2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷1及答案解析
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷1及答案解析2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(试题类型:A)英语(新课标山西卷)注意事项:1.本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。
第I卷1至10页,第II卷11至13页。
2.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。
3.全部答案在答题卡上完成,答在本试卷上无效。
4.第I卷听力部分满分30分,不计入总分,考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。
5.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10称钟的时间来回答有关小题如阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是 C。
1. What does the woman want to do?A. Find a place.B. Buy a map.C. Get an address.2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Repair her car.B. Give her a ride.C. Pick up her aunt.3. Who might Mr. Peterson be?A. A new professor.B. A department head.C. A company director.4. What does the man think of the book?A. Quite difficult.B. Very interestingC. Too simple.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. Weather.B. Clothes.C. News.第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答6、7题。
6. Why is Harry unwilling to join the woman?A. He has a pain in his knee.B. He wants to watch TV.C. He is too lazy.7. What will the woman probably do next?A. Stay at home.B. Take Harry to hospital.C. Do some exercise.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
8. When will the man be home from work?A. At 5:45.B. At 6:15.C. At 6:50.9. Where will the speakers go?A. The Green House Cinema.B. The New State Cinema.C. The UME Cinema.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
10. How will the speakers go to New York?A. By air.B. By taxi.C. By bus.11. Why are the speakers making the trip?A. For business.B. For shopping.C. For holiday.12. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Driver and passenger.B. Husband and wife.C. Fellow workers.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
13. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a restaurant.B. In an office.C. In a classroom.14. Where does John do now?A. He’s a trainer.B. He’s a tour guide.C. He’s a college student.15. How much can a new person earn for the first year?A. $10,500.B. $12,000.C. $15,000.16. How many people will the woman hire?A. Four.B. Three.C. Two.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题17. How long has the speaker lived in a big city?A. One year.B. Ten years.C. Eighteen years.18. What is the speaker’s opinion on public transport?A. It’s comfortable.B. It’s time-saving.C. It’s cheap.19. What is good about living in a small town?A. It’s safer.B. It’s healthier.C. It’s more convenient.20. What kind of life does the speaker seem to like most?A. Busy.B. Colorful.C. Quiet.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分60分)第一节(共15小题;每小题3分,满分45分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AThe Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity ChallengeDare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue, Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at: .21. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?A. School students.B. Cambridge locals.C. CSF winners.D. MIT artists.22. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?A. On February 8th.B. On March 10th.C. On April 21st.D. On March 15th.23. What type of writing is this text?A. An exhibition guide.B. An art show review.C. An announcement.D. An official report.BPassenger pigeons(旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons –a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914.24. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons _______.A. were the biggest bird in the worldB. lived mainly in the south of AmericaC. did great harm to the natural environmentD. were the largest bird population in the US25. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ ______.A. escapeB. ruinC. liberationD. evolution26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A. To seek pleasure.B. To save other birds.C. To make money.D. To protect crops.27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A. It was ignored by the public.B. It was declared too late.C. It was unfair.D. It was strict.CA typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭) and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it’s mostly for show. In reality, it’s the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more) ---- only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesn’t have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become …take immediate action. If you’re clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A. To show off his skills.B. To trick the lion.C. To get ready for a fight.D. To entertain the audience.29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A. They feel puzzled over choices.B. They hold on to the wrong things.C. They find it hard to make changed.D. They have to do something for show.30. What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. Tolerant.B. Doubtful.C. Respectful.D. Supportive.31. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”, you’re advised to _______.A. wait for a better chanceB. break your old habitsC. make a quick decisionD. ask for clear guidanceDAs more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000—7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations ---- UNESCO and National Geographic among them ---- have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials ---- including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes ---- which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded ---- the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project ---- Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.32. Many scholars are making efforts to _____.A. promote global languageB. rescue disappearing languagesC. search for language communitiesD. set up language research organizations33. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Having full records of the languages.B. Writing books on language teaching.C. Telling stories about language users.D. Living with the native speakers.34. What is Turin’s book based on?A. The cultural studies in India.B. The documents available at Yale.C. His language research in Bhutan.D. His personal experience in Nepal.35. Which of the following best describes Turin’s work?A. Write, sell and donate.B. Record, repair and reward.C. Design, experiment and report.D. Collect, protect and reconnect.第二节(共5小题;每小题3分,满分15分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2014年新课标全国语文1卷试题及答案解析
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标卷Ⅰ)语文适用地区:河南、河北、山西,湖北、湖南和陕西。
第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必做题一、现代文阅读I 9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成l~3题。
悲剧产生于社会的矛盾、两种社会力量的冲突。
冲突双方分别代表着真与假、善与恶、新与旧等对立的两极,却总是以代表真、善、新等美好的一方的失败、死亡、毁灭为结局,他们是悲剧的主人公。
因为他们的力量还比较弱小,还无法与强大的旧势力或邪恶力量抗衡,正义的要求不能实现,于是形成了悲剧。
古希腊学者亚里士多德指出,悲剧描写了比现实中更美好同时又是“与我们相似的”人物,通过他们的毁灭“引起怜悯和恐惧来使感情得到陶冶”,即产生净化的作用。
然而,悲剧不仅表现冲突与毁灭,而且表现抗争与拼搏,这是悲剧具有审美价值的最根本的原因。
鲁迅说过:“悲剧将人生的有价值的东西毁灭给人看”。
这种毁灭是抗争、拼搏以后的毁灭,抗争与拼搏体现了人的一种精神。
古希腊神话中普罗米修斯为了人类从天上盗取火种,触怒了主神宙斯,被锁在高加索山崖上,每日遭神鹰啄食肝脏,但普罗米修斯毫不屈服,最后坠入深渊。
罗丹的大理石雕塑《马身人首》中,人臂绝望地扑向一个它所抓不到的目标,而马足则陷于尘土不能自拔,表现出人性与兽性的冲突,象征着灵与肉的斗争,具有强烈的悲剧性。
可以说,没有抗争就没有悲剧,冲突、抗争与毁灭是构成悲剧的三个主要因素。
悲剧的审美价值的载体只能是文学艺术。
因为人生有价值的东西、美好事物的毁灭是令人伤悲的,因此现实中的悲剧不能作为直接的审美对象来欣赏,否则人就是泯灭了人性的人了。
现实中的悲剧只能激起人的同情、义愤,迫使人采取严肃的伦理态度和实践行动。
民主革命时期,在演出歌剧《白毛女》的过程中,曾多次出现扮演地主黄世仁的演员被打甚至险遭枪击的事件,这是人们以实际的道德评价代替了审美活动。
现实的悲剧只在客观上具有悲剧的审美性质,它们必须以文学艺术的形式表现出来,才能成为欣赏的对象,美学上所谓的“以悲为美”才能实现。
2014全国新课标1数学试题及答案解析
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国课标1理科数学第Ⅰ卷一、选择题:共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每个小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的一项.1.已知集合2{|230}A x x x =--,{|22}B x x =-<,则A B ⋂=( ). A .[]2,1-- B .[)1,2- C .[]1,1- D .[)1,22.32(1)(1)i i +=-( ). A .1i + B .1i - C .1i -+ D .1i --3.设函数()f x ,()g x 的定义域都为R ,且()f x 是奇函数,()g x 是偶函数,则下列结论正确的是( ).A .()()f x g x 是偶函数B .()()f x g x 是奇函数C .()()g x f x 是奇函数D .()()f x g x 是奇函数4.已知F 是双曲线C :223(0)x my m m -=>的一个焦点,则点F 到C 的一条渐近线的距离为( ). A .3 B .3 C .3m D .3m5.4位同学各自在周六、周日两天中任选一天参加公益活动,则周六、周日都有同学参加公益活动的概率( ).A .18B .38C .58D .786如图,圆O 的半径为1,A 是圆上的定点,P 是圆上的动点,角x 的始边为射线OA ,终边为射线OP ,过点P 作直线OA 的垂线,垂足为M ,将点M 到直线OP 的距离表示为x 的函数()f x ,则()y f x =在[]0,π上的图像大致为( ).7.执行下图的程序框图,若输入的,,a b k 分别为1,2,3,则输出的M =( ).A .203B . 72C . 165D .1588.设(0,)2πα∈,(0,)2πβ∈,且1sin tan cos βαβ+=,则( ). A .32παβ-=B . 32παβ+=C .22παβ-=D .22παβ+=9.不等式组124x y x y +≥⎧⎨-≤⎩的解集记为D .有下面四个命题: 1p :(,),22x y D x y ∀∈+≥-, 2p :(,),22x y D x y ∃∈+≥,3P :(,),23x y D x y ∀∈+≤, 4p :(,),21x y D x y ∃∈+≤-.其中真命题是( ).A .2p ,3PB .1p ,2pC .1p ,4pD .1p ,3P10.已知抛物线C :28y x =的焦点为F ,准线为l ,P 是l 上一点,Q 是直线PF 与C 的一个焦点,若4FP FQ =,则||QF =( ). A .72 B . 3 C .52D .2 11.已知函数32()31f x ax x =-+,若()f x 存在唯一的零点0x ,且00x >,则a 的取值范围为( ).A .()2,+∞B .()1,+∞C .(),2-∞-D .(),1-∞-12.如图,网格纸上小正方形的边长为1,粗实线画出的是某多面体的三视图,则该多面体的个条棱中,最长的棱的长度为( ).A .62B .6C .42D .4第Ⅱ卷本卷包括必考题和选考题两个部分。
