卢湾区2010学年第一学期高三年级期末考试评分标准(定稿)

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卢湾区2010高三语文第一学期期末质量抽查试卷

卢湾区2010高三语文第一学期期末质量抽查试卷阅读（80 分）（一）阅读下文，完成第1-6 题。

（l6 分）①人类之所以有今天这样的文明，文学在其中的力量和功德是不言而喻的。

难道文学要中断这样的责任了吗？让生活向下还是向上，向善还是向恶，难道文学就完全没有必要对这样最起码的问题进行拷问吗？“如果川端康成与大江健三两人生活的年代颠倒一下，大江在川端时代写大江式的作品，川端在大江的时代写川端式的作品，这两个日本人还会获得诺贝尔文学奖吗？”回答几乎是肯定的：不会。

因为川端时代的文学的标准还不只是“深刻”一维。

而大江时代，却将川端文学的命根子——美——彻底抛弃了。

②这个时代，是一个横着心要将“美”搞成矫情字眼、一提及就自觉浅薄的时代。

这个时代是讲思想神话的时代，悠悠万事，唯有思想——思想宝贝。

文学企图使人相信，在这个世界上，唯一值得人们尊重的就是思想，思想是高于一切的；谁在思想的峰巅，谁就是英雄，谁就应当名利双收。

正是在这样的语境中，我们患上了“恋思癖”的毛病。

对思想的变态追求，已使我们脱离了常识。

当我们穷凶极恶地在追求思想深度的时候，我们忘记一个掌识：获得石油必须钻井，因为石油蕴藏在具有一定深度的地下，但如果以为钻得越深就越有石油那就错了，因为再无止境地钻下去，就是泥浆和岩浆了。

思想崇拜，会导致思想迷信，而思想迷信则一定会导致思想的变态，其结果就是我们放弃常识，进入云山雾罩的思想幻觉。

其实，一旦背离真实，一个看上去再深刻的思想，也是无意义的。

（）这世界上有力量的并不只有思想。

我还是愿意重复我的老话：美的力量丝毫也不亚于思想的力量，有时甚至比思想的力量更加强大。

③“一种牺牲民族甚至人类体面的文学境界，是值得我们赞美和崇尚的境界吗？”斯洛文尼亚的齐泽克在谈到前南斯拉夫时代萨拉热窝被围困的情状时说，那些闻风而来的西方记者争先恐后寻找的只是：残缺不全的儿童尸体、被强奸的妇女、饥饿不堪的战俘。

这些都是可以满足饥饿的西方眼睛的绝好食粮。

2011卢湾区期高三期末试卷有答案(数学)-卢湾区2010学年第一学期高三年级期末考试key

卢湾区2010学年第一学期高三年级期末考试数学参考答案及评分标准 2011.1一．填空题（本大题满分56分）本大题共有14小题，每个空格填对得4分．1．{} 2 2．(0, 1) 3．5, 44ππ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭4 5．12 6．57．1320 8．5 9．6 10．0.7 11．（理）6（文）2 12．1513．14 14．1()2n a b -+ 二．选择题（本大题满分20分）本大题共有4题，每题有且只有一个正确答案，选对得5分，否则一律得零分．15．A 16．C 17．D 18．B三．解答题（本大题满分74分）本大题共有5题，解答下列各题必须写出必要的步骤． 19．（本题满分12分）本题共2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分6分．（1）由2i z +是实数，可设2iz+= a ，R a ∈，故(2i)2i z a a a =+=+， ………………3分所以2i z z a -=，又4i z z -=，可得24a =，即2a =，所以42i z =+． ………………6分（2）由|i |5z m -<，可得|4(2)i |5m +-<，又R m ∈5 ………………9分即216(2)25m +-<，解得15m -<<，所以实数m 的取值范围是(1,5) -． ………………12分 20．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分8分，第2小题满分6分．（1）由(2)q p q -⊥，可得(2)q p -·q =0， ………………2分即2||2q p -·0q =，又(cos ,sin )p B B =- ，(cos ,sin )q C C = 所以22cos sin 2(cos cos sin sin )0C C B C B C +--=，即1cos()2B C +=，又0B C π<+<， ………………6分 ∴3B C π+=，故2π()3A B C π=-+=． ………………8分（2）在△ABC 中，由2222cos BC AB AC AB AC A =+-⋅，可得22()2(1cos )BC AB AC AB AC A =+-⋅+， ………………10分即22142(1)2AB AC =-⋅⋅-，故4AB AC ⋅=， ………………12分∴11sin 422S AB AC A =⋅=⨯= ………………14分21．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分．（1）延长RP 交AB 于E ，延长QP 交AD 于F ，由ABCD 是正方形，PRCQ 是矩形，可知,PE AB PF AD ⊥⊥，由TAP θ∠=，可得6cos EP θ=，6sin FP θ=，∴76sin PR θ=-，76cos PQ θ=-， ………………4分 ∴(76sin )(76cos )S PR PQ θθ=⋅=--4942(sin cos )36sin cos θθθθ=-++故S 关于θ的函数解析式为4942(sin cos )36sin cos =-++S θθθθπ(0)2θ≤≤．……6分（2）由sin cos t θθ+=，可得22(sin cos )t θθ=+ 12sin cos θθ=+，即21sin cos 2t θθ-=， ∴22494218(1)184231S t t t t =-+-=-+． ……………9分又由π02θ≤≤，可得3π444ππθ≤+≤，故πsin cos )[14t θθθ=++∈，∴S 关于t 的表达式为2184231S t t =-+（∈t ）． ……………11分又由271318()62S t =-+，t ∈可知当t =时，S 取最大值，故S的最大值为67-． ………………14分 22．（本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分．（1）由1,()4a f x =-=，可得224x x --=，设2x t =，则有14t t --=，即2410t t --=，解得2t = ………………2分当2t =时，有22x =+2log (2x =．当2t =时，有22x =故所求x的值为2log (2+． ………………4分（2）设12,[1,),x x ∈+∞且12x x >，则112212()()(22)(22)x x x x f x f x a a ---=+-+21121222(22)2x x x x x x a +-=-+12121222(2)2x x x x x x a ++-=- ………………7分由12x x >，可得1222x x >，即12220x x ->由12,[1,),x x ∈+∞12x x >，可得122x x +>，故12240x x +>>，又4a ≤，故122x x a +>，即1220x x a +->TNFE RQθPD CBA所以12()()0f x f x ->，即12()()f x f x >，故函数()f x 在[1,)+∞上是增函数． ………………10分（3）由2(2)[()]f x f x >2222222222x x x x a a --⇔+>++222()20x a a a -⇔-+< ………………12分设22x t -=，由[0,1]x ∈，可得1[,1]4t ∈，由存在[0,1]x ∈使得2(2)[()]f x f x >，可得存在1[,1]4t ∈，使得2()20a a t a -+<， ………………14分令2()()20g t a a t a =-+<，故有211()()2044g a a a =-+<或2(1)()20g a a a =-+<，可得70a -<<．即所求a 的取值范围是(7,0)-． ………………16分 23．（本题满分18分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分8分，第3小题满分6分．（1）当a n +b n 2≥0时，b n +1－a n+1= a n +b n 2 -a n = b n -a n2；当a n +b n 2<0, b n +1－a n +1 = b n - a n +b n 2 = b n -a n 2．所以，总有b n +1－a n +1 = 12(b n -a n ),又110,0b a ><，可得110b a ->，所以数列｛b n －a n ｝是等比数列． ………………4分（2）①由111,2a b =-=，可得111022a b +=>，故有11221[,][,]2a ba b a +=， ∴112122a b b +==，211a a ==-，从而222a b =-，故当n =1时，222n n a b =-成立． ………………6分 ②假设当n k =时，222n n a b =-成立，即222k k a b =-，由22230k k k b a b -=>，可得20k b >，2222220222k k k k k a b b b b +-+==-<, 故有2221212[,][,]2k k k k k a b a b b +++=， ∴22221212,22k k k k k k a b ba b b +++==-=, ………………9分222121220224k kk k k bb a b b ++-++==>,故有2121222221[,][,]2k k k k k a ba b a ++++++= ∴212122224k k k k a b b b ++++==, 222212k k k ba a ++==-，故2(1)2(1)2k k ab ++=-∴当1n k =+时，222n n a b =-成立．综合①②可得对一切正整数n ，都有222n n a b =-． ………………12分（3）假设存在11,a b ，使得数列{}n a 为常数数列，由（1）可得b n －a n =11()b a -(12)n -1，又1n a a =，故b n =111()a b a +-(12)n -1， ………………14分由1n n a a +=恒成立，可知a n +b n 2≥0,即111()a b a +-(12)n≥0恒成立，即2n ≤111a b a -对任意的正整数n 恒成立， ………………16分又111a b a -是正数，故n ≤1121log a ba -对任意的正整数n 恒成立，因为1121log a b a -是常数，故n ≤1121log a ba -不可能对任意正整数n 恒成立．故不存在11,a b ，使得数列{}n a 为常数数列． ………………18分。

