英文演讲The Gettysburg Adress赏析
英文演讲The Gettysburg Address赏析想学好英文，不外乎几个途径——多听、多讲和多写。
要听好的英语，最好是听英语世界的名人演讲，不单学习他们的腔调，也学习他们遣词造句的精髓，以及人生的智能。
演讲在西方有悠久的传统，希腊的学者和政治家在三千前，已经在广场向群众宣扬自己的学说和政治理念。
从政者必须是一个出色的演说家，前美国总统林肯，就是最伟大的英语演说家之一，他的文辞浅白，从不在演语中乱丢书包、或故意卖弄，而且句子简洁、铿锵有力。
发表于1863年的The Gettysburg Address可说是其中的佼佼者。
下面我们来欣赏一下。
The Gettysburg AddressAbraham Lincoln19 November 1863Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fit and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate - we cannot consecrate - we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth offreedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from this earth.葛底斯堡的演讲87年以前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家。
它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。
现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家，或者说以考验任何一个孕育于自由而奉行上述原因的国家是否能够存在下去。
我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。
烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命，我们在此集会是为了把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后安息之所。
我们这样做是完全应该而且非常恰当的。
但是，从更广泛的意义上来说，这块土地我们不能够奉献，不能够圣化，不能够神化。
曾在这里战斗过的勇士们，活着的和死了的，已经把这块土地神圣化了。
这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。
全世界将很少注意到、也不会长期地记起我们在这里所说的话，但全世界永远不会忘记勇士们在这里做过的事。
毋宁说，倒是我们这些还活着的人，应该在这里把自己奉献于勇士们已经如此崇高地向前推进但尚未完成的事业，倒是我们应该在这里把自己奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务，以便使我们从这些光荣的死者身上汲取更多的献身精神，来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业，以便使我们在这里下定最大的决心，不让这些死者白白牺牲，以便使国家在上帝福佑下得到自由的新生，并且使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。
底斯堡战役是美国南北战争中一个具有决定意义的转折点,挫败南方军队向北的进攻。
为了纪念这一具有历史意义的战役,北方各州决定在葛底斯堡修建烈士公墓。
1863年11月19日举行的烈士公墓落成典礼,林肯应邀出席并作了历史上有名的葛底斯堡演说。
在此演讲中, 6个字母及以上的词汇量的数目为57个,占21%的比例,同时不常见的词也较多,如consecrate, hallow, perish等;这些词完全可以被其它词或词组替换,如“fourscore and seven years ago”可以表达为“eighty - seven years ago”;“perish”可以被“disappear”替换。
这样的用词增加了语言的难度,也可以使语言更加正式、准确、有严肃感。
文中抽象词的数量比一般的文体多一些,如proposition, conceived, dedicated, consecrated, devotion, freedom等等,这同样是由《葛底斯堡演说》的内容决定的。
在悼念勇士、振奋人心的基调上使用较多的抽象词是合乎情理的,并在使演讲具有感染力和增加听众对演讲人的信任度上取得了很好的效果。
在此演讲中出现最多的是第一人称“ I”,“we”,“our”,“us”,没有出现第二人称“you”,而且只有在指代那些牺牲的先烈们时使用了一次“they”。
由此可见,演讲者不自觉地把听众拉到了自己的一边,增强了鼓动性和可信性,也赢得了演讲者与听众间的亲近感。
在整篇演讲中共有271个词, 10句话,平均每句话有27. 1个词,在最短的句子有10个词,而在最长的句子则由82词构成，很好地描绘了未来的方向,以独特的令人易接受的方式激励人们不懈地奋斗。
从对演讲的统计可以看出,含词量大部分集中在每句20—30个词之间,而不存在含词量在10个以下的句子,这与日常生活对话的含词量大多在10个以下的形成鲜明的对照。
随着句子长度的增加,句子结构也自然的更复杂了,在构成整篇演讲词的10句话中,复合句占了9句(除第3句) ,比率高达90%之多,句子结构如此复杂是在日常谈话等交流中不常见的。
此外,在短短的10句话中出现了4个动词不定式和4个动名词,这也无疑增加了句子的复杂性。
