2018-2019学年度第一学期九年级第一次月考试卷(含答案)
2018-2019学年度长沙师大附中第一学期九年级第一次月考试卷数学试卷(时间:120分钟满分:150分)注意事项:1. 答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
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1.已知一元二次方程有一个根为1,则k的值为()A. -2B. 2C. -4D. 42.某中学组织初三学生篮球比赛,以班为单位,每两班之间都比赛一场,计划安排15场比赛,则共有多少个班级参赛?()A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 73.如图,在中,,,,动点P从点A开始沿向点以B以的速度移动,动点Q从点B开始沿向点C以的速度移动.若P,Q两点分别从A,B两点同时出发,P点到达B点运动停止,则的面积S随出发时间t的函数关系图象大致是()A. B. C. D.4.已知学校航模组设计制作的火箭的升空高度h(m)与飞行时间t(s)满足函数表达式h=﹣t2+24t+1.则下列说法中正确的是()A. 点火后9s和点火后13s的升空高度相同B. 点火后24s火箭落于地面C. 点火后10s的升空高度为139mD. 火箭升空的最大高度为145m5.已知二次函数y=ax2+bx+c的图象如图所示,OA=OC,则由抛物线的特征写出如下含有a、b、c三个字母的等式或不等式:①=﹣1;②ac+b+1=0;③abc>0;④a﹣b+c>0.其中正确的个数是()A. 4个B. 3个C. 2个D. 1个6.关于x的一元二次方程(k+1)x2﹣2x+1=0有两个实数根,则k的取值范围是()A.k≥0B.k≤0C.k<0且k≠﹣1D.k≤0且k≠﹣17.二次函数y=﹣x2+mx的图象如图,对称轴为直线x=2,若关于x的一元二次方程﹣x2+mx﹣t=0(t 为实数)在1<x<5的范围内有解,则t的取值范围是()A. t>﹣5B. ﹣5<t<3C. 3<t≤4D. ﹣5<t≤48.将抛物线y= x2﹣6x+21向左平移2个单位后,得到新抛物线的解析式为()A. y= (x﹣8)2+5B. y= (x﹣4)2+5C. y= (x﹣8)2+3D. y= (x﹣4)2+39.某市从2017年开始大力发展“竹文化”旅游产业.据统计,该市2017年“竹文化”旅游收入约为2亿元.预计2019年“竹文化”旅游输入将达到2.88亿元,据此估计该市2018年、2019年“竹文化”旅游收入的年平均增长率约为()A. B. C. D.10.一元二次方程的两根分别为和,则为()A. B. 1 C. 2 D. 0二、填空题(共4题;共20分)11.当c=________时,关于x的方程x2+8x+c=0有一根为0.12.如图,已知抛物线y=x2+bx+c经过点(0,-3),请你确定一个b的值,使该抛物线与x轴的一个交点在(1,0)和(3,0)之间,你所确定的b的值是________.13.已知抛物线y=-x2+2与x轴交于A、B两点,与y轴交于C点,则△ABC的面积=________.14.已知二次函数y=ax2+bx+c的图象如图所示,对称轴为直线x=1,则下列结论正确的有________.①abc>0②方程ax2+bx+c=0的两个根是x1=﹣1,x2=3③2a+b=0④当x>0时,y随x的增大而减小三、计算题(共1题;共16分)15.计算题(1)解方程:x(x﹣3)﹣4(3﹣x)=0;(2)利用配方法求抛物线y=﹣x2+4x﹣3的对称轴和顶点坐标.四、解答题(共2题;共16分)16.某商店购进一批单价为20元的日用品,如果以单价30元销售,那么半个月内可以售出400件.根据销售经验,提高销售单价会导致销售量的减少,即销售单价每提高1元,销售量相应减少20件.问如何提高售价,才能在半个月内获得最大利润?17.已知是关于x的一元二次方程的两个不相等的实数根,且满足,求m的值.五、综合题(共33题;共58分)18.已知在平面直角坐标系内,抛物线y=x2+bx+6经过x轴上两点A,B,点B的坐标为(3,0),与y轴相交于点C;(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)求△ABC的面积.19.已知关于x的一元二次方程:x2﹣2x﹣k﹣2=0有两个不相等的实数根.(1)求k的取值范围;(2)给k取一个负整数值,解这个方程.20.在美丽乡村建设中,某县通过政府投入进行村级道路硬化和道路拓宽改造.(1)原计划是今年1至5月,村级道路硬化和道路拓宽的里程数共50千米,其中道路硬化的里程数至少是道路拓宽的里程数的4倍,那么,原计划今年1至5月,道路硬化和里程数至少是多少千米?(2)到今年5月底,道路硬化和道路拓宽的里程数刚好按原计划完成,且道路硬化的里程数正好是原计划的最小值.2017年通过政府投入780万元进行村级道路硬化和道路拓宽的里程数共45千米,每千米的道路硬化和道路拓宽的经费之比为1 : 2,且里程数之比为2 : 1,为加快美丽乡村建设,政府决定加大投入.经测算:从今年6月起至年底,如果政府投入经费在2017年的基础上增加10a%(a>0),并全部用于道路硬化和道路拓宽,而每千米道路硬化、道路拓宽的费用也在2017年的基础上分别增加a%,5a%,那么道路硬化和道路拓宽的里程数将会在今年1至5月的基础上分别增加5a%,8a%,求a的值.21.阅读材料:各类方程的解法求解一元一次方程,根据等式的基本性质,把方程转化为x=a的形式.求解二元一次方程组,把它转化为一元一次方程来解;类似的,求解三元一次方程组,把它转化为解二元一次方程组.求解一元二次方程,把它转化为两个一元一次方程来解.求解分式方程,把它转化为整式方程来解,由于“去分母”可能产生增根,所以解分式方程必须检验.各类方程的解法不尽相同,但是它们有一个共同的基本数学思想转化,把未知转化为已知.用“转化”的数学思想,我们还可以解一些新的方程.例如,一元三次方程x3+x2﹣2x=0,可以通过因式分解把它转化为x(x2+x﹣2)=0,解方程x=0和x2+x﹣2=0,可得方程x3+x2﹣2x=0的解.(1)问题:方程x3+x2﹣2x=0的解是x1=0,x2=________,x3=________;(2)拓展:用“转化”思想求方程=x的解;(3)应用:如图,已知矩形草坪ABCD的长AD=8m,宽AB=3m,小华把一根长为10m的绳子的一端固定在点B,沿草坪边沿BA,AD走到点P处,把长绳PB段拉直并固定在点P,然后沿草坪边沿PD、DC走到点C处,把长绳剩下的一段拉直,长绳的另一端恰好落在点C.求AP的长.22.直线y=﹣x+3交x轴于点A,交y轴于点B,顶点为D的抛物线y=﹣x2+2mx﹣3m经过点A,交x轴于另一点C,连接BD,AD,CD,如图所示.(1)直接写出抛物线的解析式和点A,C,D的坐标;(2)动点P在BD上以每秒2个单位长的速度由点B向点D运动,同时动点Q在CA上以每秒3个单位长的速度由点C向点A运动,当其中一个点到达终点停止运动时,另一个点也随之停止运动,设运动时间为t秒.PQ交线段AD于点E.①当∠DPE=∠CAD时,求t的值;②过点E作EM⊥BD,垂足为点M,过点P作PN⊥BD交线段AB或AD于点N,当PN=EM时,求t 的值.答案解析部分一、单选题1.【答案】B【考点】一元二次方程的根【解析】【解答】解:把x=1代入方程可得1+k-3=0,解得k=2。
故答案为:B【分析】将x=1代入原方程可得关于k的一元一次方程,解之即可得k的值。
2.【答案】C【考点】一元二次方程的应用【解析】【解答】设共有x个班级参赛,根据题意得:=15,解得:x1=6,x2=﹣5(不合题意,舍去),则共有6个班级参赛,故答案为:C.【分析】设共有x个班级参赛,则每个班需要赛(x-1)场,故需要赛的场数为,根据计划安排15场比赛,即可列出方程,求解并检验即可。
3.【答案】C【考点】二次函数的图象,根据实际问题列二次函数关系式【解析】【解答】解:由题意可得:PB=3-t,BQ=2t,则△PBQ的面积S= PB•BQ= (3-t)×2t=-t2+3t,故△PBQ的面积S随出发时间t的函数关系图象大致是二次函数图象,开口向下.故答案为:C.【分析】由题意可得:PB=3-t,BQ=2t,根据三角形的面积公式得出S与t的函数关系式,根据所得函数的类型即可作出判断。
4.【答案】D【考点】二次函数的应用【解析】【解答】解:A、当t=9时,h=-81+216+1=136;当t=13时,h=-169+312+1=144,可得高度不相等,故A不符合题意;B、当t=24时,h=-576+576+1=1,高度为1m,故B不符合题意;C、当t=10时,h=-100+240+1=141≠139,故C不符合题意;D、h=−t2+24t+1=−(t-12)2+145,∵a=-1<0,∴当t=12时,h有最大值145,故D符合题意;故答案为:D.【分析】A,B,C三个选项的说法,即只要把t的值代入h=−t2+24t+1即可得到;D是求二次函数的最值,可将函数表达式化成顶点式,根据a的正负,判断是最大还是最小的.5.【答案】A【考点】二次函数图象与系数的关系【解析】【解答】解:①=﹣1,抛物线顶点纵坐标为﹣1,正确;②ac+b+1=0,设C(0,c),则OC=|c|,∵OA=OC=|c|,∴A(c,0)代入抛物线得ac2+bc+c=0,又c≠0,∴ac+b+1=0,故正确;③abc>0,从图象中易知a>0,b<0,c<0,故正确;④a﹣b+c>0,当x=﹣1时y=a﹣b+c,由图象知(﹣1,a﹣b+c)在第二象限,∴a﹣b+c>0,故正确.故答案为:A.【分析】此题考查二次函数的图像与系数的关系,由图像知a>0,b<0,-1<c<0,顶点的横坐标0<x<1,与x轴两个交点的横坐标一个是-1<x1<0,一个是1<x2<2,及OA=OC即可一一判断。
6.【答案】D【考点】一元二次方程的定义及相关的量,一元二次方程根的判别式及应用【解析】【解答】解:根据题意得k+1≠0且△=(﹣2)2﹣4(k+1)≥0,解得k≤0且k≠﹣1.故答案为:D.【分析】抓住此方程是一元二次方程,可得出二次项系数≠0,此方程有两个实数根,可得出b2-4ac≥0,建立不等式组,解不等式组,即可求解。
2019—2020学年度江苏省盐城市建湖县宝塔初中第一次月考初三语文试卷
2019—2020学年度江苏省盐城市建湖县宝塔初中第一次月考初三语文试卷2018/2018学年度第一学期九年级第一次时期测试语文试题本卷须知:考生在答题前请认真阅读本本卷须知及各题答题要求1. 本试卷共6页, 25题。
本次考试时刻为150分钟, 总分值为150分。
考试形式为闭卷。
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三、语言积存与运用〔35〕(1) 1. 阅读下面一段文字, 按要求答题。
〔4分〕(2)湿地是人类最重要的环境资源之一。
湿地的种类多达31类。
中国湿地的要紧类型包括zhǎo zé湿地、海岸滩涂、湖泊湿地、河流湿地、河口湿地以及水库、稻田等人工湿地。
而江苏盐城作为滨海都市和水网地区, 竟同时具有海岸滩涂、湖泊和河流这三种湿地, 可谓得天独后, 富甲天下。
(3)依照拼音写汉字。
zhǎo zé〔1分〕(4)给加点字注音。
湖泊.滨.海〔2分〕划线句中有一个错不字, 请改正。
〔1分〕2.依照句意, 依次填入横线的词语最恰当的是〔〕〔2分〕⑴清晨, 在林间小路闲逛, 一阵阵的鸟鸣声, 使我的心情更加轻松愉快。
⑵在科技月活动中, 他设计的节水龙头, 精巧耐用, 受到了师生的交口。
⑶老舍作品的语言, 〝京味〞浓郁, 幽默风趣, 深受宽敞读者的喜爱和。
⑷乡亲们好奇地着中央电视台〝心连心〞艺术团的演员, 眼神里透着淳朴。
A.清脆赞扬崇拜打量B.清脆赞扬推崇打量C.清晰赞扬崇拜端详D.清晰赞扬推崇端详3. 以下句中没有语病的一项为哪一项: 〔〕〔2分〕A.我们要利用一切人类的优秀成果, 为祖国的建设服务。
B. 当国民党主席吴伯雄率团到达南京时, 受到了〝台办〞主任陈云林及江苏省领导人的烈火欢迎。
C. 能否保持一颗平常心是考试发挥好坏的关键。
人教版新九年级上册化学第一次月考试题含答案
羇A .计算 .实验 D .推理 CB 确的是 8.下列物质在氧气中燃烧的现象,.测量正确的是. 3 下列图示的实验中,铁丝在氧气中燃烧火星四射,放热,生成黑色物质 DA.袇蚇红磷在氧气中燃烧产生白雾B.C .倒到指定的容器中 肈() . 2 化学是一门自然科学,学习化学的一个重要方法是 德罗 D .门捷列夫.拉瓦锡 A .道尔顿肂题号螂荿一罿 二膄 三肁 分总膀总分人 螈 核分人 芄分得蒂简单的灭火方法是 ( 4.实验室中,不小心将酒精灯碰倒在桌上燃烧起来,芄.用湿抹布扑 D C .用嘴吹灭 .用水冲灭B .用泡沫灭火器扑灭A是物的属于纯净 6.下列物质)(学年度第一学期九年级化学月考试卷2017-2018肄D .蒸馏水 C70 分) 100 分钟验剩余的药品 , 共分 20 分)一.A .带回家去.啤酒 A 总分:(时间: 羅) (.纯牛奶选择题(每题只有一个正确答案, 每题1.生活中发生的下列变化, .矿泉水 螇处理方法正确的是 6.对化学实2 袂 B .随意倾倒到水槽中属于物理变化的是D .倒回原瓶中锅生锈 C. 燃放烟花7.下列科学家与氧气有关的是蜡烛燃烧 A. 冰雪融化 薈)D.B. 铁.阿伏伽13.酒精灯的火焰分别是________ 、 ______ 、 _________ ;酒精灯用木炭在氧气中燃烧发出红光 C.芃灭;向酒精灯洒里添加酒精用14.D.硫在氧气中燃烧发出淡蓝色火焰虿15.仪器洗净的标准:洗过的玻璃仪器内壁附着的水芆日世界环境日,环境保护是我国的一项基本国策,空气的净化日月 5 9. 每年的 6 袀。
芇)益受到人们的关注。
下列气体组中的各种气体都属于空气污染物的是(肇水_______________ 15. 给量筒内液体读数时,视线要___________________ 薂氮气平。
