2012年1月SAT语法真题
2012年1月SAT语法真题(2012-05-30 18:19:21)转载▼标签：教育1. After she won a gold medal in figure skating at the 1956 Olympic Games, Tenley Albright attended medical school and becoming a surgeon.(A). school and becoming(B). school and became(C). school, also became(D). school, she became(E). school; also becoming2. In his Star Wars films, director George Lucas is a contemporary mythmaker, plus being a master of special effects.(A). Lucas is a contemporary mythmaker, plus being(B). Lucas, a contemporary mythmaker, moreover(C). Lucas is a contemporary mythmaker as well as(D). Lucas, who is a contemporary mythmaker and also(E). Lucas is a contemporary mythmaker, he is also3. Because of geothermal changes beneath Old Faithful, the frequency and duration of the geyser’s eruptions are now more predictable.(A). eruptions are now more predictable(B). eruptions, they are now more predictable(C). eruptions are predicted more easier now(D). eruptions being easier to predict than before(E). eruptions, they can now be predicted more easily4. Founded in 1919, the aim of the Bauhaus School was to create a revolutionary modern style that would unite art and mass production.(A). aim of the Bauhaus School was(B). aim of the Bauhaus School having been(C). Bauhaus School, whose aim was(D). Bauhaus School aiming(E). Bauhaus School aimed5. Coleman Hawkins is often called the “father of the tenor saxophone” on account of he was the first to realize the instrument’s expressive powers.(A). saxophone” on account of he was(B). saxophone” because he was(C). saxophone” due to him being(D). saxophone,” which he was(E). saxophone,” he was6. The ship will not leave port until every one of the crew members have been examined bya physician and given a clean bill of health.(A). have been(B). has been(C). had been(D). are(E). were7. It appears that either Jane or Marek will be elected to be presidents of the student union.(A). to be presidents(B). are presidents(C). presidents(D). for president(E). president8. Apparently honoring the actor’s desire for a flattering biography, there is no mention by the author of any of the scandals in which her subject was involved.(A). there is no mention by the author of any of the scandals in which her subject was involved(B). none of the scandals in which her subject was involved is mentioned by the author(C). none of the scandals in which her subject was involved are mentioned by the author(D). the author does not mention any of the scandals in which her subject was involved(E). the author mentions none of the scandals in which her subject were involved9. An odd friendshipin certain respects, she being an outdoor enthusiast and he a dedicated bookworm.(A). An odd friendship(B). As an odd friendship(C). Their friendship being odd(D). Theirs was an odd friendship(E). Having a friendship that was somewhat odd10. Each of the men who attended the meeting were suspected to be a spy.(A). were suspected to be a spy(B). were suspected to be spies(C). were suspected of being spies(D). was suspected of being spies(E). was suspected of being a spy11. The island of Madagascar, off the coast of Africa, is the habitat of more than 200,000 species of plants and animals, many are not found anywhere else on the planet.(A). animals, many are not found anywhere(B). animals; many, are not found anywhere(C). animals; of which many are not found anywhere(D). animals, many found nowhere(E). animals, finding many nowhere12. This film has earned (A) more money (B) from(C) ticket sales than have (D) its closest competitor for the Best Documentary Feature Film Award. No error (E)13. Dr. Ling strongly (A) encouraged each of (B) us contacting (C) our federal and state representatives and urge them to increase (D) funding for elementary school music programs. No error (E)14. In the years following (A) the Second World War, as millions of soldiers returned to civilian life, the demand for (B) housing will cause (C) a massive expansion of (D) suburbs. No error (E)15. Because (A) they build (B) nests on telephone poles as readily (C) as they do in trees, ospreys adapting (D) well to various environment. No error (E)16. Whiptails, the more speedier (A) of lizard, are remarkable creatures because (B) in thirteen of the known (C) species the females reproduce without (D) mating with males. No error (E)17. Scientists have discovered that walnut trees respond to (A) environmental stresses such as(B) drought by producing (C) significant amounts of (D) a substance similar to aspirin. No error (E)18. For our hike, my two companions and I (A) had chose (B) to walk along the Appalachian Trail, one of (C) the oldest and best-loved (D) hiking paths in the United States. No error (E)19. When people see (A) Lake Michigan for the first time, he or she (B) may think that it (C) looks more like (D) an ocean than a lake. No error (E)20. Teeming with (A) hundreds of species of tropical fish, the clear (B) waters of the Caribbean Sea provide (C) a paradise for (D) scuba divers. No error (E)21. The museum’s latest exhibition, featuring (A) the works of several relatively young (B) artists, have been (C) praised in reviews by (D) influential art critics. No error (E)22. The proposed environmental legislation would devote (A) billions of dollars in (B) federal grants to (C) conservation activities such as acquiring new public lands, preserving coastal habitats, and to establish (D) urban parks. No error (E)23. Though the island was formed by (A) volcanic action long ago (B), volcanic activity still threatens (C) its inhabitants occasionally (D). No error (E)24. Damselflies closely (A) resemble dragonflies except that (B) when at rest an adult damselfly holds its wings parallel to the (C) body, while a dragonfly holds theirs (D) perpendicularto the body. No error (E)25. Each girl in my class (A) wanted (B) to have a quinceanera—an elaborate party with plenty of (C) food and dancing—to celebrate her (D) fifteenth birthday. No error (E)26. Experts who decipher (A) ancient written languages report (B) that the Indus civilization’s script is more difficult (C) to decode than other civilizations (D). No error (E)27. Although both (A) birds are known for their distinctive (B) songs, but the rufous songlark has a sweeter (C) song than has (D) the brown songlark. No error (E)28. Because (A) sound waves travel faster (B) in liquids than they do(C) in gases, the speed of sound in water is greater than that of sound (D) in the air. No error (E)29. Mary Whiton Calkins was an imminent (A) psychologist and philosopher whose (B) research focused on (C) such topics as (D) memory, consciousness, and dreams. No error (E)(1)The word “dinosaur” is derived from two Greek words meaning “terrifying lizard.” (2) This fact might therefore lead you to think that today’s reptiles—including lizards—are descended from dinosaurs. (3) Modern reptiles are probably not directly related to the dinosaurs. (4) Instead, it is birds, not reptiles, that most scientists now think are the dinosaurs’ true descendants. (5) Some even say that birds are dinosaurs—dinosaurs as they have evolved over millions of years. (6) That claim may sound incredible. (7) It is based on extensive fossil evidence.(8) A definite evolutionary connection between birds and dinosaurs was first uncovered in 1861.(9) The fossil was the petrified remains of an animal that in many respects resemble a small, winged dinosaur. (10) There was, similarly, one astonishing difference between this fossil and any dinosaur fossil previously found. (11) The newly discovered animal’s body was covered with fully developed feathers. (12) Scientists gave the creature the name Archaeopteryx, which means “ancient wing” in Greek, and declared it a transitional species between dinosaurs and birds. (13) Ancient Greek is a language that lends itself to forming logical compound words such as these. (14) In the years since that discovery, scientists have unearthed other unique fossils. (15) These fossils show that dinosaurs and birds share many common skeletal features. (16) They reveal that several species of dinosaurs had what look like primitive feathers. (17) They indicate that some dinosaurs brooded over their nests, much as chickens do. (18) There is even fossil evidence that a few dinosaurs had four-chambered hearts. (19) That means that they may have been warm-blooded—just like birds but unlike modern reptiles, which are all cold-blooded.30. In context, which of the following would be best to place at the beginning of sentence 3 (reproduced below)?Modern reptiles are probably not directly related to the dinosaurs.(A). In any case,(B). It is believed that(C). As it turns out, though,(D). They now say that(E). Moreover, it appears that31. In context, which is the best way to revise and combine sentences 6 and 7 (reproduced below)?That claim may sound incredible. It is based on extensive fossil evidence.(A). As incredible as that claim may sound, it is based on extensive fossil evidence.(B). That claim may sound incredible, but he based it on extensive fossil evidence.(C). The claim is based on extensive fossil evidence, but they sound incredible to us.(D). That claim sounds incredible; it will need to be based on extensive fossil evidence.