2019年上海市中考真题合集 (4)
2019年上海市中考物理试卷(解析版)

2019年上海市中考物理试卷(解析版)学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 学号:________一、单选题(共8小题)1.一节干电池的电压为()A.1.5伏B.24伏C.36伏D.220伏2.下列粒子中,带正电的是()A.原子B.电子C.质子D.中子3.我们能分辨出鼓声和锣声,主要根据声音的()A.响度B.音色C.音调D.振幅4.首先发现电流周围存在磁场的科学家是()A.安培B.欧姆C.奥斯特D.伽利略5.四冲程柴油机在工作过程中,将内能转化为机械能的冲程是()A.吸气冲程B.压缩冲程C.做功冲程D.排气冲程6.质量相同的两金属块,吸收相同的热量,升高的温度不同,则()A.升高温度较大的金属块比热容一定大B.升高温度较大的金属块比热容一定小C.温度高的金属块比热容一定大D.温度高的金属块比热容一定小7.甲、乙两车从相距20米的A、B两点同时相向做匀速直线运动,两车的s﹣t图象分别如图(a)、(b)所示,速度分别为v甲、v乙.经过时间t后,两车相距10米。
则()A.v甲<v乙,t一定为10秒B.v甲<v乙,t可能为30秒C.v甲=v乙,t可能为10秒D.v甲=v乙,t可能为30秒8.如图所示,长方体物块甲、乙置于水平地面上,物块和地面的接触面积分别为S、S'(S<S'),对地面的压强相等。
将甲、乙均顺时针旋转90°,此时甲、乙和地面的接触面积分别为S'、S,对地面的压强分别为p甲、p乙.此过程中,甲、乙对地面的压强变化量大小分别为△p甲、△p乙,则()A.p甲<p乙,△p甲=△p乙B.p甲>p乙,△p甲=△p乙C.p甲>p乙,△p甲>△p乙D.p甲<p乙,△p甲<△p乙二、填空题(共7小题)9.教室里的电灯是连接的(选填“串联”或“并联”),工作时将能转化为其他形式的能;标有“220V 100W”字样的电灯正常工作8小时,耗电度。
上海市2019年中考语文试题(Word版,含答案)

上海市初中毕业统一学业考试语文试卷1. 默写(1)空山新雨后,______。
(王维《山居秋暝》)(2)_______,草色入帘青。
(刘禹锡《陋室铭》)(3)青山绿水,______。
(白朴《天净沙·秋》)(4)_______,不耻下问,是以谓之文也。
(《孔孟论学》)(5)月上柳梢头,______。
(欧阳修《生查子·元夕》)【答案】(1). 天气晚来秋(2). 苔痕上阶绿(3). 白草红叶黄花(4). 敏而好学(5). 人约黄昏后【解析】这是考查学生默写古诗的能力。
复习古诗名句,首先是要熟练背诵古诗名篇和名句;其次是要字字落实,默写中不能出现错别字、更不能丢字添字。
默写时,要注意“苔、痕”几个易错的字形。
写完之后,要重新读一下诗句,看有没有张冠李戴的现象发生。
阅读下面的诗,完成后面小题饮湖上初晴后雨水光潋滟晴方好,山色空蒙雨亦奇。
欲把西湖比西子,淡妆浓抹总相宜。
2. 这首诗的作者苏轼,号___居士。
3. 下列对这首诗内容的理解,正确的一项是()A. “潋滟”意为波涛汹涌,写出雨后水量充沛。
B. “空蒙”即朦胧,暗示作者饮酒后醉眼朦胧。
C. 一、二句赞美了不同天气情况下的西湖美景。
D. 三、四句写出淡妆浓抹的西施没有西湖美丽。
【答案】2. 东坡 3. C【解析】2. 本题考查学生文学常识的把握,文学常识正误的判断点是:作者名、称谓、生活时代、作品名、体裁、书中人物、主要情节、作品主题及风格、流派等。
回顾所读文章的相关情节,根据问题作答即可。
苏轼,字子瞻,又字和仲,号铁冠道人、东坡居士,世称苏东坡、苏仙。
3. 此题考查理解诗词内容要点、鉴赏古代诗歌作品语言的能力。
A项对“潋滟”的理解错误,潋滟:形容水波流动,并非“波涛汹涌”;“雨后水量充沛”理解错误,应是:晴天,西湖水波荡漾,在阳光照耀下,光彩熠熠。
B项理解错误,“空蒙”意思是:在雨幕笼罩下,西湖周围的群山,迷迷茫茫,若有若无,非常奇妙。
2019年上海市中考物理真题试卷(含答案)

2019年上海市中考物理试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(共16分)下列各题均只有一个正确选项,请将正确选项的代号用2B铅笔填涂在答题纸的相应位置.更改答案时,用橡皮擦去,重新填涂.1.[2019上海]一节新干电池的电压为()A.1.5伏B.24伏C.110伏D.220伏A【解析】一节新干电池的电压为1.5V,故BCD错误、A正确。
故选:A。
2.[2019上海]听音能辨人,主要是依据不同人的讲话声具有不同的()A.响度B.音调C.音色D.振幅C【解析】因为每个人的声带结构不同,所以发出声音的音色就会不同,所以我们可以通过音色辨别是谁,故C正确,ABD错误。
故选:C。
3.[2019上海]首先发现电流磁效应的物理学家是()A.牛顿B.欧姆C.安培D.奥斯特D【解析】A.牛顿是英国伟大的物理学家,在力学、光学等领域取得了卓著的成就。
不符合题意;B.欧姆是德国物理学家,发现了电流与电压、电阻的关系﹣﹣欧姆定律。
不符合题意;C.安培是英国著名的物理学家,发现了电磁感应现象。
不符合题意;D.1820年,丹麦物理学家奥斯特发现了通电导体周围存在磁场,是第一个发现电流磁效应的科学家。
符合题意。
故选:D。
4.[2019上海]原子核中带正电的粒子是()A.原子B.质子C.中子D.电子B【解析】根据原子结构的相关知识可知,原子是由带正电的原子核和带负电的核外电子构成的,整个原子不显电性;原子核又是由带正电的质子和不带电的中子构成的,所以在原子核中带正电的微粒是质子。
故选:B。
5.[2019上海]四冲程柴油机在工作过程中,将内能转化为机械能的冲程是()A.吸气冲程B.压缩冲程C.做功冲程D.排气冲程C【解析】四冲程柴油机在做功冲程中,高温高压燃气推动活塞做功,将内能转化为机械能,故C正确。
故选:C。
6.[2019上海]两个质量相同的不同物质,吸收相同的热量,下列说法中正确的是()A.比热容大的物质升高温度较小B.比热容小的物质升高温度较小C.比热容大的物质升高温度较大D.升高温度相同,与比热容大小无关A【解析】根据Q=cm△t知,相同质量的不同物质,吸收相同的热量,比热容大的温度升高小,故A正确。
2019年中考语文试题(word版,有答案)

2019年上海中考语文试卷(满分150分,考试时间100分钟)一、文言文(40分)(一)默写(15分)1. 蜂蝶纷纷过墙去,。
(《雨晴》)2. ,若出其里。
(《观沧海》)3. 故天将降大任于是人也,,劳其筋骨……(《生于忧患,死于安乐》)4. 人生自古谁无死,。
(《过零丁洋》)5. ,落英缤纷……(《桃花源记》)(二)阅读下面的诗,完成第6-7题(4分)卖炭翁(节选)白居易卖炭翁,伐薪烧炭南山中。
满面尘灰烟火色,两鬓苍苍十指黑。
卖炭得钱何所营?身上衣裳口中食。
可怜身上衣正单,心忧炭贱愿天寒。
6. 卖炭翁“卖炭”是为了换得和。
(2分)7. 下列对诗歌内容理解正确的一项是()(2分)A.“伐薪烧炭”强调了卖炭翁劳动生活十分艰辛。
B.“何所营”交代了卖炭翁穷困不堪的生活状况。
C.“可怜”表现了作者对卖炭翁艰难处境的同情。
D.“愿天寒”突出了卖炭翁不怕天寒地冻的精神。
(三)阅读下文,完成第8-10题(9分)捕蛇者说(节选)①永州之野产异蛇,黑质而白章;触草木,尽死;以啮人,无御之者。
然得而腊之以为饵,可以已大风、挛踠、瘘疠,去死肌,杀三虫。
其始,太医以王命聚之,岁赋其二,募有能捕之者,当其租入。
永之人争奔走焉。
②有蒋氏者,专其利三世矣。
问之,则曰:“吾祖死于是,吾父死于是。
今吾嗣为之十二年,几死者数矣。
”言之貌若甚戚者。
③余悲之,且曰:“若毒之乎?余将告于莅事者,更若役,复若赋,则如何?”8. 本文作者是“唐宋八大家”之一的。
(2分)9. 用现代汉语翻译下面句子。
(3分)太医以王命聚之。
9. 下列对内容理解错误的一项是()(4分)A.标题的意思是用捕蛇者的故事说明道理。
B.第①段讲述了永州百姓争相捕蛇的缘由。
C.第②段讲述了蒋氏单带捕蛇的悲惨遭遇。
D.第三段讲作者因悲伤就更换了蒋氏之役。
(四)阅读下文,完成第11—13题(12分)楚人谓虎为老虫,姑苏人谓鼠为老虫。
余官长洲,以事至娄东,宿邮馆①④,灭烛就寝,忽碗碟砉然②有声。
