高中英语 Unit2Sailing the oceans-Reading课件 新人教选修9
What would you do if : You were offshore but you needed more food and water.
Plan of action Follow nesting birds to shore ; look for special cloud formations or fog over streams to find land.
3. Read the chart below and fill in your plans of action to deal with them.
What would you do Plan of action if : You were far from Wait till the storm is land and a storm over, and then find arose. your new position and return to your original course.
The handle of the spoon points to the south, while the other side points to the north. When the Sinan is in the still, the handle of the spoon points to the south because of influence of the terrestrial magnetism (地磁).
Reading
The four basic instruments for navigation: Sinan, Inch Astrolabe, Sextant and nautical map.
Sinan, the ancient Chinese compass.
It was invented by Zhang Heng in the
What would you do if : You knew your latitude but didn’t know your longitude.
Plan of action Use knots to find your speed and work out your approximate longitude.
Han dynasty. It is made up of a bronze foundation (青铜地盘) and magnetic spoon(磁勺) which is made of natural magnet, positioned right in the central of the foundation.
What would you do Plan of action if : You wanted to keep Use a compass. a straight course.
nautical chart
Nautical charts are maps of the depth of the sea and the currents of the oceans. They provide modern sailors with routes through the seas, rather like roads through the countryside. The information began to be collected in the nineteenth century and has continued to be updated ever since. These charts were not available to Captain Bligh or Zheng He.
2. Suppose you were a sea captain aiming to sail round Africa. Discuss in groups: 1) What skills would you seek in your sailors? 2) What problems would you anticipate for this journey?
2. Which do you think was easier to work
out: latitude or longitude?
Latitude, because it was used to
measure how far you had traveled from
land on a straight line. It was
3) Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working out latitude? The position of the sun and stars are useful for working out latitude because they are fixed points in the sky and their movements in relation to the earth are already known. So they can be used to measure a ship's position.
Discuss
1. How do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented? Kept close to the shore, used nature such as the sun, wind, birds, tide, etc, to help them, and used some of the instruments including a compass, astrolabe, etc.
Comprehending
1. Read the passage and answer the following questions. 1) What is the use of a bearing circle, astrolabe, quadrant or sextant? ( B ) What is the use of a compass? ( A) A. To set the course of the ship B. To measure the position of the ship C. To measure the speed of the ship D. To tell the time
The navigator can then see two images, the horizon and the sun side by side. He can then measure the angle between them on a scale at the bottom of the instrument. The scale goes from 0 to 120 degrees. An earlier instrument, called a quadrant, measured in angle in the same way but it could only measure angles from 0 to 90 degrees.
2) Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship? Speed and time are important in finding out the longitude of a ship because the earth moves fifteen degrees westwards every hour. If you know your direction, speed and time, you can work out the ur position in relation to the stars.
sextant
The sextant is a navigational instrument for measuring the angle between the horizon and some object in the sky. First a sailor looks at the horizon through an eyepiece. At the same time he can see light from the sun or a star reflected off a small mirror on top of the instrument, onto a second mirror and into the eyepiece.
4. Which ones do you think are still used today? Sea charts are still used today.
Read and answer these questions. 1. Where do these materials come from? 2. What did the early navigator use to help them navigate? 3. What natural objects were used to assist the navigation? 4. Is it easier to measure longitude or latitude? 5. Do the astrolabe, the quadrant and the sextant mean the same thing?
discovered a long time before longitude.
高中英语 Unit2Sailing the oceans-Textbook课件 新人
2 Which do you think was easier to work out: latitude or longitude?
Latitude, because it was used to measure how far you had travelled from land on a straight line. It was discovered a long time before longitude.
Explorer
land use of compassቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱand
landmarks find new places within an
already identified island or continent
Explorer is someone who travels into or through a place in order to learn about it.
3 Can you identify these early navigational instruments seamen used and explain how they are used? 1 _co_m__p_a_s_s_(_in__a_n_ci_e_n_t_C_h_i_n_a_)___ 2 _a_s_tr_o_l_a_b_e_ 3 _s_e_x_ta_n_t___ 4 _s_e_a_/_n_a_u_t_ic_a_l_/_m__a_ri_n_e_c_h_a_r_t _
Very often navigators are also explorers.
