2018年自学考试《商务英语阅读》试题及答案
7月国际商务英语全国自学考试试题及答案解析试卷及答案解析
全国2018年7月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844Ⅰ.Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%）1.trade mark2.Gross Domestic Product3.national income4.escape clause5.capital marketmissionance credit8.arbitration9.transshipment10.documentary collectionⅡ.Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English（10%）11.承运人12.发盘（报盘）13.货号14.商业发票15.期权16.清算系统(制度)17.知识产权18.储备货币19.卖出价20.增值税Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right（10%）21.indemnity a. a person covered by an insurance policy22.ad valorem duties b. the amount paid by an insured for coverage under thecontract23.sight credit c. compensation for loss124.insured d. a credit by which payment can be made uponpresentation of the draft25.specialization e. the main body of a contract26.contract proper f. social or natural calamities that take place beyond thecontrol of a contracting party27.premium g. duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods28.force majeure h. to restrict one’s economic activities to certainparticular fields29.liberalization of trade i. those commodities not processed, or only slightlyprocessed, usually farm produce or raw materials30.primary commodities j. the act of government in lifting controls overimports and exportsⅣ.Make brief explanations of the following terms in English （10%）31.anti-dumping32.acquisition33.devaluation34.subrogate35.confirming bankⅤ.Answer the following questions in English （20%）36.What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as a means of entering a foreign market?37.What is Comparative Advantage?38.Describe briefly the characteristics of MNEs.39.What is the difference between D/P at sight and D/P after sight? Which is more favourable for the exporter?Ⅵ.Translate the following into Chinese（10%）40.In choosing a transportation mode for a particular product, shippers consider as many as six criteria: speed, frequency, dependability, capability, availability and cost. Thus if a shipper seeks speed, air and truck are the prime contenders. If the goal is low cost, then water and pipeline are the prime contenders. Shippers are increasingly combining two or more transportation modes, thanks to containerization. Containerization consists of putting the goods in boxes or trailers that2are easy to transfer between two transportation modes. Each coordinated mode of transportation offers specific advantages to the shipper.41.The practical advantages exist due to the peculiar environment within which counter trade usually takes place. They quite likely disappear when the environment changes—as is happening now in many countries. Restructuring and the development of markets may therefore mean that the environment within which counter trade usually takes place is changing so as to reduce its frequency. Reduced ownership restrictions are likely to shift the organizational forms toward joint ventures and wholly-owned enterprises which possess production facilities. Improved knowledge, experience, and legal enforcement of contractual obligations will likely mean increasing use of longer term and more sophisticated explicit transaction contracts.Ⅶ.Translate the following into English（30%）42.加入世界贸易组织对中国有益，因为它将促进中国的改革和发展，提高商品和服务的质量，降低商品成本和服务费用，刺激投资和创造就业机会，改善法制。
2018年04月自考英语二(文字版含答案解析)
2018年4月自考00015 英语（二）真题2018年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）第一部分：阅读判断（第1〜10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。
在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
Life on the FarmLife on a farm is always changing. New technologies and a rising interest in healthier and organic eating have had a huge impact on how farms do business. At the same time, a growing population has put more demands on farmers. They need to find ways to increase their production levels. The small family farms that used to produce most of the products have been largely replaced by factory farms. Small family farms that are still operating are struggling to keep up.Technology has made most aspects of farm life easier than it has ever been before. Bigger and more efficient equipment makes work such as plowing up fields and sowing the seeds easier. Such tasks used to take two or three times as long. These advances have allowed farmers to work faster and more efficiently than ever before. In addition to newer technology, factory farms produce more products for less money than traditional farming would require.Modern farm life，despite the introduction of new technologies, has not changed much from what it has always been. Farmers still wake up early, and spend their days doing hard work. There are still animals to feed，cows to be milked, and fields to be plowed. Farm life still requires a lot of hard work and sacrifice.The main change in modern farm life is in the way farms are run. It is common for even small farms to have several hired workers and even an animal manager. Family-run farms are becoming rarer. Factory farms, with other larger farm corporations, are becoming the norm. Although there are still many traditional family farms, they are quickly dying as modern practices change farmlife forever.1.Factory farms now produce most of the products.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given【答案】A【解析】题干大意：工厂农场现在生产大部分的产品。
2018年10月自考05844国际商务英语试题及答案含评分标准
2018年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
国际商务英语试卷
（课程代码05844）
本试卷共3页，满分l00分。
考试时间l50分钟。
考生答题注意事项：
1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸. 2．必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
3．合理安排答题空间。
超出答题区域无效.
