雅思大作文2之写作段落展开思路

I.雅思写作段落展开思路问题实质：写作通常围绕某个社会热点话题的下列要素展开：影响（后果）；解决策略（条件）；原因；II.辩论类题型：考题问题可以分为双方进行比较以及辩论的题目；双方观点Some people believe that…while others hold that… Discuss both views and give your opinion. /Which one do you agree?利弊分析Nowadays, more and more…Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?/ Is it a positive or a negative development?一方观点Some people believe that… To what extent do you agree or disagree?III.报告类题型：原因加解决策略；影响加解决策略；原因加影响；根据历年真题统计报告类题型通常占比10%左右；其余均为辩论类题型；IV.辩论类大作文写作思路：策略类；影响类；A 需要B，C可以带来B，所以A需要C。

A还需要D，但是C只能带来B，而E可以带来D，所以A也需要E。

i. 策略类题型：策略：为了实现某个目标而采取的方法；本质上可以理解为达成某个目的而具备的条件；策略类题型大多数含有“某人应该/should做某事”这一关键词；充分条件：足够实现考题所要实现的目的；仅仅...是不够的；必要条件：如果缺少就无法实现考题目的；没有...也可以；解决考题中含有should的题型时，首先必须理解如何证明“某人应该做某事”。

sb. should do...(while others believe...should do...)ex1. "parents should teach children how to be good members of society"应该事实上包含两重含义，即某事是某人的责任或义务，因此某人应该做某事；某事对某人有好处（即满足某人的某项需要），因此某人应该做某事；Should: Obligation1) it is a part of their responsibility;2) it is the result of one's behavior;3) one has the irreplaceable role;+ it is very important/someone needs it某人有责任或义务的理由是*这是某人引起的后果；某人有着无可替代的作用；这是某人职责的一部分；+ 这件事很重要；Some people believe that the companies causing pollution should pay for the cleaning of it. Others, however, believe that the government should pay the money. Discuss both views and give your opinion.Should the polluting companies pay for the cleaning of the pollution they cause or should it be the responsibility of the government? Considering the complexity of this task, I would like to make a point that it needs the money from more than one side.ex2. Cleaning up pollution is vitally important for people's health and even lives and it costs huge amounts of money. Some companies are polluting our environment for their own interest, so it is reasonable to demand them to pay for what they did.ex3. However, cleaning pollution costs huge amounts of money, which may be beyond the affordability of any private company.Also not all the polluters can be found and pay for this cleaning.However, if these kinds of pollution are left without cleaning, people's health and safety would be put at risk. As protecting people's health and safety is the responsibility of the government, it is reasonable for the tax money to be used in this way.课堂练习："parents should teach children how to be good members of society"*这对某人有利；好处：满足某人的某项需要；弊端：阻碍人们满足需要；夺走人们需要的东西；考题分析的理论基础：Abraham H.MaslowEX4. Some people believe that young people should follow the old traditions of society, but others say that young people should be individuals of free behaving. Discuss both views and give your opinion.年轻：缺乏知识经验；需要找到自己的生存与发展方向；社会传统：社会中大多数人遵守的，长期传承的一系列思考以及行为方式；双方观点很多情况下是互补而不是矛盾的；与考题无直接联系的内容会导致成绩的损失；大作文= 开头段+ 主体段+ 结论段；开头段：核心词；点题；表态；完整开头段：点出后文的主线索；表明作者自己的态度即可，模板套句令人生厌；*逐字翻译考题原文；*把代词补全成为名词；*双方观点重叠部分往往为考题核心即本文要解决的核心问题；***** 看准看清考题中的名词与情态动词；背景，点题，表态；开头段：点出文章的核心关键词，点题，表态；第二段：一方观点（比较不倾向的一方）；第三段：上段观点不足引出另一方观点；第四段：我的观点兼结论段；/我的观点；（第五段）结论段；主体段结构：Topic Sentence （考题的一部分内容）；Development （把观点句中的概念清晰化解释）；Evidence （举例或如果假设）；Conclusion （回归主题句的内容）；sb. should do... ——It is reasonable to require sb. to do.It is not unreasonable to expect sb. to do...例题1. Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.Discuss both views and give your opinion. (C8T1)考题翻译：一些人认为父母应该教孩子如何成为社会的好成员。

其他人，然而，认为学校是孩子们学习如何成为社会好成员的地点。

设问开头1：Is teaching children how to be good members of society only parents' duty? Considering the complexity of the task, I would like to give a negative answer to the question. 设问开头2：Should parents teach children how to be good members of society or is school the place to learn this?Considering the complexity of the task, I believe that it needs the efforts of more than one side.陈述开头：Raising children to be good members of society needs the efforts of more than one side, so I do not believe that it is parents' duty only.Indeed, parents have the responsibility of teaching children how to be good members of society（Topic Sentence）. A good member of any society must follow the rules in it when interacting with others.(Develop "good members of society") As we all know, children are gradually taught these rules when they grow up(Develop "children"). Parents bring the children to the world, and have the biggest influence before adulthood, so they have unmatchable influence in teaching children this lesson(Develop "parents"). Most children, for example, learn politeness, the foundation of social rules, from their parents first(evidence). As raising qualified social members is vitally important to society and individuals, it is reasonable to expect parents to teach the lesson(conclusion).（Indeed, parents have the responsibility of teaching children how to be good members of society.主题句在有结论句的情况下可以省略） A good member of any society must follow the rules in it when interacting with others. As we all know, children are gradually taught these rules when they grow up.（前两句develop 关键词“good members of society”和“children”）Parents bring the children to the world, and have the biggest influence before adulthood, so they have unmatchable influence in teaching children this lesson.（前面的句子解释关键词“parents”，并且为“应该”铺垫）Most children, for example,learn politeness, the foundation of social rules, from their parents first.（本句为“evidence”）As raising qualified social members is vitally important to society and individuals（前半句继续铺垫“应该”）, it is reasonable to expect parents to teach the lesson（结论句回归考题内容）.课堂练习：仿照上文写一个段落，证明：确实，污染企业应该为清除污染付费。