上海卢湾区高三第一学期期末试卷

第1页共10页试卷卢湾区2008学年第一学期高三年级期末考试物理试卷（本卷g 取10m/s 2，测试时间为120分钟，满分150分）一. （20分）填空题.本大题共5小题，每小题4分. 1 •图中所示的由基本门电路组成的电路中，图 _________ 用的是与门电路,能使小灯泡发光的是图中的 __________ （请写图下的序号）。

2•如图所示，汽车通过滑轮装置把重物从深井中提升上来，汽车从滑轮正下方9m 处由静止起动做匀加速直线运动，加速度大小为1.5m/s 2, 4s 末时重物上升的高度为 _________ m ，重物的速度大小为 ____________ m /s 。

3•—定质量的理想气体状态变化如图所示，其中 AB 段与t 轴平行，已知在状态A 时气体的体积为10L ，那么变到状态B 时气体的体积为，变到状态C 时气体的温度为4 •光滑平行的金属导轨长为 2m ,两导轨间距为 0.5m ，轨道平面与水平面的夹角为 30°导轨上端接一阻值为 0.5 Q 的电阻R ,其余电阻不计。

轨道所在空间有垂直轨道平面向上的匀强磁场，磁感应强度为1T 。

有一不计电阻的金属棒 ab 的质量为0.5kg ，放在导轨的最上端，如图所示。

当ab 棒从最上端由静止开始自由下滑，到达底端脱离轨道时，电阻上产生的热量为1J 。

则金属棒在轨道上运动的过程中流过电阻 R 的电量大小为 ________ C ,金属棒速度的最大值为 5•如图所示，ACB 是一光滑的、足够长的、固定在竖直平面内的 CB 边与竖直方向的夹角均为0 =3° P 、Q 两个轻质小环分别套在CA 、CB 上，两根细绳的一端分别系在 P 、Q 环上，另一端和一绳套系在一起，结点为 0。

