薄冰高中英语语法之22·倒装

薄冰高中英语语法之

倒装

主编薄冰

执行主编庄志琳葛炳芳田绍慧

山西教育出版社2014年最新版

出版人雷俊林

出版策划苗补坤

责任编辑张荣荣

ISBN 978-7-5440-5630-4

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丨学英语,凭什么让我学语法吗???

不时听到一些青年问道:学英语一定要学语法吗?语法应该怎么学呢?我们

就这两个问题简单地谈一点个人意见。

对中国学生来说,尤其是成年人,我看是学点语法好。语法,顾名思义,乃是语

言的法则和规律。学习语法,尤其是一些基本法则,至少有下列几个好处:

第一 可以使你学得快些,因为已有现成的前人总结的法则,用不着你从

头摸索。

第二 可以使你学得透些,因为通过语法对语言现象不仅可以知其然,而

且可以知其所以然。

第三 可以使你学得准些,因为语法法则就是一条条准绳,可以用以衡量

一句话是否正确。

第四 语法不但可以引你入门,更可以引你入胜,使你逐渐眼界开阔,语感加深,从而使你的英语水平不断提高。

丨那么应该如何学习语法呢?

我认为在学习语法过程中,应该注意下面几点:

第一 基本概念最重要。在学习每个语法项目时,一定要把它的基本概念

搞清,牢记在心。

第二 要大量地实践,大量地练习。实践要包括听、说、读、写四个方面,

练习要着重说和写。

第三 学习语法时,应多用比较法。如对动词时态、冠词、介词、名词的

单、复数等较难的语法项目进行相互比较,效果就比较好。

第四 要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。碰到习惯用法,就不必钻牛角尖,

进行徒劳的分析。而习惯用法在英语中则是大量地存在着的。

第五 将一本语法书通读一遍,当然也不无好处。但最好将它作为工具书,

像词典一样地经常查阅,始能学得比较细致牢靠。

第六 实用英语语法只应是入门的向导,像一根拐棍一样。英语达到一定

水平之后,就应将它扔掉。起码不要让许多语法条条充斥头脑,影响你说和写的

流利性。

最后 可能还会有人说,语法应该学,就是太枯燥。我的感觉是:开头有

点枯燥,过些时候,就会像嚼橄榄似的,越学越有味了。如若不信,请试试看。

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薄冰高中英语语法之·倒装

目 录

22—1 倒装句的类型

完全倒装

部分倒装

22—2 常见的倒装结构

22—3 单元练习

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Unit 22 倒 装

按 “主语+谓语”这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果将某个句子成分移至句首而引起主语和谓语顺序的颠倒,使句子的排列顺序变为“谓语(或谓语的一部分)+主语”,就是倒装句。

22-1倒装句的类型

倒装有两种情况:部分倒装(主语和助动词倒置)和完全倒装(主语和谓语完全倒置)。之所以使用倒装,一是为了语法结构的需要;二是为了表示强调。

[1] 完全倒装

整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。如:

Then came Mary and George. 然后玛丽和乔治来了。

In the castle lived the Snow White with the seven dwarfs.

白雪公主和七个小矮人住在城堡里。

“I want to leave here ,” said John. “我想离开这儿,” 约翰说。

[2] 部分倒装

只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装。如:

Has he gone to school? 他去上学了吗?

Is he your classmate? 他是你的同学吗?

Can you finish the work in three days? 你三天内能完成这项工作吗?

They cannot understand a thing about it , and neither can she.

他们对它一点都不懂。她也不懂。

22-2常见的倒装结构

(1) 疑问句中的倒装

英语中构成疑问句(除对主语或主语的定语提问的特殊疑问句外),通常需使用倒装结构,这是语法结构的需要。如:

When are we going to meet again? 我们什么时候再见面?

Have you seen Jenny lately? 你近来见过珍妮吗?

Have you anything like that? / Do you have anything like that? 你有那样的东西吗?

(2) 句子谓语是go ,come ,run 等表示位置移动的动词和be 动词,句中又有表示方位的副词(如:there ,here ,off ,up ,down ,out ,in ,away 等),当其主语为名词时,为了强调该副词,可将其放于句首,而将谓语动词全部置于主语之前不用任何助动词。但当主语是人称代词时,只可将副词置于句首,后面用陈述句语序,即主、谓不倒装。如:

Here comes the train to Beijing. 去北京的火车来了。

Down came the rain. 下雨了。

Away went the boy to the school ! 那男孩子到学校里去了!