在句子成分的组织上可以观察到,以主语开头的句子是7句,这样可以使读者经济便捷地抓住有效信息,同时3个以状语开头的句子的比重较日常用语有较大的增加,这样给读者设下悬念,能够引起读者兴趣,并使整个演讲富有变化、跌宕起伏,符合其文体特征和演讲目的。
在此篇中林肯的语言文采就表现在他经常使用的对偶和排比的修辞手法。
使用这种修辞手法可以使语句整齐匀称,显示形式的整体美。
这也是此篇演讲声调铿锵有力,语义丰富集中,说理有力的原因。
其中的第二段是最好的例子,也是本篇的中心,共有167个词,分为5个句子,占了全文篇幅的三分之二。
为了使语言简练,声调铿锵,说理有力,作者采用了对偶的修辞手法把三个简单句并列在一起,不用连词,仅用逗号把它们隔开;三个并列的简单句都重复we can not,为的是强调听众的印象。
But, in a larger sense,we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate,we can not hallow this ground.接下去的一个并列句也是对偶句。
两个并列句使用一对反义词(note, remember/forget)做谓语动词并各带一个以what引导的宾语从句:The world will little note nor long remember what we say here,but it can never forget what they did here.跟着的是两个以it为形式主语,以不定式短语为真正主语的句子构成的平行结构,把对偶和层进(climax)相糅合。
这两个对偶句在意义上又是递进的阐述,进一步深入,很有气势:It is for us, the living,rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have this far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be dedicated here to the great task remaining before us…….接下去是连续使用that,实际上是so that引导的目的状语从句。
这又是一个对偶:That that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain最后又用了三个that引导的从句,但是引导的不是状语从句而是三个宾语从句。
葛底斯堡演讲词
葛底斯堡演说词--亚伯拉罕·林肯THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS——by Abraham Lincoln（Translated by YLSHD）八十七年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上建立起一个崭新的国家，它在自由之中孕育，以致力于所有人与生俱来的平等为目标。
Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation. conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.当前，我们正在进行一场伟大的内战，以检验这个国家——或任何一个诞生并执著于上述信仰的国家——能否长久生存。
我们在这次战争的一个伟大战场上聚会，我们来到这里，将这战场上的一小块土地作为供奉……作为亘古长眠的安息之地……祭献给那些为国家生存而捐躯的人们。
我们这样做，是完全合理并且，分所当为的。
Now we are engaged in a great civil war，testing whether that nation,or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.然而，就深一层的意义而言，我们难以供奉，无从献祭，我们不能令这块土地变得更为神圣……那些曾在这里战斗过的，活着和死去的勇士们，已经将它改造得如此圣洁，远非我们微薄的力量所能扬抑。
【著名演讲】The Gettysburg Address 葛底斯堡演讲 Abraham Lincoln 亚伯拉罕·林肯
and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war
testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived
It is rather for us
to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us
that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause
for which they gave the last full measure of devotion,
by the people for the people
shall not perish fromighly resolve that these dead shall not
have died in vain
that this nation, under God shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the people
It is altogether fitting
and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate
we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground.