2019年上海市中考英语试卷(解析版)

2019年上海市中考英语试卷(解析版)学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 学号:________ 一、听力题(共11小题)1.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)2.A.A sportsman.B.A student.C.A teacher.D.A doctor3.A.History.B.Physics.C.Maths.D.Chemistry4.A.Ten years agoB.Ten months ago.C.Two years ago.D.Two months ago5.A.To give some lecturesB.To meet new friends.C.To complete his work.D.To improve his memory.6.A.By getting books.B.By moving the shelf.C.By picking flowers.D.By watching the door.7.A.At the restaurant.B.In the kitchen.C.At the supermarket.D.In the garden.8.A.The Internet.B.The subjects.C.The price.D.The levels.9.A.He's afraid his son will fall asleep in writing lessons.B.He thinks the programmes will take too much time.C.He's glad that reading before sleep is his son's habit.D.He believes after﹣school lessons are necessary to attend.10.(1)There was a fence between Charlie's garden and the neighbour's(2)The football hit the cat heavily and it made a loud sound.(3)The whole flower pot was broken into pieces by the football.(4)Charlie climbed over the wall to the neighbour's garden to get his football.(5)Charlie put the broken pieces into his pocket before he left the garden.(6)From the story,we know that Charlie finally chose to be honest.11.(1)Bob thinks that dropping a little piece of plastic is not a.(2)Rubbish will hurt the environment and from the park's natural beauty..(3)Bob has seen lots of litter in some of the neighbourhoods.(4)The public place wouldif everyone dropped rubbish there.(5)On Bob and Jessie's way home,they'll walk past a rubbish bin near the.二、单选题(共20小题)12.Which of the following words is pronounced /pri'vent/?()A.present B.pretend C.prevent D.pleased13.Emma,an actress,has become a superstar because of _____ hard work and talent.()A.she B.her C.hers D.herself14.We communicate____ each other in many ways,such as by e﹣mail or by phone.()A.on B.through C.in D.with15.I couldn't get much______ of the exhibition of clean﹣energy products from the website.()A.news B.photosC.posters D.advertisements16._______ beautifully little Simon dances in front of the camera!()A.What B.What a C.How D.How a17.David's responses were______ than anyone else's and he won the competition.()A.quick B.quickerC.quickest D.the quickest18.Look!They ______ about the solution to the network problems again.()A.argue B.are arguingC.argued D.were arguing19.The host told a joke at the party and made the guests______ a lot.()A.laugh B.laughing C.to laugh D.laughed20.Would you mind _____ care of my pet fish while I'm away on holiday?()A.take B.taken C.to take D.taking21.By the end of last month,Jane_____ enough money for the poor sick boy.()A.raised B.would raiseC.had raised D.has raised22.Frank held his breath______ the water to search for his ring in the swimming pool.()A.at B.by C.over D.under23.Worries in life _____ if you speak out to your close friend.()A.will reduce B.were reducingC.will be reduced D.were reduced24.According to the rule,used batteries _______ be dropped in the red bin for harmful wastes.()A.must B.need C.can D.may25.Benjamin has learned that it is not polite to make _____ fun of others.()A.a B.an C.the D./26.The New Year Concert was so amazing that_____ left in the middle of it.()A.everybody B.anybody C.nobody D.somebody27.There was something wrong with my car,_____ I went to work by underground.()A.for B.so C.or D.but28.______ the journey was tiring,Jeff thought it was worth both the time and the money.