将质量为m 的钩码挂在绳套上，OP 、OQ 两根细绳拉直后的长度分别用 1“ I ?表示，受到的拉力分别用 F ! 和F 2表示。

卢湾区2010学年第一学期高三年级期末考试1

卢湾区高三第一学期年级期末数学试卷姓名：_________班级：________ 得分：________一．填空题（本大题满分56分）本大题共有14小题，考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分．1．已知全集{1,2,3,4,5,6}U =，集合{1,3,5}A =，{1,2}B =，则()UA B = ．2．函数1lg(1)y x=-的定义域是． 3．方程sin cos x x =在[0,2π)上的解集是．4．当πcos12=a 时，行列式211121a a +-的值是．5．222135lim(212121n n n n →∞++++++ (2)2121n n -++）的值为． 6．已知函数()y f x =是奇函数，当0x <时，()f x =2x ax +()a ∈R ，且(2)6f =，则a = ． 7．一个算法的程序框图如图所示，则该算法运行后输出的结果为 .8．若方程1n 2100x x +-=的解为0x ，则大于0x 的最小整数是． 9．已知函数()(2)2af x x x x =+>-的图像过点(3,7)A ，则此函数的最小值是．10．在一次招聘口试中，每位考生都要在5道备选试题中随机地抽出3道题回答，答对其中2道题即为及格．若一位考生只会回答5道题中的3道题，则这位考生能够及格的概率为．11．（理）某投篮游戏规定：每轮至多投三次，直到首次命中为止．第一次就投中，得8分；第一次不中且第二次投中，得6分；前两次均不中且第三次投中，得4分；三次均不中，得0分．若某同学每次投中的概率为0.5，则他每轮游戏的得分X 的数学期望为．（文）若实数x , y 满足不等式组10,10,0.x y x y y -+≥⎧⎪+-≤⎨⎪≥⎩则2z x y =+的最大值为．12．一个调查机构就某地居民的月收入调查了10000人，将所得数据分成如下六组：[1000,1500), [1500,2000), [2000,2500), [2500,3000), [3000,3500), [3500,4000),相应的频率分布直方图如图所示．若按月收入将这10000人也分成上述六组，并通过分层抽样抽出100人作进一步调查，则[3000,3500)这一组中应抽出人．（第7题图）（第12题图）)13．若454233241)1()1()1()1(x a x a x a x a x a =+-+-+-+-，则234a a a ++的值为．14．设O 是直线AB 外一点，OA a =，OB b =，点123,,,A A A …1,n A -是线段AB 的n (n ≥2)等分点，则1231n OA OA OA OA -++++= ．（用,,a b n 表示）二．选择题（本大题满分20分）本大题共有4题，每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得5分，否则一律得零分． 15．函数tan(31)y x =+的最小正周期是（）A ．π3 B ．2π3 C ．3π2D ．π16．在三棱锥P —ABC 中，所有棱长均相等，若M 为棱 ABP A 与CM）ABC ．6D ．317．将5,6,7,8四个数填入12349⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭中的空白处以构成三行三列方阵，若要求每一行从左到右、每一列从上到下依次增大，则满足要求的填法种数为（） A ．24 B ．18 C ．12 D ．618．已知()f x 是单调减函数，若将方程()f x x =与1()()f x f x -=的解分别称为函数()f x 的不动点与稳定点．则“x 是()f x 的不动点”是“x 是()f x 的稳定点”的（） A ．充要条件 B ．充分不必要条件 C ．必要不充分条件 D ．既不充分也不必要条件三．解答题（本大题满分74分）本大题共有5题，解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应的编号规定区域内写出必要的步骤．19．（本题满分12分）本题共2个小题，第1小题6分，第2小题6分．已知z 是复数，2iz+为实数（i 为虚数单位），且4i z z -=．（1）求复数z ；（2）若|i|5z m -<，求实数m 的取值范围．20．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分8分，第2小题满分6分．已知A ,B ,C 为△ABC 的三个内角，向量(cos ,sin )p B B =- ，(cos ,sin )q C C = ，且(2)q p q -⊥．（1）求A ∠的大小；ACPM（第16题图）（2）若4BC AC AB =+=，求△ABC 的面积．21．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分．如图所示，ABCD 是一块边长为7米的正方形铁皮，其中ATN 是一半径为6米的扇形，已经被腐蚀不能使用，其余部分完好可利用．工人师傅想在未被腐蚀部分截下一个有边落在BC 与CD 上的长方形铁皮PQCR ，其中P 是TN 上一点．设TAP θ∠=，长方形PQCR 的面积为S 平方米．（1）求S 关于θ的函数解析式；（2）设sin cos t θθ+=，求S 关于t 的表达式以及S 的最大值．22．（本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分．已知函数()22x x f x a -=+（常数)a ∈R ．（1）若1a =-，且()4f x =，求x 的值；（2）若4a ≤，求证函数()f x 在[1,)+∞上是增函数；（3）若存在[0,1]x ∈，使得2(2)[()]f x f x >成立，求实数a 的取值范围．23．（本题满分18分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分8分，第3小题满分6分．已知负数1a 和正数1b ，且对任意的正整数n ，当2n na b +≥0时, 有[1n a +, 1n b +]= [n a , 2n n a b +]；当2n n a b +<0时, 有[1n a +, 1n b +]= [2n na b +, n b ]．（1）求证数列{n n b a -}是等比数列；（2）若111,2a b =-=，求证222n n a b =-()n ∈N*；（3）是否存在11,a b ，使得数列{}n a 为常数数列？请说明理由．参考答案及评分标准TNRQθPD CBA一．填空题（本大题满分56分）本大题共有14小题，每个空格填对得4分．1．{} 2 2．(0, 1) 3．5, 44ππ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭4 5．12 6．57．1320 8．5 9．6 10．0.7 11．（理）6（文）2 12．1513．14 14．1()2n a b -+ 二．选择题（本大题满分20分）本大题共有4题，每题有且只有一个正确答案，选对得5分，否则一律得零分．15．A 16．C 17．D 18．B三．解答题（本大题满分74分）本大题共有5题，解答下列各题必须写出必要的步骤． 19．（本题满分12分）本题共2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分6分．（1）由2i z +是实数，可设2iz+= a ，R a ∈，故(2i)2i z a a a =+=+， ………………3分所以2i z z a -=，又4i z z -=，可得24a =，即2a =，所以42i z =+． ………………6分（2）由|i |5z m -<，可得|4(2)i |5m +-<，又R m ∈5< ………………9分即216(2)25m +-<，解得15m -<<，所以实数m 的取值范围是(1,5) -． ………………12分 20．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分8分，第2小题满分6分．（1）由(2)q p q -⊥，可得(2)q p -·q =0， ………………2分即2||2q p -·0q =，又(cos ,sin )p B B =- ，(cos ,sin )q C C = 所以22cos sin 2(cos cos sin sin )0C C B C B C +--=，即1cos()2B C +=，又0B C π<+<， ………………6分 ∴3B C π+=，故2π()3A B C π=-+=． ………………8分（2）在△ABC 中，由2222cos BC AB AC AB AC A =+-⋅，可得22()2(1cos )BC AB AC AB AC A =+-⋅+， ………………10分即22142(1)2AB AC =-⋅⋅-，故4AB AC ⋅=， ………………12分∴11sin 422S AB AC A =⋅=⨯= ………………14分 21．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分．（1）延长RP 交AB 于E ，延长QP 交AD 于F ，由ABCD 是正方形，PRCQ 是矩形，可知,PE AB PF AD ⊥⊥，由TAP θ∠=，可得6cos EP θ=，6sin FP θ=，∴76sin PR θ=-，76cos PQ θ=-， ………………4分 ∴(76sin )(76cos )S PR PQ θθ=⋅=--4942(sin cos )36sin cos θθθθ=-++故S 关于θ的函数解析式为4942(sin cos )36sin cos =-++S θθθθπ(0)2θ≤≤．……6分（2）由sin cos t θθ+=，可得22(sin cos )t θθ=+12sin cos θθ=+，即21sin cos 2t θθ-=， ∴22494218(1)184231S t t t t =-+-=-+． ……………9分又由π02θ≤≤，可得3π444ππθ≤+≤，故πsin cos )4t θθθ=+=+∈，∴S 关于t 的表达式为2184231S t t =-+（∈t ）． ……………11分又由271318()62S t =-+，t ∈可知当t 时，S 取最大值，故S的最大值为67-． ………………14分22．（本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分．（1）由1,()4a f x =-=，可得224x x --=，设2x t =，则有14t t --=，即2410t t --=，解得2t =± ………………2分当2t =22x =2log (2x =+．当2t =22x =故所求x的值为2log (2+． ………………4分（2）设12,[1,),x x ∈+∞且12x x >，则112212()()(22)(22)x x x x f x f x a a ---=+-+21121222(22)2x x x x x x a +-=-+12121222(2)2x x x x x x a ++-=- ………………7分由12x x >，可得1222x x >，即12220x x ->由12,[1,),x x ∈+∞12x x >，可得122x x +>，故12240x x +>>，又4a ≤，故122x x a +>，即1220x x a +-> 所以12()()0f x f x ->，即12()()f x f x >，故函数()f x 在[1,)+∞上是增函数． ………………10分（3）由2(2)[()]f x f x >2222222222x x x x a a --⇔+>++222()20x a a a -⇔-+< ………………12分设22x t -=，由[0,1]x ∈，可得1[,1]4t ∈，TNFE RQθPD CBA由存在[0,1]x ∈使得2(2)[()]f x f x >，可得存在1[,1]4t ∈，使得2()20a a t a -+<， ………………14分令2()()20g t a a t a =-+<，故有211()()2044g a a a =-+<或2(1)()20g a a a =-+<，可得70a -<<．即所求a 的取值范围是(7,0)-． ………………16分23．（本题满分18分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分8分，第3小题满分6分．（1）当a n +b n 2≥0时，b n +1－a n+1= a n +b n 2 -a n = b n -a n2；当a n +b n 2<0, b n +1－a n +1 = b n - a n +b n 2 = b n -a n 2．所以，总有b n +1－a n +1 = 12(b n -a n ),又110,0b a ><，可得110b a ->，所以数列｛b n －a n ｝是等比数列． ………………4分（2）①由111,2a b =-=，可得111022a b +=>，故有11221[,][,]2a ba b a +=， ∴112122a b b +==，211a a ==-，从而222a b =-，故当n =1时，222n n a b =-成立． ………………6分 ②假设当n k =时，222n n a b =-成立，即222k k a b =-，由22230k k k b a b -=>，可得20k b >，2222220222k k k k k a b b b b +-+==-<, 故有2221212[,][,]2k k k k k a b a b b +++=， ∴22221212,22k k k k k k a b ba b b +++==-=, ………………9分222121220224k kk k k bb a b b ++-++==>,故有2121222221[,][,]2k k k k k a ba b a ++++++= ∴212122224k k k k a b b b ++++==, 222212k k k ba a ++==-，故2(1)2(1)2k k ab ++=-∴当1n k =+时，222n n a b =-成立．综合①②可得对一切正整数n ，都有222n n a b =-． ………………12分（3）假设存在11,a b ，使得数列{}n a 为常数数列，由（1）可得b n －a n =11()b a -(12)n -1，又1n a a =，故b n =111()a b a +-(12)n -1， ………………14分由1n n a a +=恒成立，可知a n +b n 2≥0,即111()a b a +-(12)n≥0恒成立，即2n ≤111a b a -对任意的正整数n 恒成立， ………………16分又111a b a -是正数，故n ≤1121log a ba -对任意的正整数n 恒成立，因为1121log a b a -是常数，故n ≤1121log a ba -不可能对任意正整数n 恒成立．故不存在11,a b ，使得数列{}n a 为常数数列． ………………18分 (完)。