【著名演讲】The Gettysburg Address 葛底斯堡演讲 Abraham
英语演讲稿Gettysburg Address三篇
英语演讲稿：Gettysburg Address Gettysburg AddressFour score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of the field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that the nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us, ----that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion, ----that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, ----thatthis nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, ----and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.中学生英语演讲稿精选：GettysburgAddressFour score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of the field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that the nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to thegreat task remaining before us, ----that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion, ----that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, ----that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, ----and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.精选英语演讲稿：Inaugural AddressTo those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do -- for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms, and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.Let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of Isaiah -- to "undo the heavy burdens, and let the oppressed go free."And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.。
葛底斯堡演说中英对照全文
葛底斯堡演说中英对照全文"The Gettysburg Address"中文:我站在这里，首先要感谢上帝，因为让我们有机会站在这片土地上，纪念那些为我们自由而英勇牺牲的英雄。
这块土地是圣地。
三年前，南北军队决定在葛底斯堡拼死一搏，以决定我们这个国家的命运。
今天，我们站在这片土地上，来敬礼那些无畏的军人，尤其是这场战役中，为了确保我们永久自由而不惜献出生命的军人。
因此，我们现在站在这里，有义务继承他们的遗志，继续为保证民主，为追求公平、正义而奋斗。
这就是今天我们站在这里要做的：我们不仅要让我们的前辈的牺牲不致徒劳，而且要将他们的精神发扬光大，继续为这个伟大的国家作出贡献。
我们有信心，泰坦尼克号将沉到深海，但我们的理想将没有死亡的一天！这一精神将永存，将永远高于这片土地，而我们也一定会继续努力，为了确保该国永存！因此，从今天起，我们要把我们的行动，继续这场伟大的奋斗！只要我们不放弃，就有更美好的明天，还有更多的希望！谢谢大家！English:I stand here today to thank God that we have the opportunity to stand on this sacred ground and to honor the brave souls that died for our freedom.This land is holy. Three years ago, the armies of the North and South met at Gettysburg to decide the fate of our nation. And today, we stand on this land to pay tribute to those brave soldiers who gave their lives in this Battle so that we may remain free forever.It is therefore our duty to keep their legacy alive, to continue to fight for justice and equality, and to ensure democracy for all. That is what we are here to do today: to ensure that the sacrifices of our ancestors were not in vain and to make their spirit continue to be the foundation of our great nation.We have faith that the Titanic will sink to the bottom of the ocean, but our ideals shall never die! This spirit shall live on, forever higher than this land, and we will keep striving to ensure a future for this country.So from now on, let us take action and further this great struggle! As long as we don't give up, there will be a brighter tomorrow and even more hope! Thank you!。
英语名篇-葛底斯堡演讲词
英语名篇:葛底斯堡演讲词--亚伯拉罕.林肯the gettysburg addressby abraham lincoln八十七年往常，我们的祖先在这大陆上建立了一具国家，它孕育于自由，同时献身给一种理念，即所有人基本上声来平等的。
four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.当前，我们正在从事一次伟大的内战，我们在考验，究竟那个国家，或任何一具有这种主张和这种信仰的国家，是否能长久存在。
我们在那次战争的一具伟大的战场上集会。
我们来到这个地方，奉献这个战场上的一部分土地，作为在此地为这个国家的生存而牺牲了自己生命的人的永远眠息之所。
我们如此做，是十分合情合理的。