()A.As B.Since C.Unless D.Although29.The climbers made a fire during the night in order to be _______ in the mountain.()A.safe B.safely C.save D.safety30.﹣There is an oil painting show of the city development.Shall we go for it tomorrow?﹣_________()A.It doesn't matter.B.Great idea.C.Not at all.D.My31.﹣________________.﹣Come on!Just give it a try.()A.I'm afraid I can't ride the bike.B.I'm sorry for breaking the window.C.I'm glad to win first place.D.I'm sure it's bad for your eyes.三、词汇应用(共10小题)32.A.modern B.manage C.delicious D.control E.compareTechnology plays an important part in our daily life now.Yet not many of us will realize how much we rely on it until we(1)our lives to those in the past.There was no(2)technology at that time,yet the items that people had were quite enough for them to live their lives.Without necessary cooking tools,the people could still(3)to make their food as nice as our food today.Animal parts were thrown away if they were not(4)Others were cooked over the fire.However,everything they used was taken from the forests around them.33.A.seldom B.methods C.nowadays D.oceans E.almostWithout the television set,the radio and more importantly,the computer,we will(1)have any fun in our homes today.However,the people in the past had their own clever(2)of enjoying themselves.For example,they made music without the use of computers but with tools made from wood and animal skin.Travel was simple at that time.Most of the people were excellent boat makers and they could make boats in a variety of shapes and sizes for travelling along the rivers and in the(3).With increased skills and experience,the people learnt how to make the boats stronger against rains and storms.Some things are basic for us(4),but the people in the past could live the lives to the full even without them.We should not look down on the wisdom of people long ago.34.Mr.Smith bought three of local snacks for the exchange students.(box)35.On the page of the book,there is an encouraging story.(eight)36.Don't easily follow a fashion.Being is the best rule.(you)37.Online libraries are used for learning in the information age.(wide)38.Finally,Jack achieved his goal and became the of a company.(own)39.The main purpose of the charity project is to offer help to people.(home)40.When Andy was about his lost smart phone,his friend gave him a big hug.(happy)41.Hard work pays off.I believe you will your dream school.(entrance)四、句型变换(共7小题)42.Lucy practices the violin in the club on Friday afternoons.(改为否定句)Lucy doesn't practice the violin in the club on Friday afternoons.43.My sister will take part in the Chinese poem contest in a few days.(对划线部分提问)How soon will your sister take part in the Chinese poem contest?44.The government is taking action to improve air quality.(保持句意不变)The government is taking action to air quality.45.I have no idea how I can operate the new washing machine.(改为简单句)I have no idea how to operate the new washing machine.46.The scientists released the picture of a black hole to the world on April 10.(改为被动语态)The picture of a black hole was released to the world by the scientists on April 10.47."Are you free to come to my place this Saturday?"Aaron asked me.