11．仲裁
12．贸易惯例
13．托运人
14．并购
15．对销贸易
16．反倾销
17．货币流通
18．契约承运人
19. 关税配额
20. 发票
42．除了国际贸易和投资,国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。
43．经济全球化为世界经济发展提供了新的动力和机会,同时也使各经济体更加相互依赖、相互影响。
44．合同依法实施,未能履行合同义务的一方可能受到起诉,并被强制做出赔偿。
45．控制成本是一些企业进行对外投资的主要动机之一，而降低生产成本是考虑的一个重要方面。
46．信用证按其作用、形式和机制分作不同的种类。
2018年1月商务英语阅读试题和答案
2018年1月广东省高等教育自学考试商务英语阅读试题（课程代码 05439）I. Translate the following words or phrases into Chinese (10%)1. inflation2. turnover3. fringe benefit4. bearer bond5. consignment6. mutual fund7. brokerage 8. certificate of origin9. mortgage 10. counter offerⅡ. Translate the following words or phrases Into English (10%)11.经济衰退 12.股权证13.预付款 14.期末存货15.电汇 16.赔偿、偿还17.存款 18.配额、限额19.仲裁 20.风险资本Ⅲ. Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks (10%)21. The most major function of money is_________.A. a store of valueB. the unit of accountC. the medium of exchangeD. a standard of deferred payment22. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in economic loss?A. The destruction of one’s home in a fire.B. Loss of income owing to illness.C. Loss of property owing to theft.D. The destruction of one’s property in an accident.23. An insurance policy is_________.A. a government law on insuranceB. a written contract between the insurer and the insuredC. a piece of paper with the insurer’s signature on itD. a set of rules to regulate the insurance market24. Which of the following can NOT be a feature of a bond?A. It has a certain denomination.B. It has a prefixed interest rate.C. It involves high risk.D. It has a prefixed maturity date.25. _________is a small structure with one or more open sides that is used to vend merchandise (as newspapers) or services.A. Telephone boothB. KioskC. NewsstandD. Department store26. Marketers can communicate with large numbers of potential customers at the same timeby_________.A. personal sellingB. direct sellingC. mass sellingD. sending leaflets27. What is meant by“consideration” in a contract?A. An item of considerable value given to the other party.B. An item of value given to the other party.C. Money in exchange of goods.D. Careful thinking before signing a contract.28. To be a wise customer, we must evaluate__________ and choose to buy what is__________.A. the price; the cheapestB. the product quality; of top qualityC. the total product offer; of the best value to usD. the after-sale service; provided with the best after-sale service29. The following are the elements of marketing mix EXCEPT__________.A. priceB. placeC. point-of-saleD. promotion30. What is the major feature of a global marketing strategy?A. uniformityB. flexibilityC. localizationD. diversityIV. In this part, there are some reading passages followed by 15 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best one according to your understanding (30%)Passage 1Corporate CultureThe term corporate culture refers to an organization’s value system. Managerial philosophies, workplace practices, and organizational network are included in the concept of corporate culture. Tyson Food’s corporate culture is reflected in the fact that everyone-even CEO Don Tyson wears clothes of a yellowish brown color on the job.The leaders who developed the company and the corporate culture typically shape the corporate culture.One generation of employees passes on a corporate culture to newer employees. Sometimes this is part of formal training. New managers who attend McDonald’s Hamburger University may learn skills in management,but they also pick up the basics of the organization’s corporate culture. Employees can absorb corporate culture through informal contacts as well,by talking with other workers and through their experiences on the job.Corporate culture has a major impact on the success of an organization. In organizations with strong cultures,everyone knows and supports the organizations’objectives.In those with weak cultures, no clear sense of purpose exists. In fact, the authors of the classic book In Search of Excellenceconcluded the presence of a strong corporate culture was the single common thread among many diverse but highly successful companies such as General Electric and McDonald’s.As you can imagine,changing a company’s corporate culture can be very difficult.But some managers try to do just that when they feel the current culture is weak,or when the organization’s objectives change and the old culture no longer fits. Sometimes the competitive situation of a company changes. For instance, electric utilities, which once had their profits guaranteed by public regulation,now face more competition than ever.Firms that were comfortable competing against other American companies now find themselves fighting competitors from overseas, too.Management expert Peter Duckers feels that,rather than trying to change culture,managers should focus on changing employees and corporate practices, as follows.——Define what results are needed. Specify in measurable terms what the organization or department, or office) needs to achieve.——Determine where these results are already being achieved within the current organization. Analyze the departmentsthat are already effective and find out what they are doing differently from the rest.——Determine what top management can do to encourage these good results.Duckers suggests that executives openly ask what they can do to help, and then do it.