卢湾区2010年高三年级毕业考试语文试卷

卢湾区2010年高三年级结业考试语文试卷注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

2．答题时，试题题号与答题纸题号一一对应，不能错位。

3．考试时间120分钟。

试卷满分100分。

一 60分（一）阅读下文，完成第1—5题。

（9分）当代阅读宣言①一个正在被技术改写的时代，需要我们对当代阅读作出以下思考：②在资讯全球化、传播形态和传播方式日新月异的浪潮下，以开放的态度开启阅读方式的革命，以主动的姿态应对传播技术的变革，是馆藏阅读书籍者和关注公共阅读潮流人理所当然的责任。

③20世纪70年代，法国哲学家利奥塔在《后现代状况》中这般描述：学术知识将转换成电脑语言，教师的角色将被电脑存储库取代，学生可以坐在终端机前随时调用——（a）人们尚存疑惑：书籍，作为人类千年文明传承的载体，难道终有一天将成为被人遗弃的标本？④科技的发展，可以让预言变成现实。

在搜索引擎强大的聚合功能面前，古典图书馆正显露颓势；在网络传播即时海量的模式面前，耕作式深度阅读变得不合时宜；在一切皆可数字化的年代，翻阅纸张正沦为向牧歌时代致敬的行为艺术……拿起终端、放下纸张；追求愉悦、告别沉思；亲近感性、疏离理性——（b）仿佛正如英特尔总裁安迪·格鲁夫所言，技术具有创造和毁灭的力量。

人们担心，新的传播形态，让即时阅读成为可能，但也不可避免地会导致“浅薄时代”的到来。

⑤时代在变，读者正在被改变。

在Internet面前，我们需要告别的，只是书籍崇拜，而非文明和文字。

我们坚信，离开了纸张，人类依然可以触摸文明的灵魂。

从竹简、羊皮纸、纸张到电子书，介质永远在变，但阅读作为人类最高精神体验方式的地位，却从未被根本撼动。

面对数字文明的冲击，人类的困惑和犹疑，也许不过是伊索寓言里的那只布里丹的驴子——（c）同时面对着两堆稻草左顾右盼，不知所措。

面对技术浪潮的汹涌澎湃，人类不应拒绝或冷眼旁观，而要接纳并迎头赶上。

卢湾区2010学年第一学期期末-物理批注版

卢湾区2010学年第一学期高三年级期末考试物理试卷（本卷g 取10m/s 2，测试时间为120分钟，满分150分）第I 卷（共56分）考生注意：1．答第l 卷前，考生务必在试卷和答题卡上用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、校验码，并用2B 铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号和校验码。

2．第1卷(1—20题)由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。

考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B 铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。