(改为间接引语)Aaron asked me I free to go to his place that Saturday.48.their future,learn,teenagers,by themselves,to plan,should(连词成句)五、阅读理解(共1小题)49.Fairs & Festivals 集市与节日This summer from June to August,there is something to celebrate in Colorado,USA:the arts,culture,food,and music.Because of that,families always havea fair or festival to attend,with fun for all ages.We've made a list of some of themost popular,by month.June 6﹣20 2019Dragon Boat FestivalLean about ChineseCulture in Coloradothrough dragon boat races,performances and vendors of Chinese specialties (rice dumplings,silk clothes and chopsticks).cdbf﹣org June 25﹣28,2019Fun FairEnjoyunlimitedrides,livemusic,fireworks,traditionalactivities,andfarmAug.3﹣4,2019Culture FestivalTake part in and observetraditional British games,hear music,and trytraditional foods.britishgames.organimals.Funfair.comJuly 31﹣Aug.4,2019 Kids' FairHear music,play with farm animals,and enjoy activities for kids.Kidsfair.org Aug.15﹣18,2019Fruit FestivalTry something fruity (eating& learning to cook with fruits).fruitfest.com(1)The fairs and festivals take place inA.USAB.ChinaC.BritainD.ltaly(2)The underlined word " Vendors"in the list means"people who.A.cook foodsB.sell thingsC.make clothesD.give performances(3)If you want to play with animals in June,you may go to.A.Dragon Boat FestivalB.Kids'FairC.Fruit FestivalD.Fun Fair(4)In the Fruit Festival,you may learn to.A.pick up fruitsB.grow fruit treesC.make fruit jamsD.store fruits(5)Local people who are interested in foreign culture can visit for further information.A.fruitfest.comB.kidsfair.orgC.funfair.comD.britishgames.org(6)The list above is aimed at.A.giving introductions of companiesB.providing information on activityC.offering resources for job huntingD.helping schools to organize六、完形填空(共1小题)50.This month,we had the honor of interviewing and six local change﹣makers aged from 11 to 17.These weren'tstopped by their age or size or lack of resources ,they saw a(1)in the world around them and to step help where they could.They support female soldiers raise money through their efforts,teach other kids about life lessons,and use their free time to(2)the old trees we love so dearly in the community.Each of them had adults in their lives encouraging and supporting their work.We were also honored to interview a famous writer for his new book,Start Now!You can Be a Change﹣maker.The book explains some of the world's big problems﹣hunger,health and animals in danger﹣in a way that young children can understand.The book shows them,through other kids' stories,how they can make a (3),too.In our interview with the writer,he shares that each time his children take a small action,such as recycling,he talks with them.He uses the moment to discuss how small changes can achieve a great effect.It's a step any of us can take to help children realize how(4)they are.At this time of year,we often hear lots of questions from parents.The most one is,"What volunteer chances are there for young children under 16?"The kids in the interview and in the book show us that parents don't have to find an organized event for their kids to take part in.They can create their own chances.As parents,teachers,aunts,uncles,and friends,it's our job to (5)for what speaks to a child's heart,help the man to take that first step,and watch what their little hands can do.Start now,and you can raise a change﹣maker.Editor of PARENTS Magazine (1)A.sign B.need C.reason D.change(2)A.worry about B.climb up C.care for D.cut down(3)A.plan B.mistake C.decision D.difference(4)A.powerful B.generous C.happy D.confident(5)A.listen B.pay C.wait D.leave七、阅读表达(共2小题)51.Paul was my little brother,and he was special.He was different from me because he sat in a wheelchair,andhe was blind.Lots of times when we walked with Paul,other kids came over and asked us why he was in his chair and why he couldn't s(1).They thought he was different because he had his own