paragrapg support 段落支撑
paragraph_structure段落结构
A. be too specific B.be too broad C.contain phrases like “I think”, “In my opinion”, etc.
School of Translation Studies
Dos and Don’ts of topic sentence. Dos： 1. A good topic sentence includes a topic and a controlling idea.
School of Translation Studies
受汉语分段的习惯影响，中 国学生写英语作文往往分段太 多，把一层意思放在几个段落 里表达。
School of Translation Studies
情感分段（汉语）
逻辑分段 （英语）
School of Translation Studies
2. Structure of a Paragraph
• Go=Topic Sentence • Continue=Supporting Details • Stop=Closing Sentence
Introduction:
Topic sentences
School of Translation Studies
Hong Kong is famous for its developed
economy, high standards of living, and intercultural atmosphere.
此句包含了过多的信息，主题不明确，这会
使段落缺乏统一性。句子所阐述的三个部分 不相关，不能放在同一个段落内阐述。
School of Translation Studies
paragraph_structure段落结构
英语段落的构成大致可分两类：一类是 典型的"主题句--阐述句--总结句"结构，另 一类则有点象汉语的以某一中心思想统领 的形散神聚结构，但注重形合的英语常常 使用许多衔接和连贯手段，以便从形式上 显现各种组合关系。前一类结构的主题句 标明段落的主题思想，接下来的句子必须 在语义上与这一主题关联，在逻辑上演绎 严谨。这一特征在英语的论说文中表现得 尤为突出。
Charpter 3 Paragraph Structure
• 1. Contrast Between English Paragraph & Chinese Paragraph • 2. The structure of a paragraph • 3.Topic sentence • 4.Developing sentence
School of Translation Studies
自1840年鸦片战争使中国蒙受历史性屈辱以来， 从林则徐、魏源、龚自珍到孙中山，历代志士仁 人曾为中国的救亡和发展，前仆后继，英勇奋斗， 但由于缺少科学理论的指导而饮恨九泉。实践告 诉我们，在一个半殖民地半封建的中国，改良封 建专制制度，不是出路；实行资本主义，亦非良 策。在历史的比较中我们认识到，唯有马克思列 宁主义，才能救中国。马克思列宁主义一经传入 中国，中国人民就在精神上由被动转入主动，中 国共产党才在马克思列宁主义和中国工人运动的 结合中诞生并成为中国革命的领导力量，中国人 民的民族解放和民族振兴才找到了正确的方向。 从此，开始了马克思列宁主义在中国的实践和发 展历程。
The topic is what you are going to say in the paragraph, and the controlling idea narrows down the topic,
Paragraph hooks (段落钩)
Sample of paragraph coherence
In most parts of the world, typewriters have been replaced by word processors. word processors allow you to make changes and corrections as you go along. You can also store a text (a business letter, for example), and use it again at a later date.
Paragraph hooks (段落钩) (段落钩)
Paragraph hooks is another cohesion technique which create coherence between paragraphs. Instead of linking one sentence to the next, paragraph hooks link one paragraph to the next. Paragraph hooks are based on repetition of keywords between paragraphs and these help students to guide their audience: the writer repeats (or use a synonym for) one or more keywords or phrases in one paragraph in the first sentence of the following paragraph.