答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。

答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。

一、单项选择题（共16分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确选项。

）1．关于分子动理论，下列说法中不正确的是（）（A ）物质是由大量分子组成的（B ）分子是组成物质的最小微粒（C ）分子永不停息地作无规则热运动（D ）分子间有相互作用的引力和斥力2．关于热量、功和内能三个物理量，下列说法中正确的是（）（A ）热量、功和内能三者的物理意义相同，只是说法不同（B ）热量、功都可以作为物体内能变化的量度（C ）热量、功和内能的单位不同（D ）功由过程决定，而热量和内能由物体的状态决定3．利用发波水槽观察波的衍射现象时，看到如图所示的图样．为使衍射现象更明显，可采用的办法有（）（A ）适当缩小挡板间距（B ）适当增大挡板间距（C ）适当增大波源频率（D ）适当减小水波的振幅4．一列横波沿水平方向传播，某时刻的波形如图所示，则图中a 、b 、c 、d 四点在此时刻运动方向相同的是（）（A ）a 和b （B ）a 和d （C ）b 和d （D ）c 和d5．真空中两个同性点电荷q 1、q 2，它们相距较近，保持静止状态。

今释放q 2，且q 2只在q 1的库仑力作用下运动，则q 2在运动过程中受到的库仑力（）（A ）不断减小（B ）不断增大a b c d（C ）始终保持不变（D ）先增大后减小6．弯曲管子内部注满密度为ρ的水，中间有部分空气，各管内液面高度差如图中所标，大气压强为p 0，则图中A 点的压强是（）（A ）ρgh （B ）p 0+ρgh（C ）p 0+2ρgh （D ）p 0+3ρgh7．某物质的密度为ρ，摩尔质量为μ，阿伏伽德罗常数为N A ，则单位体积该物质中所含的分子个数为（）（A ）N Aρ（B ）N Aμ（C ）μN Aρ（D ）ρN Aμ8．在右图所示的电路中，电池均相同，当电键S 分别置于a 、b 两处时，导线MM′与NN′之间的安培力的大小分别为F a 、F b ，可判断F a 、F b （）（A ）均为引力，F a ＞F b （B ）均为斥力，F a ＞F b （C ）均为引力，F a ＜F b （D ）均为斥力，F a ＜F b二、单项选择题（共24分，每小题3分。

