语言学选择题练习

语言学选择题练习Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:1. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ___D___.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme2. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound ____D______.A. is the sum total of the meaning of its componentsB. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemesC. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase.D. None of the above.3. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of____B___.A. the first elementB. the second elementC. either the first or the second elementD. both the first and the second elements4. ___B____ are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, eitherfree or bound, to form a word.A. Free morphemesB. Bound morphemesC. Bound wordsD. Words5. ___C______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which wordsare formed.A. SyntaxB. GrammarC. MorphologyD. Morpheme6. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is ___C____.A. lexicalB. morphemicC. grammaticalD. semantic7. Bound morphemes are those that ___D________.A. have to be used independentlyB. can not be combined with other morphemesC. can either be free or boundD. have to be combined with other morphemes8. ___A____ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.A. PrefixesB. SuffixesC. RootsD. Affixes9. ____B_____ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists.A. WordsB. MorphemesC. PhonemesD. Sentences10. “-s” in the word “books” is __C_____.A. a derivative affixB. a stemC. an inflectional affixD. a root11 Of all the speech organs, the ___C____ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords12. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are __A_ sounds.A. voicelessB. voicedC. vowelD. consonantal13. ____B______ is a voiced alveolar stop.A. /z/B. /d/C. /k/D. /b/14. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying”a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones _____D_______.A. identicalB. sameC. exactly alikeD. similar15.Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, theyare said to be ____A_______.A. in phonemic contrastB. in complementary distributionC. the allophonesD. minimal pair16. The sound /f/ is ____D_____________.A. voiced palatal affricateB. voiced alveolar stopC. voiceless velar fricativeD. voiceless labiodental fricative17. A __C__ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.A. backB. centralC. frontD. middle18. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemicfeatures that occur above the level of the segments are called ____C___.A. phonetic componentsB. immediate constituentsC. suprasegmental featuresD. semantic features19. A(n) ______D_____ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phoneticfeatures.A. phoneB. soundC. allophoneD. Phoneme20.The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the __D__ ofthat phoneme.A. phonesB. soundsC. phonemesD. allophones21. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be ____C___.A. prescriptiveB. analyticC. descriptiveD. linguistic22. Modern linguistics regards the written language as ___C____.A. primaryB. correctC. secondaryD. stable23. A historical study of language is a __B_____ study of language.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. prescriptiveD. comparative24. According to F. de Saussure, ___C____ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. paroleB. performanceC. langueD. Language25. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called ___A____,A. displacementB. dualityC. flexibilityD. cultural transmission26. Of all the speech organs, the __C_____ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords27. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are __A__ sounds.A. voicelessB. voicedC. vowelD. consonantal28. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ____A_______.A. in phonemic contrastB. in complementary distributionC. the allophonesD. minimal pair29. A __C__ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.A. backB. centralC. frontD. middle30. A(n) ____D_______ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phoneticfeatures.A. phoneB. soundC. allophoneD. phoneme31. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ___D___.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme32. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of acompound ___D_______.A. is the sum total of the meaning of its componentsB. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemesC. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase.D. None of the above.33. ____C_____ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by whichwords are formed.A. SyntaxB. GrammarC. MorphologyD. Morpheme34. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is ____C___.A. lexicalB. morphemicC. grammaticalD. semantic35. ___A____ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.A. PrefixesB. SuffixesC. RootsD. Affixes36. A sentence is considered __D__ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of nativespeakers.A. rightB. wrongC. grammaticalD. ungrammatical37. Phrase structure rules have __A__ properties.A. recursiveB. grammaticalC. socialD. functional38. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand ______D_______.A. how words and phrases form sentences.B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of wordsC. how people produce and recognize possible sentencesD. All of the above.39. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ___A_____.A. transformational rulesB. generative rulesC. phrase structure rulesD. x-bar theory40. The sentence structure is ___D____.A. only linearB. only hierarchicalC. complexD. both linear and hierarchical41. The syntactic rules of any language are __C__ in number.A. largeB. smallC. finiteD. infinite42. The ____D____ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences.A. lexicalB. morphologicalC. linguisticD. combinational43.