(E). Based on extensive fossil evidence, that claim may yet have sounded incredible.32. In context, which of the following would be the most effective revision of the underlined portion of sentence 10 (reproduced below)?There was, similarly, one astonishing difference between this fossil and any dinosaur fossil previously found.(A). obviously(B). however(C). they claimed(D). therefore(E). in retrospect33. In context, which is the best way to deal with sentence 13 (reproduced below)?Ancient Greek is a language that lends itself to forming logical compound words such as these.(A). Insert it immediately after sentence 1.(B). Delete it from the passage.(C). Change “is” to “was”.(D). Change “lends” to “lent”.(E). Change “these” to “Archaeopteryx”.34. In context, which of the following would be the most effective revision of the underlined portion of sentence 14 (reproduced below)?In the years since that discovery, scientists have unearthed other unique fossils.(A). many others(B). many interesting fossils(C). more of these kinds of fossils(D). other fossils that confirm the link between dinosaurs and birds(E). fossils that provide evidence disproving these early findings35. Where in the passage would be the following sentence best be inserted?It was then that a worker in a German limestone quarry accidentally discovered an unusual fossil.(A). Immediately before sentence 5(B). Immediately before sentence 9(C). Immediately before sentence 11(D). Immediately before sentence 12(E). Immediately before sentence 151. Just after returning home, the discovery was made that the basement had flooded during our absence.(A). Just after returning home, the discovery was made(B). Just after returning home, we discovered(C). Having just returned home was when we discovered(D). We returned home, just thereafter we discovered(E). Our discovery, just after we returned home,2. Unlike other members of the bear family, which rely at least in part on a diet of insects, fish, mammals, or other meat, but pandas are primarily vegetarians and eat mainly bamboo.(A). but pandas are(B). but a panda is(C). pandas are(D). pandas, which are(E). that of a panda is3. Maya Lin is best known for designing the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, but her work also including buildings, furniture, and sculptures in stone, wood, and glass.(A). but her work also including(B). but her work also includes(C). but her work also having included(D). her work also includes(E). then her work also includes4. The Mansion House, once home to a thriving utopian community, remained closed to the public for over a century and reopening as a museum in 1987.(A). century and reopening(B). century, it reopened(C). century but reopened(D). century, when reopening(E). century, so reopening5. Voicing their concern about heavy traffic near the school, the town council’s plan to builda bypass was supported by local parents.(A). the town council’s plan to build a bypass was sup ported by local parents.(B). local parents supported the town council’s plan to build a bypass(C). a plan by the town council to build a bypass was supported by local parents(D). a bypass was planned by the town council and local parents supported building it(E). building a bypass was planned by the town council and supported by local parents6. Diamond is harder than any other naturally occurring mineral, and the reason is because its carbon atoms are arranged in a strongly bonded crystal structure.(A). mineral, and the reason is because(B). mineral; and the reason for it is that(C). mineral and because(D). mineral because(E). mineral by7. Relatively little is known about the Suminoe oyster, which is new to the Chesapeake Bay, this has resulted in it being difficult for scientists to decide whether it may disturb the ecosystem there.(A). Bay, this has resulted in it being difficult(B). Bay, which have resulted in difficulty(C). Bay, and results in difficulty(D). Bay; they result in difficulty(E). Bay; as a result, it is difficult8. The reason that many films succeed is that it reflects the private yearnings of audiences.(A). is that it reflects(B). is that they reflect(C). is because of reflecting(D). are because they reflect(E). are their reflection of9. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin used x-rays to discover the chemical structures of penicillin and vitamin B12, winning a Nobel Prize for her work.(A). winning a Nobel Prize for her work.(B). she then won a Nobel Prize for her work(C). this work won her a Nobel Prize(D). she won a Nobel Prize for her work(E). her work having won a Nobel Prize for her10. Although the development of an all-electric airplane is more problematic and complex than an all-electric car, several aeronautical companies are working to design and build all-electric airplanes.(A). an all-electric car(B). all-electric cars(C). those of an all-electric car(D). an all-electric car being developed(E). the development of an all-electric car11. In appearance much like the traditional yellow-fleshed Peruvian potato, Canadian researchers developed the hybrid Yukon Gold potato about 30 years ago.(A). Canadian researchers developed the hybrid Yukon Gold potato(B). Canadian researchers have developed the hybrid Yukon Gold potato(C). the hybrid Yukon Gold potato was developed by Canadian researchers(D). however, the hybrid Yukon Gold potato was developed by Canadian researchers(E). but the hybrid Yukon Gold potato was developed by Canadian researchers12. One of the few marine mammals that makes use of tools are the Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphin, which uses sea sponges to stir sand on the ocean floor while hunting for prey.(A). that makes use of tools are(B). that make use of tools are(C). to make use of tools is(D). to make use of tools are(E). to make use of tools,13. The Institute’s exhibition of pictures of Arctic animals displays a f irm commitment and a deep interest in the conversation of the world’s endangered animal species.(A). displays a firm commitment(B). display a firm commitment(C). displays a firm commitment to(D). display a firm commitment(E). that display a firm commitment14. In addition to scientific talent, Santiago Ramon y Cajal had artistic talent, as is evidenced by the excellent drawings in his papers about the nervous system.(A). as is evidenced by the excellent drawings(B). which the excellent drawings are seen to be evidence of and appeared(C). the excellent drawings which are evidence of this are(D). his excellent drawings as evidence, appearing(E). to be evidenced of in the excellent drawings。
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考1
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷）导航信息卷二英语本试卷分第工卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
第1卷（选择题共100分）第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分）成都四中供稿第一节语法和词汇知识（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）从A.B.C.D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.The UK program, Britain's Got Talent,features three sharp-tonguedjudges,____ remarks can reduce contestants——tears.A. which; intoB.whose; toC.which; to 'D.whose; into2.It is the very ordinariness of .the participants that makes the talentshows -attractive to——a wide audience.八so; so B.such; so C such; such D.so; such3. With his injured left foot fully healed, Yao Ming is just looking 7forward to playing a[0. she is not so cheerful. she used to be?A. How is it that; asB. Why is it; whatC. Why is it; thatD. How it is that; asLl. Gregor Mendel, who was the first that many characteristicsof a plant _ from one generation to another, had a deep loveof nature.A to find; pass about B. finding; passed awayC. found; passed byD. to find; passed on12. the advertisement can't get across to us is - wedon't agree.A. What; whatB.What; whereC. Where; whatD. Where; where13. -How can our business earn a lot of money?-Our business will _ _ profit we have enoughequipment of high quality.A. bring in; as long asB. bring out; if only _C. bring up; unlessD. bring about; in order that14. So desperate _ that no one could help another, eachto save himself and his animals.A. was the situation; was tryingB. the situation was; tryingC the situation was; was trying D. was the situation; trying15* -We are short of hands at the moment.-Don't worry. _ the factory, the managing director willbegin to new employees.A.Immediately he reaches; take upB. Directly he reaches; take onC. On arriving; take offD. As soon as he returns; take in16. The door opened and in _ .B. came heA. he came' .C. did he comeD. did Mr. Smith come17. After months of voyage, Columbus arrived in _ _ later proveda new continent.A.whereB.whatC.whichD.that18. I toured Zhang Jiajie, I was deeply impressed with itsbeautiful scenery.A. For the first timeB. At firstC. It was the first timeD. The first time19. _ private cars are bringing us convenience, they may alsocause more traffic accidents and pollutionA.WhileB.AsC.IfD.Since20. Having ended the major combat (主战), President Bush _rebuilding Iraq.A. started outB. went all outC. turned toD. went onN- . _- . -- t Iitt - _ ,t I n,L 1great season,——that he can——hisfoot now.A. saying; call onB.says; hold onC saying; count on D.said; keep on4.Jingqiu, the young heroine of Zhang Yimou's new movie Under theHawthorn Tree, is a very innocent high school student, with___ _ love story set in—— mid 1970s.A. her; theB.whose;／ C whose; the D.her;／5. -Bob____with Scrooge's company for 10 years in poor workingconditions before he retired.-Oh, dear. That the most trying part of his life.A. had been; could have beenB.has been; couldn't have beenC had been; must have been D.has been; shouldn't have been6. Impressive____.,it fades next——the story of Armstrong'sstruggle against disease.A. as is the record; byB.as is the record; onC. as the record is; for【).as the record is; to7. Lin Yong together with two of his classmates—— the parkadministration about their plan____they want to build a ramp inthe park.A. tell; thatB.tells; that C tells; what【).tell; which8. It being Saturday, rather than——at home,I preferred——．A_ stay; to travel B.to stay, to travelC. staying; travelingD.staying; to travel9. Jim's leg was____damaged in the accident. He now walks with apronounced limp.A. permanentlyB.increasingly C virtually D.deadly第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。
