现在完成时与过去完成时讲解与练习
现在完成时含义：表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。
现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语。
结构：主语+ have / has +动词的过去分词①：for + 时间段；since + 时间点②：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately, recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days。
③：英语中有些常用的单词如：come, go, begin, start, finish, find, die, buy, borrow, sell, put on, get up,arrive, receive, become为瞬间动词，不能和表示一段时间的for短语和since短语连用，也不能用于how long引导的疑问句中。
这些瞬间动词常常与它相对应的可以表示时间段的词语转换。
如：become ---- be borrow ---- keep begin (start) ---- be on buy ---- have open ----be open die ----be dead④：现在完成时与过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的动作结现在的影响和结果，强调节器的是现在，不与具体的过去时间连用。
但一般过去时只表明过去的动作或状态，与现在无关系，常与具体的过去时间连用。
He has lived in New York for eight years. 他在纽约住了有八年了。
（他仍在纽约）过去完成时一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->那时以前那时现在构成：过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.二、过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定（ 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。
如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.（ 3 ）before + 过去的时间点。
如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。
这种用法常出现在：（ 1 ）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。
在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
如：She said that she had seen the film before.（ 2 ）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
如：When I got to the station, the train had already left.三、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
试比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。
—I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。
—Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。
（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）—John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。
—Where had he been?他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”）现在完成时和过去完成时的区别：现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果, 过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still3、Have you met Mr Li ______？Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; goodＣ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; studyＣ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see9、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finishedＣ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish 10、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in12、—Do you know him well ?—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made12、—How long have you ____ here ?—About two months .Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived13、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begunＣ. has been on Ｄ. began过去完成时：1．I lost the dictionary I ________．A．have bought B．bought C．had bought D．had been bought2．The train had gone when my brother _______ at the station．A．have arrived B．arrived C．had arrived D．am arriving3. Mary _______ of visiting her grandmother, but the bad weather made her change her mind.A．has thought B．thought C．had thought D．had been thought4．------Did you meet Tom at the airport？------No，he _______ by the time I ______ there．A．has left；got B．had left；arrived C．left；arrived D．left；had got5．-------Why didn’t Tom attend the meeting yesterday？-------He __________ Beijing．A．has gone to B．had gone to C．went to D．had been to6．-------I _______ to come to help you．------But you didn’t come．A．have meant B．had meant C．meant D．will mean7．We _________ four thousand new words by the end of last year．A．had learned B．have learned C．learned D．will have learned8．Helen _______her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ______home．A．has left；comes B．left；had come C．had left；came D．had left；would come9. My father _________ to the hospital when I hurried home.A. had goneB. wentC. had been takenD. had been sent今日阅读：AWhen you are feeling unhappy or forget how great you are, here are six ways to make you feel good about yourself.1) Look in the mirror and say to yourself, “I am a special person and there’s no one in the world like me. I can do anything!” It may not sound so good, but it really works!2) Do something nice for someone else. Helping others always makes you feel good.3) Smile! Be friendly to people you meet.4) Learn something new! Have you always wanted to decorate your own room or learn how to swim? Go for it! New challenges are fun and give you a sense of accomplishment when you have finished.5) Start a diary. Turn off the TV and let your imagination fly! Write down your thoughts, dreams or anything you want! Writing always helps to express your feelings.6) Stay with your family. We all need our family time. Talk with your mom or dad or maybe even your cousin. ( )16. This passage may be taken from ________.A. a science bookB. a storybookC. a magazineD. school rules( )17. According to the passage, when you help others, you will __________.A. be specialB. be sureC. feel niceD. be remembered ( )18. What do the underlined words “a sense of accomplishment” mean?A. 成就感B. 忧伤感C. 挫折感D. 信任感( )19. Which of the following shouldn’t you do when you are unhappy?A. Be friendly to people you meet.B. Stay alone at home.C. Learn something new and go for it.D. Keep a diary to express your feelings. ( )20. The best title for the passage is ___________.A. Do Your BestB. Six Ways to Feel Good about YourselfC. It’s Never too Late to LearnD. Always Smile to Your Life。