Pre-reading
• Look at the pictures. Then answer the questions. 1 How do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented? Kept close to the shore, used nature such as the sun, wind, birds, tide, etc, to help them, and used some of the instruments including a compass, astrolabe, etc.
高中英语Unit2SailingtheoceansSectionⅠWarmingupReadingP
Unit 2 Sailing the oceansSection ⅠWarming up & Reading—Pre－reading Ⅰ.阅读理解AYou’ve probably heard about sports coaches，fitness coaches，voice and music teachers，career counselors，psychiatrists (精神科医师) and other specialists who teach skills and help us cope with daily life.But there’s a rapidly growing kind of professionals who do a little bit of or he is called a “______________life_coach”．People who are at the crossroads in their life，and corporations that want to give certain employees a career boost，are turning to them for help.The idea that one person’s success story can change other people’s life for the better goes back at least to the Carnegie’s famous self－improvement program “How to Win Friends and Influence People” came along soon thereafte r.But this new style of life coaches includes more than enthusiastic speakers or use their own experiences in business，sports，military service，or psychotherapy (心理疗法) to help others make critical life often give their approaches a slogan，such as “energy coaching”“fearless living” or “working yourself happy”．Dave Lakhani in Boise，Idaho，for instance，works with salespeople to develop what he calls a “road map”．He says an ongoing relationship with a coach is like having a personal fitness trainer for one’s career and life outside work.Lakhani’s Bold Approach coaching firm also donates some of its time to help people who are anything but successful—including battered women and struggling single mothers.But others in the so－called “helpful professions” are n ot thrilled about the life－coaching say that anyone，trained or untrained，can call himself or herself a life coach，and these slick(脆而不坚的) promoters who mess with people’s life can do more harm than good.语篇解读当你处于人生的重要时刻时，当你想让公司里某些职员的事业得以提升时，你可以求助于人生教练，他们能帮忙你做出人生中的重大决定。
高中英语 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans课件 新人教版选
Sailing the oceans
• James Cook was born in 1728 in Marton，England.His father， a Scottish migrant farm worker，allowed James to work on coal －carrying boats at eighteen.Cook spent his free time learning math and navigation.This led to his appointment as mate (大 副)．
• The Third Voyage.
• The Navy wanted Cook to determine if there was a Northwest Passage，a mythical waterway between Europe and Asia across the top of North America.Cook set out in July of 1776 and rounded the southern tip of Africa and headed east across the Indian Ocean until his navigation of the Bering Sea was stopped by the impassible Arctic ice.
• Cook’s explorations greatly increased European knowledge of the world.As a ship captain and skilled cartographer，he filled in many gaps on world maps.His contributions to eighteenth century science helped further exploration and discovery for many generations.
高中英语 Unit2《Sailing the Oceans》课件5 新人教版选修9
What is the difference between a navigator and an explorer?
Navigator
sea
nautical instruments
find new islands or continents
Navigator is somebody who finds the position and plots the course of a ship using maps and instruments.
Chinese culture, but also developed
many trade links with the other countries.
Marco Polo was the only person to provide information about China to the outside world. His journey around Asia lasted 24 years. He reached further than any of his predecessors, travelling beyond Mongolia and into China. Finally he wrote his adventures down and his book was published and became a
sextant
The sextant is a navigational instrument for measuring the angle between the horizon and some object in the sky.
quadrant
nautical chart
高中英语 Unit2Sailing the oceans-Textbook课件 新人教选修9
Explorer
land use of compass and
landmarks find new places within an
already identified island or continent
Explorer is someone who travels into or through a place in order to learn about it.
2 Which do you think was easier to work out: latitude or longitude?
Latitude, because it was used to measure how far you had travelled from land on a straight line. It was discovered a long time before longitude.