2012年1月(A卷解答)
2012年1月(A卷解答)2011~2012学年秋季学期线性代数（B ）(A 卷)课程考试试题（解答）一、填空题（本题满分15分，共有5道小题，每道小题3分，请将合适的答案填在每题的空中）1. 设,A B 都是n 阶矩阵，且它们的行列式分别为3 2 A B ==-，，则AB 2= 62 n-⨯．2．若向量组T T T123(1,2,3),(2,3,4),(3,4,)t ααα===线性相关，则t = 5 ．3. 设n 阶矩阵A 与B 相似，且3A E +不可逆，则B 的一个特征值为 3 -．4．设3阶矩阵A 的特征值互不相同, 若行列式||0=A , 则A 的秩为 2 ．5. 若二次型()()222212312332f x ,x ,x x t x t x =+--是正定的，那么t 取值范围为 20 t <．二、 选择题（本题满分15分，共有5道小题，每道小题3分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的，把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内） 1．已知四阶行列式312D 201321=-，则13332A A +的值为【 C 】．（其中ijA 为行列式D 中元素a ij 的代数余子式．）(A) 2； (B) 1； (C) 0； (D) 3． 2． 设12,,,sa a a 均为n 维列向量，下列选项不正确的是【 B 】．(A) 对于任意一组不全为0的数12,,,sk k k 都有s s k a k a k a 1122,0+++≠，则12,,,sa a a 线性无关；(B) 若12,,,sa a a 线性相关，则对于任意一组不全为0数12,,,sk k k 都有s s k a k ak a 1122,0+++=；(C) 12,,,sa a a 线性无关的充分必要条件是此向量组的秩为s ；(D) 若12,,,sa a a 线性无关的必要条件是其中任意两个向量线性无关． 3. 设3阶矩阵A 的特征值为123221λλλ==-=，，，对应的特征向量依次为123,,p p p ，令()123,,P =p p p ，则1-PAP =【 D 】．(A) 200020001-⎛⎫⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭； (B) 100020002⎛⎫⎪ ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭； (C)200010002⎛⎫⎪ ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭；(D)200020001⎛⎫⎪- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭.4. 已知12,ββ是非齐次线性方程组Ax b =的两个不同的解，12,αα是其对应的齐次线性方程组0Ax =的一个基础解系，则Ax b=的通解为【 A 】． (A)k k k k R 112212121()(,)2ααββ+++∈； (B)k k k k R 112212121()(,)2ααββ++-∈;(C)k k k k R 1122112(,)ββα++∈； (D)11!ni n i==∑10分四、（本题满分10分）设矩阵300011014A ⎛⎫⎪=- ⎪⎪⎝⎭，361123B ⎛⎫⎪= ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭，且满足B X AX +=2，求矩阵X .解答：由BX AX +=2得，(2)A E X B-=4分1100(2)021011A E -⎛⎫⎪-=-- ⎪⎪⎝⎭8分1(2)X A E B -=-=100021011⎛⎫⎪-- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭361123⎛⎫⎪= ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭364132⎛⎫ ⎪- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭10分 或1003610036(2,)01111 010410122300132A E B r ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪⎪-=--- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪--⎝⎭⎝⎭，X =364132⎛⎫ ⎪- ⎪⎪-⎝⎭．五、（本题满分14分，第1题10分，第2题4分）1. 已知非齐次线性方程组121312311x x x x x ax x b+=⎧⎪-=⎨⎪++=⎩ ；（1）求参数的值为何值时，方程组无解，有无穷多解，有惟一解；（2）并在有解时，求其解． 2. 设矩阵1234(,,,)αααα=A ，矩阵A的秩()3R =A ，且234,ααα=+12βαα=-+3α4α-，求方程β=Ax 的通解．解答：1. 对增广矩阵进行行初等变换，得 11011101(,)1011 0110110021A b r a b a b ⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪=- ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪--⎝⎭⎝⎭，3分 （1）21a b =≠，时，方程组无解； 4分2a ≠时，方程组有惟一解；5分21a b ==，时，方程组有无穷多解解；6分 （2）惟一解为1231121212b x a b x a b x a -⎧=+⎪-⎪-⎪=⎨-⎪-⎪=⎪-⎩8分21a b ==，时，11011011(,)1011 0110110000A b r a b -⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪=- ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭通解为1110()10x k k R ⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪=-+∈ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭．10分2．由()3R A =知，齐次线性方程组0Ax =的基础解系中含一个非零的解向量．由于234,ααα=+，则有123401(,,,)011⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪= ⎪- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭αααα，于是0111⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪= ⎪- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭ξ是齐次线性方程组Ax =基础解系． 2分由12βαα=-+3α4α-，则有123411(,,,)11⎛⎫ ⎪- ⎪= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭ααααβ，3分于是1111η*⎛⎫ ⎪- ⎪= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭是方程β=Ax 的特解，故β=Ax 的通解为()x k k R ξη*=+∈． 4分六、（本题满分14分）已知二次型T 21221232313(,,)222(0)f x x x x Ax =ax x x bx x b =+-+>，其中f 的矩阵A 的特征值之和为1，特征值之积为-12．(1) 求a ，b 的值；(2) 利用正交变换将二次型f 化为标准形，并写出所用的正交变换和对应的正交矩阵．解答：(1) 二次型f的矩阵为002002a b A b ⎛⎫⎪= ⎪⎪-⎝⎭2分设A 的特征值为iλ（1, 2, 3i =）． 由题设条件，有1232(2)1a λλλ++=++-=，21230020421202a ba b b λλλ==--=-，解得1, 2a b ==．4分(2) 矩阵A 的特征多项式()21020202(3)22A E λλλλλλ--=-=--+--，所以A的特征值122λλ==，33λ=-． 7分对于122λλ==，解齐次线性方程组(2)0A E x -=，得对应的特征向量T1(2,0,1)a =， T2(0,1,0)a =．9分 对于33λ=-，解齐次线性方程组(3)0A+E x =，得对应的特征向量T3(1,0,2)a=-． 10分由于1a ，2a ，3a 已是正交向量组，只需将1a ，2a ，3a 单位化，由此得T155β=，T2(0,1,0)β=，T355β=．令矩阵()123055,,010055Q βββ⎛⎫ ⎪⎪==⎪⎪ ⎝，则Q 为正交矩阵．在正交变换=X QY 下，有T 200020003Q AQ ⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪⎪-⎝⎭，13分且二次型f的标准形为222123223f y y y =+-．14分七、（本题满分12分，每小题各6分）证明下列各题： 1. 若向量1234,,,ξξξξ是n 元非齐次线性方程组Ax b =的解向量，那么它们的线性组合11223344k k k k ξξξξ+++也是该方程组解向量的充分必要条件是12341k kk k +++=；2. 设A 是n 阶矩阵，1λ和2λ是A 的两个不同的特征值，12,ηη是A的属于特征值1λ的两个线性无关的特征向量，3η是A的属于特征值2λ的特征向量，证明：123,,ηηη线性无关．证：1. 向量1234,,,ξξξξ是n 元非齐次线性方程组Ax b =的解向量，则(1,2,3,4)iA b i ξ==， 2分于是，11223344112233441234() (),A k k k k k A k A k A k A k k k k b ξξξξξξξξ+++=+++=+++4分 故11223344k k k k ξξξξ+++也是该方程组解向量的充分必要条件是12341k k k k +++=． 6分 2. 令1122330k k k ηηη++=． (1)2分用A 左乘上式得1122330k A k A k A ηηη++=，由111212323,,A A A ηληηληηλη===得，1112123230k k k ληληλη++=． (2)1(1)(2)λ⨯-得3123()0k λλη-=，由12λλ≠，30η≠，知30k =，代入(1)得11220k k ηη+=，4分 再由12,ηη线性无关知，120k k ==，故123,,ηηη线性无关． 6分八、（本题满分6分）设A 为3阶实对称矩阵，且A 的秩()2R A =，已知111100001111A -⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭⎝⎭，求： A 的所有特征值及每一个特征第 11 页 共 11 页 11 值所对应的特征向量．解答：由111100001111A -⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭⎝⎭得，111100, 001111A A ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪=-= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪--⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭， 则11λ=-是A 的特征值，p k k 110(0)1⎛⎫ ⎪=≠ ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭是与之对应的特征向量， 2分21λ=是A 的特征值，p k k 210(0)1⎛⎫ ⎪=≠ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭是与之对应的特征向量． 4分 由()2R A =知，30λ=是A 的特征值．设与30λ=对应的特征向量为1323x p x x ⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，由于A 为3阶实对称矩阵，故3p 分别与12, p p 正交，于是有121200x x x x -=⎧⎨+=⎩，则p k k 301(0)0⎛⎫ ⎪=≠ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ ．6分。
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷Ⅰ)英语(解析版)
绝密★启用前2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国大纲卷Ⅰ)英语【试卷总评】本试卷继续遵循“在稳定中求创新、在发展中求平衡”的原则。
试题总体难度适中，没有偏题、怪题。
听力部分基本保持稳定；单项填空考查知识全面，题干简洁、明快，容易理解；完形填空由常考的夹叙夹议文和记叙文改成了说明文，不过难度不太大，是一篇有关身势语话题的文章，内容不偏，并且课本中有类似的文章，所以显得熟悉、亲切；阅读理解总体难度较小，没有什么似是而非的干扰项；写作也是常见的电子邮件的形式，其内容也是常见的。
总之，2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国大纲Ⅰ卷是一套难度适中的好题。
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题) 和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题) 两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至14页。
第Ⅱ卷15至16页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷注意事项：⒈答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将目己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。
请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
⒉每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.15.C. ￡9.18.答案是B。
1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore.B. In a classroom.C. In a library.2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7: 20.B. 7: 15.C. 7: 00.3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C. A radio programme. 4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. She went to the wrong place.C. She couldn‟t take the cake back.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话。
全国2012年1月自学考试高级英语试题