二氧化硫 A. 一氧化碳二氧化氮 B.二氧化碳一氧化碳蚄氮气氮气二氧化碳 C. 氧气 D. 氧气一氧化碳16.手握法检验装置气密性:聿莁10.检验氧气的方法是。
2018-2019 学年(上)厦门市双十中学初三化学第一次月考试卷+解析
2019初三上双十第一次月考(题目)1.全国生态环境保护大会要求“坚决打好污染防治攻坚战”。
下列做法符合环保要求的是()A.野外焚烧垃圾B.回收废弃塑料C.任意排放污水D.随意丢弃电池2.下列变化不属于化学变化的是( )A. 铁钉生锈B. 用液态空气制氧气C. 用葡萄酿酒D. 纸张燃烧3.下列关于氧气的说法正确的是()A.氧气具有可燃性,可以支持燃烧B.水生动物能在水中生存是因为氧气易溶于水C.工业上利用分离液态空气的方法制取氧气D.氧气的化学性质很活泼,常温下能与所有物质发生化学反应4.一个充满了某种气体(二氧化碳、氮气、空气中的一种)的集气瓶,将燃着的木条伸入瓶中,发现木条立即熄灭,则该瓶气体可能是( )A.二氧化碳B.氮气C.空气D.氮气或二氧化碳5.下列实验操作不正确的是( )A.检查气密性B.闻气体气味C.滴加液体D.给液体物质加热6.秋季校运会上,发令声打响时,产生一股白烟,看到白烟时,开始计时。
为了产生这种白烟,在被击发的药物中可含有下列物质中的()A.黑火药B.硫粉C.红磷D.白色涂料7.下列反应中不属于化合反应的是()A.C+CO2====2COB.2H2+O2====2H2OC.CO2+H2O====H2CO3D.CaCO3+2HCl==CaCl2+CO2↑+H2O高温点燃8.下列物质的用途由物理性质决定的是()A.氧气供给呼吸B.氧气支持燃烧C.氮气填充飞艇D.氮气用作保护气9.下列食品包装措施中,不能有效防止食品腐败的是( )A. 填充空气B. 填充氮气C. 填充二氧化碳D. 抽成真空10.右图装置常用来测定空气中氧气的含量,下列对该实验的认识中正确的是()A.红磷燃烧产生大量白雾B.燃烧匙中的红磷可以换成硫粉C.该实验可以说明N2难溶于水D.红磷的量不足会导致测量的结果偏大11.在装有空气的密闭容器中,若用燃烧的方法除去其中的氧气,但又不引入其他杂质。
可使用的燃烧物是()A .硫磺B .木炭C .红磷D .铁12.从分子、原子角度对下面一些现象和变化的解释,合理的是()A.花香四溢—分子很小,质量也很小B.热胀冷缩—温度变化,分子或原子大小发生变化C.滴水成冰—温度降低,分子间隔变小、停止运动D.食品变质—分子发生变化,分子性质发生变化13.某气体A的密度比空气的密度小,且难溶于水不与水反应.下列方法中:①向上排空气法,②向下排空气法,③排水法.收集氧气可用( )A.①B.①或③C.②或③D.③14.下列粒子结构示意图,表示阴离子的是()15.对下列实验指定容器中的水,其解释没有体现水的主要作用的是()16.下列实验事实分别说明空气中有哪些成分?(用物质的化学符号表示)(1)木炭在空气中燃烧,消耗的气体是:_______(2)包装食品时,为防腐而充入的气体通常是空气中的:_______(3)使敞口放置在空气中的澄清石灰水,表面产生一层白膜的物质是空气中的:__________ 17.在氧气中分别点燃:①铁丝②木炭③硫磺④磷⑤蜡烛(填序号)(1)有浓厚的白烟生成的是________(2)能产生明亮蓝紫色火焰的是__________(3)能生成黑色固体_________ (4)生成物能使澄清石灰水变浑浊的是____和____18.有下列物质:①氧化镁②净化后的空气③呼出的气体④红磷⑤氯酸钾⑥水⑦加热高锰酸钾完全反应后的固体剩余物⑧液氧其中属于混合物的是______________属于纯净物的是__________________(填序号)19.根据事实,写出有关化学反应的化学方程式,在括号中写出该反应所属的基本反应类型。
上海市普陀区2018-2019学年第一学期九年级阶段测试语文试卷12月月考试卷(Word版 含答案)
2018学年度第一学期九年级阶段测试语文试卷(满分:150分,完成时间: 100分钟,在答题纸上完成)考生注意:1.本卷共27题。
2.请将所有答案做在答题纸的指定位置上,做在试卷上一律不计分。
一、文言文(40分)(一)默写(15分)1.困于心,,。
(《生于忧患》)2. ,进,吾往也。
(《孔孟论学》)3.僵卧孤村不自哀,。
(《十一月四日风雨大作》)4.昨夜江边春水生,。
(《观书有感》)5. ,带月荷锄归。
(《归园田居》)(二)阅读下面的诗,完成第6-7题(4分)诉衷情陆游当年万里觅封侯。
匹马戌梁州。
关河梦断何处?尘暗旧貂裘。
胡未灭,鬓先秋。
泪空流。
此生谁料,心在天山,身老沧州。
破阵子——为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之辛弃疾醉里挑灯看剑,梦回吹角连营。
八百里分麾下炙,五十弦翻塞外声,沙场秋点兵。
马作的卢飞快,弓如霹雳弦惊。
了却君王天下事,赢得生前身后名,可怜白发生!6.“塞外声”在诗中的意思是_______。
(2 分)7.下列理解不正确的一项是(2分) ( )A.二词都表现抗金的愿望与报国无门的矛盾。
B.二首词的结尾句都体现了理想落空的绝望。
C.二首词都运用了对比,从中突出理想与现实的矛盾。
D.作者同为南宋时期爱国词人,都有不为所用的优愤。
(三)阅读下文,完成第8-10题(9 分)潍县署中寄含弟墨第一书读书以过目成诵为能,最是不济事。
眼中了了,心下匆匆,方寸无多,往来应接不暇,如看场中美色,一眼即过,与我何与也?千古过目成诵,孰有如孔子者乎?读《易》至韦编三绝,不知翻阅过几千百遍来。
微言精义,愈探愈出,愈研愈入,愈往而不知其所穷。
虽生知安行之圣,不废困勉下学之功也。
东坡读书不用两遍,然其在翰林读《阿房宫赋》至四鼓,老吏苦之,坡洒然不倦。
岂以一过即记,遂了其事乎!惟虞世南、张睢阳、张方平,平生书不再读,迄无佳文。
8.《潍县署中寄含弟墨第一书》的作者是___朝的 (人名)。
(2 分)9.用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。
20182019学年第一学期武汉市一初慧泉中学九年级10月月考数学试卷(教师版)
20182019学年第一学期武汉市一初慧泉中学九年级10月月考数学试卷(教师版)一初慧泉中学2019-2019学年度上学期10月月考九年级数学试题一、选择题(共10小题,每小题3分,共30分)1.方程x 2+x =0的根为( )A . 0或-1B .0或1C .±1D .-1答案:A2.下列两个图形,一定相似的是( )A .两个等腰三角形B .两个直角三角形C .两个等边三角形D .两个矩形答案:C3.下列的点在抛物线y =x 2-4x -4上是( )A .(4,4)B .(3,-1)C .(-2,-8)D .(4721--,) 答案:D4.下列各点A (-2,1)、B (-2,-1)、C (2,-1)、D (-1,2),关于原点O 对称的两点是( )A .点A 与点B B .点A 与点C C .点A 与点DD .点C 与点D答案:B5.如右图,△ABC 中,DE ∥BC ,EF ∥AB ,则下列式子正确的是( )A .BC BF AB AD = B .ACAE BD AD = C .BC DE AB EF = D .ACAE FC BF = 答案:A6.函数1)1(212-+-=x y 的图象是一条抛物线,关于该抛物线下答案:D9.飞机着陆后滑行的距离y (单位:m )关于滑行时间t (单位:s )的函数解析式是22360t t y -=,飞机着陆至停下来共滑行( )A .20米B .40米C .400米D .600米答案:D10.如图,Rt △ABC 中,AB =AC =3,点D 是AB 上一点,以CD 为边作等边△CDE ,使A 、E 位于BC 异侧.当D 点从A 点运动到B 点,E 点运动的路径长为( )A .3B .22C .23D .33答案:A二、填空题(本大题共6个小题,每小题3分,共18分)11.如图,把图中的五角星图案,绕着它的中心O 旋转.旋转角至少为__________度时,旋转后的五角星能与自身重合答案:7212.一个二次函数的图象经过(0,0)、(-1,-1)、(1,9)三点,则这个二次函数的解析式为____答案:y=4x 2+5x13.有一个人患了流感,经过两轮传染后共有121人患了流感.设每轮传染中平均一个人传染了x 个人,根据以上信息可列方程为______________答案:(x+1)2=12114.如果2c 是方程x 2-c =0的一个根,且该方程有两个不相等的实数根,则常数c 是__________答案:415.已知四边形ABCD 中,∠A =∠C =90°,AB =AD =3.若CB -CD =2,则四边形ABCD 的面积为__________答案:816.已知关于x 的方程(x -m )(x -n )-p =0有两个解x 1、x 2,且x 1>x 2,m >n .若x 1-x 2>m -n ,则常数p 的取值范围是________________答案:P>0三、解答题(共8题,共72分)17.(本题8分)解方程:x 2-2x -3=0答案: x 1=3,x 2=-118.(本题8分)已知关于x 一元二次方程0143222=--++m m mx x(1) 求证:无论m 为何值,方程总有实数根(2) 若方程两根分别为x 1、x 2,且x 12-x 22=0,求m 的值答案: (1)省略(2)m=2或者 m=0 19.(本题8分)如图,△ABC 和△DEF 的顶点都在格点上,请解答下列问题:(1) 画出△ABC绕点O逆时针旋转90°后的图形△A1B1C1,A、B、C的对应点分别是A1、B1、C1(2) 设(1)中点A与点B运动的路径长分别为a和b,则a___________b(3) △A1B1C1与△DEF关于某点对称,请直接写出它们对称中心的坐标答案:(1)省略(25(3)1(0,)220.(本题8分)如图,要设计一幅宽20 cm、长30 cm 的图案,其中有两横三竖的彩条,横、竖彩条的宽度比为3∶2.如果要使彩条所占面积是图案面积的11,应如25何设计彩条的宽度?答案:横彩条的宽为4米,竖彩条的宽为83米21.(本题8分)如图,AD⊥BC,垂足为D,BE⊥AC,垂足为E,AD与BE相交于点F,连接ED(1) 请写出图中所有与△ADC相似的三角形(2) 若∠C=60°,求DE的值AB答案:(1)△BDF,△BEC,△AEF,322.(本题10分)某宾馆有50个房间供游客居住,当每个房间定价120元时,房间会全部住满,当每个房间每天的定价每增加10元时,就会有一个房间空闲,如果游客居住房间,宾馆需对每个房间每天支出20元的各种费用,设每个房间定价增加10x元(x为整数)(1) 直接写出每天游客居住的房间数量y与x的函数关系式(2) 设宾馆每天的利润为W元,当每间房价定价为多少元时,宾馆每天所获利润最大,最大利润是多少?(3) 某日,宾馆了解当天的住宿的情况,得到以下信息:①当日所获利润不低于5000元;②宾馆为游客居住的房间共支出费用没有超过600元,直接写出此时x的范围答案:(1)y=50-x(2)w=(50-x)(120+10x-20)=-10(x-20)2+9000,当x=20时,定价为320元,最大利润为9000元.(3)20≤x≤4023.(本题10分)如图,点P是正方形ABCD外一点,连接PA、PD,作BM⊥PA,垂足为E,使BM=PA,再作CN⊥PD,垂足为F,使CN=PD,连接PM、PN (1) 如图1,当PA=PD时,直接写出线段PM、PN的位置关系和数量关系(2) 在(1)的条件下,若∠APD=40°,则∠ABM=__________(3) 如图2,当PA≠PD时,(1)中的结论是否仍然成立,若成立,请给出证明;若不成立,请说明理由 答案:(1)PM=PN,PM ⊥ PN(2)70°(3) 过A 点作AQ ⊥PF 于Q,连AM,连ND 交PE 于H 点,证明△PAM ≌△NDP ,则PM=PN,PM ⊥ PN24.(本题12分)如图,抛物线L :y =ax 2+bx +c 与x 轴的两个交点的横坐标分别为-2、3,与y 轴的交点是A (0,t ),且t <0(1) 当t =-3时,直接写出抛物线L 的解析式(2) 在(1)的条件下,过A 点的直线交抛物线于另一点P .若AP 被x 轴分成1∶2两部分,求P 点的坐标(3) 如图2,点B 是y 轴上与点A 关于原点对称的点,BC ∥x 轴交抛物线在y 轴右侧的部分于C ,AD ∥x 轴交抛物线在y 轴右侧的部分于D ,M 是线段AB 上一点,连MC 、MD .若△MBC 与△MAD 相似,并且符合条件的点M 恰有两个,求t 的值及点M 的坐标答案:答案:(1)y=211322x x -- (2)123413731373173173(),(),((22p p p p +-+- (3) 当t= -2时,M 1(0,-1.2),M 2(0,0)当t= -2.5时,M 1(0,-1.5),M 2(0,1.5)。
九年级第一次月考英语试卷有答案
