern” projectorD. a vacuum cleaner14. It is now believed that dinosaurs became extinct because of __________.A. viral diseasesB. hunting by early humansC. a worldwide period of climatic coolingD. a meteorite impact15. Kinetic energy is __________.A. life energy, possessed only by living organismsB. only important at subatomic distancesC. energy of movementD. a rare form of energy sometimes observed in deep space1-5 CAADB 6-10 DDBAA 11-15 DABDC11 D The Milky Way has four spiral arms radiating out from a central cluster of starsor "nucleus". Our solar system is located on one of the spiral arms, quite far from the center.12. A A shark’s skeleton is made of cartilage, a material somewhat softer and m oreflexible than bone.13. B In later life, while living in Canada, Bell worked with Casey Baldwin todevelop a practical hydrofoil watercraft. In 1919, his HD-4 craft set a world marine speed record of over 70 miles (110 km) per hour that stood for ten years.14. D A large meteorite is thought to have collided with the earth at the end of theCretaceous period, some 65 million years ago. It probably struck near Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula. The extinctions were caused by climate changes resulting from the collision.15. C Anything that moves has kinetic energy. In a collision between objects, kineticenergy is transferred from one object to the other.V. Proofread the following passage.As scientific advances bring cloning out of the realm ofscience fiction and into the domain of medical reality, concernis growing ^ what the possible implications will be. Many fear that 1. aboutit could have disastrous consequences. Will experiments gone awryresult to deformed human beings? Will people replicate themselves 2. infor egomaniacal reasons? Will the concept of human identitydrastically change? “Life is a creation, not a commodity,” PresidentBush argued last month in a speech before Congress, and as for such, 3. forhe emphasized, it should not be manufactured through cloningas though it was some kind of specialty goods. 4. were But many also argue that an important distinction needs to berecognized between “reproductive cloning,” in which the goal isthe creation of a full-fledged human being, and “therapeutic cloning,”in which the goal is the creation of a several-day-old embryo ^ which 5. from undifferentiated stem cells can be harvested and potentially used tocure a variety of devastated diseases. Those who believe that human 6. devastating life begins with the very existence of an embryo cannot countenancea procedure that involves an embryo's creation and destruction, evenon a very early stage. But those who believe that human life does not 7. at begin at least when an embryo's cells have begun to differentiate 8. until themselves into distinctly human tissue feel that prohibiting such 9. tissues research—which could save the lives of many people for cancer, 10. with diabetes, heart disease, and other illnesses—would in itself bereprehensible and disrespectful of human life.You Are What You SayI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary.1.faux-pas2.is built into3.endearment4.leeway5.corroboration6.paraphrasable7.idiosyncrasy/idiosyncrasies8.consummate9.girl Friday10.frivolity11.apt to12.pejoratively13.show up14.assertive15.undermineII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks.1.inadequacy2.engagement3.assert4.confirmation5.subliminal6.address7.immature8.pursuit, pursuit/pursuance9.originality, original10.fussyIII. Paraphrase.1. As I know, there is no evidence which can prove that women can distinguish more colors than men do.I can’t prove that women can see more col ors than men do.2. By using a tag question, a speaker is able to avoid being certain so that he can prevent himself from arguing or quarreling or disagreeing with the listener.3. As far as I know, the typical sentence-intonation pattern which is used almost only by women turns a positive answer into a question.4. An order/ A command that has been made clear by the speaker means a threatening consequence if it is not followed/obeyed. And it also means that the speaker is in a higher position and thuscan impose the order on the listener, which is more impolite.5. Using requests to express wishes, on the other hand, a speaker means that only he / the speaker will take the consequences if the listener doesn’t grant / carry out the request.By expressing wishes through making requests (as the speaker requests the listener to do him a favor, the speaker means that he himself will take the consequences if the listener doesn’t do him the favor.IV. Test your general knowledge.1. B.2. A3. A4. C5. D6. C. 7A 8.B. 9. B 10. C 11. D. 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. AV. Proofread the following passage.1. avoid→to avoid2. points→points out3. his→her4. a→the5. at→as6. with→without7. much→much more8. are→is9. were→are10. are→isThe World of DoublespeakI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary.1. circumvent2. ambushed3. revenue4. inflate5. dividend6. shorthand7. theft8. laid off9. at variance with10. subject-matter11. preemptive12. cover up13. cynicism14. fall on15. subject toII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in theblanks.1.insight2.distaste3.grieve4.deprivation5.enhance6.co-operative7.legitimate8.hostility9.assembling10.profundityIII. Paraphrase.1.Doublespeak is language that protects the speaker from taking responsibility (being sure ofwhat he is saying) and it is language that is different from its real or intended / supposed meaning (from what it really refers to).2.But a euphemism can also be a skillful / clever word or phrase. Using this word or phrase, thespeaker can avoid directly talking about something serious or unpleasant. Or the speaker uses this word or phrase because he/she is considerate of what someone else feels (because he/she doesn’t want to hurt someone else’s feelings) or because he/she doesn’t want to directly talking about something that is forbidden by a social / cultural custom (something that is not supposed to be mentioned directly in some societies or cultures).3.For example, when talking about property that is stolen, destroyed in an accident, or takenover for public