2016新课标创新英语 人教版 必修二 Unit 3 Section 3

[语法初识]原句感知自主探究[语法剖析]现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性的动作，动作已完成并强调对现在造成的影响或结果，主语和谓语之间为被动关系。

The door has already been locked.门早已经被锁上了。

I have been employed at the job since 2015.自从2015年，我就做这份工作。

2．基本构成现在完成时的被动语态的结构为has/have been done。

A lot of money has been spent to protect the old temple by now.到目前为止已投入了大笔钱来保护这座古庙。

These trees have been watered lately.那些树最近已浇水。

3．现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式最近一股强冷空气横扫中国北方。

The children have not been told the good news yet.孩子们还没有被告知这个好消息。

Has the date for the next meeting been decided?下次会议的日期已决定了吗？How longhas the house been built?这座房子建了多久了？[点津](1)句子主语若为第三人称单数时，助动词要用has。

(2)用于现在完成时的时间状语有：since then, since＋从句，so far, by now, up to now, recently, lately, already, yet, in the last/past＋一段时间等。

(3)ever, never, already, yet等副词用于现在完成时的被动语态时，放在has或have之后。

即时演练11－1.句型转换①The plan has been studied by the experts three times.→Hastheplanbeen studied by the experts three times？(一般疑问句)→Howmanytimes has the plan been studied by the experts? (就three times提问)1－2.完成句子②His novel has_not_been_published．他的小说还没有出版。

③I have_been_told the sports meet will be put off.我已被告知运动会将要被推迟。

The machine has been repaired.(说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，“现在修好了”) The machine is being repaired now.(说明动作正在被进行)The machine was repaired yesterday.(只说明动作发生在过去)2．非延续性动词，如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。

若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态，例如：工程已开始三个月了。

The project has been started for three months.(F)The project has been on for three months. (T)3．现在完成时的主动语态变被动语态(1)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

Tom has sold out all the magazines.→All the magazines have been sold out by Tom.(2)带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。

We have given him the book.→He has been given the book.→The book has been given to him.(3)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。

After decorating the Amber Room with jewels, the artists have made it more splendid.→After being decorated with jewels, the Amber Room has been made more splendid.[点津]带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，若宾语补足语为省略to的不定式充当时，在被动语态中需将省掉的to加上。

The boss has made his company offer more chances for people to work.→His company has been made to offer more chances for people to work.(4)动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。

It's said that the problem has been lookedinto.据说已经调查了这个问题。

[点津]现在完成时的被动语态的选择技巧(1)分析句式结构，明确句子所要表达的意义。

(2)明确句中时间的参考点，确定所需时态。

(3)明确谓语动词与其主语之间应为主动关系还是被动关系，并明确动作是否能延续。

(4)确定正确的时态及语态。

即时演练22－1.判断正误①How long has this book been bought？(F)②How long ago was this book bought？(T)③Those old homeless men have been well looked.(F)④Those old homeless men have been well looked after.(T)2－2.将下列句子变为被动语态⑤I have made her work hard.→She has_been_made_to_work hard.⑥His mother has bought him a computer.→He has_been_bought a computer by his mother.→A computer has_been_bought_for him by his mother.[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(2015·天津高考)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has_been_reached(reach) so far by the two sides.2．(2015·重庆高考)In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has_been_cut (cut)．3．(2014·天津高考)We won't start the work until all the preparations have_been_made (make)．4．(2013·北京高考)Shakespeare's play Hamlet has_been_made(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.5．(天津高考)In the last few years thousands of films have_been_produced (produce) all over the world.6．(福建高考)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shen-zhen for the money making jobs they have_been_promised (promise) before leaving their hometowns.[针对演练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．They have_sold(sell) ten apartments in the past one hour.2．He was_bought(buy) a knife when she visited Xinjiang.3．He has already been_asked(ask) to help you.4．The company has_made(make) its workers work hard recently.5．A notice has already been_put_up(put up) on the wall.6．Since we realized that we should study hard, our time has_been_made(make) full use of.7．These streets haven't_been_swept(not sweep) for two days.8．How long has_the book_been_kept(keep)?9．How long ago was the picture taken (take)?10．These goods haven't_been_shipped(not ship) abroad yet.Ⅱ.完成句子1．From what has_been_discussed(已讨论过的) above, we can draw the conclusion that parents are our best teachers.2．Fortunately, a lot of measures have_been_taken(已被采取了) to deal with the problem.3．Two suggestions have_been_provided(已被提供) by our classmates.4．People's health has_been_greatly_affected (受到了很大的影响) by air, noise and water.5．In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has_not_been_completely_realized(没有被完全认识到)．Ⅲ.短文改错The day before Easter, I gave my children money instead of Easter baskets. Later that evening we all sat watch TV when a piece of news appeared about starving child. I couldn't help being moved while my children said, “Mom, can we give our Easter baskets to them？” I told them I agreed and God was going to bless them for this. Then I wrote a cheque and sent it off in the mail.I wanted to get them Easter baskets by their kind act, but I didn't have any more money. To my surprising, a couple of ladies we used to attending came over with a box on Easter morning. Tears start streaming down with gratitude, for it contained Easter baskets for my some children.答案：第二句：watch→watching; child→children第三句：while→when; baskets→money第四句：God前加that第六句：by→for第七句：surprising→surprise; attending→attend第八句：start→started; 去掉some。