交大附中2018-2019学年第一学期初三第一次月考英语试题I单项选择1.He learnt English by _________________ English songs.A. listenB. listen toC. listeningD. listening to2. After working her way around the world, Annie ended up __________ English as a foreigh language teacher.A. teachB. taughtC. teachingD. to teach3. _______________ great weather it is today!A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a4. Jenny is practicing the piano. ______________ she is playing!A. How carefulB. How carefullyC. What carefulD. What carefully5. She wondered _____________ I liked best about Mid-Autumn Festival.A. thatB. whetherC. ifD. what6. ---He dressed up _________ a ghost last night. How scary!--- Take it easy! He just played a trick __________us.A. in; onB. in; inC. as; onD. as; in7. Old Henry is ___________ man that he never lends anything to others.A. so meanB. so a meanC. such meanD. such a mean8. Can you please tell me where ___________ the post office?A. to findB. can I findC. how to findD. find9. Could you please _____________ it again?A. not to doB. don’t doC. not doingD. not do10. ---Do you know ____________?--- Yes, in two days.A.when will Mr. Li come backB.how long Mr. Li will come backC.what time will Mr. Li come backD.how soon Mr. Li will come backII.完型填空I heard a story about a famous scientist who had made several very important achievements.bottle of milk away from the fridge, but the slippery(光滑的) bottle fell, spilling its milk all overyou have made! I have never seen such a big puddle(水坑) of milk. Would you like to get downIndeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, “Robert, when you make a mess likemop. Which do you prefer?” He chose the towel and together they cleaned up the milk.carry it without dropping it.” The little boy learned that if he held the bottle at the top near the lip(杯口) with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it.mistakes. So, what have you learnt from the story?1. A. serious B. similar C. different D. important2. A. an experience B. advice C. a promise D. an idea3. A. pass B. bring C. drink D. take4. A. kitchen B. bedroom C. bathroom D. living room5. A. from B. with C. because of D. instead of6. A. after B. before C. as soon as D. since7. A. when B. what C. how D. why8. A. experiment B. condition C. survey D. research9. A. look B. discover C. recognize D. develop10. A. clean the floor B. spill milk C. make mistakes D. realize mistakesIII. 阅读理解阅读A篇,判断正误,正确为A, 错误为B.AThe purpose of students who come to school is to study. But studying needs right ways, or we would waste the time or the money. The followings are ways for studying.The best time for reading is morning. Because in the morning, the air is fresh and our minds are clear. For that reason, we can set good results.When we study we must he patient. If we don't understand a text well, we must read it again. We should not read the next until we have learned the first one well.When we are studying, we must put our hearts into the book. We cannot read absent - mindedly (必不在焉地) , or we could get nothing from the book while we are reading.We must always ask “why”. If we can't. understand well, write it down and ask our teachers or parents, brothers or friends, in any possible ways. We must know it completely and then our knowledge can be used well.Though there are many ways for studying, however, the above mentioned(提到的) will he helpful if we can keep them in heart.1. Morning is the best lime for reading because the air is fresh and our minds are clear2. If we don't understand a text well, we should read it again till understand it3. We don’t have to ask “why”when we can’t understand well.4. We can also learn well, if we read a book absent-mindedly.5. The best title of the passage is Right ways of studying.BSwimming and English LearningCan you swim? Do you like swimming? Well, how can you learn to swim? I think the best way is to go into the water and learn. I’m afraid you’ll never learn to swim just by reading books about Swimming or looking at others swimming. It’s the same with the English study. We mustpractice, practice and practice.Listening and speaking are very important for beginners. We can listen to English programs on radio. You may just understand a few words. It doesn’t matter. Just be relaxed, try to catch every word.Somebody may be a good listener, but he is afraid to speak because he’s afraid of making mistakes. You know we sometimes make mistakes when we speak Chinese. Don’t be afraid. We must be brave. If you really want to learn English well, you must try to speak with everyone as long as he knows English. When there’s nobody to talk with, you can talk to yourself in English. It’s interesting and also a good way to practice your spoken English. Remember, the more you speak, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.Reading and writing are more important for senior(年级较高的)school students. First we must choose the books we’re interested in. A lot of reading will improve your language sense. This is very important.It’s easier said than done. Well, let’s do more practice from now on. I’m sure you’ll learn English well in this way.6. You can learn to swim by _______________.A. reading books about swimmingB. looking at others swimmingC. having lessons on itD. going into the river and learning7. We should learn English by __________________.A. listing and speakingB. reading and writingC. A and BD. swimming8. What will you do with mistakes when you speak?A. Don’t make mistakes.B. Study hard.C. Try not to speak EnglishD. Don’t be afraid.9. What is more important for senior school students?A. ListeningB. SpeakingC. Reading and writingD. Learning10. We can listen to English ____________ , according to the passage.A. by trainB. on the radioC. every minuteD. now and thenCWhere is Love? How can we find Love?Once a little boy wanted to meet Love. He knew it was a long trip to where Love lived, so he got his things ready with some pizzas and drinks and started off. When he passed three streets, he saw an old woman sitting in the park and watching some birds. She looked very hungry. The boy gave her a pizza. She took it and smiled at him. The smile was so beautiful that he wanted to see it again, so he gave her a Coke. She smiled once again. The boy was very happy.They sat there all the afternoon, eating and smiling, but they said nothing. When it grew dark, the boy decided to leave. But before he had gone more than a few steps, he turned around, ran back to the old woman and gave her a hug. The woman