全国2012年1月自学考试高级英语试题全国2012年1月高等教育自学考试高级英语试题课程代码：00600全部题目用英文作答(英译汉题目除外)，请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. The following paragraphs are taken fromthe textbooks， followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to Y.Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (25 points， 1 point for each) This strategy also has ancient antecedents. Ever since civilization began，certain 1 have tried to run away from it in hopes of finding a simpler，more 2 ，and more peaceful life. Unlike the dropouts，they are not 3 . They are willing to support themselves and to 4 something to the general community，but they simply don’t like the environment of civilization; that is，the city，with all its 5 and tension.I had the lonely child’s habit of 6 stories and holding conversations with 7 persons，and Ithink from the very start my literary ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated and 8 . I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing 9 facts，and I felt that this created a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my 10 in everyday life.Only two people shared her “special”seat: a fine old man in a velvet coat，his hands 11 over a huge carved walking-stick，and a big old woman，sitting 12 ，with a roll of knitting on her embroidered apron. They did not speak. This was 13 ，for Miss Brill always looked forward 14 the conversation. She had become really quite 15 ，she thought，at listening as though she didn’t listen，at sitting in other people’s lives just for a minute while they talked round her.Our research shows that no company can succeed today by trying to be all things to all people. It must instead find the 16 value that it alone can deliver to a chosen market. We haveidentified three distinct value 17 ，so called because each discipline produces a different kind of 18 value. Choosing one discipline to master does not mean that a company 19 the other two，only that it picks a dimension of value on which to 20 its market reputation over the long term.The value of snobbery in general，its humanistic “point”，consists in its power to 21 activity. A society with plenty of snobberies is like a dog with plenty of 22 : it is not likely to become comatose. Every snobbery demands of its devotees 23 efforts， a succession of sacrifices. The society-snob must be perpetually lion-hunting; the modernity-snob can never rest 24 trying to be up-to-date. Swiss doctors and the Best that has been thought or said must be the daily and nightly preoccupation of all the snobs respectively of 25 and culture.A.maki ng upB.uniqueC.uprightD.customerE.uglinessF.discip linesG.imaginaryH.parasitesI.to J.stakeK.fleas L.clasped M.diseaseN.disappointingO.failureP.indivi duals Q.expertR.undervaluedS.contributeT.abandonsU.uncea sing V.pastoralW.from X.stimulateY.unpleasantII. Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions.Choose the right one to complete the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (15 points，1 point for each)26. What you say is far ______ from what you said before.A. movedB. removedC. provedD. disproved27. There will be live ______ of the concert onTV and radio.A. transactionB. transitionC. transmissionD. transportation28. The first priority for a government is to enable its citizens to live in peace and ______ . A. tranquility B. altitudeC. complexityD. attitude29. The pianist was ______ with the most extravagant applause from the audience.A. loadedB. burdenedC. pressedD. weighed30. The problem of poverty didn’t ______ itself until the earthquake.A. manifestB. demonstrateC. emergeD. exhibit31. They got their just ______ when the scheme was finally uncovered.A. desertB. dessertC. desertsD. desserts32. The tail of the whale ______ their boat and they all fell into water.A. pluckedB. flickedC. peckedD. flapped33. In time of prosperity，friends will be plenty; in time of ______ ，not one among twenty. A. dilemma B. adversityC. insomniaD. deadlock34. He refused to ______ of such a solution to his problem.A. deceiveB. receiveC. conceiveD. perceive35. He felt proud to proclaim that he knew only English and somehow ______ of his native culture.A. contemporaryB. temporaryC. contemptuousD. contemptible36. There is a growing recognition that we should abolish racial ______.A. segregationB. separationC. integrationD. evaporation37. It is desirable to ______ the chemicals before the plant is seriously damaged.A. splashB. spillC. pourD. spray38. I didn’t expect him to descend to ______ abuse.A. commonB. personalC. ordinaryD. individual39. Make a phone call if you are wishing to renew your ______ to our magazine.A. contributionB. distributionC. subscriptionD. attribution40. He began to ______ as the intense cold pervaded the room.A. shakeB. quakeC. jerkD. shiverRead the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items III，IV， V.(1) “During the whole of a dull，dark and soundless day in the autumn of the year，when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens，I had been passing alone，on horseback，through a singularly dreary tract of country; and at length found myself，as the shades of the evening drew on，within view ofthe melancholy House of Usher.”Thus Edgar Allan Poe opened his story of “The Fall of the House of Usher”in 1839. In this beautifully crafted sentence he captured so much that is essential to the horror story—darkness，ominous solitude，foreboding calm，apprehension and uncertainty，and a deep feeling of melancholy that could soon turn to fear.(2) Many kinds of fiction are self-explanatory: mysteries，westerns，love stories，spy thrillers，and science fiction define themselves by the terms used to name them. The horror story is less easily defined，perhaps because other types of fiction so often use the trappings of terror to enhance their plots. Charles Dickens used the vehicle of an old-fashioned ghost Story to tell “A Christmas Carol”，but that book is not a horror story. Nor does a Grimm brothers fairy tale such as “Hänsel and Gretel，”with its child-devouring witch，belong to the genre. (3) The nature of the horror story is bestindicated by the title of the 1990s television series Tales from the Dark Side. Human beings have always acknowledged that there is evil in the world and a dark side to human nature that cannot be explained except perhaps in religious terms. This evil may be imagined as having an almost unlimited power to inspire anxiety，fear，dread，and terror in addition to doing actual physical and mental harm.(4) In the tale of horror quite ordinary people are confronted by something unknown and fearful，which can be neither understood nor explained in reasonable terms. It is the emphasis on the unreasonable that lies at the heart of horror stories.(5) This kind of literature arose in the 18th century at the start of a movement called Romanticism. The movement was a reaction against a rational，ordered world in which humanity was basically good and everything could be explained scientifically. The literary type that inspired the horror story is Gothicfiction，tales of evil，often set in sinister medieval surroundings. This original kind of horror fiction has persisted to the present. An early 20th-century master of the type was H.P. Lovecraft，most of whose stories appeared in the magazine Weird Tales. A more recent writer was Stephen King，author of Carrie(1974)，The Shining(1977)，Pet Sematary(1984)，Misery (1987)，and Rose Madder (1995).(6) Much horror literature is grounded in superstition，fear of demons，and the dread of death. No single tale brings all of these elements together so well as the vampire legend，an ancient folk superstition. The vampire is described as undead，an entombed individual who rises each night to feed on the blood of the living. In literature its best representation is Dracula (1897) by Bram Stoker. The legend was retold in Interview with the Vampire(1976) by Anne Rice. The Dracula story was eagerly taken up by Hollywood in the 1931 film that starred Bela Lugosi，and numerous movies on thetheme have been made since.(7) Similar to the vampire legend is the story of the wolfman，the human being under a curse who turns into a half man，half wolf presumably when the moon is full. This creature prowls around，devouring animals，people，or corpses，but he returns to human form by day. As with Dracula，the wolfman became a popular subject for movies，beginning with The Werewolf of London (1935) and the wolfman films of the 1940s. According to one superstition the werewolf，after being killed，turns into a vampire.(8) The belief that the dead can return to haunt and harm the living has long been an element of fiction. Ghost stories are at least as old as the Bible: in the Old Testament，King Saul calls up the ghost of Samuel to foretell the outcome of a battle. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet，the ghost of the slain king provides the information from which Hamlet plots revenge for his father’s murder. One of the masters of the modern ghoststory was Ambrose Bierce，some of whose stories were collected in Ghost and Horror Stories of Ambrose Bierce (1964). A variation on the ghost theme is the haunted house，about which hundreds of stories have been written. (9) Between the vampires and the ghosts are creatures called the living dead and zombies who return from the grave to devour the living. Hollywood celebrated this story in Night of the Living Dead (1968) and other films. In literature one of the best examples is the intriguing book The Beast with Five Fingers (1928; film version 1946) by W.F. Harvey. It is the story of a severed hand that goes on living after its owner dies. The movie Friday the 13th (1980) and its sequels also used the revived corpse as villain. In the 1986 film Trick or Treat，a dead rock music star is called back to life.III. In this section，there are ten incomplete statements or questions，followed by four choices marked A， B，C and D. Choose the best answer and writethe corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (20 points， 2 points for each) 41. In the first paragraph，Edgar Allan Poe’s story is quoted to show ______.A. how beautiful his writing isB. what a horror story is likeC. He was good at writing horror storiesD. His stories are dark and mysterious42. The word “ominous” in the first paragraph means ______.A. foreshadowing evilB. foretelling luckC. forecasting rainD. forbearing pain43. “Many kinds of fiction are self-explanatory” in the second paragraph means ______.A. they target ordinary readersB. they are easy to