2014年新课标全国语文1卷试题及答案
2014年新课标全国语文1卷试题及答案2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标卷Ⅰ)语文适用地区:河南、河北、山西、湖北、湖南和陕西。
第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必做题一、现代文阅读I(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
悲剧产生于社会的矛盾、两种社会力量的冲突。
冲突双方分别代表着真与假、善与恶、新与旧等对立的两极。
然而,悲剧总是以代表真、善、新等美好的一方的失败、死亡、毁灭为结局,他们是悲剧的主人公。
因为他们的力量还比较弱小,还无法与强大的旧势力或邪恶力量抗衡,正义的要求不能实现,于是形成了悲剧。
古希腊学者XXX指出,悲剧描写了比现实中更美好同时又是“与我们相似的”人物,通过他们的毁灭“引起怜悯和恐惧来使感情得到陶冶”,即产生净化的作用。
然而,悲剧不仅表现冲突与毁灭,而且表现抗争与拼搏,这是悲剧具有审美价值的最根本的原因。
XXX说过:“悲剧将人生的有价值的东西毁灭给人看”。
这种毁灭是抗争、拼搏以后的毁灭,抗争与拼搏体现了人的一种精神。
古希腊神话中XXX为了人类从天上盗取火种,触怒了主神XXX,被锁在高加索山崖上,每日遭神鹰啄食肝脏,但XXX毫不屈服,最后坠入深渊。
XXX的大理石雕塑《马身人首》中,人臂绝望地扑向一个它所抓不到的目标,而马足则陷于尘土不能自拔,表现出人性与兽性的冲突,象征着灵与肉的斗争,具有强烈的悲剧性。
可以说,没有抗争就没有悲剧,冲突、抗争与毁灭是构成悲剧的三个主要因素。
悲剧的审美价值的载体只能是文学艺术。
因为人生有价值的东西、美好事物的毁灭是令人伤悲的,因此现实中的悲剧不能作为直接的审美对象来欣赏,否则人就是泯灭了人性的人了。
现实中的悲剧只能激起人的同情、义愤,迫使人采取严肃的伦理态度和实践行动。
民主革命时期,在演出歌剧《白毛女》的过程中,曾多次出现扮演地主XXX的演员被打甚至险遭枪击的事件,这是人们以实际的道德评价代替了审美活动。
现实的悲剧只在客观上具有悲剧的审美性质,它们必须以文学艺术的形式表现出来,才能成为欣赏的对象,美学上所谓的“以悲为美”才能实现。
2014年高考文科数学全国卷1(含详细答案)
数学试卷 第1页(共39页) 数学试卷 第2页(共39页) 数学试卷 第3页(共39页)绝密★启用前2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标卷1)文科数学使用地区:河南、山西、河北注意事项:1.本试题分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分.第Ⅰ卷1至2页,第Ⅱ卷3至6页.2.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置.3.全部答案在答题卡上完成,答在本试题上无效.4.考试结束后,将本试题和答题卡一并交回.第Ⅰ卷一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知集合{|13}M x x =-<<,{|21}N x x =-<<,则M N = ( ) A .(2,1)- B .(1,1)- C .(1,3) D .(2,3)-2.若tan 0α>,则( )A . sin 0α>B .cos 0α>C . sin20α>D .cos20α> 3.设1i 1iz =++,则|z |=( )A .12B .22 C .32D .24.已知双曲线2221(0)3x y a a -=>的离心率为2,则a = ( )A .2B .62C .52D .1 5.设函数()f x ,()g x 的定义域都为R ,且()f x 是奇函数,()g x 是偶函数,则下列结论中正确的是( )A .()f x ()g x 是偶函数B .|()|f x ()g x 是奇函数C .()f x |()|g x 是奇函数D .|()()|f x g x 是奇函数6.设D ,E ,F 分别为ABC △的三边BC ,CA ,AB 的中点,则EB FC += ( )A .ADB .12AD C .BCD .12BC 7.在函数①cos |2|y x =,②|cos |y x =,③πcos(2)6y x =+,④πtan(2)4y x =-中,最小正周期为π的所有函数为( )A .①②③B .①③④C .②④D .①③8.如图,网格纸的各小格都是正方形,粗实线画出的是一个几何体的三视图,则这个几何体是( )A .三棱锥B .三棱柱C .四棱锥D .四棱柱 9.执行如图的程序框图,若输入的a ,b ,k 分别为1,2,3.则输出的M =( )A .203B .72C .165D .15810.已知抛物线C :2y x =的焦点为F ,00(,)A x y 是C 上一点,05||4AF x =,则0x = ( )A .1B .2C .4D .811.设x ,y 满足约束条件,1,x y a x y +⎧⎨--⎩≥≤且z x ay =+的最小值为7,则a =( )A .5-B .3C .5-或3D .5或3-12.已知函数32()31f x ax x =-+,若()f x 存在唯一的零点0x ,且00x >,则a 的取值范围是( )A .(2,)+∞B .(1,)+∞C .(,2)-∞-D .(,1)-∞-第Ⅱ卷本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分.第13题~第21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答.第22题~第24题为选考题,考生根据要求作答. 二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分.13.将2本不同的数学书和1本语文书在书架上随机排成一行,则2本数学书相邻的概率为 .14.甲、乙、丙三位同学被问到是否去过A ,B ,C 三个城市时,甲说:我去过的城市比乙多,但没去过B 城市;乙说:我没去过C 城市;丙说:我们三人去过同一城市. 由此可判断乙去过的城市为 .15.设函数113e ,1,(),1,x x f x x x -⎧⎪=⎨⎪⎩<≥则使得()2f x ≤成立的x 的取值范围是 .16.