gave him her biggest smile ever.When the boy opened the door of his house, his mother was surprised by the look of joy(快乐)on his face and asked what had made him so happy. “I had lunch with Love. She has got the most beautiful smile in the world.”At the same time, the old woman’s son was also surprised at his mother’s pleasure and asked why. “I ate a pizza in the park with Love,”she said, “and he is much younger than I expected.”If the world is full of love, we can enjoy a better life.11. When the little boy saw the old woman, she was .A. looking for a seat in the parkB. passing the streetC. looking at some birdsD. having a pizzaA. the old woman still felt hungryB. he wanted to see the smile againC. he didn’t like the drinkD. the old woman paid him for itA. after the little boy went homeB. before it grew darkC. when she was drinking CokeD. after the little boy hugged herA. pleasedB. sadC. unhappyD. angry15. Which of the following is TRUE?_____A. The little boy failed to find Love.B. Both the little boy and the old woman found what they wanted at last.C. The little boy decided never to go home.D. The old woman gave the little boy a hug to thank him.DThere are so many reasons for remembering our favorite teachers forever and thanking them. Here are some good teachersMr. Livingstone: Ms Livingstone had the same last name as me and I often spoke with her since we worked in the same building. When my students got her for 7th grade, I was very concerned .I thought her class would be very boring. But my students loved her class and I never forgot her.Jack: I went to Mrs. McMullan’s class completely by accident at the start of my 10th grade year, and I am so lucky that I did. She brought the literature(文学) to life right before my eyes. She loves her job so much. If every teacher could do what she does in the classroom, every class would be wonderful. I w as so happy to meet a teacher who cared so much. That’s the reason why I want to be an English teacher. And if I could be half as helpful as she is, I would be happy.Mr. Smith: Mrs. McClure always went above and beyond for the children in her classroom. Thanks to Mrs. McClure, my son loves school. He even got to eat a special lunch with her recently and it made his week! One family will forever be grateful for the wonderful experience she provided for our son during his first year in school.Mary: “How are you feeling today?”Mr. Funk asks every day. “Thirsty for knowledge!” all the students answer immediately .Mr. Funk is an amazing history teacher and an amazingall-round person; he never lets class get boring .When mistakes are made ,he corrects them so that you actually understand what you did wrong. Mr. Funk is a great teacher.16. What does the word “concerned” in paragraph2 probably mean?A.Excited B Relaxed. C. Worried D. Interested17. What’s the relationship between the writer and Mr. Livingstone?A. Classmates.B. Workmates.C. Teacher and student.D. Brother and sister.18. What do we learn about Jack?A. He knew a lot about Mrs. Mcquillan before going to her classB. He is sure he will be a better teacher than Mrs. Mcquillan.C. He wants to teach Mrs. Mcquillan.D. He loved Mrs. Mcquillan’s literature class very much.19.Which of the following persons also works at school?A. Mr. LivingstoneB. Mr SmithC. MaryD. Jack20.What is Mr. Funk’s class most probably like?A. LongB. Boring C . Simple D. Lively第II 卷IV. 完成句子。
九年级上学期语文第一次月考试卷D卷新版
九年级上学期语文第一次月考试卷D卷新版一、选择题(共2题;共4分)1.(2分)(2019 •长春模拟)下列语言表达得体的一项是()A .老人路上掉了一张餐纸,清洁人员追上去说“老家伙,你怎能乱扔垃圾?真没素质!”B .小刘到书店买到了梦寐以求的书,临走时,店老板说:“谢谢惠顾,欢迎下次光临。
”C .快递员送货超时,收货人说:“你是腿短呢,还是属蜗牛的?这么老半天才把东西送到!”D .餐厅服务员劝阻正在吸烟的顾客,顾客叼着烟说:“烟是我买的,关你什么事?”2.(2分)(2019八上•揭西期末)下列对病句的修改不正确的一项是()A .《航拍中国》节目深受好评的主要原因是拍摄者注重“高度、温度、角度”造成的。
(在“是”后面加上“因为”)B.端午节,无论是粽叶的清香,还是龙舟的呐喊,渲染的都是中华民族传统文化的深厚内涵(把“渲染”改为“表现”)C .在“大众创业、万众创新”的大潮下,凭着青春的激情和对互联网技术的敏感,使越来越多的年轻人加入到“互联网十”创业的大军中。
(删去“使”)D.作为一种新兴的教育模式,跨文化、体验式游学已经成为一种时尚,普遍受到众多学生和家长的欢迎。
(把“普遍”调到“欢迎”前面)二、情景默写(共1题;共5分)3.(5分)(2018八下•温州期中)古诗文名句默写。
(1),徒有羡鱼情。
(孟浩然《望洞庭湖赠张丞相》)(2)是故,教然后知困(《礼记•虽有嘉肴》)(3)是故谋闭而不兴,, 是谓大同。
(《礼记•大道之行也》)(4)杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》中表现诗人推己及人、舍己为人的高尚风格和博大胸襟的诗句是:,第1页共12页(5)白居易《卖炭翁》中展现诗人深刻理解卖炭翁矛盾的内心活动和艰难处境的诗句是:,。
(6)韩愈《马说》中表达作者对统治阶级有眼无珠、不识人才的愤慨的句子是:?。
三、字词书写(共1题;共1分)4.(1分)(2019七上义乌月考)根据拼音写出相应的汉字。
①鸟儿将窠巢安在繁花旄n 叶当中,高兴起来了……(《春》)②水藻真绿,把终年zhU 蓄的绿色全拿出来了。
2018-2019学年人教版九年级英语全册第1次月考综合测试题及答案
九年级第一次月考英语试题笔试部分:(95分)二、选择填空(15小题,共15分)() 26. She didn’t know ____ or not he ____ play the violin when was twelve.A. if, canB. if, couldC. whether, canD. whether, could() 27. ---How long will you stay in Wuhan?--- I’m not sure. I haven’t decided _______.A. when will I come backB. if I would go to other placesC. whom I will visitD. I will come back() 28. --- Which restaurant do you like?--- Fun Times. It ____ delicious food.A. givesB. servesC. eatsD. takes() 29. She asked me what you _____ at 9:00 last night.A. are doingB. were doingC. have doneD. will do() 30. _______, can you say it again? I can’t follow you.A. Follow meB. Read after meC. Pardon meD. No problem() 31. They promised _____ the rules.A. to not breakB. to breakC. not breakingD. not to break() 32. ---You must enjoy yourself in Yunnan, right?--- Yes. ______ weather it is!A. How niceB. What a niceC. What niceD. How a nice() 33. ---The man _____ for 3 years.