——Change the reward system-or develop a new one-to recognize these effective practices. When employees realize that the organization really does reward the new approach,they will adoptit much more quickly.Whether one wants to change an organization culture or not,it is importantto choose managers and employees whose personal styles fit the organization’s goals.31. According to the passage, corporate culture _________.A. means the cultural atmosphere in a companyB. is established by top leaders and can’t be changedC. involves the core values of a companyD. has little influence on the performance of a company32. In McDonald’s Hamburger University, new managers _________.A. learn the company’s corporate culture at lengthB. are only interested in learning management skillsC. learn all the necessary skills and practices of the companyD. have chances to know about the company’s corporate culture33. If an organization has a strong corporate culture,_________.A. it can be sure of achieving great successB. it will be as successful as General Electric and McDonald’s pC. its staff tend to work for a common goalD. it may have a strong influence on the market34.One reason why some managers try to change a company’s corporate culture is that_________.A. the existing corporate culture is very strongB. they try to adapt the corporate culture to new situationsC. the company is facing a lot of competitionD. they are not so conservative as the old generation35. Which of the following is NOT advised by Peter Duckers?A. Evaluating different performances of various departments.B. Improving the communication among managers.C. Determine what is to be achieved by the organization.D. Improving the reward system so as to encourage new practices.Passage 2Early Developments in American EconomyEarly American industries depended largely on skilled artisans working in small shops tothserve a local market.But the Industrial Revolution that started in England during the18century did not take long to cross the Atlantic. It brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860. Because labor was scarce in the United States and wages were high, employers welcomed any new method that could reduce the requirement for labor.One key development was the introduction of the factory system,which gathered many workers together in one workplace and produced goods for distribution over a wide area.The first factoryin the United States is generally dated to 1793, when an Englishman named Samuel Slater came to America to build a cotton cloth factory. He built the machinery from memory, because it was a crime to carry factory plant out of England.The success of Slater’s factory started a processof change that turned the northeastern region of the United States into an important manufacturing center. The making of textiles also meant increased demand for cotton, grown in the southern region for the United States. As a result, the nation became a major cotton producer.Another important development was the“American system” of mass production, which originated in the firearms industry about 1800. The new system required precision engineering to create parts that were interchangeable. This, in return, allowed the final product to be assembled in stages, each worker specializing in a specific operation.Just as Slater’s new factory system was being introduced, an American named Eli Whitney made cotton production more efficient by inventing a machine-the cotton gin-that rapidly removedthe seeds from the boils of cotton. Removing the seeds by hand was a difficult task; Whitney’s machine made the job almost easy.Whitney also began manufacturing rifles in a new way.Guns had always been made by gun makers working in their homes or small shops. Because the guns were handmade individually, a part from one gun would not necessarily fit another gun.Whitney began making guns with machinery,so thatall the parts were the same in each gun. This method of manufacturing goods in a factory, with interchangeable parts, helped to advance American industry.In 1913, the automaker Henry Ford introduced the“moving assembly” line. This was a variation on the earlier practice of continuous assembly. By improving efficiency, it made possible a major saving in labor costs. A new breed of industrial managers began the careful study of factory operations with the aim of finding the most efficient ways of organizing tasks. Their concepts of“scientific management”helped to lower the costs of production still further. Lower costs made possible both higher wages for workers and lower prices for consumers. More and more Americans were gaining the ability to purchase products made in the United States. During the first half of the 20th century, mass production of consumer goods such as cars, refrigerators and kitchen ranges helped to revolutionize the ways in which Americans lived.36. In the first paragraph, the author intends to tell us that __________.A. early American industries mainly depended on new methodsB. early American industries mainly depended on people who did skilled work with their handsC. early American industries mainly depended on England industriesD. early American industries mainly depended on new changes37. The first factory in the United States was__________.A. built by an American engineer named Henry FordB. built by an American named Eli WhitneyC. built by an Englishman who built it from memoryD. built by an American who wanted to build a cotton cloth factory38. Another important development was concerning__________.A. the steam enginesB. the mass productionC. the mobile operationD. the textile industry39. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Henry Ford influenced American people’s life.B. Henry Ford influenced all manufacturing systems.C. Henry Ford influenced the manufacture of cars.D. Henry Ford influenced the system of business.40. According to the passage, we can draw the conclusions EXCEPT that __________.A. the production efficiency has greatly been improved by the“American System”B.many other machines such as refrigerators,washing machines and vacuum cleaners are producedon the assembly lineC. with the interchangeable parts, American industries advanced greatlyD. the industrial managers began the careful study of the operations with the aim of reducingthe methodsPassage 3Problems Potential Exporters Are FacingMany firms fail to succeed, because when they begin exporting they have not researched the target markets or developed an international marketing plum.To be successful,a firm must clearly define its goals,objectives and potential problems.Secondly,it must develop a definitive planto accomplish its objectives,regardless of the problems involved.Unless the firm is fortunate enough to possess a staff with considerable expertise, it may not be able to take this crucial first step without qualified outside guidance.Often top management is not committed enough to overcome the initial difficulties and financial requirements of exporting. It can often take more time and effort to establish a firm in a foreign market than in the domestic one. Although the early delays and costs involved in exporting may seem difficult to justify when compared to established domestic trade,the exporter should take a more objective view of this process and carefully monitor international marketing efforts through these early difficulties. If a good foundation is laid for export business, the benefits derived should eventually outweigh the investment.Another problem area is in the selection of the foreign distributor. The complications involved in overseas communications and transportation require international distributors to act with greater independence than their domestic counterparts. Also, since a new exporter’s trademarks and reputation are usually unknown in the foreign market, foreign customers may buy on the strength of the distributing agent’s reputation. A firm should therefore conduct a thorough evaluation of the distributor’s facilities, the personnel handling its account, and the management methods employed.Another common difficulty for the new exporter is the neglect of the export market once the domestic one booms,too many companies only concentrate on exporting when there is a recession. Others may refuse to modify products to meet the regulations or cultural preferences of other countries. Local safety regulations cannot be ignored by exporters. If necessary modifications are not made at the factory,the distributor must make them,usually at a greater cost and probablynot as satisfactorily. It should also be noted that the resulting smaller profit margin makes the account less attractive.If exporters expect distributing agents to actively promote their accounts, they must be trained,and their performance continually monitored.This requires a company marketing executiveto be located permanently in the distributor’s geographical region. It is therefore advisable for new exporters to concentrate their efforts in a few geographical areas until there is sufficient business to support a company representative.The distributor should also be treatedon an equal basis with domestic counterparts. For example, special discount offers, sales incentive program and special credit terms should be available.Considering a joint-venture or licensing agreement is another option for new exporters. However, many companies still dismiss international marketing as unviable. There are a number of reasons for this.There may be import restrictions in the target market,the company may lack sufficient financial resources, or its product line may be too limited. Yet, many products that can compete on a national basis can be successful in the majority of world markets. In general, all that is needed for success is flexibility in using the proper combinations of marketing techniques.41.In the first paragraph,the writer suggests that firms thinking about exporting should______.A. get professional adviceB. study international marketingC. identify the most profitable marketsD. have different objectives to other exporters42. The writer believes that if sufficient preparation is undertaken ______.A. initial difficulties can be easily avoidedB. the costs can be recovered quite quicklyC. management will become more committedD. the exporter will be successful in the long term43. An exporter should choose a distributor who ______.A. has experienced personnelB. has good communication skillsC. is well-established in the target marketD. is not financially dependent on the import business44. New exporters often make the mistake of ignoring the export market when ______.A. distribution costs are too highB. their product is selling well at homeC. there is a global economic recessionD. distributors cannot make safety modifications45. For a distributor to be successful, the exporter must______.A. focus on one particular regionB. finance local advertising campaignsC. give the same support as to domestic agentsD. make sure there are sufficient marketing staff locallyV. Read the following passages and finish the exercises of each one (40%)Passage 4Human-resource ManagementIf sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast,in Japan the head of human-resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces,in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focusedon the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result,problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive.If American workers,for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States.More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed.The result is lower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the p opulation affect the wagesof the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated,the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.A. Mark the following statements true (T) or false (F) according to the passage (10%)46. The management of