(练习题)现在完成时和过去完成时专项练习
(练习题)现在完成时和过去完成时专项练习一、现在完成时和过去完成时专项练习在我们的日常生活和工作中，我们经常会遇到一些需要表达过去发生的事情对现在产生影响的情况。
这时，我们就需要使用现在完成时和过去完成时来表达。
现在完成时表示从过去某个时间点开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，而过去完成时则表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作或状态。
接下来，我们将通过一些实际的例子来加深对这两种时态的理解。
我们来看一个关于旅行的例子。
假设你是一名背包客，你在过去的五年里去过很多国家。
那么，当你在今年的夏天决定再次出发去旅行时，你可以这样描述："在过去的五年里，我去过很多国家，比如法国、意大利和日本。
这些旅行经历让我对各国的文化和风俗有了更深入的了解。
而在今年的夏天，我决定再次出发去旅行，因为我想继续探索这个世界的美丽。
"在这个例子中，我们使用了现在完成时来描述过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响。
我们还使用了过去完成时来强调在过去的某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。
接下来，我们再来看一个关于学习的例子。
假设你是一名学生，你在高中时期就开始学习英语。
那么，当你在大学毕业后开始工作时，你可以这样描述："在高中时期，我就已经开始学习英语了。
那时候，我觉得英语很难学，总是记不住单词和语法。
但是，我一直坚持学习，因为我知道英语对我未来的工作和生活非常重要。
所以，在大学毕业后，我可以流利地用英语与外国同事沟通，这让我在职场上取得了很好的成绩。
"在这个例子中，我们同样使用了现在完成时来描述过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响。
我们还使用了过去完成时来强调在过去的某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。
二、现在完成时和过去完成时的用法总结通过以上的例子，我们可以总结出现在完成时和过去完成时的用法如下：1. 现在完成时表示从过去某个时间点开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
通常用于描述具有持续性的动作或状态，或者表示一种习惯性的行为。
专项练习之现在完成时与过去完成时
【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：寒假复习专题现在完成时与过去完成时二. 教学过程：◎现在完成时态的构成和用法现在完成时态由“助动词have（has）＋过去分词”构成，它可以表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
常与一些时间状语,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice等连用，也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如these days, today, this year, so far等连用。
如：I’ve just had my lunch. 我刚刚吃过午饭。
（影响是：现在我不饿了。
）She has already posted the photos. 她已经寄走了相片。
（结果是：这些相片已不在她这里了。
）1. I’m sorry you the wonderful football game. It was just over.（青岛市）A. have lostB. have missedC. are missingD. will lose2. —You seem to know much about the city.—That’s true. I it three times.（绍兴市）A. visitedB. had visitedC. have visitedD. will visit3. —Would you like to visit Shantou City with me this summer vacation?—No, thanks. I it before. Besides, it’s hot and humid there in summer.（四川省自贡市）A. have visitedB. visitedC. will visit4. It is said the Chery（奇瑞）a new kind of car recently.（安徽省芜湖市）A. has developedB. developedC. developsD. had developed现在完成时态还可以表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，也许还将继续下去。
(练习试题)现在完成时和过去完成时专项练习试题资料讲解
(练习试题)现在完成时和过去完成时专项练习试题一、单项选择。
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him.（呼和浩特）A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD.will know2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he ?A. alreadyB.neverC.everD. still3、Have you met Mr Li ______？A. justB. agoC.beforeD. a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.A. is writingB.was writingC.wroteD.has written5、—Our country ______ a lot so far.—Yes. I hope it will be even ______.A. has changed ; wellB. changed ; goodC. has changed ; betterD. changed ; better6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years.A. was ; studyingB. will ; studyC. has ; studiedD. are ; studying7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.A. KnowB. had knownC. have knownD. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice.A. will seeB. have seenC. SawD.see9、—These farmers have been to the United States.—Really ? When _____ there ?A. will they goB. did they goC. do they goD. have they gone10、—______ you ___ your homework yet?—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago.A. Did; do; finishedB. Have; done; finishedC. Have; done; have finishedD. will; do; finish11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978.A. JoinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in12、—Do you know him well ?— Sure.We _________ friends since ten years ago.A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made13、—How long have you ____ here?—About two months.A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes.A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army.A. isB. hasC. willD. was16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library.A.has goneB. wentC.will goD. has been17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom,_____?A. so theyB. don’t theyC. have theyD. haven’t they19、_____has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he ____ to China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived20、 His uncle ____ for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left theuniversity二、句型转换。
过去完成时与现在完成时
10. He ______ to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then. A. hoped B. has hoped C. had hoped D. would hoped
11. When the old man ______ to walk back to his house, the sun ______ itself behind the mountain. [2005年湖北 卷] A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid
3.如果从句为by the time /before /when+ 从句(过去式），则主句用 过去完成时。 练习:翻译下列句子
我们赶到学校时，已经 上课了。
____________ By the time we got to school, the class ____ had begun. 家时，他妈妈已经 睡觉了。 When he got home, his mother had already got to sleep.
By the time we got there,the bus had already gone.
We got there at 7:00 The bus left at 6:59
When I got to the check-out, I realized I had left my purse at home.
4.特殊用法：hope,think, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose,want,等词有时可 用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望， 意图，希望或打算。 eg.I had intended to come over to see you ,but I was so busy. They had planned to help me, but they could not get here in time.