--- His ____ brings sadness to his family until now.A. has died, dieB. has died, deathC. has been dead, deathD. has been died, death () 34. When you visit a museum you should ___ the instructions and don’t be against them.A. compare withB. look forward toC. pay attention toD. try out() 35. ____ you’ve tasted it, you can’t imagine how delicious the dish is.A. BecauseB. AlthoughC. WhenD. Unless() 36. ____ children there are in a family, ____ their life will be.A. The less, the fewerB. The fewer, the betterC. Fewer, richerD. More, poorer() 37. He asked me about the best way ____ more English words.A. to memorizeB. memorizingC. of memorizeD. to memorizing() 38. Linlin often practices English ______ chatting with her American friends.A. inB. byC. forD. with() 39. I found ____ very difficult to learn physics well.A. thatB. itC. thisD. it’s() 40. The boy called _____ for help and his voice was very _______.A. aloud, loudlyB. aloud, loudC. aloud, aloudD. loudly, aloud三、完形填空(10空,共10分)There was a new supermarket. All the housewives who went to the new41had one great ambition: to be the lucky customer who did not have to pay for her shopping. There was a big notice inside. It said: Remember, once a42, one of our customers can get free goods. This may be your lucky day in a week!For several weeks Mrs. Edwards43like many housewives, to be the lucky customer, Many housewives lost their hopes as time went on. Unlike them, Mrs. Edwards never44hope. The cupboards in her kitchen were full of things which she did not45 . Her husband tried to stop her, but he46 . She dreamed of the day when the manager of the supermarket would come up to her and say,“ Madam, this is your lucky day. Everything in your basket is47 .One Friday morning, after she had finished shopping and had taken things to her car, she found that she had forgotten to buy some48 . She came back to the supermarket, got the tea and went towards the cash desk. As she did so, she saw the49of the supermarket came up to her.“ Madam,” he said,“I want to congratulate you! You are our lucky customer and50you have in your basket is free!”() 41. A. supermarket B. library C. cinema D. hospital() 42. A. day B. week C. month D. year() 43. A. guessed B. decided C. hoped D. hated() 44. A. looked up B. put up C. hung up D. gave up() 45. A. buy B. borrow C. learn D. need() 46. A. succeeded B. failed C. waited D. refused() 47. A. cheap B. expensive C. free D. heavy() 48. A. tea B. meat C. milk D. salt() 49. A. assistant B. customer C. manager D. policeman() 50. A. nobody B. everybody C. nothing D. everything四、阅读理解(3篇短文,每篇短文设5小题,共15小题,30分)Passage AWhenever the sun set and the blue sky came up, my father and I used to climb the mountain near my house. Walking together, my father and I used to have a lot of conversations through which I learned lessons from his experience.He always told me,“You should have goals like climbing the mountain.“Without themountain-climbing that we both enjoyed, we couldn’t have enough time to spend together because my father was very busy. I really got a lot from the mountain-climbing. It gave me time to talk with my father and to be in deep thought as well as develop my patience.Once we climbed a very high mountain. It was so challenging for me because I was only ten years old. During the first few hours of climbing, I enjoyed the flowers and trees, and the birds’ singing. But as time passed, I got a pain in both of my legs. I wanted to quit climbing, but my father said to me,“ You can always see a beautiful sky at the top of the mountain, but you can’t see it before you reach the top. Only there can you see all of the nice things, which are just like your life.”At that time, I was too young to understand his words. But later after that, I got to know the meaning of hope in life. I found myself standing at the top of the mountain, and the sky was as clear as crystal.() 51. The passage tells us that mountain-climbing was ____ for the father and the son.A. hardB. enjoyableC. painfulD. comfortable() 52. The underline word“ crystal” in the passage means“ ____”A.岩石B.火焰C.水晶D.寒冷() 53. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the father’s words in the second paragraph?A. You will get all you need at the top of the mountain.B. The sky is always as clear as crystal.C. You can find life is full of nice things.D. Never give up half-way.() 54. We can infer推断from the last paragraph that ________.A. the writer was very successful in his lifeB. the writer reached the top of the mountainC. though the writer was young, he could understand his fatherD. the writer used to stop half-way when he climbed the mountain() 55. The best title for the passage is __________.A. Reaching the Top of the MountainB. Standing at the Top of the MountainC. Conversations Between Father and SonD. How to Get to the Top of the MountainPassage B.Anger is a kind of feeling. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you toomuch homework, when your team loses an important game, when a friend borrows your favorite thing and thin breaks it, you may get really angry.Usually, your body will tell you when you are angry. For example, you breathe faster, your faceturns red, and you may want to break something or hit someone, but sometimes, you hide your anger. For example, you may hide it in your heart. The problem is that if you do this, you may get a headacheor your stomach may hurt.In fact, it’s not good to hide your anger, and it’s normal for you to get angry sometimes, But anger must be let out in the right way, without hurting others or yourself.When you get angry, you can talk about it with other people. It’s helpful to talk about your angerwith an adult, such as parents, a teacher, etc. When you talk about anger, those bad feelings can start to go away. Here are some other things you can do when you start to feel anger: talk to a good friend; count from 1 to 100; give someone a hug; go for a bike ride; think about good things, etc.Remember that how you act when you are angry can make everything better or worse. Don’t letyour anger control you.() 56. You may not get angry when _____________,A. there is too much homework on this weekend.B. your favorite basketball team wins the gameC. a friend breaks your favorite thingD. your parents don’t let you watch TV() 57. _____ shows that you’re not angry.A. Taking a faster breath Getting a headacheC. Getting a stomachache . Wanting to protect someone() 58. According to the passage, you can do everything when you get angry except除了______.A. go for a bike rideB. think about good thingsC. talk to a good friendD. say bad things to the people around you() 59. The underlined word” control” in the last paragraph mean _____ in Chinese.A.控制B.连接C.帮助D.