school bus and had to go to a special school.But that's not really the reason.Paul was different for the things just our family knew about,only we knew the s(2)that made him special.Paul helped me hear small sounds.Every time I was with him,I'd have to be q(3)to hear the flying birds and the talking trees he heard.Paul helped me exercise.When we went for a walk,we'd often go uphill.When I pushed his chair all the way to the woods at the t(4),I was really getting my exercise!Paul h(5)ever complained.He went along with whatever the rest of us wanted to do.One time when he had a fever,he got uncomfortable,but he never shouted or fought or asked me to switch the TV channel.Sometimes Paul let me put things in his hand.We played a kind of guessing game.I put different toys there for him to f(6).He was always surprised when I let him hold something new.Paul was my friend.He couldn't talk to me like most of my friends,and he couldn't run outside to play.But he wast here for all the peaceful times,and he had the best smile in the world.I was l(7)to grow up with him as his sister.He helped me to realize that there is a good side to everysituation,if we simply make the choice to find it.52.Ms.Lauren,a school head teacher,has asked the students to put down notes of what they have learned basedon their own experiences.Here is some of what she's got.(1)Katie probably tried dog food when there was nothing in the fridge,didn't she?(2)Why doesn't Sally ask Dad for help with a maths problem?﹣(3)Read Sally's and Jackie's notes.What kind of people won't she/he be friends with?(4)What is Jackie and Alex's attitude towards telling lies?(5)Whom do all four kids mention in their notes?(6)What will Ms.Lauren possibly do with the notes?Why?八、书面表达(共1小题)53.Write at least 60 words according to the given information(根据以下材料,写一篇不少于60个词的短文,标点符号不占格)以下是几位同学在以貌取人、盲从朋友、看待谎言、抉择人生等方面的感悟.请从中选择你比较有感触的一条,可结合自己的经历,谈谈你的体会.☀Don't judge people by their looks.Someone could be bad﹣looking and still be nice.﹣Katie❤When your friends do something stupid,you don't have to follow.﹣Jackie✪Don't tell a teacher your dog ate your homework,especially if you don't have a dog.﹣Alex✈Life is like a"choose your own ending"book﹣you can take whatever adventures you want.﹣Sally(注意:1.先将你选择的一条感悟抄写在答题纸带有引号的横线上.........................2.短文中不得出现考生姓名..................)...........、校名及其它相关信息,否则不予评分.________________.2019年上海市中考英语试卷(解析版)参考答案一、听力题(共11小题)1.【分析】略【解答】BEAHGC【知识点】听录音选图2.【分析】略【解答】 D【知识点】情景反应3.【分析】略【解答】 A【知识点】情景反应4.【分析】略【解答】 C【知识点】情景反应5.【分析】略【解答】 D【知识点】情景反应6.【分析】略【解答】 A【知识点】情景反应7.【分析】略【解答】 B【知识点】情景反应8.【分析】略【解答】 C【知识点】情景反应9.【分析】略【解答】 B【知识点】情景反应10.【分析】略【解答】TFFFTT【知识点】短文理解11.【分析】略【解答】big deal;take away;around town;be dirty;bus stop【知识点】短文理解二、单选题(共20小题)12.【分析】下面哪个单词发/pri'vent/?【解答】四个单词的音标分别是:/prɪˈzent/,/prɪ'tend/,/prɪ'vent/,/pliːzd/ 可知C 划线部分发音与所给音标一样.故选:C.【知识点】语音13.【分析】艾玛,一个女演员,因为她的努力工作和天赋,已经成为一个巨星.【解答】she她,主格;her她的,形容词性物主代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词;herself她自己.根据意思:艾玛,一个女演员,因为她的努力工作和天赋,已经成为一个巨星.hard work and talent 是名词,故用形容词性物主代词.故选:B.【知识点】物主代词14.【分析】我们在许多方面互相交流,例如通过电子邮件或电话.【解答】根据句意:我们在许多方面互相交流,例如通过电子邮件或电话.考查句型communicate with 和…交流,固定搭配.故选:D.【知识点】常用介词的辨析15.【分析】网站上没有太多关于清洁能源产品展览的新闻.【解答】news新闻,不可数名词;photo照片;poster海报;advertisements广告;根据much后面加不可数名词.根据意思:网站上没有太多关于清洁能源产品展览的新闻.故选:A.【知识点】名词的词义辨析16.【分析】小西蒙在镜头前跳舞多美啊!【解答】分析句子结构可知考查感叹句,在感叹句中,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词/副词,根据beautifully little Simon dances 可知句型结构为::How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语动词!beautifully 副词,美丽地,主语little Simon,谓语dances.