understandC. their categories show what they are aboutD. they often employ horror to develop their plots44. The most important element that makes a horror story is ______.A. uncertaintyB. suspensionC. irrationalityD. superstition45. The assumption behind horror stories is that ______.A. humanity is evil in natureB. humanity is basically goodC. humanity can be taught to be goodD. humanity can be explained46. The word “entombed” in the sixth paragraph means ______.A. wickedB. faintedC. woundedD. buried47. The word “slain” in the eighth paragraph means ______.A. capturedB. killedC. bittenD. beaten48. Stories of haunted houses deal with the theme of ______.A. vampiresB. zombiesC. werewolvesD. ghosts49. A typical example of a zombie story is ______.A. CarrieB. The Beast with FiveFingersC. DraculaD. The Werewolf of London50. The purpose of this passage is to ______.A. persuadeB. informC. entertainD. reasonIV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write the translation on your Answer Sheet. (10 points， 2 points for each)51. The horror story is less easily defined，perhaps because other types of fiction so often use the trappings of terror to enhance their plots.52. Human beings have always acknowledged that there is evil in the world and a dark side to human nature that cannot be explained except perhaps in religious terms.53. Much horror literature is grounded in superstition，fear of demons，and the dread of death.54. Similar to the vampire legend is the story ofthe wolfman，the human being under a curse who turns into a half man，half wolf presumably when the moon is full.55. The belief that the dead can return to haunt and harm the living has long been an element of fiction.V. Answer the following essay question in English within 80-100 words. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (10 points) 56. Do you like horror stories? Why or why not? VI. Translate the following sentences into English and write the translation on your Answer Sheet. (20 points， 2 points each for 57-60， 4 points for 61， 8 points for 62)57.我很擅长这些欺骗伎俩，虽然我不能每次都骗得了自己。
2012年1月(秋季)MBA联考英语真题答案解析
2012年1月（秋季）MBA联考英语真题答案解析Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that‟s not how it used to be .To the men and women who （1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the （2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who （3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the （4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,（5) an average guy ,up （6 )the best trained ,bestequipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation （7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never（9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has （10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow -and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)t he “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student‟s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students‟ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make themcount for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poorstudents_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls‟ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls‟ identity to appearance. Then it presents that conn ection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence.Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls‟ lives and interests.Girls‟ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow enc oded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What‟s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children‟s market ing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children‟s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids‟ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers‟ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences - or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNAmol ecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greaterpanies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-mostare already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug‟s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for …connecting thedits‟,expaains h ans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34．By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author‟s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society‟s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others‟[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage T homas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and tra nsmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding - from gender to race to cultural studies - were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairsSection III Translation 46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translationon ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary thatyou bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customerservice center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)参考答案：完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.B11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DTEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.DTEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CTEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.DTEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE46.翻译当发展中国家的人们担心迁移时，他们通常担心最好和最明亮的出发到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学。
【天道原创】2012年SAT官方每日一题之语法改错
日积月累，终成大器天道最新版的2012SAT每日一题就要和大家见面了！！！在此，衷心感谢天道编辑的细致整理，给广大考生一份很好的补充复习资料。
众所周知，SAT考试是目前中国高中生面临难度系数最高、准备时间最长的英语考试。
但与此同时，仍然有大量抱着侥幸心理，不好好复习，凭运气小聪明做题的考生。
如何应对SAT考试，成为了众多考生在完成托福考试后的当务之急。
除去传统的SAT OG和真题复习资料外，我认为考生们将SAT近一年的Collegeboard《每日一题》完成，也是很重要的选择。
SAT《每日一题》，代表了官方的最新动态，是我们能够拿到的，除去SAT 真题外，最重要的一手资料。
通过《每日一题》的练习，考生们能够把握年度的题型走向和出题趋势，同时对于一些官方的新考点做到第一时间练习。
如2012年，SAT的数学考试范围增加了数据分析、简单的矩阵、统计及概率分析的试题，考生就能够在第一时间，在我们的《每日一题》中得到练习。
在此，我希望能够再次与广大有志于在SAT考试中一展身手，冲刺美国名校的精英高中生们说一下，我个人认为的SAT备考资料序列。
首先，重中之重，SAT官方指南（OG）10套，通过对于OG的熟识，了解SAT题型和出题思路。
其次，SAT历年真题20套（2005-2012），考生通过大量练习，运用在OG中收获的各项解题思路，消化吸收解题方法。
再次，SAT OC和每日一题。
SAT OC出题较难，同时有些偏，建议能力在2100+以上的学生，在真题精熟的情况下，试做。
《每日一题》则作为SAT时时的补充性练习，每一两个月，做一次补充版本，熟悉新的题型即可。
以此三步，稳扎稳打，相信很多考生都能够取得他们自身能力范围内的理想成绩。
祝考生们取得理想佳绩！大爱你们！天道教育常志诚天道培训六大优势国内首家独创专职“学习规划师”和“留学规划师”制度，对学生全程规划、全程跟踪，全程反馈。
十年经验积累执着专注高端考试辅导和名校申请，铸就国际教育高端领先品牌。
2012SAT写作真题
2012.01175. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belowto be trustworthy?BernardMadoffPublic WifiAll that is needed for us to be spared the damage caused by the evil force is for us to be suspicious of/alert against any individuals, including those appearing trustworthy.Malicious/vicious /ill-intentioned 恶意的Avoid/be immune to /be spared the damage caused byVoid of=没有a room void of furnitureArbitrary 武断的Groundless 毫无根据的Threaten/jeopardizeIntimidate 恐吓Intimate 亲密的176. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belowOji-CreeBostonHeighten the risk of doing sthAstray名言代出improvement progress的重要性（Comfort-seeking missiles, we spare no efforts to maximize pleasure and minimize pain）adage名言All that is needed for the sustainable development of a civilization is for continuous and constant improvement totake place. Or in other words, only when… such an adage demonstrates itself best through the case in which labor-saving machines have, ever since their advent, revolutionized the way we communicate, the way we do business and overall the way we live.Comfort-seeking missiles, humans spare no efforts to improve their life quality. This is exactly the reason/the intention of inventors of revolutionary technological products, including…Accompanied by ..In companion with sth伴随着Drawbacks that we cannot afford to ignore 不能被忽略177. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belowInduce /tempt辩论赛——－反对reward：impress the representatives是rewardinitiative主动性/internal motivation: Bethany Hamilton178. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belowactually done?2012.03179. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below180. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below181. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below2012.05182. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below183. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belowEmmaMalala184. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below认真看小时代的电影BernardmadoffWatergate scandal185. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belowSubmissiveMasculine leading position no expression of vulnerabilityCash in挣钱Indispensable 不可或缺的formulate peer effect fast-fashion industry2012.06186. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belownew ones?Oji-CreeFilter bubble187. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belowHelp the elderlyEmma坚持原来的做法Ben & JerryAkio Morita188. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belowAssignment: Are people more likely to achieve their goals by being flexible or by refusing to compromise? 189. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belowopinions they consider to be wrong?EmmaDuncan2012.10190. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belowcountry?191. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below192. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below历史的参考作用the Great Depression Watergate scandal the world wars Bernard Madoff 193. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below2012.11194. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belowKenneth ShinozukaBethany Hamilton195. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belowAmbitious vsrealisticAmbitiousJack andrakaEmma WatsonKenneth Shinozuka196. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belowDuncanJack AndrakaEmma197. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belowBethany HamiltonDuncanJack AndrakaKenneth Shinozuka2012.12198. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belowInflexibilityDo not submit to public opinion199. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belowBethanyEmma200. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below谎言201. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment belowKenneth ShinozukaJack andraka。