失去() 60. This passage is mainly about ________.A. angerB. excitementC. happinessD. sadnessPassage CWhen I was growing, I had an old neighbor called Dr. Smith. He didn’t look like any other doctor I’d ever known.He was a very kind person. After he retired, he began to plant trees in his large garden. He wished to make it a forest.The good doctor had some interesting ideas about planting trees. He never watered his new trees. Once I asked why. He said,“ If you water them, each baby tree will grow weaker and weaker. Otherwise, they will have to grow deep roots根to look for water under the earth by themselves.”He planted some oaks, and instead of watering them every morning, he beat them with a rolled-up newspaper.I asked him why he did that, and he said it was to get the tree’s attention.Dr. Smith died three years after I left home. I walked by his house and looked at the trees that I’d watched him plant about twenty years ago. They’re very big and strong now.I also planted some trees a few years ago and I carried water to them for a whole summer. However, after two years of caring too much, whenever a cold wind blows in, they shake a lot.Life is hard, whether we want it to be or not. What we need to do is to try our best to make our roots reach deep into the brave heart, so when the rain falls and the wink blows, we would face them strongly and won’t be beaten down.() 61. We can know from the passage that the doctor _______.A. didn’t know how to plant trees at allB. wasn’t good at his own medical jobC. had his own ways of planting treesD. had nothing to do but plant trees() 62. Which of the following about Dr. Smith is TRRE according to the passage?A. He was strict with his neighborsB. He was a doctor before he retired.C. He used to be a gardener before he retiredD. He liked planting flowers in his garden() 63. Why did Dr. Smith treat his trees in that way?A. He wanted to make them grow better.B. He wanted to kill his time.C. He didn’t care about them at allD. He wanted to make the trees die.() 64. What can we learn from the passage?A. We shouldn’t water the new trees.B. We should beat trees with rolled-up newspapers.C. We should try our best to make ourselves strong enough to face difficulties.D. We can’t grow up without too much care.() 65. What do you think is the best title of the passage?A. Watering TreesB. Growing RootsC. Doctor and his NeighborD. How to Plant Flowers五、完成句子(7个小题,共14分)阅读下列各小题,根据括号内的汉语提示,用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子,并将答案写在答题卡上的相应题后。
2018-2019上学期武汉东湖第一次月考考试试卷初三英语(无听力含参考答案)
2018-2019上学期武汉东湖第一次月考试卷初三英语Part Two:笔试部分三、完型填空(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)Is there someone you hate? Well, ___46____ you don't really hate them. But you get really angry every time you think of them. ___47____ you don't let this anger go, it can turn into bitterness (痛苦).Bitterness___48____ when we can't forgive (原谅) someone who has hurt us or made us angry. Someone might say or do something____49___ hurts us. But instead of controlling the anger, we keep it beep inside. Before long, a bitter feeling begins to grow. We may think we're hurting that person by criticizing (指责) him or her often, but we're really only hurting ourselves.Bitterness can not only lead to serious health problems ___50____ heart disease, but also hurt our relationships ___51____ friends and family members. No one enjoys being around an angry person for very long.If you see bitterness in your life, here are some ___52____ to deal with it.★Accept itInstead of trying to deny(否认)your anger, ___53____ it clear to yourself and accept it. See your anger★Stop making excuses for itYou may feel you have a right to ____54___ . You may think you're right and the other person is wrong. You may even secretly enjoy making the other person look bad. But in the end, bitterness hurts you much more than the other person. The bitterness will hold you back, and the other person will go on with his or her life.★Forgive and forget itYou probably can't ___55____ put the anger out of your mind. But you can decide to forgive the other person. Forget it and move on. You'll enjoy better heath and peace of mind.( ) 46. A. might be B. can be C. may be D. maybe( ) 47. A. Whether B. If C.Unless D. Though( ) 48. A. goes B. disappears C. appears D. turns( ) 49. A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 50. A. for example B. for instance C. such as D. instead of( ) 51. A. between B. with C. without D. among( ) 52. A.suggestion B. advice C. ways D. thoughts( ) 53. A. make B. take C.change D.tell( ) 54. A.angry B. be anger C. be angrily D.be angry( ) 55. A. slowly B. completely C. lonely D.hardly四.阅读理解(本小题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分)A( )56. The animals in Tongjiang Zoo are from _____________ .A.YunnanB. South ChinaC. Northeast ChinaD. different places ( )57. Mr. and Mrs. Green are going to the zoo with their five-year-old son. They have to pay_____________ for the tickets.A.15 yuanB. 30 yuanC.45 yuanD. 60 yuan( )58.The zoo closes at _____________ on weekends.A. 5:30pmB. 4:30pmC. 9:00amD. 8:00am( )59. Visitors _____________ in the zoo.A. mustn’t take photos with all animalsB. mustn’t go close to the dangerous animalsC. can give food to the animalsD. can throw your things around( )60. Which of the following is NOT true?A.The zoo has a history of more than twenty years.B.You can see many rare(珍贵的) animals in the zoo.C.You can see 2,000 kinds of different animals in the zoo.D.You can get some basic knowledge of the animals in the zoo.BThe first robots were invented in the 1920s.Robots have appeared in many American films. In some films, they are stronger, faster and cleverer than people.In real life, robots are mainly used in factories. They do some dangerous and difficult jobs for humans.Robots also help disabled people, like blind people. Today many blind people have a guide (向导) dog to help them. In the future, guide dogs might be robot dogs.One kind of robot guide dog has wheels. It moves in front of the owner. It is very clever. It knows the speed of its owner's walk. The owner wears a special belt (带子). This belt sends instructions to the owner from the dog, such as "Stop here" , "Turn left" or "Turn right".In the United States, another kind of robot helps disabled people to take care of themselves in their daily life. The robot hears the sound of its owner's voice, it follows instructions such as" turn the page "or "Make a cup of coffee".Robots are also used in American hospitals. They can do simple jobs. At one hospital, for example, a robot takes meals from the kitchen to patients' rooms. It never gets lost because this robot as a map of the hospital in its computer memory.Though robots can help people in many different ways, they will never take the place of humans.