use, lawyers refer to it as property that is transferred against the owner’s will.4.It is a difficult problem to find the specific, right time to stop the rapid increase in riskpremiums caused by falling incomes and at the same time not to end too early / in advance the fall / drop / decrease in the risk premiums caused by inflation.5.If we really think that we understand doublespeak and that doublespeak expresses andpromotes clear thought, then we will fall victim to a world described in George Orwell’s 1984, in which language controls everything (in which the totalitarian political regime controls everything through language).IV. Test your general knowledge.1. D2. A3. C4. B5. B6. A7. D8. C9. B10. A 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. A 15. BV. Proofread the following passage.1. bring→brings2. has large→has a large3. grip→gripping4. by→through5. through→by6. all→every7. lying→lies8. call→calls9. instead→instead of10. with→with aPair WordsThe World of DoublespeakPlain Terms DoublespeakThe Cost of Starting Families FirstI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary.1. make ends meet2. perk3. cut back on4. unencumbered5. conundrum6. sabbatical7. intangible8. time off9. way 10. skimp on11. put … on hold12. stuck on 13. thrived 14. fledgling 15. ended upII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks.1. accomplish2. matures3. inseparable4. expenses5. pregnant6. elevator7. ease8. scarcity9. administration 10 maintenanceIII. Paraphrase.1.Besides the happy / pleasant pictures of babies learning to walk and ride bikes and of collegegraduation ceremonies on which parents feel happy and moved into tears, being parents means having to keep making sacrifices, spending money raising children and thinking over the losses and gains of doing like that.Parents may have great times seeing their babies learning to walk and ride bikes, and they may feel happy to see their children finish college and be moved into tears, but being parents also means. . . .It may be a great moment or pleasure for parents to see their babies learning to walk and ride bikes and to see in excitement and tears their grown-up children graduated from college, but being parents also means. . . .2.There is no doubt that you will have to spend a lot of money and the most part of your life andenergy raising children, and at least many women will have to give up their careers to have children first.3.She will not have had enough time to develop her career, so she will have to start her familyand raise a child while she begins to develop her career or she will have to give up her beginning career first in order to raise a child and return years later to start from the very beginning work / position after her school friends who do not have children have had better work / positions. (clock指上班考勤、打卡上班，clock few years意思是上班打卡打不了几年，即没有多少时间搞事业；nurture a new life指养育新生命，即成家养孩子；nurture a fledgling career指发展刚刚起步的事业；entry-level work指刚起步时的初级工作或初级职位)4.Many parents who are in their 20’s can take the responsibility of raising children easily or canadapt themselves to parenthood easily (It can be easy for many parents to take the responsibility of raising children / to adapt themselves to parenthood), but others feel that they are not old / mature enough to raise children, and the sudden responsibility of raising children can put their marriages in danger / crisis (can cause their marriages to break up or can cause them to end up in divorce).5.The husband has to overwork himself to cover all the expenses of the family, so that he willnot have enough time to spend with his children and wife and he will be estranged from hiswife (he will not be as intimate with his wife as before; his relationship with his wife will not be as intimate as before).IV. Test your general knowledge.1. B2. A3. A4. C.5. C6. D7. C8. A9. B 10. A11. D 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. DV. Proofread the following passage.The majority of tribal and peasant societies in the past have had an “elementary” marriage system in Levi-Straussian term. That is to say,marriage was not based on individual but ^ group choice and was 1. on determined by birth status, in other words kinship position. Marriagehas characteristically occurred at a very early age for women andmaximum fertility is aimed for. This very highly fertility was balancedby heavy mortality, either perennial or in periodic crises, often 2. perennially triggered by war. Thus the checks were mainly of a positive kind,acting through the biology of disease or starvation. In thisdemographic world, man was on the mercy of the environment. 3. at There were periods of disturbance of the balance with rapid populationgrowth for short periods before the positive checks operate again. 4. operated When the situation now in Europe is compared with that in the greathistoric civilizations of India, China, Egypt or much of Europe upto the end of the eighteenth century, ^ is clear that a revolution has 5. it occurred. The demographic pattern is entirely different and so is themating pattern. How and why this transformation occurred has important implications for the origins in industrialization and the current 6. of demographic patterns in the Third World. The study of mating patternsin the past has been transformed over the last twenty or so years by the applications of new method and the discovery of new materials. 7. methods Historical materials concerning marriages, births and deaths areextremely difficult to use and for a long time it seemed unlikely thatmuch could be learnt in the detail concerning such intimate matters before 8. the the nineteenth century. The work of historical demographers, particularlyin France and England, has changed the situation. Applying the methodof“family reconstitution”, that is the linking of baptisms, marriages andburials, to the registers, and combining these with listings of inhabitantsand other documents, have provided a new picture of the emergence of 9. has that unique west European marriage pattern, to which Hajnal drewattention some twenty years ago. This study concentrate on the English 10. concentrates phenomenon, for it was in England that it was shown in its mostextreme and most precocious form.。