2012年全国各地英语高考真题--语法篇(含答案)
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国I）第二部分英语知识运用(共两节.满分45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、c、D四个选项中.选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21.-Which one of these do you want?- Either will do .A. I don't mindB. I'm sureC. No problemD. Go ahead22. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.A.不填；aB. a; theC. the; 不填D. the; a23. "Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say, "because every step ‖A. has shownB. is showingC. showsD. showed24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what25. I don't believe we've met before, I must say you do look familiar.A. thereforeB. althoughC. sinceD. tailes326. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so muchA. the bestB. bestC. betterD. the better27. Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can_ almost every word her teachersays.A. put outB. put downC. put awayD.put together28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit29. This restaurant wasn't_ that other restaurant we went to.A. half as good asB. as half good asC. as good as halfD. flood as half as30. I _use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes bymy house.A. couldn'tB. mustn'tC. shouldn'tD. needn't31. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but_ of them wants to, becausethey have work to do.A.eitherB.any C .neither D. none32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared toB. comparing toC. compare toD. compared to33.I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers before myeyes.A.swim B .swum C.swam D. had swum34. You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.A.soB. orC. andD. but35. If she doesn't want to go, nothing you can say will her.A.persuadeB. promiseC. inviteD. support答案21-35 21.A 22.C 23.C 24.D 25.B 26.D 27.B28.A 29.A 30.D 31.C 32.D 33.C 34.B 35.A2012年高考英语试题及答案(全国卷II)⒍– What shall we do tonight then?– ___ – whatever you want.A．Help yourself B．It's a deal C．No problem D．It's up to you⒎ He missed ___ gold in the high jump, but will get ___ second chance in the long jump.A．the; the B．不填; a C．the; a D．a; 不填⒏ That evening, ___ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A．that B．which C．what D．when⒐ Sarah made ___ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A．herself B．this C．that D．it⒑Tony lent me the money, ___ that I'd do as much for him.A．hoping B．to hope C．hoped D．having hoped⒒I had hardly got to the office ___ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.A．when B．than C．until D．after⒓We ___ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.A．set about B．set up C．set out D．set down⒔Next to biology, I like physics ___ .A．better B．best C．the better D．very well⒕– Did you ask Sophia for help?– I ___ need to – I managed perfectly well on my own.A．wouldn't B．don't C．didn't D．won't⒖The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ___ anything that happened to be on.A．to watch B．watching C．watched D．to have watched⒗100℃is the temperature ___ which water will boil.A．for B．at C．on D．of⒘I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ___ find the money.A．can B．might C．would D．need⒙The manager ___ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.A．has told B．is telling C．has been telling D．will have told⒚The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ___ in this city.A．quality B．progress C．production D．demand⒛– Try not to work yourself too hard．Take it easy.– Thanks．___A．So what? B．No way. C．What for? D．You, too英语（北京卷）21. —Look at those clouds!—Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time.A. Even ifB.As thoughC. In caseD. If only22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold.A. getsB. has gotC. will getD.is getting23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.A. correctsB. correctC.to correctD. correcting24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.A. whyB. howC. thatD. whether25. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he ______.A. wouldn’tB. didn’tC. hasn’tD. hadn’t26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eatingor sleeping.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. UseB. UsingC. UsedD. To use28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _____.A. someB. lessC. muchD. more29. —Have you heard about that fire in the market?— Yes, fortunately no one _____.A. hurtB. was hurtC. has hurtD. had been hurt30. Our friendship _____ quickly over the weeks that followed.A. had developedB. was developingC. would developD. developed31. ______ at the door before you enter my room, please.A. KnockB. KnockingC. KnockedD. To knock33. We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?A. should faceB. might faceC. could have facedD. must have faced34. Do you think this shirt is too tight ____ the shoulders?A. atB. onC. toD. across35. Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.A. isB. wereC. has beenD. had been21-35 ACDCB BCDBD AACDB2012年浙江高考英语试题1. ----- Is there anything else to discuss?------ _________, I guess.A. Not at allB. No ,that‘s allC. Yes , I ‗m sureD. Yes , of course2. The development of industry has been _______ gradual process throughout ______human existence from stone tools to modern technology.A, / , the B, the , a C, a, / D, a, a3. No matter how bright a talker you are , there are times when it ‗s better ______ silent.A, remain B, be remaining C, having remained D, to remain4. I made a promise to myself _______ this year, my first year in high school , would be different. A, whether B, what C, that D, how5. Studying Wendy‘s menu , I found that many of the items are similar to ______ of McDonald‘s . A, those B, ones C, any D, all6. _______ all the animals I ‗ve ever had ,those two dogs are the most sensitive to spoken word.A. FromB. OfC. ForD. With7. Your _______ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn. A, opinion B, growth C, performance D, character8. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regualrly or ______ his job. A, quits B, to quit C, quitting D, quit9. We live in an age ________ more information is available with great ease than ever before.A, why B, when C, to whom D, on which10. The research lacks ________ evidence ,and therefore , its conclusions are doubtful.A, solid B, fierce C, severe D, potential11. ― It‘s such a nice place,‖ Mother said as she sat at the table______ for customers.A, to be reserved B, having reserved C, reserving D, reserved12. According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to ___ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22. A, differ B, shrink C, fail D, decline13. Peter had intended to take a job in business, but ______ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.A, had abandoned B, abandoned C, abandon D, will abandon14. Brown said he was by no means annoyed; _______ he was glad to be able make himself clearly understood.A, all in all B, for one thing C, on the contrary D, by the way15. Armed with the information you have gathered , you can ________ preparing your business plan. A, set out B, set about C, set off D, set up16. ----- Alvin , are you coming with us?------ I‘d love to , but something unexpected __________.A, has come up B, was coming up C, had come up D, would come up17. Ellen was a painter of birds and nature, _______, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A, which B, who C, where D, whom18. Mike was usually so careful, ________this time he made a small mistake.A, yet B, still C, even D, thus19. Had they known what was coming next, they ________ second thoughts.A, may have B, could have C, must have had D, might have had20. ----- I‘m going to San Francisco for a couple of days.------ ________, I wish I could get away for a while.A. It doesn‘t matterB. Forget it.C.I really envy youD. I can‘t agree moreBCDCA BCDBA DDBCB ABADC2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）21. Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to ________ our school‘s campaign ―Help the Needy‖, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.A. sponsorB. launchC. organizeD. plan22. Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and ________ every page of my draft.A. approvedB. quotedC. polishedD. folded23. Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to ________ his courage.A. hold upB. keep upC. set upD. take up24. I‘m so glad you‘ve come here to ________ this matter in person.A. lead toB. see toC. turn toD. refer to25. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _______ in the garden of a traditional home.A. out of questionB. out of orderC. out of sightD. out of place26. ―Perhaps we need to send for Dr. Smith to see what we can do about it,‖ Father suggested ________ to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.A. tentativelyB. thoughtlesslyC. definitelyD. rudely27. Can you tell the ________ differ ence between the words ―require‖ and ―request‖?I sometimes get puzzled by their meanings.A. dramaticB. regionalC. apparentD. subtle28. Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled d own has remained ________; people are still looking for other possible solutions.A. unchallengedB. relevantC. controversialD. contradictory29. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________.A. symptomB. similarityC. sampleD. shadow30. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa.A. patternB. procedureC. programD. perspective21. D 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. D2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷）1. —Excuse me. How much is the shirt?— _______.A. Extra LargeB. 50 eachC. It sells wellD. Altogether there are 52. New technologies have made ____ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.A. thatB. thisC. oneD. it3. —Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime.—Sure. ______.A. I didB. I doC. I shallD. I will4. At school, some students are active ______ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.A. whileB. althoughC. soD. as5. This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently.A. is thereB. there isC. is itD. it is6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.A. findingB. to findC. being foundD. to have found7. The hotel is almost finished, but it _____ needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.A. onlyB. alsoC. evenD. still8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to windB. windC. windingD. wound9. —Did you catch what I said?—Sorry. I ______ a text message just now.A. had answeringB. have answeredC. would answerD. was answering10. If you happen to get lost in the wild, you‘d better stay ______ you are and wait for help.A. whyB. whereC. whoD. what11. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ____.A. is being rebuiltB. has been rebuiltC. is rebuiltD. has rebuilt12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.A. washedB. washC. washingD. to wash13. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.A. in whomB. in themC. of whomD. of them14. This training program can give you a lift at work, ____ increase your income by 40%.A. as well asB. so long asC. so much asD. as soon as15. He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It‘s just a matter of _____.A. luckB. valueC. timeD. fact16. I make $2,000 a week, 60 surely won‘t make ______ difference to me.A. that a bigB. a that bigC. big a thatD. that big a17. Scientists study ____ human brains work to make computers.A. whenB. howC. thatD. whether18. We are said to be living in ____ Information Age, ____ time of new discoveries and great changes.A. an; theB. 不填; theC. 不填; aD. the; a19. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said ―Ni Hao ‖ just as I ____ do inChina.A. mustB. mightC. canD. should20. It‘s surprising that your bro ther _____ Russian so quickly—he hasn‘t lived there very long.A. picked upB. looked upC. put upD. made up1-20 BDDAC BDCDB AACAC DBDBA2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）01.---Can I have a day off tomorrow, Mr. Johnson?---__________. I can manage without you.A.Forget itB. I‘m afraid notC. It dependsD. Of course02.The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn‘t read them until three later.A.were putB. was putC. putD. has put03.You were working too hard. You‘d better keep a ________between work and relaxation.A.promiseB. leadC. balanceD. diary04.The dog may be a good companion for the old. _______, the need to take it for walk s maybe a disadvantage.A.Besides.B. HoweverC. ThereforeD. Instead.05.---You have to believe in you rself. No one else will, if you don‘t.---__________. Confidence is really important.A.It‘s not my cup of teaB. That‘s not the pointC. I don‘t think soD. I couldn‘t agreemore06.Only after Mary read her composition the second time_________ the spelling mistake.A.did she noticeB. she noticedC. does she noticeD. she has noticed07.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without_______help I would never have got this far.A.whoB. whoseC. whomD. which08.It‘s quite warm here; we __________turn the heating on yet.A.coul dn‘tB. mustn‘tC. needn‘tD. wouldn‘t09.It doesn‘t matter _______you turn right or left at the crossing ---both roads lead to the park.A.whetherB. howC. ifD.when10.The secretary arranged a(n)___________time and space for the applicants to have aninterview.A. importantB. spareC. publicD. convenient11. He got up late and hurried to his office, _________the breakfast untouched.A. leftB. to leaveC. leavingD. having left12. The three of us___________around Europe for about a month last summer.A. travelledB. have travelledC. had travelledD. travel13. Parents and children should communicate more to ________the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.A.openB. narrowC. widenD. leave14. Everything was placed exactly ___________he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.A. whileB. whenC. whereD. though15. We wouldn‘t have called a taxi yesterday if Harold __________us a ride home.A. didn‘t offerB. wouldn‘t offerC. hasn‘t offeredD. hadn‘t offered01---05 DACBD 06---10 ABCAD 11---15 CABCD陕西卷11．An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ______________ it.A . against B. for C .to D. with12.The basketball coach, as well as his team , ______interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.A. wereB. wasC. isD. are13. No matter where he is, he makes _____a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.A. him B this C. that D. it14. It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.A. thatB. where C which D. what15.________ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .A. StandingB. To standC. StoodD. Stand16.—I‘m sorry for being late. I should have phoned yo u earlier.--_________. I‘ve just arrived.A. That‘s no troubleB. You are welcomeC. That‘s all rightD. You can never tell17. If may car ____more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A. wasB. had beenC. should beD. would be18. Hot _______the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.A. althoughB. asC. whileD. however19. He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system ______________.A. broke inB. broke upC. broke outD. broke down20. As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best.A whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever21.—The trip shouldn‘t take more than an hour.—_______.Tt is at least two hours.A. I guess soB. That‘s itC. You must be jokingD. It depeds22.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.A. meetsB. meetingC. meetD. to meet23.I______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.A. won‘tB. can‘tC. canD. will24.—Can I call you back at two o‘clock this afternoon?—I‘m sorry, but by then I______ to Beijing. How about five?A. flyB. will flyC. will be flyingD. am flying25. All the photographs in this book, _______ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.A. unlessB. untilC. onceD. if11.A B D C 15. A 16. C B B D B 21. C D B C A湖南卷21. We‘ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ______ to achieve the final success. A．being done B．do C．to be done D．to do22.Don‘t worry. The hard work that you do now _______ later in life.A．will be repaid B．was being repaid C．has been repaid D．was repaid23. Time, ____ correctly, is money in the bank.A．to use B．used C．using D．use24. Bicycling is good exercise；_____ it does not pollute the air.A．nevertheless B．besides C．otherwise D．therefore25. Close the door of fear behind you, and you _____ the door of faith open before you.A．saw B．have seen C．will see D．are seeing26. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn‘t matter ____ you have lived there for a short or long time.A．why B．how C．whether D．when27. ―The moment _____ soon,‖ h e thought to himself, waiting nervously.A．came B．has come C．was coming D．is coming28. ______ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.A．While B．If C．Once D．Until29. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for outing with you.A．have had B．had had C．have D．had30. It was not until I came here ____I realize this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.A．who B．that C．where D．before31. The lecture , ______ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A．starting B．being started C．to start D．to be started32. _____ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. A．However B．Whatever C．Whichever D．Whenever33. — I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?— Sorry, I ____ the piano for years.A．don‘t play B．wasn‘t playing C．haven‘t played D.hadn‘t played34. Care of the soul is a gradual process ____ even the small details of life shouldbe considered.A．what B. in what C．which D．in which35. All the scientific evidence _____ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _____ damaging our health.A．