( )61.From the passage ,we know robots cannot be ________________________.A.dangerous animalsB. factory workersC. guide dogsD. hospitals helpers( )62.A robot guide dog _______________________________.A. goes in fronts of blind peopleB. walks side by side with blind peopleC. has a map in its headD.helps patients with their meals( )63. What does the underlined(下划线的) word “instructions” mean in Chinese ?A信息 B. 条件 C. 说明,指令 D. 答案( )64. Some disabled people need robots’ help to ______________________.A take care of themselves B. talk to another peopleC. become scientistD. do dangerous jobs( )65.In the passage .the writer wants to tell us that ___________________.A robots are stronger and cleverer than humansB disabled people cannot look after themselves without the robotsC robots will take the place of humans some day in the futureD robots can help humans in many different ways.C配对阅读。
安徽省合肥一六八教育集团2018-2019学年九年级(上)第一次月考数学试卷(解析版)
2018-2019学年安徽省合肥一六八教育集团九年级(上)第一次月考数学试卷一、选择题(本大题共10小题,共40分)1.下列函数不属于二次函数的是()A.y=(x﹣1)(x﹣2)B.y=(x+1)2C.y=2(x+3)2﹣2x2D.y=1﹣x22.抛物线y=3(x+1)2+2的顶点坐标是()A.(1,2)B.(1,﹣2)C.(﹣1,﹣2)D.(﹣1,2)3.设点(﹣1,y1),(2,y2),(3,y3)是抛物线y=﹣2x2+1上的三点,则y1、y2、y3的大小关系为()A.y3>y2>y1B.y1>y3>y2C.y3>y1>y2D.y1>y2>y34.在同一坐标系中,作y=3x2+2,y=﹣3x2﹣1,y=x2的图象,则它们()A.都是关于y轴对称B.顶点都在原点C.都是抛物线开口向上D.以上都不对5.y=3(x﹣1)2+2与y轴的交点坐标是()A.(0,2)B.(0,5)C.(2,0)D.(5,0)6.在学校运动会上,初三(5)班的运动员掷铅球,铅球的高y(m)与水平距离x(m)之间函数关系式为y=﹣0.2x2+1.6x+1.8,则此运动员的成绩是()A.10m B.4m C.5m D.9m7.抛物线y=2(x﹣3)(x﹣5)的对称轴是直线()A.x=3B.x=5C.x=4D.x=88.在同一坐标系中一次函数y=ax+b和二次函数y=ax2+bx的图象可能为()A.B.C.D.9.二次函数y=ax2+bx+c的图象如图所示,且P=|a﹣b+c|+|2a+b|,Q=|a+b+c|+|2a﹣b|,则P、Q的大小关系是()A.P>Q B.P<Q C.P=Q D.无法确定10.已知如图在边长为2的正方形OABC中,直线m始终沿着与OB垂直的方向从点O平移到点B停止,速度是1,记直线m在正方形中扫过的区域面积为y,直线运动的时间为x,下列正确的反映y与x函数关系的图象是()A.B.C.D.二、填空题(本大题共4小题,共20分)11.二次函数y=x2+4x﹣1的最小值是.12.已知抛物线y=(x﹣1)2+1向右平移2个单位,再向上平移1个单位得到抛物线.13.若y=(m﹣1)x m2+2m﹣1是二次函数,则m的值是.14.如图,已知点A1,A2,…,A2011在函数y=x2位于第二象限的图象上,点B1,B2,…,B2011在函数y=x2位于第一象限的图象上,点C1,C2,…,C2011在y轴的正半轴上,若四边形OA1C1B1、C1A2C2B2,…,C2010A2011C2011B2011都是正方形,则正方形C2010A2011C2011B2011的边长为.三、解答题(总分90)15.(8分)若二次函数图象经过点A(﹣1,0),B(3,0),C(0,5)三点,求该二次函数解析式.16.(8分)用配方法求出二次函数y=x2﹣x﹣1的顶点坐标.17.(8分)若二次函数y=(m﹣1)x2+2x+1与x轴有交点,求m的取值范围.18.(8分)(1)请在右图的坐标系中画出函数y=x2﹣2x的大致图象;(2)根据图象回答x取何值的时候,y≥0.19.(10分)如图,有长为24米的篱笆,一面利用墙(墙的长度为10米)围成长方形养鸡场.试问:当长方形的长、宽各为多少米时,养鸡场的面积最大,最大面积是多少?20.(10分)已知二次函数y=﹣x2﹣2x+3的图象与x轴相交于A、B两点,与y轴交于C点(如图所示),点D在二次函数的图象上,且D与C关于对称轴对称,一次函数的图象过点B、D;(1)求点D的坐标;(2)求一次函数的解析式;(3)根据图象写出使一次函数值大于二次函数值的x的取值范围.21.(12分)某商家销售一款商品,进价每件80元,售价每件145元,每天销售40件,每销售一件需支付给商场管理费5元,未来一个月(按30天计算),这款商品将开展“每天降价1元”的促销活动,即从第一天开始每天的单价均比前一天降低1元,通过市场调查发现,该商品单价每降1元,每天销售量增加2件,设第x天(1≤x≤30且x为整数)的销售量为y件.(1)直接写出y与x的函数关系式;(2)设第x天的利润为w元,试求出w与x之间的函数关系式,并求出哪一天的利润最大?最大利润是多少元?22.(12分)数学活动课上,小君在平面直角坐标系中对二次函数图象的平移进行了研究.图①是二次函数y=(x﹣a)2+(a为常数)当a=﹣1、0、1、2时的图象.当a取不同值时,其图象构成一个“抛物线簇”.小君发现这些二次函数图象的顶点竟然在同一条直线上!(1)小君在图①中发现的“抛物线簇”的顶点所在直线的函数表达式为;(2)如图②,当a=0时,二次函数图象上有一点P(2,4).将此二次函数图象沿着(1)中发现的直线平移,记二次函数图象的顶点O与点P的对应点分别为O1、P1.若点P1到x轴的距离为5,求平移后二次函数图象所对应的函数表达式.23.(14分)如图,抛物线y=﹣x2+2x+3与x轴相交于A、B两点(点A在点B的左侧),与y轴相交于点C,顶点为D.(1)直接写出点A、B、C三点的坐标和抛物线的对称轴;(2)连接BC,与抛物线的对称轴交于点E,点P为线段BC上的一个动点,过点P作PF∥DE交抛物线于点F,设点P的横坐标为m.①用含m的代数式表示线段PF的长;②当m为何值时,四边形PEDF为平行四边形?③设△BCF的面积为S,求S与m的函数关系式,S是否有最大值?如果有,请求出;如果没有,说明理由.2018-2019学年安徽省合肥一六八教育集团九年级(上)第一次月考数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(本大题共10小题,共40分)1.下列函数不属于二次函数的是()A.y=(x﹣1)(x﹣2)B.y=(x+1)2C.y=2(x+3)2﹣2x2D.y=1﹣x2【分析】首先把每一个函数式整理为一般形式,进而利用二次函数定义分析得出即可.【解答】解:A.y=(x﹣1)(x﹣2)=x2﹣3x+2,是二次函数,不合题意,故此选项错误;B.y=(x+1)2=x2+2x+1,是二次函数,不合题意,故此选项错误;C.y=2(x+3)2﹣2x2=12x+18,是一次函数,符合题意,故此选项正确;D.y=1﹣x2=﹣x2+1,是二次函数,不合题意,故此选项错误.故选:C.【点评】此题主要考查了二次函数的定义,正确把握定义是解题关键.2.抛物线y=3(x+1)2+2的顶点坐标是()A.(1,2)B.(1,﹣2)C.(﹣1,﹣2)D.(﹣1,2)【分析】已知抛物线解析式为顶点式,可直接求顶点坐标.【解答】解:∵y=3(x+1)2+2为抛物线的顶点式,∴抛物线的顶点坐标为(﹣1,2).故选:D.【点评】本题考查了二次函数的性质.抛物线的顶点式y=a(x﹣h)2+k的顶点坐标是(h,k).3.设点(﹣1,y1),(2,y2),(3,y3)是抛物线y=﹣2x2+1上的三点,则y1、y2、y3的大小关系为()A.y3>y2>y1B.y1>y3>y2C.y3>y1>y2D.y1>y2>y3【分析】分别计算自变量为﹣1、2、3对应的函数值,然后比较函数值的大小即可.【解答】解:当x=﹣1时,y1=﹣2x2+1=﹣2×(﹣1)2+1=﹣1,当x=2时,y2=﹣2x2+1=﹣2×22+1=﹣7,当x=3时,y3=﹣2x2+1=﹣2×32+1=﹣17,所以y1>y2>y3.故选:D.【点评】本题考查了二次函数图象上点的坐标特征:二次函数图象上点的坐标满足其解析式.4.在同一坐标系中,作y=3x2+2,y=﹣3x2﹣1,y=x2的图象,则它们()A.都是关于y轴对称B.顶点都在原点C.都是抛物线开口向上D.以上都不对【分析】从三个二次函数解析式看,它们都缺少一次项,即一次项系数为0,故对称轴x=0,对称轴为y轴.【解答】解:观察三个二次函数解析式可知,一次项系数都为0,故对称轴x=﹣=0,对称轴为y轴,都关于y轴对称.故选:A.【点评】本题考查了二次函数的图象的性质;用到的知识点为:二次函数的一次项系数为0,对称轴是y轴.5.y=3(x﹣1)2+2与y轴的交点坐标是()A.(0,2)B.(0,5)C.(2,0)D.(5,0)【分析】计算出自变量为0对应的函数值可得到抛物线与y轴的交点坐标.【解答】解:当x=0时,y=3(x﹣1)2+2=3(0﹣1)2+2=5,所以抛物线与y轴的交点坐标为(0,5).故选:B.【点评】本题考查了二次函数图象上点的坐标特征:二次函数图象上点的坐标满足其解析式.6.在学校运动会上,初三(5)班的运动员掷铅球,铅球的高y(m)与水平距离x(m)之间函数关系式为y=﹣0.2x2+1.6x+1.8,则此运动员的成绩是()A.10m B.4m C.5m D.9m【分析】铅球落地才能计算成绩,此时y=0,即y=﹣0.2x2+1.6x+1.8=0,解方程即可.在实际问题中,注意负值舍去.【解答】解:由题意可知,把y=0代入解析式得:y=﹣0.2x2+1.6x+1.8=0,解得x1=9,x2=﹣1(舍去),即该运动员的成绩是9米.故选:D.【点评】本题考查二次函数的实际应用,搞清楚铅球落地时,即y=0,测量运动员成绩,也就是求x的值,此题为数学建模题,借助二次函数解决实际问题.7.抛物线y=2(x﹣3)(x﹣5)的对称轴是直线()A.x=3B.x=5C.x=4D.x=8【分析】根据题目中的函数解析式,可以将该函数解析式化为顶点式,从而可以写出对称轴,本题得以解决.【解答】解:∵抛物线y=2(x﹣3)(x﹣5)=2x2﹣16x+30=2(x﹣4)2﹣2,∴该抛物线的对称轴是直线x=4,故选:C.【点评】本题考查二次函数的性质,解答本题的关键是明确题意,利用二次函数的性质解答.8.在同一坐标系中一次函数y=ax+b和二次函数y=ax2+bx的图象可能为()A.B.C.D.【分析】可先由一次函数y=ax+b图象得到字母系数的正负,再与二次函数y=ax2+bx的图象相比较看是否一致.【解答】解:A、由抛物线可知,a>0,x=﹣>0,得b<0,由直线可知,a>0,b <0,正确;B、由抛物线可知,a>0,由直线可知,a<0,错误;C、由抛物线可知,a<0,x=﹣>0,得b>0,由直线可知,a<0,b<0,错误;D、由抛物线可知,a<0,由直线可知,a>0,错误.故选:A.【点评】本题主要考查了二次函数的性质和一次函数的性质,做题时要注意数形结合思想的运用,同学们加强训练即可掌握,属于基础题.9.