Off goes the woman ! 那个女人走了!

Here she comes. 她来了。

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试题解析:

Be quick! ______ .

A. The bell goes there

B. There the bell goes

C. There goes the bell

D. There is going the bell

【答案选C 】表示方位的副词或表示地点的介词短语置于句首,句子用完全倒装,常见的方位副词有:here ,there ,up ,down ,in ,out ;时间副词有now ,then 等。

(3) 当so...that 结构中的so 位于句首加强语气时,第一分句要倒装。如:

So moved was she that she could not say a word. 她感动得一句话也说不出来。 So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.

他的声音那么大,连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。

So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. 光速如此之快,我们很难想象。

So small were the words that he could hardly see them. 字那么小,他几乎看不见。 试题解析:

1. So ______ that no people can swim in it.

A. the river is deep

B. deep the river is

C. deep is the river

D. is the river deep

【答案选C 】译文:河流很深,没有人能在河里游泳。

2. ______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.

A. So curious the couple was

B. So curious were the couple

C. How curious the couple were

D. The couple was such curious

【答案选B 】在so...that 句型中,如果把so 及其修饰语提到句首,则主句要求用部分倒装句。如:He runs so fast that I can't catch up with him.=So fast does he run that I can't catch up with him.

(4) “so +助动词+主语”表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物。如:

I was late and so was she. 我迟到了,她也迟到了。

They love having lots of friends ,so do those with disabilities.

他们喜欢广交朋友,残疾人也一样。

注意:

“so+主语+助动词”是重复或进一步肯定前面所说的情况,前后两句主语指的是同一个人。

试题解析:

1. —David has made great progress recently.

— ______ ,and ______ .

A. So he has ;so you have

B. So he has ;so have you

C. So has he ;so have you

D. So has he ;so you have

【答案选B 】译文:“大卫近来取得了很大的进步。”“他确实取得了很大的进步,你也一样。”

2. —It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.

—My God !_______.

A. So did I

B. So I did

C. So were you

D. So did you

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【答案选B 】译文:“你真是粗心,把你的衣服忘在外面一整夜。”“天哪!确实是这样。”

(5) “neither / nor + 助动词 + 主语”表示前面所说的否定内容也适用于另一人或物。如:

She won't go. Neither / Nor will I. 她不走,我也不走。

I cannot swim. Neither can he (swim ). 我不会游泳,他也不会。

试题解析:

—Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?

—I don't know , ______ .

A. nor don't care

B. nor do I care

C. I don't care neither

D. I don't care also

【答案选B 】译文:“你知道吉姆和他哥哥吵架了吗?”“我不知道,也不关心。”

(6) 当if 引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had ,were 或should 等时,如将if 省略,则要将had ,were 或should 等移到主语前,作部分或完全倒装。如:

Had you come yesterday ,you would have seen him. 若你昨天来,你就会见到他了。 试题解析:

______ in your position ,I couldn't catch up with him.

A. Were I

B. If I was

C. If I am

D. Was I

【答案选A 】if 引导的虚拟条件句中,可以把if 省略,将句中的were ,had ,should 提到句首,构成形式上的倒装。句中的Were I in your position 即相当于If I were in your position 。

(7) only 修饰状语位于句首时,句中的主、谓部分倒装。如:

Only then did we realize that the man was blind. 直到那时我们才发现那个人是盲人。 Only when the war was over in 1918was he able to get happily back to work.

直到1918年战争结束后,他才愉快地重返工作岗位。

试题解析:

______ can you expect to get a pay rise.

A. With hard work

B. Although work hard

C. Only with hard work

D. Now that he works hard

【答案选C 】译文:只有通过努力工作,才有希望涨工资。

(8) 将含有否定意义的副词(never ,seldom ,not ,little ,hardly ,no ,in no time 等),“not a +名词”或“not a single + 名词”结构,置于句首时,句中的主、谓部分倒装。hardly...when ,no sooner...than ,not only...but also 引导两个分句时,将前一个分句中的主、谓部分倒装,后一个分句中的语序不变。如:

Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.