show；are B．shows; are C．show; is D．shows; is单选：21—25 CABBC 26—30 CDADB 31—35 AACDD2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（福建卷）21. —What are you going to do this weekend?一. If time permits, I may go to Shanghai with my friends.A. Don‘t mention itB. It doesn‘t matterC. Forget itD. It depends22. 一Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?—$4,000, or like that.A. anythingB. everythingC. somethingD. nothing23. The air quality in the city, ____is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. thatB. itC. asD. what24. 一When did the computer crash?一This morning, while I the reading materials downloaded from some websites.A. have sortedB. was sortingC. am sortingD. had sorted25. 一Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?一Well, you know, English is my . So it is my best choice.A. strengthB. talentC. abilityD.' skill26. China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals all its citizens.A. in charge ofB. for the purpose ofC. in honor ofD. for the benefit of27. Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver , should be ______respected?A. especiallyB. equallyC. naturally .D. normally28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.A. attackingB. having attackedC. being attackedD. having been attacked29. You had better_______ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.A. set asideB. take upC. put awayD. give out30.It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_________ gets more financial support from the European Union.A. ifB. unlessC. becauseD. since31.We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we________ more places of interest yesterday.A. visitedB. had visitedC. would visitD. would have visited32.一Can you lend mc the book Gone with the Wind?一Sorry. I returned it to the library just now. Maybe it is still_______.A. availableB. affordableC. acceptableD. valuable33.Nothing is so easy as parents raise their expectations of their children too high.A. ofB. toC. byD. forthat he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playingC. to realizeD. being realizedhave a photo taken with the movie star.C. whoeverD. whomever34. Pressed from his parents, and ______that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizingB. realizedC. to realizeD. being realized35. We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. whoB. whomC. whoeverD. whomever21-35 DCCBA DBCAB DADAC2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷）21.-John,when shall we meeet again,Thursday or Friday?-___________.I‘ll be off to london then.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None22.-kevin,you look worried.Anything wrong?-Well, I____a test and I‘m waiting for the result.A.will takeB.tookC.had takenD.take23.______to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.A.Having been askedB.To askC.Having askedD.To be asked24.Sam has been appointed _______ manager of the engineering department to take ____ p;ace of George.A./,/B.the,/ C the the D./, the25.-____you interrupt now? Can‘t you see I‘m on the phone?-Sorry Sir, but it‘s urgent.A.CanB.ShouldC.MustD.Would26.-The Modern Art Exhibition in the City Museum has been cancelled.-Oh,no!______.A.It‘s a pityB.Tt doesn‘t matterC.I knew it alreadyD.It‘s not interesting at all27.Food stupplies in the flood-stricken area______.We must act immediately before there‘s left.A.have run outB.are running outC.have been run outD.are being run out28.We‘re having a meeting in half an hour.The decision______at the meeting will inf the future of our company.A.to be madeB.being madeC.madeD.having been made29.Sales director is a position______commuincation ability is just as importane as salesA.whichB.thatC.whenD.where30.—Coach,can I continue with the training?A.unitilB.beforeC.to considerD.unless31.Before you quit your job, ______how your family would feel about your decision.A.considerB.consideringC.to considerD.considered32.It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic______Zheng sailed to East AfricaA.whenB.thatC.afterD.since33.The headmaster will not permit the change in the course,nor______it a thought.A.does he even givenB.he even givesC.whetherD.he will even given34.Evdence has been found through years of study______children‘s early slee ping problem likely to continue when they grow up.A.whyB.howC.whetherD.that35.—Look,here comes your dream girl. Invite her to dance.—______What if she refuses me?A.I don‘t knowB.Why me?C.With pleasureD.So what?21-35 BBADC ABADC ABCDA2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）21. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up meat processing factory of his own one day.A. / ；aB. / ；theC. the ; aD. the ; the22.——May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.——, thanks. I think I can manage.A. All rightB. No problemC. It‘all rightD. There‘s no way23. Interest is as to learing as the ability to understand ,even more so.A. vitalB. availableC. specificD. similar24. I remenbered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A. lockingB. to lockC. having lockedD. to have locked25. You can chang your job, you can move house,but friengdship is meant to be life.A. ofB. onC. toD. for26. In order to find the missing child , villagers all they can over the past five hours.A. didB. doC. had doneD. have been doing27.The limits of a person‘s intelligengce,generally speaking, are fixed at birth, buthe reaches these limits will depengd on his environment.A. whereB. whetherC. thatD. why28. The athlete‘s years of hard training when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.A. went onB. got throughC. paid of fD. ended up29. Ａlot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. asB. itC. whichD. this30. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.A. askingB. askedC. having askedD. to be asked31. Grace doesn‘t want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn‘t be able to see her parents very often.A. livesB. would liveC. having askedD. were live32. —I love the Internet. I‘ve come to know many friends on the Net.—. Few of them would become your real friends.A. That‘s for sureB. It‘s not the caseC. I couldn‘t agree moreD. I‘m pleased to know that33. Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.A. keepsB. keepC. have keptD. had kept34.Queen Elizabeth Ⅱis often to be richest woman in the world. , her personal wealth seems rather small.A. BesidesB. OtherwiseC. HoweverD. Altogether35. After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it .A. was decoratedB. had decoratedC. had been decoratingD. was being decorated21-35 ACABD DBCAB DBACD。
2012年1月
赏析版2012年1月经济学人文章（英汉双语对照）汇集Contents[2012.01.31]Libya bitten,Syria shy一朝被利比亚咬,十年怕叙利亚 (1)[2012.01.28]Ant tribes and mortgage slaves蚁族与房奴 (2)[2012.01.28]Who goes to the gallows?谁该上绞架？—公众关注吴英案 (4)[2012.01.28]Black,white and blood red黑色白色与血色 (5)[2012.01.25]Phew,the Oscars are still irrelevant奥斯卡奖还是不靠谱 (8)[2012.01.23]Gender&tennis:Coming up short女网的不足 (9)[2012.01.23]China's labour force中国的劳动力大军 (12)[2012.01.21]Not quite too late还不算太晚 (13)[2012.01.21]Guatemala's new president:Quick march新总统必须加快改革 (16)[2012.01.21]Party of two，二人成双 (18)[2012.01.19]The Nordic cure for a hangover治疗宿醉的北欧疗法 (21)[2012.01.16]IN SEARCH OF SERENDIPITY寻找偶遇 (22)[2012.01.07]The dangers of demonology妖魔化的风险 (28)[2012.01.07]A murder that changed Britain改变英国的凶杀案 (31)[2012.01.07]Dutchmen grounded搁浅的荷兰人 (34)[2012.01.07]New film:"The Iron Lady”新电影：《铁娘子》 (39)[2012.01.07]Chinese condoms:Reds in the bed床上的红色安全套 (40)[2012.01.05]A World of Mist照片散文－雾的世界 (42)[2012.01.02]Take five目标：攻克五种癌症 (47)[2012.01.31]Libya bitten,Syria shy一朝被利比亚咬,十年怕叙利亚Syria and the UN叙利亚和联合国Libya bitten,Syria shy一朝被利比亚咬，十年怕叙利亚Jan31st2012,20:59by R.L.G.|NEW YORKIN2005all the world's countries signed up,in theory,to a new norm called the"responsibility to protect".In short,the idea is that a government is sovereign because it protects its people.When it cannot do so—or worse,is the perpetrator of mass violence against its own—the responsibility to protect them may devolve to the international community.For a while,this norm was mostly airy, referred to when other countries or United Nations diplomats got involved to stop violence in its earliest phases.But some construe the"responsibility to protect"as a mandate for"liberal interventionism":the right of outside countries to step in militarily when abuses get serious enough.2005全世界所有的国家从理论上签订了一种新的国际规则，名曰“保护责任”。
SAT2012年1月真题解析
2.24
阅读
正 错 放 答 分析 确误弃案
第二空格and表并列，故空格和carried out同向，排除
A C D E，BC候选，句首Due to表明逗号前后是因果关
系，故选B.由于Benjamin Banneker的坚持，最近被遗
4.1
B 弃的华盛顿卓越的街道修建计划得到了恢复，并且被执
行和实施。 A 艺术，拒绝 B 坚持，恢复 C 悲观主
considering all available details 对第一个空格做 出了解释，CE候选，rather than 前后反义故选C，前 面是都包括，后面就是只选一个。 A 直截了当，相关 C B 犬儒的，牵连 C 全部包括的，选择 D 诽谤 歧视 E 全面的， 单调的
since表因果对空格作出解释，since后面说预见了技术 的进步，故选C， prescient表示预见。 A天真 B 固执 的 C 有预见性的 D 有影响的 E 清楚易懂的 C
LINE 1指的是生物机制无法像现代钟表那样准确稳定的 工作（work）。与work意义最相近的是A A 操作 B 胜 利 C 奋斗 D 生产，制作 E 影响 A
破折号前面说which turned out to have the most profound effect on all later time-measuring devices(结果是对于后来所有测量时间的仪器产生了最 C 深刻的影响）与if legend can be believed （如果传 奇是可以被相信的）形成对应，故选C A 提出了一个假 设 B 解释了一个断言、宣称 C 支持一个陈述 D 重申 一LI段NE历1史3 讲E的提是供即必使要长证距据离飞行如很跨太平洋或大西 洋，人类（的生物钟）也可以和当地的时间同步，故选 A A 人类可以适应周围环境的节奏 B 人类应该避免不 A 必要的远距离行程 C 对于大多数人，坐飞机很累 D 跨 太平洋飞行比跨大西洋飞行所用时间更长 E 不是所有 人都可以和当地时间同步