卢湾区第一学期高三级期末考试

20XX年中学测试中学试题试卷科目：年级：考点：监考老师：日期：20XX年高中测试高中试题试卷科目：年级：考点：监考老师：日期：卢湾区20XX学年第一学期高三年级期末考试英语试卷第I卷I. Listening comprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a restaurant. B. In a hospital.C. At a theatre.D. At a railway station.2. A. Husband and wife. B. Brother and sister.C. Teacher and student.D. Clerk and customer.3. A. Sam turned it in. B. He turns in the lock.C. It was in the lock.D. He got it from Sam.4. A. Coffee. B. A chocolate milk shake.C. Tea.D. A vegetable salad.5. A. She thinks they ca n’t go to the theatre without the car.B. She suggests going to the theatre by subway.C. She believes the man’s brother will let them use the car first.D. She thinks the theatre is far away from here.6. A. He hates going to the piano course.B. He would like to make decisions himself.C. He is too old to learn the piano.D. He is already good at playing the piano.7. A. She is already a teacher.B. She doe sn’t know what she will do after graduation.C. She has no desire to teach.D. She likes teaching very much.8. A. Read a book. B. Write a composition.C. Talk about a problem.D. Listen to the radio.9. A. Someone has told him where it is.B. He doesn’t know, either.C. He knows where it is but can’t tell the woman.D. He has asked someone for help.10. A. She lost her car.B. She drove here.C. Something was wrong with her car.D. She broke the traffic rules.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. There are too many people everywhere.B. There are always too many cars in Tokyo.C. The places where he wants to be are always very crowded.D. The streets in Tokyo are narrow.12. A. At 11:00 pm. B. At 11:30 pm.C. At 12:00 pm.D. At 12:30 pm.13. A. About 3,500. B. About 35,000.C. About 350,000.D. About 3,500,000.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. In Anhui province. B. In Shanxi province.C. In Shandong province.D. In Hubei province.15. A. When he was building a house.B. When he was digging a tomb in the fields.C. When he was digging a channel to place a pipes for tap water.D. When he was cleaning his yard.16. A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear eachconversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you hear. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Information About the Woman SpeakerName: Barbara 17._____The date of birth: February 26th, 18. ______The trained secretarial courses: Shorthand, 19. _____ conversation skills andword processor skills.Thetelephone number : 20. _____Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Aspect InformationThe time of the conference: The fifth of 21. _____The duration (持续时间) of the conference: 22. _____The paper for Professor Nelson to give: On 23. _____The people to attend the conference: 24. _____ from all over theworldComplete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25.Though she tried hard to pull the fish _____ her, she was pulled deeper into the water.A. byB. withC. afterD. towards26.The boy’s parents often quarrel about their son, and _____ of them is willing to give in.A. anyB. othersC. neitherD. none27.It’s high time you had your hair cut, since it’s getting _____.A. too much longB. much too longC. long too muchD. too long much28.She won’t leave the computer game _____ her husband is waiting for his supper.A. as thoughB. even thoughC. whetherD. whenever29.Early to bed and early to rise _____ a man healthy, wealthy and wise.A. makesB. makeC. has madeD. will make30._____ unemployment and crime is high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.A. BeforeB. WhereC. UnlessD. Until31.I felt very happy _____ into the Bird’s Nest to watch the performances that Jackie Chanhosted.A. to admitB. to be admittedC. admitD. admitting32.John promised his wife he _____ not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.A. mightB. shouldC. mustD. would33.People often provide their children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _____ that all childrenlike these things.A. thinkingB. thinkC. to thinkD. thought34.--- Is that the small town you often refer to?--- Right, just the one _____, you know, I used to work for years.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what35.You should understand the traffic rule by now, since you’ve had it _____ often enough.A. explainingB. to explainC. explainD. explained36.It is said that no attention _____ other possibilities at the meeting the day before yesterday.A. was paid toB. paid toC. had been paid toD. had paid to37.High technology has been used in teaching. As a result, not only _____, but students becamemore interested in the lessons.A. saved was teachers’ energyB. was teachers’ energy savedC. teachers’ energy was savedD. was saved teachers’ energy38.Those businesspersons are getting well-prepared for the coming season, for they can’t risk_____ the good opportunity.A. to loseB. losingC. to be lostD. being lost39._____ those boys called the grey-headed gentleman really made the old man frustrated.A. WhichB. WhetherC. HowD. What40.The reason _____ she gave for not coming to the party puzzled all of the people present.A. whatB. whyC. asD. whichSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. handsB. qualitiesC. downD.curiosityE. prettyF.looksG. ashamedH. appliedI.ruinedJ. informationWhen I succeeded in becoming a part-time employee of Nokia China last summer, many friends asked me how I survived the interview.I once asked myself the same questions. Many of my peers also __41__ for the job, including some very competitive and intelligent students from famous universities.But why did the interviewer pick me instead of them?Finally, __42 __ pushed me to ask the interviewers after we became colleagues. The answer was that I appeared confident but humble, responsible and communicative. They evaluated people not just on their academic certificates, but on the base of their __43__ and abilities. I happened to be the right person.To be frank, I once felt __44__ of being a student from an unknown college, and I think this may apply to some of you. I thought my future was ruined. It was only at the time of my successful interview that Ifinally understood the famous saying --- “You decide where you go.”A wide range of skills is important these days. I used to work for Master Kong. My job was to cook instant noodles for customers. I had regarded it as a piece of cake, but I failed constantly. I had to cook the noodles for the right amount of time to make them taste good. Moreover, the noodles could only remain in a plastic cup of five minutes, or the taste would be __45__.This experience taught me never to look __46__ on anything, and always remain humble.I also worked as a volunteer for a beach volleyball event. My job was to help foreign visitors experience the beach. I thought it would be very easy because my oral English was __47__ good. But when I went to talk with a group of foreign guests, I suddenly realized that I did not know a single beach volleyball term. I was embarrassed.After this, I read brochures in both Chinese and English every day to learn the terms for facilities and related words. This allowed me to deliver accurate __48__ to foreigners, and I was happy to work responsibly.After theseexperience, I’m more confident and I strongly believe that my fate is in my __49__. It has certainly helped me make a giant step closer to my dream of graduating with prospects for the future. I hope my advice will benefit you as well.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.On a cold November afternoon, my mother and I were walking home from a pizza shop. We were dressed __50__ and equipped with a rented video we had been __51__ to watch. I was feeling a little __52__ as I was carrying our shopping, and decided to throw away something. So I started to walk towards a garbage can when I noticed a poor man walking out of the restaurant in front of us. He __53__ over to another nearby garbage can and started looking through it.I suddenly felt very guilty because I was about to throw away a new drink just because it was __54__. I walked up to him and handed the drink and some snacks over to him. The man lookedup __55__ and took what I gave him.A huge smile __56__ across his face and this caused me to feel indescribably satisfied. I felt I couldn’t be happier __57__ myself, but then he said, “Wow, this is my son’s lucky day!”With that, he thanked me happily and started off on his bike, I __58__ heard him whistling a song as he rode away.I got a warm __59__ inside. I now understand what is meant by the saying “giving is getting”.Although it only __60__ a little action and a few words, I gained and learned more in those two minutes than I did in the rest of the month. Everyone in the world needs help, everyone can __61__ help and everyone will be helped by __62__ kindness.The image of that man’s happiness caused by my small gift appears in my mind every __63__ I have the chance to do something nice.This is the __64__ of charity.50. A. poorly B. coldly C. warmly D. expensively51. A. dying B. exciting C. worrying D. happy52. A. worried B. interested C. bored D. tired53. A. headed B. passed C. crossed D. took54. A. cheap B. heavy C. tasteless D. full55. A. in silence B. in surprise C. in interest D. in a hurry56. A. appeared B. spread C. went D. ran57. A. with B. to C. at D. for58. A. still B. once C. even D. ever59. A. sense B. mind C. thinking D. feeling60. A. held B. took C. called D. asked61. A. offer B. send C. show D. have62. A. showing B. expressing C. lending D. setting63. A. moment B. day C. minute D. time64. A. power B. meaning C. strength D. aimSection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIf you asked me, over a year ago, to choose between the neon lights and street lights of Chengdu, I would have chosen the colourful ones without hesitation. But my experiences during the time of the severe earthquake have given me a different perspective.In fear of the after shocks people would be constantly moving about and they stayed out of doors during the nights. When night fell and rain set in, we could feel cold, tired and helpless. But I remember one night, which changed my whole attitude to the lights of Chengdu. All of a sudden, there was a beam of yellow, then another, and another. Before we knew it, there were lights oneverywhere. The sea of light had the effect of making us feel overwhelmingly secure.I realized that the lights, which we had taken for granted before, were protecting the whole city.Then there were the people who came to our rescue, who made every effort to protect and save lives. I saw local taxi drivers on the road all night long transporting injured people to the hospitals. I saw volunteers from other parts of China hurrying with living essentials to the worst-hit areas…At that moment, Chengdu became a place where the word ‘love’ was being spelt in capital letters by caring people from every corner of the planet.Reconstruction is still in progress, but I’ve already come to understand that the quality of life in Chengdu comes not from the number of its modern buildings… but from the hope, the faith, the optimism, and the determination of the people…65.What does the underlined word mean?A. determinationB. evaluationC. destinationD. viewpoint66.What did