如图,为测量山高MN ,选择A 和另一座山的山顶C 为测量观测点.从A 点测得M 点的仰角60MAN ∠=,C 点的仰角45CAB ∠=以及75MAC ∠=;从C 点测得60MCA ∠=.已知山高100BC = m ,则山高MN = m .三、解答题:解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 17.(本小题满分12分)已知{}n a 是递增的等差数列,2a ,4a 是方程2560x x -+=的根. (Ⅰ)求{}n a 的通项公式; (Ⅱ)求数列{}2nn a 的前n 项和.姓名________________ 准考证号_____________-------------在--------------------此--------------------卷--------------------上--------------------答--------------------题--------------------无--------------------效----------------数学试卷 第4页(共39页) 数学试卷 第5页(共39页) 数学试卷 第6页(共39页)18.(本小题满分12分)从某企业生产的某种产品中抽取100件,测量这些产品的一项质量指标值,由测量结(Ⅰ)在答题卡上作出这些数据的频率分布直方图:(Ⅱ)估计这种产品质量指标值的平均数及方差(同一组中的数据用该组区间的中点值作代表);(Ⅲ)根据以上抽样调查数据,能否认为该企业生产的这种产品符合“质量指标值不低于95的产品至少要占全部产品的80%”的规定?19.(本小题满分12分)如图,三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,侧面11BB C C 为菱形,1B C 的中点为O ,且AO ⊥平面11BB C C .(Ⅰ)证明:1B C AB ⊥;(Ⅱ)若1AC AB ⊥,160CBB ∠=,1BC =,求三棱柱111ABC A B C -的高.20.(本小题满分12分)已知点(2,2)P ,圆C :2280x y y +-=,过点P 的动直线l 与圆C 交于A ,B 两点,线段AB 的中点为M ,O 为坐标原点. (Ⅰ)求M 的轨迹方程;(Ⅱ)当||||OP OM =时,求l 的方程及POM △的面积.21.(本小题满分12分)设函数21()ln (1)2a f x a x x bx a -=+-≠,曲线()y f x =在点(1,(1))f 处的切线斜率为0.(Ⅰ)求b ;(Ⅱ)若存在01x ≥,使得0()1af x a <-,求a 的取值范围.请考生在第22、23、24三题中任选一题作答.注意:只能做所选定的题目.如果多做,则按所做的第一个题目计分,作答时请用2B 铅笔在答题卡上将所选题号后的方框涂黑. 22.(本小题满分10分)选修4—1:几何证明选讲如图,四边形ABCD 是O 的内接四边形,AB 的延长线与DC 的延长线交于点E ,且CB CE =.(Ⅰ)证明:D E ∠=∠;(Ⅱ)设AD 不是O 的直径,AD 的中点为M ,且MB MC =,证明:ADE △为等边三角形.23.(本小题满分10分)选修4—4:坐标系与参数方程已知曲线C :22149x y +=,直线l :2,22,x t y t =+⎧⎨=-⎩(t 为参数). (Ⅰ)写出曲线C 的参数方程,直线l 的普通方程;(Ⅱ)过曲线C上任意一点P 作与l 夹角为30的直线,交l 于点A ,求||PA 的最大值与最小值.24.(本小题满分10分)选修4—5:不等式选讲若0a >,0b >,且11a b+=(Ⅰ)求33a b +的最小值;(Ⅱ)是否存在a ,b ,使得236a b +=?并说明理由.3 / 132014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标卷1)文科数学答案解析第Ⅰ卷一、选择题 1.【答案】B【解析】根据集合的运算法则可得:{|11}MN x x =-<<,即选B .【提示】集合的运算用数轴或者Venn 图可直接计算。
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试_新课标I卷_含答案_完美校对 排版_直接打印
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)英语第I卷第一部分:听力(共两节, 满分30分)做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5个小题, 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题, 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后, 你将有10秒钟的时间来回答和阅读下一小题。
每段对话读一遍。
1. What does the woman want to do?A. Find a place.B. Buy a map.C. Get an address.2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Repair the car.B. Give her a ride.C. Pick up her aunt.3. Who might Mr. Peterson be?A. A new professor.B. A department head.C. A company director.4. What does the man think of the book?A. Quite difficult.B. Very interesting.C. Too simple.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. Weather.B. Clothes.C. News.第二节(本节共15个小题, 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几道小题, 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后, 各个小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答6、7题。
2014年新课标全国卷Ⅰ卷含答案
。
(3)下图为气相直接水合法中乙烯的平衡转化率与温度、压强的关系(其中 ∶ =1∶1)。
①列式计算乙烯水合制乙醇反应在图中 A 点的平衡常数 Kp= 替平衡浓度计算,分压=总压×物质的量分数)。
(用平衡分压代
②图中压强(p1、p2、p3、p4)的大小顺序为
,理由是?