1 _m_e_a_s_u_r_in_g__ti_m_e__a_n_d_s_p_e_e_d____
2 _c_o_m_p_a_s_s_a_n_d__c_o_m_p_l_ic_a_t_e_d__ __m_a_t_h_em__a_ti_c_a_l_ta_b_l_e_s___ .
5 Write down the working principles of the following instruments:
4 Read the passage again and use the information to analyse the navigational skills. Write the answers in your own words. Using nature
1 To find the ship's position at sea a sailor used the North Star and the sun.
高三英语上学期unit2a(201912)
• without any protection against; helpless before 任由…摆布；在…面前无助
• They were lost at sea, __a_t _th_e__m_e_r_c_y__o_f_w_i_n_d_a_n__d_w__e_a_th_e_r_____. （他们在海上迷失了方向，任凭风和天气的摆布）
land? It looks fresh and has strong smell.
• 5.Where are we now when the North Star is along
the horizon? The equator.
• 第二部分：Language points
• 1.The voyages of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have the modern navigational aids.
astrolabe or the quadrant? The quadrant.
• 3.How did early seamen use weather during the
navigation? They used fog and winds.
• 4.W near
• carry 在此意思为“具备；含有；包含”
• This report_c_a_r_r_ie__d_a__s_e_r_i_o_u_s__w__a_r_n_in__g_o__f___ future trouble
高中英语 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Warming up课件 新人教版选修
第七页，共24页。
He (1254-1324) was born in Venice. He is probably the most famous Westerner to travel the Silk Road. He reached further than any of his predecessors, travelling beyond Mongolia and into China. Finally his adventures were written down and this book was published and became a best-seller.
第十六页，共24页。
sextant
第十七页，共24页。
The sextant is a navigational instrument for measuring the angle between the horizon and some object in the sky. First a sailor looks at the horizon through an eyepiece. At the same time he can see light from the sun or a star reflected off a small mirror on top of the instrument, onto a second mirror and into the eyepiece.
an aircraft, a car, etc, using maps and instruments.
第五页，共24页。
Explorer
land use of compass and landmarks
高中英语 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans课件 新人教版选
谢谢观看！
Unit 2
Sailing the oceans
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James Cook was born in 1728 in Marton ， England.His father，a Scottish migrant farm worker，allowed James to work on coal－carrying boats at eighteen.Cook spent his free time learning math and navigation.This led to his appointment as mate (大副)．
The Third Voyage. The Navy wanted Cook to determine if there was a Northwest Passage，a mythical waterway between Europe and Asia across the top of North America.Cook set out in July of 1776 and rounded the southern tip of Africa and headed east across the Indian Ocean until his navigation of the Bering Sea was stopped by the impassible Arctic ice.
The Second Voyage. The Royal Navy promoted James Cook to Captain following his return and had a new mission for him，to find the Unknown Southern Land.Cook led two ships and headed to Cape Town in July,1772.He proceeded south from Africa and turned around after encountering large amounts of floating pack ice.Actually he came within 75 miles of the Antarctica at that time.But he found no habitable southern continent and arrived back in Britain in July,1775.