故选:C.【知识点】感叹句17.【分析】大卫的反应比任何人都快,他赢得了比赛.【解答】根据than anyone else's 可知用形容词的比较级,句意:大卫的反应比任何人都快,他赢得了比赛.故选:B.【知识点】形容词的比较级和最高级18.【分析】看!他们又在争论解决网络问题的办法.【解答】根据Look!结合语境用现在进行时,am/is/are +现在分词,句意:看!他们又在争论解决网络问题的办法.故选:B.【知识点】现在进行时19.【分析】主人在晚会上讲了一个笑话,使客人们大笑不已.【解答】根据句意:主人在晚会上讲了一个笑话,使客人们大笑不已.考查句型make sb do sth使某人做某事.故选:A.【知识点】动词的固定搭配20.【分析】我外出度假时,你介意照看我的宠物鱼吗?【解答】根据句意:我外出度假时,你介意照看我的宠物鱼吗?考查句型mind doing sth介意做某事.故选:D.【知识点】动名词21.【分析】到上个月底,Jane已经为那个可怜的生病的男孩筹集了足够的钱.【解答】根据句意:到上个月底,Jane已经为那个可怜的生病的男孩筹集了足够的钱.可知此处动作是指"过去的过去",用过去完成时had+过去分词.故选:C.【知识点】过去完成时22.【分析】弗兰克在游泳池水下屏住呼吸寻找他的戒指.【解答】根据句意:弗兰克在游泳池水下屏住呼吸寻找他的戒指.可知此处是指水下,用under.故选:D.【知识点】方位介词23.【分析】如果你向你的密友倾诉,生活的烦恼将会被减少.【解答】根据句意:如果你向你的密友倾诉,生活的烦恼将会被减少.考查动词语态辨析.if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时,主句用will+动词原形.主语是动作的承受者,需用被动语态will be+动词过去分词.故选:C.【知识点】一般将来时的被动语态24.【分析】根据规定,用过的电池必须放在红色的箱子里,以防产生有害废物.【解答】考查情态动词辨析,A.must 必须B.need需要C.can能,会D.may可以,可能;根据be dropped in the red bin for harmful wastes,结合选项可知句意:根据规定,用过的电池必须放在红色的箱子里,以防产生有害废物.故选:A.【知识点】情态动词25.【分析】本杰明知道取笑别人是不礼貌的.【解答】根据意思:本杰明知道取笑别人是不礼貌的.make fun of sb 取笑某人.故选:D.【知识点】零冠词26.【分析】新年音乐会太精彩了,没有人在音乐会中间离开.【解答】everybody每个人;anybody任何人;nobody没有人;somebody某人,根据意思:新年音乐会太精彩了,没有人在音乐会中间离开.故选:C.【知识点】不定代词27.【分析】我的车出毛病了,所以我坐地铁去上班了.【解答】考查连词辨析,A.for 因为,由于B.因此,所以C.or 或者,否者D.but但是,分析句子可知前一句是原因,后一句是结果,因此用连词so,句意:我的车出毛病了,所以我坐地铁去上班了.故选:B.【知识点】连词辨析28.【分析】虽然旅途太累人了,但是杰夫认为这是值得时间和金钱.【解答】根据句意:虽然旅途太累人了,但是杰夫认为这是值得时间和金钱.结合选项,A.作为B.自从C.除非D.虽然,选项D符合题意.故选:D.【知识点】从属连词29.【分析】为了在大山里安全,登山者们在夜间生火.【解答】be动词之后跟形容词,B,C,D选项都不是形容词,排除,句意:为了在大山里安全,登山者们在夜间生火.故选:A.【知识点】词根词缀30.【分析】有一场城市发展的油画展.我们明天去好吗?好主意.【解答】考查情境对话.A.It doesn't matter没关系.B.Great idea好主意.C.Not at all.不客气;D.My我的.根据Shall we go for it tomorrow?可知应说好主意.故选:B.【知识点】情境对话31.【分析】恐怕我不会骑自行车.来吧!试试吧.【解答】考查情境对话.A.I'm afraid I can't ride the bike.恐怕我不会骑自行车.B.I'm sorry for breaking the window.我很抱歉打破了窗子.C.I'm glad to win first place.我很高兴得了第一名.D.I'm sure it's bad for your eyes.我肯定它对你的眼睛有害.根据Come on!Just give it a try.可知应说恐怕我不会骑自行车.故选:A.【知识点】情境对话三、词汇应用(共10小题)32.【分析】短文大意:技术在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用.然而,在我们把生活同以前比较前,没有多少人会意识到我们有多依赖它.那时没有现代的技术,但是人们拥有的物品足以让他们生活.没有必要的烹饪工具,人们仍然可以设法使他们的食物和我们的食物一样美味.如果不好吃的话,动物的一些部分就被扔掉了.其他部分就在火上烹饪.【解答】1.E 考查动词,根据…our lives to those in the past可知短语compare…to…把……比作……根据上下文用一般现在时,句意:然而,在我们把生活同以前比较前,没有多少人会意识到我们有多依赖它.故选E2.A 考查形容词,根据There was no…technology 可知填形容词修饰名词,结合选项可知句意:那时没有现代的技术.modern现代的,故选A3.B 考查动词,根据…to make their food ,结合选项可知句意:人们仍然可以设法使他们的食物和我们的食物一样美味.manage to do sth设法做某事,情态动词could后跟动词原形,故选B4.C 考查形容词,根据Animal parts were thrown away ,结合选项可知句意:如果不好吃的话,动物的一些部分就被扔掉了.delicious美味的,故选C【知识点】选词填空33.【分析】大意:过去的人们有他们自己的聪明方法来享受他们的生活.如用木头和动物皮做的工具来制作音乐,制造出各种形状和尺寸的船只,沿着河流和海洋航行.【解答】1.A 考查副词,根据Without the television set…,we will…have any fun 结合选项可知句意:我们今天在家里很少有乐趣.seldom副词,很少,几乎没有,故选A2.B 考查名词,根据the people in the past had their own clever…of enjoying themselves可知填名词,结合选项可知句意:过去的人们有他们自己的聪明方法来享受他们的生活.method方法,故选B3.D 考查名词,根据along the rivers and in the…,结合选项可知句意:们可以制造出各种形状和尺寸的船只,沿着河流和海洋航行.ocean海洋,故选D4.C 考查副词,根据but the people in the past could live the lives to the full even without them.,结合选项可知句意:现在有些东西对我们来说是基本的.nowadays副词,如今,现在,故选C 【知识点】选词填空34.【分析】史密斯先生给交换生买了三盒当地的甜点.【解答】根据空格前面的词语是three,所以要用复数名词来填空.根据给出的单词提示,因此可知这句话的意思是"史密斯先生给交换生买了三盒当地的甜点."box名词,盒子.故填boxes.【知识点】单词填空35.【分析】在这本书的第八页,有一个励志故事.【解答】根据"On the______ page of the book"因此可知要用序数词来填空.给出的单词提示,因此可知这句话的意思是"在这本书的第八页,有一个励志故事."eight数词,八.故填eighth.【知识点】单词填空36.【分析】不要很容易地跟随时尚,做你自己就是最好的法则.【解答】根据空格前面的词语是being,所以要用反身代词来填空.结合给出的单词提示,因此可知这句话的意思是"不要很容易地跟随时尚,做你自己就是最好的法则."you代词,你.故填yourself.【知识点】单词填空37.【分析】在信息时代在线图书馆被广泛用来学习.