。 ③气相直接水合法常采用的工艺条件为:磷酸/硅藻土为催化剂,反应温度 290℃、压 强 6.9 MPa, ∶ =0.6∶1。乙烯的转化率为 5%,若要进一步提高乙烯的转化率,
(2)基态铁原子有
个未成对电子,Fe3+的电子排布式为
氰化钾检验 Fe3+,形成配合物的颜色为
。
,可用硫
(3)新制备的 Cu(OH)2 可将乙醛(CH3CHO)氧化成乙酸,而自身还原成 Cu2O,乙醛中碳原
子的杂化轨道类型为
;1 mol 乙 醛 分 子 中 含 有 的 σ 键 的 数 目
为
。乙酸的沸点明显高于乙醛,其主要原因是?
。
Cu2O 为半导体材料,在其立方晶胞内部有 4 个氧原子,其余氧原子位于面心和顶点,则
该晶胞中有
个铜原子。
(4)铝单质为面心立方晶体,其晶胞参数 a=0.405 nm,晶胞中铝原子的配位数
为
。列式表示铝单质的密度 g·cm-3(不必计算出结果)。
38.(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)[化学——选修 5:有机化学基础]席夫碱类化合物 G 在催 化、药物、新材料等方面有广泛应用。合成 G 的一种路线如下:
部分物质的相关性质如下:
熔点/℃
沸点/℃
备注
白磷
44
280.5
PH3
-133.8
-87.8
2014高考新课标1全国卷英语试题和答案解析
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)英语注意事项:1. 本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。
第I卷1至10页,第II卷11至13页。
2. 答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。
3. 全部答案在答题卡上完成,答在本试卷上无效。
4. 第I卷听力部分满分30分,不计入总分,考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。
5. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10称钟的时间来回答有关小题如阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是 C。
1. What does the woman want to do?A. Find a place.B. Buy a map.C. Get an address.2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Repair her car.B. Give her a ride.C. Pick up her aunt.3. Who might Mr. Peterson be?A. A new professor.B. A department head.C. A company director.4. What does the man think of the book?A. Quite difficult.B. Very interesting.C. Too simple.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. Weather.B. Clothes.C. News.第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2014全国卷语文高考真题试卷及答案解析
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国大纲卷)语文试题第Ⅰ卷一、(12分,每小题3分)1.下列词语中加点的字,读音全都正确的一组是(B)A.龃龉.(yǔ) 系.鞋带(xi) 舐.犊情深(shi) 曲.意逢迎(qū)B.倜傥.(tǎng) 纤.维素(xiān) 羽扇纶.巾(guān ) 针砭.时弊(biān)C.感喟.(kuì) 揭疮.疤(chuāng) 按捺.不住(nài) 大相径.庭(jing)D.霰.弹(xiàn ) 涮.羊肉(shuàn) 以儆.效尤(jǐng) 纵横捭.阖必(bì)2.下列各句中,加点的成语使用恰当的一项是(A)A.在评价某些历史人物时,我们不能只是简单地对他们盖棺论定....,,还应该学科网特别注意研究他们的人生经历和思想变化轨迹。
B.这把吉他是我最要好的朋友出国前存在我这里的,本来说存一年,结果朋友一直没回来,这吉他到现在巳经由我敝帚自珍....了十年。
C.最美的是小镇的春天,草长莺飞,风声鹤唳....,走进小镇就如同置身于世外桃源,来此旅游的人一定会被这里的美丽景色深深吸引。
D.这个剧院的大型话剧、歌剧等演出票价不菲,让许多有艺术爱好而又收入不高的普通人叹为观止....,无法亲临现场享受艺术大餐。
3.下列各句中,没有语病的一句是答:DA.有的人看够了城市的繁华,喜欢到一些人迹罕至的地方去游玩,但这是有风险的,近年来已经发生了多次背包客被困野山的案情。
B.他家离铁路不远,小时候常常去看火车玩儿,火车每当鸣着汽笛从他身边飞驰而过时,他就很兴奋,觉得自己也被赋予了一种力量。
学科网C.新“旅游法”的颁布实施,让很多旅行社必须面对新规定带来的各种新问题,不少旅行社正从过去拼价格向未来拼服务转型的阵痛。
D.哈大高铁施行新的运行计划后,哈尔滨至北京、上海等地的部分列车也将进一步压缩运行时间,为广大旅客快捷出行提供更多选择。
4.依次填人下面一段文字横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一组是答:C信息时代给人们带来了一种新的极其便捷的阅读方式,那就是网络阅读。