A combination of transitions and paragraph hooks is often the most effective means of linking paragraphs
paragraph用法
paragraph用法使用paragraph的基本方法是用方括号将需要放入段落的文字包围起来，并在引号中提供一段适当的描述。
在文章中，段落可以用来介绍背景信息、提供论据和证据、支持观点，以及总结思路等等。
下面是一篇关于paragraph用法的1500-2000字的文章。
[Paragraph用法]引言：在写作中，段落的正确使用非常重要。
一个好的段落可以使文章更加流畅和易读，并有助于清晰地表达作者的观点。
本文将一步一步回答关于paragraph的基本用法，帮助读者了解如何正确运用该工具，提升写作能力。
段落的基本结构：一个段落通常由三个主要部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句。
主题句通常位于段落开头，用来指明本段落中将要讨论的主题。
接下来的支持句用来提供证据和论据，支持主题句所表达的观点。
最后，结论句用来概括本段落的主要观点。
段落的连贯性：一个段落应该具有连贯性，即各个句子之间有一定的逻辑关系。
为了实现段落的连贯性，在编写段落时需要使用过渡词。
过渡词可以在不同句子之间建立逻辑关系，例如：“然而”、“此外”、“另一方面”等。
使用过渡词可以使文章更加流畅，增强段落之间的衔接。
段落长度的控制：一个段落的长度应该适中，通常为3到6个句子。
过长的段落会让读者感到困惑和沉重，过短的段落则可能导致文章缺乏连贯性。
因此，在写作过程中应该注意段落长度的控制，使文章更加易读和清晰。
段落的用途：段落可以用来介绍背景信息、提供论据和证据、支持观点，以及总结思路等等。
在写作中合理运用段落，可以使文章结构更加清晰，读者能够更好地理解作者的意图。
例如，在一篇议论文中，段落可以用来阐述每个论点，并提供相应的例证和分析。
小结：通过正确运用段落，我们可以提升文章的流畅性和清晰度，使读者更加容易理解我们要表达的观点。
一个好的段落应该具有明确的主题句、合理的支持句和有力的结论句。
段落之间要有适当的过渡词，以保证文章的连贯性。
此外，段落的长度应该适中，通常为3到6个句子。
英语段落写作English Paragraph Writing
Topic sentence 主题句
at the beginning: mostly at the end: sometimes in the middle：rarely
Байду номын сангаас
Please write a topic sentence for the following paragraph.
Some sportsmen use music to help them train and perform better. People listen to music to pass the time while driving through traffic. Couples might use music to create a romantic evening. Some businesses even use music to increase productivity and efficiency.
Direction: decide which is the topic sentence of the paragraph first. Then, arrange the supporting
sentences in logical order.
a. Later on, people began to write on pieces of leather, which were rolled into scrolls.
A topic sentence should
be a complete sentence. (subject + Verb)
control all the supporting ideas. be clear and concise. not too general, and not too specific.
Persuasive_Essay_format 段落支撑
THESIS STATEMENT
The
most important sentence in the essay. It states an opinion the essay will prove. It serves as the foundation of the essay. It is your opinion, and will never be documented.
TOPIC SENTENCE
First sentence in a body paragraph. 3 necessary elements in each topic sentence Main idea to support the thesis statement Reminder of the opinion in the thesis statement Transition Topic sentences are always your ideas and should never be documented.
FOURTH PARAGRAPH Third Body Paragraph
Topic Sentence--States the main idea of the paragraph Specific Support--evidence for topic sentence from a source (MUST BE CITED) explanation of support Specific Support--evidence for topic sentence from a source (MUST BE CITED) explanation of support Specific Support--evidence for topic sentence from a source (MUST BE CITED) explanation of support
order and pattern(good example) 段落支撑
they presently began to whisper together, then they approached nearer, and stopped again to gaze and whisper. By and by they gathered courage and began to discuss him aloud.
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Continued
experience. It is a good principle of educational administration because a college or university has a vast and complicated job if it does what only it can do. In general education, therefore, we may wisely leave experience to life and set about our job of intellectual training.
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ways of paragraph development
Every paragraph, long or short, consists of several sentences. Only when all the sentences are arranged in a reasonable way of development can a paragraph make sense.