二次函数y=ax2+bx+c的图象如图所示,且P=|a﹣b+c|+|2a+b|,Q=|a+b+c|+|2a﹣b|,则P、Q的大小关系是()A.P>Q B.P<Q C.P=Q D.无法确定【分析】由函数图象可以得出a<0,b>0,c=0,当x=1时,y=a+b+c>0,x=﹣1时,y=a ﹣b+c<0,由对称轴得出2a+b>0,通过确定绝对值中的数的符号后去掉绝对值再化简就可以求出P、Q的值.【解答】解:∵抛物线的开口向下,∴a<0,∵﹣>0,∴b>0,∵﹣>1,∴b+2a>0,当x=1时,y=a+b+c>0,x=﹣1时,y=a﹣b+c<0.p=﹣a+b﹣c+2a+b=a+2b﹣c.Q=a+b+c+b﹣2a=﹣a+2b+c,∴Q﹣P=﹣2a+2c>0∴P<Q,故选:B.【点评】本题考查了二次函数的图象与系数的关系,去绝对值,二次函数的性质.10.已知如图在边长为2的正方形OABC中,直线m始终沿着与OB垂直的方向从点O平移到点B停止,速度是1,记直线m在正方形中扫过的区域面积为y,直线运动的时间为x,下列正确的反映y与x函数关系的图象是()A.B.C.D.【分析】根据题意可以求得AC的长,从而可以求得各段对应的函数解析式,进而得到相应的函数图象,本题得以解决.【解答】解:∵正方形OABC的边长为2,∴对角线AC的长为4,当直线m从开始运动到与AC重合的过程中,y=(0≤x≤2),当直线m从AC运动到过点B时,y=(2×2)﹣=8﹣(4﹣x)2=﹣(4﹣x)2+8故选:C.【点评】本题考查动点问题的函数图象,解答本题的关键是明确题意,利用二次函数的性质和数形结合的思想解答.二、填空题(本大题共4小题,共20分)11.二次函数y=x2+4x﹣1的最小值是﹣5.【分析】将二次函数y=x2+4x﹣1配方,即可得到最小值.【解答】解:y=x2+4x﹣1=x2+4x+4﹣5=(x+2)2﹣5,可见二次函数y=x2+4x﹣1的最小值是﹣5.故答案为:﹣5.【点评】此题考查了二次函数的最值,将一般式化为顶点式,即可直接得出二次函数的最小值.12.已知抛物线y=(x﹣1)2+1向右平移2个单位,再向上平移1个单位得到抛物线y=(x﹣3)2﹣2.【分析】先确定抛物线y=(x﹣1)2+1的顶点坐标为(1,1),再利用点平移的坐标变换规律,把点(1,1)平移后对应点的坐标为(3,2),然后根据顶点式写出平移后的抛物线解析式.【解答】解:抛物线y=(x﹣1)2+1的顶点坐标为(1,1),把点(1,1)向右平移2个单位,再向上平移1个单位得到对应点的坐标为(3,2),所以平移后的抛物线解析式为y=(x﹣3)2﹣2.故答案为y=(x﹣3)2﹣2.【点评】本题考查了二次函数图象与几何变换:由于抛物线平移后的形状不变,故a不变,所以求平移后的抛物线解析式通常可利用两种方法:一是求出原抛物线上任意两点平移后的坐标,利用待定系数法求出解析式;二是只考虑平移后的顶点坐标,即可求出解析式.13.若y=(m﹣1)x m2+2m﹣1是二次函数,则m的值是﹣3.【分析】直接利用二次函数的定义分析得出答案.【解答】解:∵y=(m﹣1)x m2+2m﹣1是二次函数,∴m2+2m﹣1=2,m﹣1≠0,解得:m1=1(舍去),m2=﹣3.故答案为:﹣3.【点评】此题主要考查了二次函数的定义,正确把握定义是解题关键.14.如图,已知点A1,A2,…,A2011在函数y=x2位于第二象限的图象上,点B1,B2,…,B2011在函数y=x2位于第一象限的图象上,点C1,C2,…,C2011在y轴的正半轴上,若四边形OA1C1B1、C1A2C2B2,…,C2010A2011C2011B2011都是正方形,则正方形C2010A2011C2011B2011的边长为2011.【分析】根据正方形对角线平分一组对角可得OB1与y轴的夹角为45°,然后表示出OB1的解析式,再与抛物线解析式联立求出点B1的坐标,然后求出OB1的长,再根据正方形的性质求出OC1,表示出C1B2的解析式,与抛物线联立求出B2的坐标,然后求出C1B2的长,再求出C1C2的长,然后表示出C2B3的解析式,与抛物线联立求出B3的坐标,然后求出C2B3的长,从而根据边长的变化规律解答即可.【解答】解:∵OA1C1B1是正方形,∴OB1与y轴的夹角为45°,∴OB1的解析式为y=x联立,解得或,∴点B1(1,1),OB1==,∵OA1C1B1是正方形,∴OC1=OB1=×=2,∵C1A2C2B2是正方形,∴C1B2的解析式为y=x+2,联立,解得,或,∴点B2(2,4),C1B2==2,∵C1A2C2B2是正方形,∴C1C2=C1B2=×2=4,∴C2B3的解析式为y=x+(4+2)=x+6,联立,解得,或,∴点B3(3,9),C2B3==3,…,依此类推,正方形C2010A2011C2011B2011的边长C2010B2011=2011.故答案为:2011.【点评】本题考查了二次函数的对称性,正方形的性质,表示出正方形的边长所在直线的解析式,与抛物线解析式联立求出正方形的顶点的坐标,从而求出边长是解题的关键.三、解答题(总分90)15.(8分)若二次函数图象经过点A(﹣1,0),B(3,0),C(0,5)三点,求该二次函数解析式.【分析】根据A与B坐标设出二次函数解析式,把C坐标代入计算即可求出解析式.【解答】解:设二次函数解析式为y=a(x+1)(x﹣3),把(0,5)代入得:﹣3a=5,解得:a=﹣,则二次函数解析式为y=﹣(x+1)(x﹣3)=﹣x2+x+5.【点评】此题考查了待定系数法求二次函数解析式,以及二次函数的图象与性质,熟练掌握待定系数法是解本题的关键.16.(8分)用配方法求出二次函数y=x2﹣x﹣1的顶点坐标.【分析】根据配方法可以将题目中的函数解析式化为顶点式,从而可以解答本题.【解答】解:∵二次函数y=x2﹣x﹣1=,∴该函数的顶点坐标是:(1,﹣).【点评】本题考查二次函数的性质,解答本题的关键是明确题意,利用二次函数的性质解答.17.(8分)若二次函数y=(m﹣1)x2+2x+1与x轴有交点,求m的取值范围.【分析】根据题意可以得到关于m的不等式组,从而可以求得m的取值范围,注意二次项系数m﹣1≠0.【解答】解:∵二次函数y=(m﹣1)x2+2x+1与x轴有交点,∴,解得,m≤2且m≠1,即m的取值范围是m≤2且m≠1.【点评】本题考查二次函数图象与系数的关系、抛物线与x轴的交点,解答本题的关键是明确题意,利用二次函数的性质和不等式的性质解答.18.(8分)(1)请在右图的坐标系中画出函数y=x2﹣2x的大致图象;(2)根据图象回答x取何值的时候,y≥0.【分析】(1)根据二次函数图象的画法画出图象;(2)根据二次函数图象可直接求得.【解答】解:(1)(2)由二次函数图象可得:当x≥2,或x≤0时,y≥0.【点评】本题考查了抛物线与x轴的交点,利用二次函数的性质解决问题是本题的关键.19.(10分)如图,有长为24米的篱笆,一面利用墙(墙的长度为10米)围成长方形养鸡场.试问:当长方形的长、宽各为多少米时,养鸡场的面积最大,最大面积是多少?【分析】根据题意表示出长方形的长与宽,进而得出y与x的函数关系,再利用二次函数增减性得出答案.【解答】解:由题意可得:BC=xm,AB=m,则y=x×=﹣x2+12x=﹣(x2﹣24x)=﹣(x﹣12)2+72,∵墙长为10m,∴0<x≤10,∵a=﹣,∴x<12时,y随x的增大而增大,m2),故当x=10m时,y最大=70(此时AB=CD=7m.答:当长方形的长为10m、宽为7m时,养鸡场的面积最大,最大面积是70m2.【点评】此题主要考查了二次函数的应用,利用二次函数增减性得出其最值是解题关键.20.(10分)已知二次函数y=﹣x2﹣2x+3的图象与x轴相交于A、B两点,与y轴交于C 点(如图所示),点D在二次函数的图象上,且D与C关于对称轴对称,一次函数的图象过点B、D;(1)求点D的坐标;(2)求一次函数的解析式;(3)根据图象写出使一次函数值大于二次函数值的x的取值范围.【分析】根据二次函数的特点求出点C的坐标,再根据对称轴为x=﹣1,由抛物线的对称性得到点D的坐标;根据一次函数的特点列出方程组求出解析式.【解答】解:(1)由y=﹣x2﹣2x+3得到C(0,3),而对称轴为x=﹣1,由抛物线的对称性知:D(﹣2,3);(2)设过点B(1,0)、D(﹣2,3)的一次函数为y=kx+b∴⇒,∴一次函数的解析式为:y=﹣x+1.(3)当x<﹣2或x>1时,一次函数值大于二次函数值.【点评】本题综合考查一次函数与二次函数的图象的特点.利用待定系数法求出解析式.21.(12分)某商家销售一款商品,进价每件80元,售价每件145元,每天销售40件,每销售一件需支付给商场管理费5元,未来一个月(按30天计算),这款商品将开展“每天降价1元”的促销活动,即从第一天开始每天的单价均比前一天降低1元,通过市场调查发现,该商品单价每降1元,每天销售量增加2件,设第x天(1≤x≤30且x为整数)的销售量为y件.(1)直接写出y与x的函数关系式;(2)设第x天的利润为w元,试求出w与x之间的函数关系式,并求出哪一天的利润最大?最大利润是多少元?【分析】(1)根据销量=原价的销量+增加的销量即可得到y与x的函数关系式;(2)根据每天售出的件数×每件盈利=利润即可得到的W与x之间的函数关系式,即可得出结论.【解答】解:(1)由题意可知y=2x+40;(2)根据题意可得:w=(145﹣x﹣80﹣5)(2x+40),=﹣2x2+80x+2400,=﹣2(x﹣20)2+3200,∵a=﹣2<0,∴函数有最大值,∴当x=20时,w有最大值为3200元,∴第20天的利润最大,最大利润是3200元.【点评】此题主要考查了二次函数的应用,此题找到关键描述语,找到等量关系准确的列出方程或函数关系式是解决问题的关键.22.(12分)数学活动课上,小君在平面直角坐标系中对二次函数图象的平移进行了研究.图①是二次函数y=(x﹣a)2+(a为常数)当a=﹣1、0、1、2时的图象.当a取不同值时,其图象构成一个“抛物线簇”.小君发现这些二次函数图象的顶点竟然在同一条直线上!(1)小君在图①中发现的“抛物线簇”的顶点所在直线的函数表达式为y=x;(2)如图②,当a=0时,二次函数图象上有一点P(2,4).将此二次函数图象沿着(1)中发现的直线平移,记二次函数图象的顶点O与点P的对应点分别为O1、P1.若点P1到x轴的距离为5,求平移后二次函数图象所对应的函数表达式.【分析】(1)根据题意得出抛物线的顶点坐标,根据待定系数法即可求得;(2)根据平移的规律得出点O1的坐标为(3,1)或(﹣27,﹣9),从而求得解析式.【解答】解:(1)∵当a=﹣1时,抛物线的顶点为(﹣1,﹣),当a=0时,抛物线的顶点为(0,0),∴设直线为y=kx,代入(﹣1,﹣)得,﹣=﹣k,解得k=,∴“抛物线簇”的顶点所在直线的函数表达式为y=x,故答案为y=x.(2)由题意得:点P1的纵坐标为5或﹣5,∴抛物线沿着直线向上平移了1个单位或向下平移了9个单位,∴此时点O1的纵坐标为1或﹣9,代入直线y=x求得横坐标为3或﹣27,∴点O1的坐标为(3,1)或(﹣27,﹣9),∴平移后的二次函数的表达式为y=(x﹣3)2+1或y=(x+27)2﹣9.【点评】本题考查了待定系数法求一次函数的解析式,二次函数的图象与几何变换,求得平移后O1的顶点坐标是解题的关键.23.(14分)如图,抛物线y=﹣x2+2x+3与x轴相交于A、B两点(点A在点B的左侧),与y轴相交于点C,顶点为D.(1)直接写出点A、B、C三点的坐标和抛物线的对称轴;(2)连接BC,与抛物线的对称轴交于点E,点P为线段BC上的一个动点,过点P作PF∥DE交抛物线于点F,设点P的横坐标为m.①用含m的代数式表示线段PF的长;②当m为何值时,四边形PEDF为平行四边形?③设△BCF的面积为S,求S与m的函数关系式,S是否有最大值?如果有,请求出;如果没有,说明理由.【分析】(1)已知了抛物线的解析式,当y=0时可求出A,B两点的坐标,当x=0时,可求出C点的坐标.根据对称轴x=﹣可得出对称轴的解析式.(2)①PF的长就是当x=m时,抛物线的值与直线BC所在一次函数的值的差.可先根据B,C的坐标求出BC所在直线的解析式,然后将m分别代入直线BC和抛物线的解析式中,得出两函数的值的差就是PF的长;②根据直线BC的解析式,可得出E点的坐标,根据抛物线的解析式可求出D点的坐标,然后根据坐标系中两点的距离公式,可求出DE的长,然后让PF=DE,即可求出此时m的值;③利用S=S△BPF +S△CPF,进而结合二次函数最值求法得出答案.【解答】解:(1)令y=0,则﹣x2+2x+3=﹣(x+1)(x﹣3)=0,解得x=﹣1或x=3,则A(﹣1,0),B(3,0).抛物线的对称轴是:直线x=1.令x=0,则y=0,则C(0,3).综上所述,A(﹣1,0),B(3,0),C(0,3),抛物线的对称轴是x=1;(2)①设直线BC的函数关系式为:y=kx+b.把B(3,0),C(0,3)分别代入得:,解得:.所以直线BC的函数关系式为:y=﹣x+3.当x=1时,y=﹣1+3=2,∴E(1,2).当x=m时,y=﹣m+3,∴P(m,﹣m+3).在y=﹣x2+2x+3中,当x=1时,y=4.∴D(1,4)当x=m时,y=﹣m2+2m+3,∴F(m,﹣m2+2m+3)∴线段DE=4﹣2=2,线段PF=﹣m2+2m+3﹣(﹣m+3)=﹣m2+3m;②∵PF∥DE,∴当PF=ED时,四边形PEDF为平行四边形,由﹣m2+3m=2,解得:m1=2,m2=1(不合题意,舍去),因此,当m=2时,四边形PEDF为平行四边形;③设直线PF与x轴交于点M,由B(3,0),O(0,0),可得:OB=OM+MB=3,∵S=S△BPF +S△CPF即S=PF•BM+PF•OM=PF•(BM+OM)=PF•OB,∴S=×3(﹣m2+3m)=﹣m2+m=﹣(m2﹣3m)=﹣(m﹣)2+(0≤m≤3),故m=时,S有最大值为:.【点评】本题主要考查了二次函数的综合应用以及平行四边形的判定与性质、待定系数法求一次函数解析式等知识,根据二次函数解析式得出相关点的坐标和对称轴的解析式是解题的基础.。