2014年高考真题——理综化学(新课标Ⅰ卷)解析版 Word版含解析
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国I 卷)理科综合 化学部分7.下列化合物中同分异构体数目最少的是( )A .戊烷B .戊醇C .戊烯D .乙酸乙酯【答案】A【解析】戊烷只有碳骨架异构,有正戊烷、异戊烷、新戊烷三种同分异构体;戊醇在戊烷的三种骨架结构上羟基的位置不同有8种同分异构体(1—戊醇、 2—戊醇、3—戊醇、2—甲基—1—丁醇、2—甲基—2—丁醇、3—甲基—2—丁醇、3—甲基—1—丁醇、2,2—二甲基—1—丙醇、);戊烯共有5种结构(1—戊烯、 2—戊烯、2—甲基—1—丁烯、2—甲基—2—丁烯、3—甲基—1—丁烯);乙酸乙酯有6种同分异构体(属于酯的4种:甲酸1—丙醇酯、甲酸2—丙醇酯、乙酸乙酯、丙酸甲酯;属于酸的两种:丁酸、2—甲基丙酸),所以最少的是戊烷。
8.化学与社会、生活密切相关。
对下列现象或事实的解释正确的是( )【答案】C【解析】A 、烧碱的主要成分是NaOH ;B 、漂白粉在空气中久置变质是因为漂白粉中的有效成分Ca(ClO)2与空气中的CO 2反应生成HClO (不稳定,易分解);D 、印刷线路板发生的离子反应为2Fe 3++2Cu=2Fe 2++2Cu 2+,而不是FeCl 3能从含Cu 2+的溶液中置换出铜。
9.已知分解1mol H 2O 2放出热量98KJ 。
在含有少量I -的溶液中,H 2O 2分解的机理为: H 2O 2+ I -H 2O+IO -H 2O 2+ IO - H 2O+O 2+ I - 下列有关该反应的说法正确的是( )A .反应速率与I -浓度有关B .IO -也是该反应的催化剂C .反应活化能等于98KJ ⋅mol-1 D .2222(H O )(H O)(O )v v v == 【答案】A【解析】决定化反应速率的主要是慢反应,所以I -浓度越大,则整个反应速率越快,A 正确、B 错误;98KJ·mol-1是该反应的△H ,活化能不能确定,C 错误;把两个方程式处理得到:2H 2O 2=2H 2O +O 2,v(H 2O 2)=v(H 2O)=2v(O 2),D 错误。
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国1卷英语试题与参考答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷)英语试题一. 听力第一节:(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What are the two speakers doing at the moment?A. Drinking coffeeB. Doing the shoppingC. Seeing the doctor2. What does the man mean?A. It‟s easy to forget the keyB. People often make the same mistakesC. He takes the key out of the room3. How long will the man have to wait for the next bus?A .25 minutes B. 20 minutes C .15 minutes4. Where does the conversation probably take place?A .In the car B. On the bus C. Outside the lift5. Why is the man so excited?A. He has got marriedB. He has moved into a new houseC. His small cold house has been sold第二节:(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)听下面一段对话,回答第6至第8小题6 .When did the two speakers meet last?A. Five years agoB. Three years agoC. Two years ago7. Why does the woman stay here?A. She wants to accompany her familyB .She has to work tomorrow.C .She c an‟t afford the plane ticket8. Where will the two speakers go?A . To the cinema B. To the concert hall C To. the restaurant听下面一段对话,回答第9至第11小题9. What does the man think of his trip?A. ProductiveB. ComfortableC. Time-saving10. Why did the man go to Frankfurt?A. To attend a trade fairB. To attend a meetingC. To make a speech11. Which country does the woman mention in the conversation?A. AmericaB. Britain C .Germany听下面一段独白,回答第12至第15小题。