human resources in American companies sees the gaining of skills as theiremployees’ own business.47.The head of human-resource management in an American firm is directly under the chief financialexecutives in the firms.48.The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to workers who lack basic backgroundskills.49.According to the passages,the decisive factor in maintaining a firm’s competitive advantageis the rational composition of professional and managerial employees.50.According to the passage,the human-resource management strategies of American firms affecttheir competitive capacity.Passage 5Introduction to CompaniesThe General Nature of Companies(56) A company is a form of business organization which is owned by all those who investin it.These investors are known as shareholders as they own or“hold”a share of the company. The size of their share of the company will depend upon the amount of money they have invested in it.The total investment by all of the shareholders is known as the share capital of the company. Thus, unlike a sole trader, where one person owns the business, or a partnership, where a small number of people own a business,a company may be owned by several hundred or even several thousand shareholders.Obviously, all of these people cannot be involved in running the company. Instead, the shareholders appoint directors to run the company on their behalf,if the directors run the company efficiently and make a profit, the shareholders will receive a dividend each year as a return on their investment.Characteristics of CompaniesThe characteristics of companies differ in several respects from both sole traders and partnerships. The following are among the more important differences.Separate Legal Entity(57)A unique feature of a company is that,no matter how many individuals have bought sharesin it, it is treated in its dealings with the outside world as if it was a person in its own right. It is said to be a separate legal entity. Just as the law can create this separate legal person,so also can it eliminate it,but its existence can only be terminated by using the proper legal procedures.Thus, the identity of the shareholders in a large concern may be changing daily as shares are bought and sold by different people. On the other hand, a small private company may have the same shareholders from the date it is incorporated (the day it legally came into being), until the date when liquidation is completed (the cessation of the company, often known alsoas“winding up” or being“wound up”). A prime example of its identity as a separate legal entity is that it may sue its own shareholders, or in turn be sued by them.Limited LiabilityMost companies are“limited” companies. This means that any shareholder who has paidfor the share (s) which he has bought cannot be forced to pay more money into the company if, for example, it is making losses or has gone into liquidation. (58) Thus, the maximum amountof money any shareholder can lose by investing in a company is the amount he has invested.Unlikein sole traders or partnerships a shareholder in a limited company cannot be forced to sell his house, car, etc. to pay the debts of the business.If a shareholder has not paid in full for the shares he has agreed to buy,he can be forcedto pay the balance owing on the shares. Once he has paid that amount he cannot be forced to pay any further amount. Thus, his liability is limited to the amount he has agreed to pay but has not yet paid.This is known as limited liability and the company is known as a limited company. It is important to note that it is the liability of the shareholders that is limited not the liabilityof the company.(59)Companies can incur debts well beyond what they are able to pay and therefore their liabilities can exceed their assets.companies, in which There are, as will be seen later, some companies, known as unlimitedthe liability of the shareholders is not limited. Limited liability and the ability to raise large amounts of finance are the principal reasons why limited companies are the most common form of business organization.Public Companies and Private CompaniesBroadly speaking, there are two classes of company, the public company and the private company. Public companies are also known as PLCs, that is, public limited companies.A private company may not have less than two,or more than fifty,shareholders(excluding employees and ex-employees)and may not offer its shares to the general public.Once some someone has purchased shares in a private company the right to transfer those shares to someone elseis severely restricted.A PLC is a company which fulfils the following conditions:.It must be able to issue share capital of at least 30, 000;. It must have at least seven shareholders. There is no maximum;. Its name must end with the words“public limited company” the abbreviation“plc”.A private company is usually, but not always, smaller than a public company.The shares that are dealt in on the Stock Exchange are all of public limited companies. This does not mean that all public companies’ shares are traded on the Stock Exchange, as, for various reasons, some public companies have either chosen not to, or not been allowed to, havetheir share traded there. The ones that are traded in are known as quoted companies or listed companies meaning that the price of shares in them is quoted (or listed) by the Stock Exchange. Quoted companies have to comply with Stock Exchange rules and regulations.Share Capital and DividendsA shareholder in a limited company obtains his reward for investing in the form of a shareof the profits, known as a dividend. (60) The directors decide how much of the profits is tobe retained in the company and used for expansion. Out of the profits