the writer think of the street lights before the earthquake?A.The writer thought the street lights were very important to the people.B.The writer believed people couldn’t do without street lights.C.The writer considered the street lights as something natural.D.The writer had no idea about the street lights.67.What’s the best title for this passage?A. EarthquakeB. Lights in RainC. Hope, the LightsD. Love of PeopleBIn the UK, students’residence halls are run as profit-making business, but this can occasionally be to students’ disadvantage.As many universities choose to contract out their hall’s management to private companies, room rents are rising and student rights are suffering.In 20XX, 55 percent of student rooms were managed by private companies --- only 27 percent by universities and colleges, the National Union of Students (NUS) has reported.These private companies are improving the hall’s facilities in return for higher room rents. The most noticeable example of this trend is the growth in luxury halls. These are halls for students willing to pay more for larger rooms with better services.Chancellors Court, at EdinburghUniversity in Scotland, is one such luxury hall. Rooms are divided between standard and large, with larger rooms costing 173 pounds each week, 40 pounds more than smaller rooms. They come with a scenic view, color TV, fast Internet connection and a modern bathroom.Other luxury halls have private gyms for their residents. Private companies capitalize (用…以牟利) on their investment by renting out the students rooms to travelers over the summervacation period.But the NUS is concerned that luxury halls are affecting room rents at standard un-privatized halls. Most students in the UK pay on average 126 pounds a week for a private room in catered (提供餐饮的) halls of residence, the International Students Advice and Welfare organization has reported. According to the NUS, rent in UK halls of residence has risen by almost a quarter from 20XX to 2021.Veronica King, NUS vice-president of welfare, wants the privatization of university accommodation to stop.“For the students for whom luxury is not affordable, there is a significant risk that accommodation costs, coupled with the burden of complete fees, may reduce the choice of where to go to university,” she said.Legal quarrels with privatized (私有化了的) halls may also account for some of the 10 percent per year rise in student complaints to the office of the Independent Adjudicator for Higher Education (OIA). The OIA is an independent student complaints scheme that has authority over all higher education institutions in England and Wales.Rob Behrens, chief executive of the OIA, said he was unsurprised by the rise in complaints. “The bottom line is that students are today more self-confident in thinking about what their rights are and what are the things they can get form the commitments they make.”68.Why are room rents rising in British universities?A.Because the world is facing a financial crisis.B.Because most universities are getting bored about students’ complaints.C.Because many universities let private companies run students’ halls.D.Because not all universities can meet the demands of the students.69.Which of the following is not mentioned about a luxury hall?A.Students have to pay more for a luxury hall.B.Students can have a good view in a luxury hall.C.Students can enjoy their own gym in a luxury hall.D.Students can have an Internet connection free of charge.70.Why do some students want to pay more for a luxury hall?A.Because they just want to show that they are rich.B.Because they are better served in a luxury hall.C.Because there are too much complaints about small rooms.D.Because there are no other choices.71.What may happen to those who can’t afford the accommodation fee?A.They may borrow more money from the bank.B.They maygo to OIA for help.C.They may not go to college.D.They may go abroad for further study.CToday’s career assumption is that you can get a lot of development, challenge and job satisfaction and not necessarily be in a management role.Managing others is always a tough task, but in the past that stress was balanced by hopes for career mobility and financial rewards. Along with a sizable pay raise, people chosen as managers would begin a nearly automatic climb up the career ladder to successful executive private benefits: company cars, club memberships, plus the key to the executive washroom.But in today’s global and more competitive showground, a manager sits in an insecure (不稳定的)chair. More companies has begun to take less management as they come to view their organizations as collections of talents rather than hierarchies (等级). There are far fewer steps for managers to climb. Also, managerial jobs demand more hours and headaches than ever before but offer slim, if any financial paybacks and perks.Now managers must manage many people who are spread over different locations, even over different continents. They must manage across functions with, say, design, finance and marketing.In many companies, when the most praised people in business are those launching something new, management seems like an invisible, thankless role. Employers are looking for people who can do things, not for people who make other people do things.Moreover it may not pay to be a manager, at least not the way it once did. Ms. Chmielewski says, “The emotional rewards can be great, and there were times when I enjoyed management. But a 10-to-11-hour day and one weekend day a month is the norm (标准)”.With more people cautious of joining management, are companies being hurt or worrying about developing future leaders? Not many are. While employers have fired a lot of managers, they believe many more candidates linger on at many companies. “Another reason why companies aren’t short of managers,” argues Robert Kelley, a business professor, “is that so many workers today are self-managed, either individually or via teams, they don’t need a manager.”72.By writing the passage, the writer seems to _____.A. explain reasons for firing managersB. advise people not to become managersC. express dissatisfaction of some managersD. encourage managers to be more competitivepared with past, the managing job today is more _____.A. demandingB. rewardingC. questionableD. acceptable74.The author mentions what Ms Chmielewski says to reflect that _____.A.the managers’ low working efficiency makes them less paidB.the gain of being a manager is not as satisfactory as beforeC.she enjoys great emotional rewards of being a manager nowD.she misses the past enjoyment of being a manager75.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.More and more people are eager to become managers.B.There will be more managers to be employed in the future.C.Employers think it easy for them to find managers in the future.D.Teamwork makes it possible for companies not to hire more managers.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A.Take your vitamins.B.Remember to brush before bed.C.Wash your hair now and then.D.Get your protein.E.Walk it off.F.Eat good fats.It is very important to keep your hair healthy. Here are five ways for you.76. _____ Good fats are also called necessary fatty acids which the body can’t produce naturally. Eating these types of fats will help promote healthy skin, nails, teeth and hair. They can be found in the form of oil, or in food such as seeds, nuts and olives.77. _____ Hair is nothing more than dead protein. But that doesn’t mean that it is not important. A lack of it can cause slow growth and thinning, where on the contrary, getting enough amounts can help promotes growth. Good choices to include in the diet would be eggs, lean meats, tofu, fish, yogurt and beans.78. _____ There are a handful of vitamins that have been known to be effective for healthy hair. Some of the main ones include vitamin B, biotin, calcium, vitamins A, C and E, and iron. Other than in extra form, these nutrients can also be found naturally in citrus (柑橘类) fruits, peppers, low-fat dairy products, dried fruits, green vegetables and whole grains. A large salad can be made with the inclusion of a lot of these food.79. _____ Getting enough exercise can help promote hair growth. Circulation to the scalp isa very important factor for healthy hair and growth. Aim to get at least 20 to 30 minutes of exercise every day. It can be walking, jogging, weight training, biking or moderate intensity activity that is enjoyable and easy to fit into your schedule.80. _____ Right after you brush your teeth, brush your hair as well. Brushing hair fifty to one hundred strokes right before bed can help remove pollutants and dirt while also stimulating circulation. Also, natural oils are released, which will add more sheen (光泽) and oxygen to your hair.Section DDirection: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest words.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) Every day we meet people in a number of business and social situations. And the way we meet and greet them creates an impression. It’s important to do so in proper way, no matterwhether you areintroducing yourself to someone, or introducing two people to each other. To keep you aware of this, we have gathered tips on how to make a proper introduction.✧Always stand when making an introduction.When you are seated and someone comes up to greet you, make the effort to stand up. By doing this, you show respect for yourself and for the other person.✧Always maintain eye contact while making an introduction.Many people are not aware of the value of this simple action. When you make eye contact you are giving a confident image.✧Always introduce a person of lesser authority to one of greater authority.The most important thing to remember is to say the most important person’s name first. For example, when introducing you supervisor to a job candidate, you would give your supervisor’s name first. “Bob Jones, may I introduce Susan Lee, who has just graduated from ABCUniversity?”✧In a situation where rank is unimportant, an introduction is based on sex and age.A man is presented to a woman and a younger woman to an older woman. What if you find yourself in a situation where you have forgotten the other person’s name? Start with a handshake and reintroduce yourself. By doing this, you will usually cause the other person to do the same. However, if the other person does not take your suggestion, it is OK simply to apologize and let the person know that you can’t remember her or his name. This is not the ideal situation, of course, but it doesn’t happen to all of us. The other person should be forgiving.81.When you are sitting and a person comes to you, hoping to talk to you, you should___________________________________.82.Why does a person need to maintain eye contact while making a conversation?_____________________________________________________________83.Who should you introduce first, your grandfather or your classmate?_____________________________________________________________84.If you forget a person’s name, you’d better_____________________________________________________________.第II卷I. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the word or phrase given in the brackets.1.他们已经为那位可怜的母亲募集了近两千元。