【解答】根据空格后面的词语是used,所以要用副词来修饰动词,结合给出的单词提示,因此可知这句话的意思是"在信息时代在线图书馆被广泛用来学习."wide形容词,宽的.故填widely.【知识点】单词填空38.【分析】最后,杰克实现了自己的目标,成为一个公司的领导人.【解答】根据空格前面的词语是定冠词the,所以要用名词来填空,结合给出的单词提示,因此可知这句话的意思是"最后,杰克实现了自己的目标,成为一个公司的领导人."own动词,拥有.故填owner.【知识点】单词填空39.【分析】这个慈善工程的主要目的是给无家可归的人提供帮助.【解答】根据空格后面的词语是名词,所以要用形容词来填空,结合给出的单词提示,因此可知这句话的意思是"这个慈善工程的主要目的是给无家可归的人提供帮助."home名词,家.故填homeless.【知识点】单词填空40.【分析】当安迪因为丢了智能手机不高兴的时候,他的朋友使劲拥抱了他.【解答】根据空格前面的词语是系动词,所以要用形容词来填空,结合给出的单词提示,因此可知这句话的意思是"当安迪因为丢了智能手机不高兴的时候,他的朋友使劲拥抱了他."happy形容词,高兴的.故填unhappy.【知识点】单词填空41.【分析】努力学习就会有回报.我相信你将会进入你梦想的学校的.【解答】根据空格前面的词语是will,所以要用动词原形来填空,将会给出的单词提示,因此可知这句话的意思是"努力学习就会有回报.我相信你将会进入你梦想的学校的."entrance名词,入口.故填enter.【知识点】单词填空四、句型变换(共7小题)42.【分析】﹣﹣露西周五下午在俱乐部练习小提琴.﹣﹣露西周五下午没有在俱乐部练习小提琴.【解答】原句是一般现在时,其否定句在三人称单数动词practices 前加doesn't,practices 还原成原形practice故答案是doesn't practice【知识点】句型转换43.【分析】﹣﹣我妹妹几天后将参加中国诗歌比赛.﹣﹣妹妹多久之后将参加中国诗歌比赛?【解答】根据划线部分in a few days可知用疑问词how soon还要多久,原句是一般将来时,疑问词后跟will.故答案是How soon.【知识点】句型转换44.【分析】﹣﹣政府正在采取措施改善空气质量.﹣﹣政府正在采取措施使空气质量更好.【解答】根据improve air quality可知同义句用make +名词+形容词,improve air quality=make air quality better使空气质量更好,动词不定式符号to后跟动词原形故答案是make,better【知识点】句型转换45.【分析】﹣﹣我不知道怎么操作这台新洗衣机.﹣﹣我不知道怎么操作这台新洗衣机.【解答】原句是含宾语从句的复合句,根据I have no idea how I can operate 可知转换成疑问词+动词不定式,故答案是how to【知识点】句型转换46.【分析】﹣﹣科学家们于4月4日向世界公布了一张黑洞的照片.﹣﹣一张黑洞的照片于4月4日由科学家向世界公布了.【解答】根据The scientists released 可知用一般过去时的被动语态,由was/were+过去分词构成,故答案是was released.【知识点】句型转换47.【分析】﹣﹣"这个星期六你有空来我的地方吗?"亚伦问我.﹣﹣亚伦问我那个星期六我是否有空去他的地方.【解答】直接引语是一般疑问句,所以用连词if或者whether,主句Aaron asked me是一般过去时,所以宾语从句用一般过去时,主语I,be动词用was,语序用陈述句语序故答案是if/whether,was.【知识点】句型转换48.【分析】Teenagers should learn to plan their future by themselves.青少年应该学会自己规划他们的未来.【解答】首先结合提示词和标点符合明确所要组合的句子是一个肯定句,组合成的句子的句意是"青少年应该学会自己规划他们的未来.",句子含有情态动词should,后面跟动词原形,learn to do sth 学会做某事,plan their future by themselves自己规划他们的未来故答案为:Teenagers should learn to plan their future by themselves.【知识点】连词成句五、阅读理解(共1小题)49.【分析】本文是一篇广告布告类阅读,主要介绍了6月到8月美国Colorado的集市与节日.【解答】(1)A.细节理解题,根据原文This summer from June to August,there is something to celebratein Colorado,USA:the arts,culture,food,and music.这个夏天的6月到8月,在美国的Colorado 有一些事情要庆祝,艺术,文化,食物和音乐.Because of that,families always have a fair or festival to attend,with fun for all ages,因为那个,家家户户总是有集市或者节日要参加,每个年龄段都可以参加.可知集市或者节日发生在美国.故答案为A.(2)B 猜测词意题,根据原文through dragon boat races,performances and vendors of Chinesespecialties (rice dumplings,silk clothes and chopsticks).通过龙舟赛,表演和中国特色的卖家(粽子,丝绸衣服和筷子).可知vendors意思就是卖东西的人.故答案为B.(3)D 细节理解题,根据原文Fun Fair中提到,Enjoy unlimited rides,live music,fireworks,traditional activities,and farm animals.享受无限制的骑行,现场音乐,烟花,传统活动和农场动物.可知要看农场动物,要去Fun Fair,故答案为D.(4)C 细节理解题,根据原文Fruit Festival中,Try something fruity (eating& learning to cookwith fruits)尝试一些有水果味儿的(吃和学习用水果做),可知在Fruit Festival,可以做一些水果酱.故答案为C.(5)D 细节理解题,根据原文,Culture Festival中,Take part in and observe traditional Britishgames,hear music,and try traditional foods.britishgames.org.参加和观察传统的英国游戏,听音乐和尝试传统的食物.网站britishgames.org.可知作为美国人,有对国外(英国)文化有感兴趣的,就可以到这个网页去.故答案为D.(6)B.主旨大意题,根据原文We've made a list of some of the most popular,by month.我们按月份列了一些最受欢迎的集市和节日.可知目的是为了提供相关的信息,故答案为B.【知识点】广告布告类阅读六、完形填空(共1小题)50.【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了作者采访了6个青少年变革者和一个著名作家等内容.【解答】(1)B.考查名词,根据to step help where they could帮助这个世界,所以是需要他们,A 标志,B需要,C原因,D改变,故选B.(2)C 考查动词词组,根据the old trees we love so dearly in the community人们喜欢的树,所以是照顾他们,A担心,B攀爬,C照顾,D砍到,故选C.故选C.(3)D 考查名词,根据In our interview with the writer,he shares that each time his children takea small action,such as recycling,he talks with them.He uses the moment to discuss how smallchanges can achieve a great effect每天做一点,就会取得很大的成就,所以是做一些改变,尝试一些有意义的事情,A计划,B错误,C决定,D不同,make a difference表示有影响,起作用,故选D.