一生中我很少见到如此果断的人。

Not a word did he say at the last meeting. 在上次会议上他一句话都没说。

Hardly had he began to speak when his father stopped him. 他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。

No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain. 我刚刚离开家就下雨了。 试题解析:

1. Not until all the fish died in the river ______ how serious the pollution was.

A. did the villagers realize

B. the villagers realized

C. the villagers did realized

D. didn't the villagers realize

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【答案选A 】译文:直到河里所有的鱼儿都死了的时候,村民们才意识到污染已是多么的严重。

2. Never in my life ______ in that manner.

A. have I been spoken

B. have I been spoken to

C. I have been spoken

D. I have been spoken to

【答案选B 】译文:一生中从来没有人这样对我说话。

(9) 表示存在的句型“There be + 主语”也属于倒装句之列。如:

There are three books on the desk. 桌上有3本书。

There was something in the box. 箱子里有东西。

There entered a strange little man. 走进来一个身材矮小的奇怪的人。

Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.

从前,海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。

(10) 为了强调句中的状语或表语,为了保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密,在叙述性和描绘性的书面语中,句中主语和谓语完全倒装,可将状语或表语置于句首。这种结构若带有地点状语,而且把这种状语放在句首时,可以用省略there 的倒装结构。如:

In the cottage lives a family of six. 在这幢小茅舍里住着一家六口。

Near the bridge was an old cottage. 在桥的附近有一幢古老的茅舍。

In the front of the hall sat the headmaster. 校长坐在大厅里的前面。

In this paragraph can the answer be found. 在这段里能找到答案。

(11) 当直接引语的一部分或者全部位于句首时,引述分句的主语又是名词或名词短语,该引述分句常用倒装结构。如:

“What shall we do?” said the teacher. “我们怎么办?”老师说。

“Great !” said my father.“ I'll go there.” “好极了!” 我父亲说。“我将到那里去。” “Please hurry ,”said Mary. “请快点”,玛丽说。

(12) 某些让步状语从句往往把表语提到主语前面或放在句首,以构成倒装结构。如: No matter how interesting the book is , he doesn't like to read it.

不管这本书多有趣,他都不想看。

(语序是:No matter how +表语+主语+系动词be 。)

However hard a solid may be , we can change its shape.

不管一个固体有多硬,我们都可以改变其形状。

(语序是:However +表语+主语+系动词be 。)

Young as he is , he knows some of the family secrets.

尽管年纪小,他却知道家里的一些秘密。

(语序是:表语+as +代词作主语+系动词be 。)

Difficult as the work was (Difficult as was the work ), it was finished in time. 工作虽然困难,还是及时完成了。

(语序是:表语+as+名词作主语+系动词be ,或:表语+as +系动词be +名词作主语。) 试题解析:

Try as I might , I could not lift the stone. 尽管我用尽力气,我还是举不起这块石头。 ______ ,Carolina couldn't get the door open.

A. Try as she might

B. As she might try

C. She might as try

D. Might she as try

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【答案选A 】as 引导的让步状语从句要倒装,句首通常是作表语的形容词、作状语的副词,这里把谓语动词提前以表强调。

(13) 有些表示“感叹、祝愿”等语气的句子,也可使用倒装结构。如:

Isn't it cold ! 天气真冷!

May you be happy ! 祝你幸福!

总之,使用倒装结构的情况比较复杂,不可能在有限的篇幅内做出详尽的介绍与论述,究竟何时使用倒装结构,归结起来不外两点:一是语法结构需要时用;二是表示强调时用。

22-3 单元练习

Ⅰ. 选择最佳答案填空。

(1) ______ comes the bus.

A. There

B. That

C. It

D. This

(2) ______ these days is it necessary for women to wear veils.

A. No longer

B. Not longer

C. Not more

D. No more

(3) Not only did he complain about the food , ______ refused to pay for it.

A. he also

B. but also did he

C. also will he

D. also he will

(4) ______ , but we fall every time.

A. We have tried often that test

B. We have tried that test often

C. We often have tried that test

D. Often have we tried that test

(5) Hardly had the plane landed ______ the news reporters ran toward it.