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卢湾2011学年第一学期高三年级期末考试
历史参考答案及评分标准
一、选择题：（共69分，1-30每题2分。

31-33每题3份。

每题只有一个正确选项。

）
以下每小题2分，共60分，每题只有一个正确选项。

二、非选择题：（共81分）
说明：下列答案为参照性示例，能够运用核心知识准确解答即可得分。

34．古代民主政治（12分）
1) （4分）国家: 古代雅典；
特点：城邦权力属于全体公民；法律面前一律平等；公民有担任公职的权力；
2) （8分）里程碑：公元前594年的梭伦改革和公元前508年的克里斯提尼改革。

（2）全盛时期：伯利克里时代（1）
雅典民主政治是古代希腊城邦社会中先进的政治制度。

（1）它是平民在斗争中逐渐战胜氏族贵族的结果；它有利于调动城邦公民的积极性和创造性，有利于推动社会经济和文化的进步，对后世欧美的民主进程有很大影响。

（2）但是只有城邦内成年男性公民才真正享有民主权力，妇女、外邦人和奴隶都被排除在外。

（2）
35．近代中国社会的转型（13分）
1）（9分）事件: 辛亥革命,新文化运动。

意义：辛亥革命：推翻清朝统治，结束了中国数千年的君主专制统治，创建了中华民国，颁布了中国历史上第一部具有资产阶级共和国宪法性质的《临时约法》，奠定了民主共和的始基，开创了完全意义上的近代民族民主革命。

中国社会结构开始了由传统向现代的转型。

（4）
新文化引动：批判传统礼教，动摇了传统思想的统治地位，“民主科学”推动了中国人的思想解放（促进了近代民主思想的传播），促进了马克思主义的传播。

（3）
2）（4分）
教育：新学堂的创设、留学大潮的涌动、科举制度的废除、新学制的建立等
科技：交通、通讯工具的改进（唐胥铁路等）
文化：商务印书馆与西书的翻译和出版、申报与报刊业的繁荣、李善兰与近代数理知识的传入等
社会生活：社会习俗的变化（握手礼等）以上言之有理即可得分
36.现代化的世界进程（14分）
1）（3分）文艺复兴运动、新航路的开辟、宗教改革等。

3
2）（11分）15世纪下半叶，英国形成民族国家，君主专制取代等级君主制，全力强化王权，实行有利于资本主义经济发展的重商主义政策。

2
17世纪中期，专制王权阻碍资本主义进一步发展，英国爆发了资产阶级革命。

1688年的光荣革命和1689年《权利法案》的颁布，英国确立了君主立宪制。

资产阶级政权的确立，有力促进了资本主义经济的发展，为工业革命的到来创造了条件。

同时英国革命也推动了欧美资产阶级革命的爆发。

5
19世纪中后期，英国率先完成工业革命，成为“世界工厂”。

工业革命巩固和发展了资本主义制度，并通过殖民主义的方式促进了资本主义世界市场的扩大和资本主义世界体系的形成。

4
37.（13分）
1）主题：屈辱与抗争等 2
2）重大事件：签订《南京条约》等1 背景：资本主义国家加紧对外扩张。

英国完成工业革命，开拓世界市场，蓄意侵略中国。

清朝统治走向衰落。

禁烟运动是英国发动鸦片战争的借口。

3
3）名称：洋务运动1 影响：不可能实现富强，但是推动中国资本主义的产生和发展，是中国现代化的开端。

2
4）名称：清末新政1；重大事件：预备立宪等1；影响：客观上促进资本主义的发展，但没有触及根本的专制制度2
38. 新航路开辟（29分）
1）（4分）随着西欧商品货币关系的发展，黄金需求量急剧上升；奥斯曼帝国对于传统东西方贸易秩序和环境的破坏；西班牙王室支持开辟新航路的活动，大力向海外扩张；科学技术的进步，尤其是航海技术和造船技术的进步；封建贵族和骑士的冒险精神等。

2）（6分）变化：欧洲商人、殖民者在世界各地之间建立了直接的商业联系，1随着商品交换品种的增多，初步形成了世界市场1。

改变了世界形势和历史发展进程，各
大洲之间的相互孤立状态被打破，全球逐渐形成了以欧洲为中心的世界经济体系，1人类社会由此从分散开始走向整体。

1
原因：新航路的开辟；殖民扩张；2
3）（4分）原因：白银外流；1列强侵华不断加。

1关系：中国日益卷入资本主义世界市场。

2
4）根据以上材料，请你谈谈关于新航路开辟对世界影响的看法。

（15分）
答案l：能对材料进行抽象提炼，并结合材料进行论述。

（13—15分）材料与史实：运用充分；运用较充分。

抽象视角，如新航路开辟使人类社会由此从分散开始走向整体。

论述：论述充分；论述较充分。

叙述：叙述完整流畅形成结构。

答案2：能在多个线索或材料之间建立起联系，并对此作出解释。

（8—12分）材料与史实：运用充分；运用较充分。

视角：从两个以上角度展开分析，如新航路开辟的双重后果。

论述：论述充分；论述不够充分。

叙述：叙述形成结构；叙述连贯流畅。

答案3：使用多个线索或材料，进行单一维度的解释。

（3—7分）
材料与史实：运用较多材料；运用较少材料。

视角：提炼出一个视角。

如，新航路开辟促进了世界市场的初步形成。

叙述：叙述完整流畅；仅能列举。

答案4：找到一个线索或材料即得出结论。

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其他答案：没有形成对问题的理解，回答与问题无关或同义反复。

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