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3. General-specific order (deductive)
The general statement comes first, then followed by major supporting ideas or minor ones if necessary to reinforce the views expressed in the general statement. For example: The state is a rough-cut jewel-virtually all mountains. There are West Virginians who brag (吹牛) that if the state were flattened, she’d rival Texas in size. Countless times as 2013-10-25 I explored her reaches, I would pull to a 11
essay的组成
essay的组成它分三个部分1.mainidea主题example2.supportingparts{details)(细节)3.concludingsentence结束语我的老师说一篇ESSAY最少要三句话，就是我刚刚所写的大的主体。
另外journal和ESSAY有些相似，journal更不规范些，就像是博客里写的随笔，日志，但不是日记,不记录心情.一篇essay的主要组成有三部分，introduction （introductoryparagraph），abody（atleastone，butusuallytwoormoreparagraphs），andaconclusion （concludingparagraph）introduction包括：generalstatementsandthesisstatement bodyparagraph包括：paragraphA：topicsentence—1supportanddetail（orexamples）—2supportanddetail（orexamples）—3supportanddetail （orexamples）—concludingsentenceparagraphB：结构同AparagraphC：结构同A（paragraph数量至少一个，但大学论文在三个三个以上为好。
）conclusionparagraph包括：restamentorsummaryofthemainpoints；finalcomment在加拿大ESSAY从10年级开始正式的学习，在这之前一般都是journal.ESSAYSTRUCTUREIntroductoryparagraph总起段Thesisstatement中心Argument#1Argument#2Argument#3Concludingsentence结束句BodyParagraph#1中间段1Topicsentence总起句Explanation#1Explanation#2Explanation#3ConcludingSentence结束句BodyParagraph#2中间段2TopicsentenceExplanation#1Explanation#2Explanation#3ConcludingSentenceBodyParagraph#3中间段3TopicsentenceExplanation#1Explanation#2Explanation#3ConcludingSentenceConcludingParagraph总结段*Paraphrase!RestatethesisSummarizeargumentsConcludingStatementessay一般有五段第一段是introduction二到四段是bodyparagraph最后一段是conclusion第一段最后一句话叫做thesisstatement包括topic，controlingidea和predictor第一段的写作手法一般分为anecdote，quotation，generaltospecific，interestingfactsorstatistics，historicalintroduction。
英语作文写作之Supporting a thesis 支持你作文的东东
a. b.
c.
Scratch Outlines
Moviegoing is a problem. 1. Inconvenience of going out. 2. Tempting snacks 3. Other moviegoers
Activity- Scratch Outlines
The first day on a new job can be nerve racking. a. Meeting new people b. Finding your way around a new place c. ____________________________
People of all ages crinkle candy wrappers, stick gum on their seats, and drop popcorn tubs or cups of crushed ice and soda on the floor.
Good Support?
Writing Survey #3
5.) What are some ways you can think of more details for a supporting sentence?
Assignment #2 Notes
Here is some general feedback from your assignment #2.
2.) Why do you think we need to support everything we say clearly when we #3
3.) Do you feel you will be able to adequately support your thesis in your next essay? Why or Why not? 4.) Do you have trouble coming up with details?
paragraph用法 -回复
paragraph用法-回复如何有效地使用段落来提升写作技巧和逻辑表达能力。
段落是写作中最基本的组织单元之一，它帮助我们将思想和观点有序地呈现给读者。
一个好的段落结构不仅可以提高文章的逻辑连贯性，还能使读者更容易理解和消化所阐述的内容。
在本文中，我将详细讨论段落的使用方法和技巧，帮助读者提升自己的写作技巧和逻辑表达能力。
首先，一个段落应该有一个明确的主题句。
主题句可以被视为段落的中心思想或论点，它能够明确告诉读者即将讨论的内容。
主题句通常位于段落的开头，它帮助读者迅速抓住段落的重点，从而更好地理解作者的意图。
一个有力的主题句应该简明扼要，同时能够准确概括段落内的主要观点。
其次，段落中的支持句或论据应该围绕主题句展开。
这些句子可以是对主题句的解释、例证、实例或论证等，用来支持主题句所提出的观点。
支持句的选择应该紧密关联主题句，并且具备逐步展开和深入详细的特点。
通过提供清晰的论据和实例来支持主题句，读者能够更好地理解作者的观点并接受作者的论证。
在段落的结尾，我们需要总结和归纳段落中的观点。
这一段通常被称为结论句或过渡句，它起到总结和概括段落内容的作用。
结论句应该用简单明了的语言总结主题句和支持句的关键要点，并且与下一个段落进行过渡，实现整篇文章的连贯性。
一个好的结论句能够帮助读者更好地理解段落的论点，并为下一个段落的阅读打下基础。
除了主题句、支持句和结论句之外，段落之间的过渡也是非常重要的。
过渡能够帮助读者理解不同段落之间的逻辑关系，使得整篇文章的结构更加清晰和流畅。
适当的过渡词和短语，如“同时”、“另外”、“相反”等，可以为段落之间的转换提供线索和引导。
过渡的使用要灵活和巧妙，既能够让文章的结构紧密有序，又能够使文章内容更生动有趣。
最后，段落的长度也需要注意。
一个过长或过短的段落都会影响读者的阅读体验。
过长的段落可能导致读者容易失去重点和注意力，而过短的段落则容易造成断断续续和不连贯的感觉。
一般来说，一个段落应该包含3-5个句子，能够充分阐述观点，并且易于阅读和理解。
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Topic Sentences
To get a better understanding of topic sentences we are going to look at an example of a 5-paragraph essay. Look at the article “Children and Video Games” on your handout. Do not read the entire article. Instead first read the purpose statement which is in Bold at the end of the introduction. Then read each of the three topic sentences which are underlined. Do you see how the topic sentences are related to the purpose statement? (previous slide)
The goal of a topic sentence is to tell the reader what the topic and main idea of each paragraph is going to be.