高中英语Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Reading
Unit 2 Sailing the oceansPart One: Teaching DesignPeriod 1: A sample lesson plan for reading(SAILING THE OCEANS)AimsTo help students read about sailing the oceansTo help students learn about the predicateProcedures■Warming up by leaning about navigatorWhat is a navigator?A navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel. On aircraft, the position may also be referred to as a flight officer. The navigator's responsibilities include planning the journey, advising the captain (or pilot) while en route, and ensuring that hazards or obstacles are avoided.What is exploration?Exploration is the act of searching or traveling for the purpose of discovery, e.g. of unknown regions, including space (space exploration), or oil, gas, coal, ores, water (also known as prospecting), or information.Exploration has existed as long as human beings, but its peak is seen as being during the Age of Exploration when European navigators travelled around the world.In scientific research, exploration is one of three purposes of research (the other two being description and explanation). Exploration is the attempt to develop an initial, rough understanding of some phenomenon.■Warming up by talking about Zheng He's Seven VoyagesIn July 11, 1405, the eunuch Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty royal court set out on his first overseas voyage.In the following 28 years, this navigator proceeded to carry out six more voyages, accompanied by a huge entourage of nearly 30,000 people. By traveling throughout Southeast Asia, and around the Indian Ocean tothe Red Sea and East Africa, he also landed at over thirty different nations.He was the earliest largest scale navigation in world history, coming more than halfa century earlier than Columbus'famous exploits...■Warming up by looking and listeningHello, class. Do you know this man? Yes, he is Marco Polo. Marco Polo (1254-1324), is probably the most famous Westerner traveled on the Silk Road. He excelled all the other travelers in his determination, his writing, and his influence. His journey through Asia lasted 24 years. He reached further than any of his predecessors, beyond Mongolia to China. He became a confidant of Kublai Khan (1214-1294). He traveled the whole of China and returned to tell the tale, which became the greatest travelogue.I. Pre-readingWhat are navigational instruments?●Navigational instruments were built in the age of exploration to guide the explorers to their destinations.●navigational instrument - an instrument used for navigating◇artificial horizon, flight indicator, gyro horizon - a navigational instrument based on a gyroscope; provides an artificial horizon for the pilot◇compass - navigational instrument for finding directions◇depth finder - navigational instrument used to measure the depth of a body of water (as by ultrasound or radar)◇inclinometer - an instrument showing the angle that an aircraft makes with the horizon◇instrument - a device that requires skill for proper use◇asdic, echo sounder, sonar - a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return; sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging;asdic is an acronym for anti-submarine detection investigation committeeII. Reading for formsRead the text SAILING THE OCEANS on page 12 to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicative, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions.SAILING THE OCEANSWe may well wonder/ how seamen explored the oceans/ before latitude /and longitude made it possible /to plot a ship's position/ on a map．The voyages of travelers/ before the 17th century /show that /they were not at the mercy of the sea /even though they did not have modern navigational aids．So/ how did they navigate so well? Read these pages/ from an encyclopedia．Page l：page 2:III. Copying useful expressions and making sentencesYou are going to copy in your notebook all the useful expressions and make sentences of your own with them.IV. Transforming informationNext you are going to read the text again to complete the chart below.V. Closing down by reading more about sailing the oceansSailing the oceansFor thousands of years, people have been sailing across the oceans and around the world. Knowledge of ocean currents and wind patterns has allowed people to reliably reach their destinations even after crossing huge expanses of open ocean.In this photograph, a sailboat uses wind and currents to move among the islands of Micronesia. Before modern navigational techniques were developed, navigators in the South Pacific relied on stick charts to indicate island locations relative to winds andcurrents.Today, racing sailboats is a sport, and teams test their skills by racing around the world. Navigation now relies on satellites, but knowledge of wind patterns, ocean currents, and potential obstacles in unfamiliar waters is still essential for sailing.In this investigation, you'll plot a course for racing around the world in a sailboat. You'll explore some of the obstacles you might encounter on your route; then you'll have the opportunity to revise your route to improve your speed.。
高中英语 Unit2Sailing the oceans-Textbook课件 新人教选修9 公开课精品课件
2 What problems would you anticipate for this journey?
I would anticipate very hot weather (around the equator), cold weather (around the Cape of Good Hope), very stormy seas (around the Cape), and problems with food and water (unless helped by local natives the water may be contaminated and the food scarce), etc.
4 Which ones do you think are still used today? Sea charts are still used today.
Comprehending
1 Read the passage and answer the following questions. 1 What is the use of a bearing circle, astrolabe, quadrant or sextant? (B)
2 A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw _fr_e_s_h_s_e_a_w_e_e_d_,_n_e_s_ti_n_g_b_i_rd_s__re_t_u_rn_i_n_g _h_o_m_e__in__th_e__ev_e_n_i_n_g_o_r__fo_g__ .
3 What would you do if you came across the following problems during your voyage? Read the chart below and fill in your plans of action to deal with them.