现在完成时讲解和练习(有答案)
现在完成时讲解和练习1. 现在完成时的构成: have\has+过去分词(过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化)2. 现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句He has finished the work.一般疑问句Has he finished the work 回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t.否定句He has not finished the work.特殊疑问句What has he done3.现在完成时的用法:A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。
例如：Thecarhasarrived.车子来了。
（结果：车子已在门口）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了。
（结果：窗户仍破着）B.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等。
例如：Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自从2002年Mr.Black一直住在中国。
Howlonghaveyoubeenhere你来这里多久了4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时(1)九词语①already已经肯定句中或句尾.: I have already found my pen.= I have found my pen already.②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾.：I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet ③ever曾经句中.：Have you ever seen pandas④never从不句中.：I have never been to Beijing.⑤just刚刚句中.：I have just done my work.⑥before以前句尾.：I have never been there before.⑦so far到目前为止.：So far he has learnt 200 words.⑧how long多久.：How long have you lived here⑨how many times多少次.：How many times has he been to Beijing(3)三词组<has>gone to去了某地表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”.：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)<has>been to去过某地表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”.：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)<has>beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,howlong .: Mr.BrownhasbeeninBeijingforthreedays.布朗先生来北京已经有三天了4.如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。
初中英语时态讲解及练习(全)
时间状语：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
否定形式：主语+am/is/are not going to do ； 主语+will/shall not do+其他 一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
1.I ____(write, am writing, is writing, are writing) a letter now. 2.Look, it _____(begin, is beginning, am beginning, are beginning) to rain. 3.They ____(study, is studying, am studying, are studying) medicine at the Medical Institute of Chengde these days. 4.He _____(teach, am teaching, is teaching, are teaching) an English lesson at this time.
谓语动词使用过去式形式， 加ed，分为规则和不规则变 化。表示过去经常发生的动 作，也可用“used to do ” 和“would +动词原形”。
1. He____(be, was, were, been) here a moment ago. 2. They ____(be, was, were, been) here just now. 3. The scientists _____(leave, leaves, leaved, left) for America yesterday. 4. Last week we ______(visit, visited ) the Science Museum. 5. When I was a child, I often ____(play, played) football. 6. The students ran out of the classroom as soon as the bell ____(ring, rang, rung).
（完整版）现在完成时讲解及练习题及答案
（完整版）现在完成时讲解及练习题及答案时态讲解：现在完成时（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有⼈称和数的变化。
第三⼈称单数⽤has，其余⽤have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后⾯加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。
以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：（2）⽤法：1）现在完成时通常表⽰在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
说话⼈强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out. 我⼥⼉刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过⾯。
She has arrived. 她到了。
2）表⽰持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表⽰⼀段时间的状语连⽤，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。
如：I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些⽇⼦我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.★注意：1）since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接⼀段时间，表⽰“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise: ⽤since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country ______1974.6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.2）表⽰短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表⽰⼀段时间的状语连⽤，因为它们表⽰的动作不可能持续。
现在完成时讲解（含讲解及习题）
现在完成时讲解（含讲解及习题）现在完成时讲解一、构成:肯定式：主语+ 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词?否定式: 主语+ 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.过去分词规则变化：a)一般情况下，直接加ed, （work---worked，water---watered, finish---finished等;）b)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, （carry-- -carried study---studied等;）c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词，要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。
（stop---stopped，shop---shopped）d)以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加d （过去分词不规则变化表：二、用法：用法一：表示过去（已经、曾经或从未）发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
标志词：①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before,⑦once/twice/数字+ times例：I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了)They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。
)I have been there twice.a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。
He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。
Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。
Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？b）never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经”We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。
初中现在完成时和过去完成时讲解及综合练习
一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->那时以前那时现在构成：过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning.二、过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。
如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.（ 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （3 ）before + 过去的时间点。
如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。
这种用法常出现在：（ 1 ）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。
英语现在完成时和过去完成时综合讲解及练习
现在完成时现在完成时构成：主语+ have/has + P.P. (过去分词)一．表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。
（1） He has learned English for about 7 years.（2） They have lived in Beijing ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧.sin .2000sin .10there came they ce ce years for（3） My uncle has taught in that school ⎩⎨⎧.2000sin .10ce years for 对划线部分提问：How long has your uncle taught in that school?(4) A: How long has your father worked in that company?B: He has worked there ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧.sin .1990sin .20army the left he ce ce years for注意：① 一次性动词可以有完成时，但不能与for 或since 等表示一段时间的状语连用。
②要想和一段时间连用，需要把一次性动词转换成相应的延续性动词。
如：come —be here, go —be away, borrow —keep, buy —have,join —be a member of, get to know--know(1) ⎩⎨⎧.2'.2'years about for pen the had ve I years about for pen the bought ve I (2) ⎩⎨⎧.2.2years for member League a been has He years for League Youth the joined has He (3)(4)注意:否定句例外：(5) A ：Hello! I haven ’t seen you for a long time. How are you?B: I ’m fine, thank you. And you?A: I ’m fine, too.二．表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。