A. before

B. when

C. after

D. until

(6) ______ the plane took off did I get to the airport.

A. Until

B. Not until

C. When

D. Till

(7) ______ we should go on a picnic.

A. If the weather will be fine

B. Should weather be fine

C. The weather be fine

D. Would weather be fine

(8) ______ , he trembles at the sight of a snake.

A. Brave as he is

B. As he is brave

C. Brave he is as

D. As brave he is

(9) —I don't think he is right.

— ______ .

A. I do neither

B. Do I neither

C. Neither do I

D. Neither I do

(10) California relies heavily on income from fruit crops , and ______ .

A. Florida also

B. Florida too

C. Florida is as well

D. so does Florida

Ⅱ. 翻译下列句子。

(1) Are you from the South or from the North?

(2) Neither could theory do without practice , nor could practice do without theory.

(3) More serious was the question on how the president would present the joint announcement.

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(5) Little did he care about his own safety , though he was in great danger himself.

(6) 她每次都遵守她的诺言。(not once...fail to...)

(7) 我刚一出门他就来看我了。(no sooner...than...)

(8) 如果你不愿意去,我也不去。

(9) 这些年来我们一次也没有改变这些商品的价格。(Not once...)

(10) 要是早点告诉我,我可能做些什么(事情)。

【参考答案】

Ⅰ.(1) A (2) A (3) A (4) D (5) B (6) B (7) B (8) A (9) C (10) D Ⅱ.(1) 你是南方人还是北方人?

(2) 既没有无实践的理论,也没有无理论的实践。

(3) 更为严重的问题是总统将怎样提出联合通告。

(4) 只有到了开始工作的时候,我才意识到自己已经浪费了多少时间。

(5) 虽然他已身处险境,但是他丝毫不考虑自己的安危。

(6) Not once has she failed to keep her promise.

(7) No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.

(8) If you won't go , neither shall I.

(9) Not once in these years have we changed the prices of these commodities.

(10) Had I been informed earlier , I could have done something.

张道真高中英语语法之20定语

张道真高中英语语法之 定语 担纲指导张道真 执行主编席玉虎 山西出版传媒集团山西教育出版社 2013年6月第2版2014年2第6次印刷 出版人雷俊林 出版策划苗补坤 责任编辑孙晓芳 LSBN 978-7-5440-6435-4 学习探讨请加微平台bbzdzyyyf 语法学习交流微平台纸介图书京东旗舰店纸介图书天猫旗舰店百度阅读手持媒体免费读

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seven. 戏8点钟开演,所以他们必须7点钟吃饭。 begin at 几点开始;从开始 dine [dain] vi. 进餐,用餐vt. 宴请 谓语或谓语动词专指动词部分(包括动词短语)。它与谓语部分不同,二者不可混淆。 3)宾语(object)是表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象的,常由名词或相当于名词的词担任。置于及物动词或介词之后。如: (6)One must endorse a cheque before one cashes it. 支票兑现前必须先签字。 endorse [inds; en-] vt. 背书;认可;签署;赞同;在背面签名cheque [tek] n. 支票 cash [k] n. 现款,现金vt. 将兑现;支付现款托马斯收到了一张超速行车警告单。 receive [risiv] vt. 收到;接待;接纳vi. 接收 received [risivd] v. 收到;接受;迎接(receive的过去分词) adj. 被一般承认的;被认为标准的 warning [wni] n. 警告;预兆;预告v. 警告(warn的ing形式) adj. 警告的;引以为戒的 speeding [spidi] n. 超速行驶v. 促进(speed的ing形式) adj. 高速行驶的 (8)She gave [ɡeiv] a roar of pain. 她发出一声痛苦的吼叫。roar [r]n. 咆哮;吼;轰鸣vi. 咆哮;吼叫;喧闹

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张道真高中英语语法之 同位语 担纲指导张道真 执行主编席玉虎 山西出版传媒集团山西教育出版社 2013年6月第2版2014年2第6次印刷 出版人雷俊林 出版策划苗补坤 责任编辑孙晓芳 LSBN 978-7-5440-6435-4 学习探讨请加微平台bbzdzyyyf 语法学习交流微平台纸介图书京东旗舰店纸介图书天猫旗舰店百度阅读手持媒体免费读

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