now we are engaged in a great civil war testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. we are met on a great battle-field of that war. we have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. it is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.可是，就更深一层意义而言，我们是无从奉献这片土地的--无从使它成为圣地--也别能把它变为人们景仰之所。
葛底斯堡演说三种译文批评与赏析
proposition that all 的奋斗目标，即人 生来平等的原则 生来平等的主张
men are created
人生来都具有平等
equal
权利
a portion of that field 战场上的一块土地 战争的一部分 战场上的一片土 地
who here gave their 为国捐躯的人们 lives that this nation might live
的
做是完全合适的
The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here
在这里战斗过的， 仍然健在或已经牺 牲的勇士
那些曾经在这里战 那些曾经在这里战
斗过的勇敢的生者 斗过的勇士们，活
与死者
着的和死去的
of the people, by the people, for the people
民有、民治、民享
民有、民治、民享 归人民所有、由人 民管理、为人民服 务
8
译文总体评析
姚媛
比较简洁， 准确性不 够
江怡
准确明了， 简洁庄重， 感染力不 够强
李明
准确明了， 庄重，先辈在这块 我们的先辈在这 我们的先辈在这
大陆上建立了一个 块大陆上创建了 个大陆上创立了
崭新的国家
一个新的国家 一个新的国家
6
姚媛
江怡
李明
conceived in Liberty, 她以自由为立国之 她孕育于自由之 她孕育于自由之
and dedicated to the 本，并致力于这样 中，奉行一切人 中，致力于人人
译文对比赏析
Gettysburg Address
contents
葛底斯堡演说三种译文批评与赏析
Gettysburg Address
contents
1
翻译批评角度
2
三种译文分析
3
译文总体评析
2
三种功能
语篇按文本类型分为信息类文本、表情类文本和呼吁类文本——K. Reiss 信The Gettysburg Address” 在语言上同时具备了信息、表情和呼
of the people, by the people, for the people
江怡
李明
我们这样做是完全 恰当的，也是完全 应该的
我们这样做，是理 我们这样做是完全 所当然，恰如其分 恰当的，我们这样 的 做是完全合适的
在这里战斗过的， 仍然健在或已经牺 牲的勇士
那些曾经在这里战 那些曾经在这里战 斗过的勇敢的生者 斗过的勇士们，活 与死者 着的和死去的
战场上的一片土 地
为这个国家的生 为了我们国家的 存而献身的烈士 生存而在此献出 了自己生命的人
7
姚媛
It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this
The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here
吁功能。
• 翻译方法：功能相似，意义相符（陈宏薇）
4
三种功能
1. 信息功能 既要信息对等，也要简洁明了 2. 表情功能 形式与原文一样优美，感情与作 者一样真挚 3. 呼吁功能 唤起听众做出所需反应
姚媛
Four score and seven years ago 87年前
江怡
87年前
李明
87年以前
民有、民治、民享
民有、民治、民享 归人民所有、由人 民管理、为人民服 务
林肯葛底斯堡演讲稿
林肯葛底斯堡演讲稿集团标准化工作小组 #Q8QGGQT-GX8G08Q8-GNQGJ8-MHHGN#林肯葛底斯堡演讲稿The Gettysburg AddressGettysburg, PennsylvaniaNovember 19, 1863Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.亚伯拉罕·林肯1863年11月19日美国，宾夕法尼亚，葛底斯堡八十七年以前，我们的祖先在这大陆上建立了一个国家，它孕育于自由，并且献身给一种理念，即所有人都是生来平等的。
英语演讲原文：The Gettysburg Address
The Gettysburg Address背景知识美国在1776年独立，脱离英国的管治，不足一百年间，已发展成一个超级大国。
由于国土辽阔，南北之间的分歧亦大。
美国北方依靠工商业，要求提高关税以保护他们产品的市场；南方依靠农业，需要自由贸易制度，以便他们的棉花、烟草和大米卖到欧洲各国。
但双方更大的分歧在于是否解放黑奴。
1860年，林肯(Abraham Lincoln) 当选美国总统，尽管南方人也认同林肯的看法，奴隶制最终要从地球上消失，但黑奴种植棉花为他们带来经济繁荣，他们害怕改变。
南方炮兵于1861年4月12日首先开火，美国开始了持续四年的内战。
内战的其中一次主要战役，发生于首都华盛顿附近的盖提斯堡，林肯总统在纪念阵亡士兵的仪式上，向在场的一万人发表了著名的「盖提斯堡演说」(Gettysburg Address)，鼓励人民为人人平等的民主原则而战，时维1863年11月19日。
林肯在1865年3月第二度当选美国总统，六个星期后，他在剧院遇刺，一颗子弹射穿他的大脑，他倒下了。
这一年，林肯56岁。
林肯不仅是美国史上最伟大的总统，而且是伟大的演说家，他的演说充满魅力，文采精炼，是传世的文学作品。
演讲原文The Gettysburg Address Abraham Lincoln 19 November1863Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth 1 on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated 2 to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whetherthat nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fit and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate - we cannot consecrate 3 - we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated 4 it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather,to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather forus to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us- that from these honored dead we take increased devotionto that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from this earth.解说：想学好英文，不外乎几个途径--多听、多讲和多写。
林肯葛底斯堡演讲稿
林肯葛底斯堡演讲稿The Gettysburg AddressGettysburg, PennsylvaniaNovember 19, 1863Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom --and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.亚伯拉罕·林肯1863年11月19日美国，宾夕法尼亚，葛底斯堡八十七年以前，我们的祖先在这大陆上建立了一个国家，它孕育于自由，并且献身给一种理念，即所有人都是生来平等的。