英语语法独立主格结构

英语语法专题

独立主格结构

一、概念：

“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。

二、独立主格结构的功能

“独立主格结构”在句子中作用相当于非限定状语从句。但是此结构有自己的主语，并起到多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随状况、表时间等，在句中一般作状语。有时也可作定语。

1.作时间状语

Spring coming on, the trees turn green.

The meeting over, everyone talked about its positive result.

2.作条件状语

Weather permitting，they will go on a picnic tomorrow．

如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。

Everything taken into consideration，this plan seems to be workable．

如果从各方面考虑，该方案似乎可行。

3.作原因状语

The earthquake having destroyed their home, they had to live in a tent.

因为地震把他们的家摧毁了，他们只能住在帐篷里。

There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.

没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。

4.作伴随状语或补充说明

He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head).

他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。

We doubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的。

5.作定语

He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled. (with 的复合结构作定语,修饰the person

他就是有许多问题要解决的那个人。

三、独立主格结构基本构成形式：

独立主格结构在形式上有两部分组成：第一部分有名词或代词担任，第二部分由分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语担任。按其结构形式分为：—ing 分词独立主格结构；—ed分词独立主格结构；无动词独立主格结构等。

名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）

1. 名词(代词)+现在分词—ing

Time permitting, I will go to see you。

如果时间允许，我就去看你。

There being no bus, we had to walk home.

由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。

2.名词(代词)+过去分词—ed

The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.

实验做完后，同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。

He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.

他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。

3. 名词(代词)+不定式

在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。

The last guest to arrive, our party will start.

最后一名客人到后，我们的晚会就开始。

Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.

种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。

4. 名词(代词)+形容词

The closes dirty, you must wash it soon。

Computers very small, we can use them widely.

电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。

5. 名词(代词)+副词

The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.

散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。

The lights off, we could not go on with the work.

灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。

6. 名词(代词)+名词

His first shot failure，he fired again．

他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。

Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.

两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。

7. 名词(代词) +介词短语

The English teacher walked in to the classroom, papers in hand.

英语老师走进教室，手里拿着作业。

There is a river in the valley, flowers on the bank.

山谷中有一条小河，两岸长满了鲜花。

8. with、without引导的独立主格结构

介词with/without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，宾语通常由名词或代词充当，但代词一定要用宾格。上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。A．with+名词代词+形容词

He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.

他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。

= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.