Topic Sentence
Just like a purpose statement, a topic sentence will contain a main idea. After the topic sentence has been written correctly it will be clear to the reader what the paragraph will be about. The topic sentence will answer a question that the reader can ask (what, why, how). The answer to the question is what is written in the rest of the paragraph.
Introductory paragraph Supporting paragraph #1 Supporting paragraph #2 Supporting paragraph #3 Concluding paragraph
“Supporting”
This word supporting is used to show that these paragraphs are supporting or proving the main idea of the purpose statement. Therefore all of the supporting paragraphs are directly related to the purpose statement.
Why are paragraphs important?
Most papers will be about a certain topic that will have several different ideas. For example, the topic “Chinese is the most difficult language in the world”, has several different ideas that I want to write about: 1. Chinese has 4 tones, 2. Chinese characters 3. Chinese idioms. The purpose of a paragraph then is to separate the different ideas in a paper. So each of these different ideas will have its own paragraph.
5 Things You Should Know
1. There is only one purpose statement in an essay. 2. There can be many topic sentences depending on how many paragraphs you have. 3. Topic sentences must be complete sentences, they are not written like headlines. 4. The purpose statement is usually the last sentence of the introduction while the topic sentence is usually the first sentence of each supporting paragraph. 5. Good topic sentences should not be facts that everyone already knows and believes. Poor Example: “Exercise is good for you.”
Topic Sentence
A topic sentence is very similar to a purpose statement. The main goal of a purpose statement is to tell the reader what the main topic and idea of the entire essay is going to be about.
Exercise
Exercise: I will list a number of topic sentences and I want you to determine what the main idea of that paragraph will be. 1. There are several advantages to growing up in a small town. The rest of the paragraph will answer the question— “What are the advantages?”
What is a supporting paragraph?
A supporting paragraph is a group of related sentences that develops one main idea. This type of paragraph is made up of three kinds of sentences that develop the writer’s opinion, or feeling about a subject. These sentences are: (1) Topic sentence (2) Supporting sentences (3) The concluding sentence. Today our focus is on writing good paragraphs using these three types of sentences.
Topic Sentence Examples
3.The Internet, which is widely used among university students, has enhanced the ability for students to do research. 4.As a basketball player, Yao Ming has done a great job of introducing Chinese culture to the United States.
Doctorate Students Writing/Speaking Class
Week 5 “Writing Support Paragraphs”
“Topic Sentences” “Supporting Sentences”
The Format of a 5-paragraph Essay
Writing a good support paragraph
The first thing you must do when writing a support paragraph is to first write a good topic sentence. It will be the most important sentence in the entire paragraph.
Topic Sentences—Exercise # 2
Now we are going to do exercise # 2 on your handout. Read through the following paragraphs and write an appropriate topic sentence for each one. These paragraphs do not have a topic sentence.
Topic Sentence
In general, the English structure of writing is to tell readers what you will be writing about in a paragraph before you begin to write about it. Thus, the common practice in writing a paragraph is to begin with the topic sentence and to follow it with supporting sentences. By using this method the reader can more easily identify the main point that the writer is making.