“We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents ____B___.A. the conceptualist viewB. contexutalismC. the naming theoryD. behaviourism44. “Can I borrow your bike?”____D___ “You have a bike.”A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes45. _____B______ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, calledsemantic features.A. Predication analysisB. Componential analysisC. Phonemic analysisD. Grammatical analysis46. “Alive” and “dead” are ________C______.A. gradable antonymsB. relational oppositesC. complementary antonymsD. None of the above47. ______C_____ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.A. PolysemyB. SynonymyC. HomonymyD. Hyponymy48. Words that are close in meaning are called _______D_______.A. homonymsB. polysemyC. hyponymsD. synonyms49. ____A_____ does not study meaning in isolation, but in context.A. PragmaticsB. SemanticsC. Sense relationD. Concept50. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning ____D_____ isconsidered.A. referenceB. speech actC. practical usageD. context51. A sentence is a ___B______ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.A. pragmaticB. grammaticalC. mentalD. conceptual52. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a(n)____C_____.A. constativeB. directiveC. utteranceD. expressive53. Which of the following is true? ___B____A. Utterances usually do not take the form of sentences.B. Some utterances cannot be restored to complete sentences.C. No utterances can take the form of sentences.D. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences.54. ______C____ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or thechange brought about by the utterance.A. A locutionary actB. An illocutionary actC. A perlocutionary actD. A performative act55. All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose, but they differ ____C______.A. in their illocutionary acts.B. in their intentions expressedC. in their strength or forceD. in their effect brought about56. When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, ___D____ might arise.A. impolitenessB. contradictionsC. mutual understandingD. conversational implicatures57. English language belongs to ___A______.A. Indo-European FamilyB. Sino-Tibetan FamilyC. Austronesian FamilyD. Afroasiatic Family58. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?A. ArbitrarinessB. DisplacementC. DualityD. Meaningfulness59. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because _______.A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingB. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyedC. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongueD. All of the above60. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _______ and meanings.A. senseB. soundsC. objectsD. ideas61. A sentence is considered ____ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.A. rightB. wrongC. grammaticalD. ungrammatical62. A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator63. Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.A. recursiveB. grammaticalC. socialD. functional64. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.A. how words and phrases form sentences.B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of wordsC. how people produce and recognize possible sentencesD. All of the above.65. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ________.A. transformational rulesB. generative rulesC. phrase structure rulesD. x-bar theory66. The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that __________.A. noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions.B. noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phraseC. noun phrase can be used in adverbial positionsD. noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary.67. The sentence structure is ________.A. only linearB. Only hierarchicalC. complexD. both linear and hierarchical68. The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.A. largeB. smallC. finiteD. infinite69. The ________ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences.A. lexicalB. morphologicalC. linguisticD. combinational70._______ rules may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.A. GenerativeB. TransformationalC. X-barD. Phrase structure71. The naming theory is advanced by ________.A. PlatoB. BloomfieldC. Geoffrey LeechD. Firth72. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _______.A. the conceptualist viewB. contexutalismC. the naming theoryD. behaviourism73. Which of the following is not true?A. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.B. Sense is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form.C. Sense is abstract and decontextualized.D. Sense is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not interested in.74. “Can I borrow your bike?”_______ “You have a bike.”A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes75. ___________ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.A. Predication analysisB. Componential analysisC. Phonemic analysisD. Grammatical analysis76. “Alive” and “dead” are ______________.A. gradable antonymsB. relational oppositesC. complementary antonymsD. None of the above77. _________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SemanticsD. Sense78. ___________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.A. PolysemyB. SynonymyC. HomonymyD. Hyponymy79. Words that are close in meaning are called ______________.A. homonymsB. polysemyC. hyponymsD. synonyms80. The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by _______.A. grammatical rulesB. selectional restrictionsC. semantic rulesD. semantic features。