remaining they propose the payment of a certain amount of dividend. The shareholders cannot propose a dividend for themselves higher than that already proposed by the directors. They can, however, propose that a lesser dividend should be paid, although this action is very rare. If the directors propose that no dividend be paid, then the shareholders are powerless to alter the decision.The decision by the directors as to the amount proposed as dividends is a very complex one.Such matters as the effect of taxation,the availability of bank balances to pay the dividends, the possibility of take-over bids and so on will all be taken into account.Dividends are usually expressed as a percentage of the share capital. A dividend of 10%in Company A on 500, 000 Common Shares of£ 1 each will amount to£ 50, 000, or a dividend of 6% in Company B on 200, 000 Common Shares of£ 2 each will amount to£24, 000. A shareholder having 100 shares in each firm would receive£10 from Company A and£12 from Company B.B. Choose the best answer for the following questions (10%)51. A most significant difference between a public company and a small private company lies in that ________.A. a public company has more shareholders than a private companyB.the shareholders of a public company can secure a dividend each year whereas the shareholdersof a private company does notC.the identity of the shareholders of a public company may be changing daily whereas the identityof the shareholders of a private company almost remains the sameD. a public company is treated as a separate legal entity whereas a private company is not52. Which of the following statements is true?A. Unlike a sole trader or partnership a shareholder in an unlimited company can forced to sellhis house or car to pay the debts of the business.B. Like a sole trader or partnership a shareholder in a limited company also faces the risk ofbeing forced to sell his house or car to pay the debts of the business.C. The liabilities of a limited company cannot exceed its assets.D. The liability of a shareholder of a limited company is limited to what he has invested init.53. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The number of a private company’s shareholders may not exceed fifty.B. A PLC must have at least seven shareholders.C. A PLC is always larger than a private company.D. Listed companies are those whose shares are traded on Stock Exchange.54. The shareholders of a PLC have the right to do all of the following EXCEPT___________.A. attend general meetings of the companyB. vote for directors at a general meeting of the companyC. propose a dividend for themselves higher than that already proposed by the boardD. propose a dividend less than that already proposed by the board55. When the directors decide the amount proposed as dividends, they have to take into consideration all the following EXCEPT __________.A. the effect of taxationB. whether they have enough money on the account to pay the dividendsC. the number of the company’s shareholdersD.whether they have enough reserves possibly to be used to take over some other company throughStock ExchangeC. Translate the underlined sentences into Chinese (56) (57) (58) (59) (60) (10%)D. Answer the following questions according to your understanding of the passage (10%)61. What are the major differences among companies, sole traders and partnerships according tothe passage?62. Why do most companies nowadays adopt the form of limited companies?。
1月全国电子商务英语自考试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试电子商务英语试题课程代码：00888一、请根据给出的汉语词义写出对应的英语词。
该词的首字母已给出(每小题0.5分，共10分)1三、根据英语句子的意思，请用括号内词的适当形式填空(每小题1分，共10分)1.Her job was to take care of the ______(wound) soldier.2.Her latest film has ______(generate) a lot of interest.3.I am afraid the blistering heat is not ______(sustain) to me.4.I had the ______(distinctly) impression that I was being watched.5.I thought you ______(handle) that little incident most professionally.6.In a poor country, owning a bicycle is a sign of ______(compare) wealth.7.Institutions financing the project while going through the business plan will be very ______(interest) in knowing how the company is going to beat the competition.8.It is difficult to estimate the exact cost due to so many ______(variable).9.It is important to ensure the ______(enforceable) of e-business transactions wherever and whenever disputes arise.10.It is reasonable to predict that a new strategy ______(require) to deal with the changing market.四、根据英语句子的意思，从每一句下面的A，B，C，D中选择正确的语言搭配(每小题1分，共20分)1. Prior ______ his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter.A. toB. ofC. inD. from2. The children ______ against each other to win yearly scholarship.A. contestB. fightC. rivalD. enhance3. When I last saw Mary she ______ to her next class on the other side of the campus and did not have time to talk.A. hurriedB. was hurryingC. had hurriedD. has hurried4. Next time I ______ there, I’ll ask them about it.A. will goB. have goneC. am goingD. go5. The young madam was ______ to discover that she was being watched.A. disconcertedB. disappointedC. dishonoredD. dissatisfying26. We ______ the shops and the post office as soon as we moved into the town.A. determinedB. locatedC. specifiedD. settled7. People just ______ their rubbish over the wall.A. rolledB. swayedC. shapedD. threw8. Having the highest marks in his class,______.A. the college offered him a scholarship.B. he was offered a scholarship by the college.C. a scholarship was offered him by the collegeD. a college scholarship was offered to him.9. Why do you object to ______ the direction?A. followingB. followC. have followedD. have been followed10. They ______ the game because of rain.A. desertedB. abandonedC. leftD. departed11. In the 19th century industry ______ towards the north of England.A. tendedB. gravitatedC. intendedD. inclined12. ______ some of the suggestions prove of value to you as well.A. CouldB. CanC. MightD. May13. Before we commence again, let me give you a word or two of advice,_____?A. shall IB. don’t IC. will youD. won’t you14. I wish to talk with you in private,______?A. do IB. shall IC. can ID. may I15. People will not believe a person who always ______.A. magnifiesB. enlargesC. broadensD. exaggerates16. The reserch project has only been under way for three months,so it’s too early to ______ itssuccess.A. figureB. considerC. rateD. evaluate17. If the United States had not entered the Second World War, probably the 1940 unemploymentrate of 14% ______ still further.A. would riseB. roseC. would have risenD. had risen18. We wouldn’t lose courage even if we ______ again.A. were to failB. would fail3C. failD. have failed19. John wants to see me today, but I would rather he ______ tomorrow than today.A. cameB. had comeC. would comeD. sould come20. After his troubles, he’s now in ______ comfort.A. relativeB. constantC. relevantD. fair五、完形填空(共20分)Ⅰ.从所提供的四个选项中选择一个最佳答案填空。
浙江1月自考电子商务英语试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试电子商务英语试题课程代码：00888一、根据给出的汉语词义写出对应的英语词。
该词的首字母已给出。
(每小题0. 5分，共10分)1. 不合；分歧n. c______2. 可用的adj. a______3. 估计v. e______4. 使散乱；零乱v. c______5. 采访；访问v. i______6. 限制v. r______7. 保护；防护v. p______8. 信心n. c______9. 复杂n. c______10. 尝试；努力v. a______11. 总结；概要n. s______12. 战略n. s______13. 持续的adj. c______14. 政权n. r______15. 洞察力n. i______16. 要素n. e______17. 贸易；商业n. c______18. 重建；重组v. r______19. 倾向n. t______20. 哲学，思想体系n. p______二、请写出下列英语单词或术语的汉语意义(每小题0. 5分，共10分)1. maverick purchasing ______2. overhead ______3. out of business ______4. online venture ______5. online and offline ______6. off-contract buying ______7. net loss ______8. natural language processor ______19. multi-media ______10. profit/loss statement ______11. purchase attempts ______12. purchase cycle ______13. prototype ______14. return on investment ______15. product description ______16. information privacy ______17. information retrieval ______18. interactive TV ______19. liability risk ______20. market segmentation ______三、根据英语句子的意思，请用括号内词的适当形式填空(每空1分，共10分)1. She is said to be one of the most ______(distinguish) novelists in 1960s.2. Signing this form commits you to ______(buy) the goods.3. So anybody who is going into this from a technology perspective purely ______(doom) tofailure.4. Success in e-business can evaporate even more quickly than it ______(achieve).5. Technological changes will ______(evitable) lead to unemployment.6. That rule has no ______ (apply) to this particular case.7. The brain needs a ______(continue) supply of blood.8. The heart attack could ______(relate) to his car crash last year.9. The irrigation project has not been ______(authorize) yet by the committee.10. The librarian spent a lot of time ______(classify) books.四、根据英语句意，从每一句下面的A，B，C，D中选择正确的语言搭配。
全国10月高等教育自学考试电子商务英语试题及答案解析
全国2018年10月高等教育自学考试电子商务英语试题课程代码：00888第一部分选择题(共50分)(一)词汇和语法(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)根据句子的意思选择一个正确的答案。
将答案选项前字母写在答题纸上。
1.Our soldiers ______ every inch of ground.A. quarreledB. arguedC. debatedD. disputed2.She could only see the ______ of the trees.A. outlineB. generalC. edgeD. outlook3.He dreams to ______ his goal of serving in the army.A. pertainB. attainC. retainD. maintain4.A ______ component of any democracy is a free labour movement.A. vitalB. visualC. soleD. single5.They have ______ themselves as dedicated social workers.A. distinguishedB. seenC. definedD. differed6.It has been ______ for him by his family to marry a girl of his own class.A. arrangedB. organizedC. settledD. adapted7.______ some of the suggestions prove of value to you as well.A. CouldB. CanC. MightD. May8.After his troubles, he's now in ______ comfort.A. relativeB. constantC. relevantD. fair9.You should sign a contract to make your job situation ______.A. normalB. commonC. regularD. usual10.The pool of water on the playground ______ in the sun.A. evaporatedB. disappearedC. vanishedD. faded11.For ______ interested in nature, the club offers hikes and overnight camping each week duringthe summer.A. whoB. whomC. thoseD. them12.She played ______ in the orchestra.A. a violinB. violinC. violinsD. the violin13.He speaks English, but not ______ his sister does.A. as good asB. so good asC. so well likeD. as well as14.His wife, to whom he ______ for thirty years, was childless.A. has marriedB. has been marriedC. had marriedD. had been married15.This is the building that ______ last summer.A. was completeB. was completedC. had been completedD. completed16.However hard I tried, I could not possibly get the car ______.A. goingB. goC. goneD. to be going17.You have never met each other before,______?A. have youB. haven't youC. do youD. don't you18.It has been decided that the meeting ______ till next Saturday.A. must be postponedB. should be postponedC. will be postponedD. would be postponed19.Everything goes as before,______?A. does itB. did itC. doesn't itD. didn't it20.Perhaps it will be a long time ______ from abroad.A. when Tom comes backB. when Tom will come backC. that Tom comes backD. before Tom comes back(二)完形填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)从选择项中选择一个最适合短文的选项。
商务英语阅读考试题及答案
商务英语阅读考试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分，每题10分）阅读下列商务英语短文，然后根据短文内容回答后面的问题。
短文一：In the rapidly evolving business world, effective communication is crucial for success. Companies are increasingly relying on cross-cultural communication to expand their global reach. The ability to understand and adapt to different cultural nuances is a key skill for international business professionals.1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. Why is effective communication important in the business world?3. What does the passage suggest about the role of cross-cultural communication in business?短文二：The rise of e-commerce has transformed the way businesses operate. Online platforms have made it possible for small businesses to compete with larger companies by reaching a wider customer base. Social media marketing and search engine optimization are two strategies that have become essentialfor businesses to increase their online visibility.1. What is the main topic discussed in this passage?2. How has e-commerce changed the business landscape?3. What are two strategies mentioned in the passage that are important for businesses to increase their online visibility?短文三：Sustainability is becoming a significant factor in business decisions. Companies are recognizing the importance of reducing their environmental footprint and adoptingsustainable practices. This includes the use of renewable energy, waste reduction, and responsible sourcing of materials. Consumers are also becoming more aware and are demanding products that align with their values.1. What is the main focus of the passage?2. Why are companies adopting sustainable practices?3. What are some of the sustainable practices mentioned inthe passage?二、词汇理解（共20分，每题5分）根据短文内容，选择最合适的词汇填空。
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2018年自学考试《商务英语阅读》试题及答案Baidu plans to launch a service offering free legal music downloads this month, a step set to raise hopes among music labels that China is starting to crack down(严厉镇压) further on copyright infringements(违反侵害).中国最大的在线搜索引擎百度(Baidu)计划在本月启动一项合法的免费音乐下载服务，这一举动将使各音乐厂牌燃起对中国进一步打击侵犯版权行为的希望。
China’s largest online search engine has started testing Baidu Ting, the new service, among a limited number of users before opening it to all later this month, the company said.百度透露，该公司已经开始在数量有限的用户当中测试新服务百度ting!，并将在本月晚些时候向所有用户开放。
The move comes amid(在…之中) a crackdown on violations [ˌvaiəˈleiʃən] (侵害)of intellectual property rights(知识产权) which the government started last October and which has led to the shutdown of many websites that offer pirated ['paiərit] (盗版,剽窃)music and films via streaming and downloads.百度采取这一动作之前，中国政府曾从去年10月开始打击侵犯知识产权的行为，导致许多提供盗版音乐和电影的流媒体播放和下载的网站被关闭。
The US government, in its annual report on intellectual property rights protection worldwide, kept China on its special watchlist(监控人员名单)but expressed cautious optimism over the country’s recentmeasures. Beijing’s special campaign against piracy ['paiərəsi] might lead to “lasting improvements”in IPR protection, the report said. Last month, the US Trade Representative had included Baidu on a list of “notorious[nəu'tɔ:riəs] (adj.臭名昭著的)markets”for pirated goods.美国政府在其发布的全球知识产权保护年度报告里，将中国保留在特别观察名单中，但对中国最近采取的措施表达了审慎的乐观。
该报告称，北京打击盗版的专项整治运动，或许能导致知识产权保护方面的“持续改善”。
上个月，美国贸易代表(US Trade Representative)曾把百度列入盗版产品的“恶名市场”(notorious market)名单。
Many foreign rights holders continue to doubt Beijing’s resolve in the long term. But they see the move by Baidu, which holds a virtual stranglehold(压制自由) over China’s online search market since Google partly retreated last year, as an encouraging sign [sain].许多外国权利人仍然怀疑北京的决心能否长期持续。
不过他们认为百度的举动是一个鼓舞人心的迹象，自从谷歌(Google)去年部分撤出中国市场以后，百度几乎完全控制了中国的在线搜索市场。
“When Baidu starts to move it means that things might really be changing,”said a foreign entertainment industry executive who declined(下降、拒绝)to be named.一位不愿署名的外国娱乐产业高管说：“如果百度开始采取行动，那就意味着事情可能真的在变化。
”Baidu continues to operate Baidu MP3, a site that helps internet users find, stream and download unlicensed music for free. The companyrefused to comment on when Ting would completely replace that service, but executives have said they are planning to gradually change the model.百度仍在继续经营百度MP3，该网站帮助互联网用户免费查找、流媒体播放并下载未经授权的音乐。
该公司拒绝评论百度ting!何时会彻底取代百度MP3服务，但高管已表示他们计划逐步改变模式。
Barrick Gold, the world’s biggest gold producer, has made an agreed C$7.3bn ($7.6bn) offer for Equinox ['i:kwinɔks] Minerals, the Australian-Canadian copper miner that has been the target of a hostile bid from China’s Minmetals Resources.全球最大黄金生产商巴里克黄金公司(Barrick Gold)，已与澳加铜矿商Equinox Minerals达成73亿加元(合76亿美元)的收购协议。
此前，中国五矿资源也试图敌意收购Equinox Minerals。
The bid is another sign of the scramble (争夺)for raw materials(原材料)and signals an expansion of Barrick’s ambitions in the global mining industry.这一出价再次彰显出各方对原材料的争夺，并表明巴里克在全球采矿业的扩张雄心。
The Toronto-based [tə'rɔntəu] Barrick has offered C$8.15 a share for Equinox, compared with Minmetals’C$7 per share offer. Craig Williams, Equinox’s chief executive, said Barrick’s offer “is superior [su:'piəriə] to the public proposal made by Minmetals in terms of (在…方面而言)certainty and value”.总部位于多伦多的巴里克对Equinox的报价为每股8.15加元，高于五矿每股7加元的报价。
Equinox首席执行官克雷格•威廉姆斯(Craig Williams)表示，巴里克的报价“在确定性和数额方面都优于五矿的公开报价”。
Minmetals declined to comment on Monday. It ranks among China’s largest metals traders and has so far been one of the bolder Chinese miners in terms of overseas deals.五矿周一拒绝置评。
该公司是中国最大的金属交易商之一，也是迄今在海外交易方面较大胆的中国矿商之一。
However, Peter Munk, Barrick’s chairman, told the Financial Times that Minmetals has a “much better chance to expand their access to minerals by co-operating with companies like us”. He added: “Having an auction is not in the interests of anybody.”不过，巴里克董事长彼得•蒙克(Peter Munk)告诉英国《金融时报》，五矿“通过与我们这样的企业合作来扩大对矿产的获取，成功机会要大得多”。
他补充道：“进行拍卖不符合任何人的利益。
”Barrick’s shares fell more than 5 per cent in morning trading on Monday to C$50.27 on fears that it is paying too much.周一早盘，由于投资者担心出价过高，巴里克股价下跌逾5%，至50.27加元。
However, Mr Munk dismissed(不再考虑;解雇)such concerns, noting that the acquisition of Equinox would immediately contribute to Barrick’s earnings. Mr Munk said: “With copper, you’re opening up(开辟) a whole new door where you can provide really meaningful growth while retaining your exposure [iks'pəuʒə] to gold.”不过，蒙克对这些担忧不以为然。