(4)A 考查形容词,根据原文,He uses the moment to discuss how small changes can achieve agreat effect.他用此刻来讨论小改变是如何可以达到一个大影响的.可知接下来需要表达的意思是,It's a step any of us can take to help children realize how…they are.它是一个我们任何人都可以去帮助孩子意识到他们有多么有影响力的步骤.可知空缺处需要填入形容词powerful,B.generous慷慨的;C.happy开心的;D.confident自信的.故选A.(5)A 考查动词,根据原文,As parents,teachers,aunts,uncles,and friends,it's our job to ..forwhat speaks to a child's heart需要表达的意思是,作为家长,老师,阿姨,叔叔和朋友,倾听所说的到孩子的心里是我们的职责,可知空缺处需要填入一个动词,表示"倾听",前文有to,用动词原形,用listen.故选A.【知识点】记叙文。
2019年上海市中考部分学科试卷以及解析答案

2019年上海市中考语文试卷一、文言文(39分)1.(15分)默写(1)会当凌绝顶,。
(杜甫《望岳》)(2)草枯鹰眼疾,。
(王维《观猎》)(3)狼不敢前,。
(蒲松龄《狼》)(4),竭其庐之入……(柳宗元《捕蛇者说》)(5)枯藤老树昏鸦,,古道西风瘦马。
(马致远《天净沙•秋思》)2.(4分)阅读下面两首诗,完成各题送友人李白青山横北郭,白水绕东城。
此地一为别,孤蓬万里征。
浮云游子意,落日故人情。
挥手自兹去,萧萧班马鸣。
黄鹤楼崔颢昔人已乘黄鹤去,此地空余黄鹤楼。
黄鹤一去不复返,白云千载空悠悠。
晴川历历汉阳树,芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。
日暮乡关何处是?烟波江上使人愁。
(1)两首诗都写到愁情:《送友人》写送别友人的愁情,《黄鹤楼》写的愁情。
(2)以下对两首诗的理解正确的一项是A.“万里”“千载”都有悠远之意。
B.“故人”“昔人”都指曾经的老朋友。
C.“青山”“晴川”都写了山色秀美之景。
D.“浮云”“白云”都暗示诗人漂泊的身世。
3.(9分)阅读下文,完成各题金溪民方仲永,世隶耕。
仲永生五年,未尝识书具,忽啼求之。
父异焉,借旁近与之,即书诗四句,并自为其名。
其诗以养父母、收族为意,传一乡秀才观之。
自是指物作诗立就,其文理皆有可观者。
邑人奇之,稍稍宾客其父,或以钱币乞之。
父利其然也,日扳仲永环谒于邑人,不使学。
余闻之也久。
明道中,从先人还家,于舅家见之,十二三矣。
令作诗,不能称前时之闻。
又七年,还自扬州,复到舅家问焉。
曰:“泯然众人矣。
”王子曰:仲永之通悟,受之天也。
其受之天也,贤于材人远矣。
卒之为众人,则其受于人者不至也。
彼其受之天也,如此其贤也,不受之人,且为众人;今夫不受之天,固众人,又不受之人,得为众人而已耶?(1)本文作者是(人名)。
(2)用现代汉翻译下面的句子。
稍稍宾客其父(3)本文记叙了仲永从五岁就能作诗到最终“”的变化过程,表达了作者的情感。
4.(11分)阅读下文,完成各题耕者王清臣天启初,颍川张远度买田颍南之中村,地多桃花林。
上海市2019年中考英语试题(附答案解析)

精选中考复习真题英语试卷Part 1 Listening(第一部分听力)1.Listening comprehension(听力理解)A.Listen and choose the right picture(根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片)1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.B.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案)7. A.A sportsman. B.A student. C.A teacher. D.A doctor8. A.History. B.Physics. C.Maths. D.Chemistry9. A.Ten years ago B.Ten months ago.C.Two years ago.D.Two months ago10. A.To give some lectures. B.To meet new friends.C.To complete his work.D.To improve his memory.11. A.By getting books. B.By moving the shelf.C.By picking flowers.D.By watching the door.12. A.At the restaurant. B.In the kitchen.C.At the supermarket.D.In the garden.13. A.The Internet. B.The subjects.C.The price.D.The levels. 14. A.He's afraid his son will fall asleep in writing lessons. B.He thinks the programmes will take too much time. C.He's glad that reading before sleep is his son's habit. D.He believes after-school lessons are necessary to attend. C.Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false(判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示)15.There was a fence between Charlie's garden and the neighbour's()16.The football hit the cat heavily and it made a loud sound.()17.The whole flower pot was broken into pieces by the football.()18.Charlie climbed over the wall to the neighbour's garden to get his football.()19.Charlie put the broken pieces into his pocket before he left the garden.()20.From the story,we know that Charlie finally chose to be honest.()D.Listen to the dialogue and complete the following sentences(听对话,用听到的单词完成下列内容。
2019上海中考语文真题含答案解析

2019年上海市中考语文试卷及答案
考生注意:
1.本试卷共26题。
2.试卷满分150分。考试时间100分钟。
3.请将所有答案做在答题纸的指定位置上,做在试卷上一律不计分。
一、文言文(39分)
(一)默写(15分)
1. 会当凌绝顶,(杜甫《望岳》
2.草枯鹰眼疾,(王维《观猎》)
3.狼不敢前,(蒲松龄《狼》
黄鹤楼 崔颢
昔人已乘黄鹤去,此地空余黄鶴楼。黄鹤一去不复返,白云千载空悠悠。
晴川历历汉阳树,芳草蒌萎鹦蚂洲。日幕乡关何处是,烟波江上使人愁。
6.两首诗都写到愁情:《送友人》写送别友人的愁情,《黄鹤楼》写的愁情.(2分)
7.以下对两首诗的理解正确的-项是( )(2 分)
A“万里”“千载”都有悠远之意。
⑥独特的区位优势带来了人口的持续增长。上海刚开埠时总共有50多万人口,到1900年人口突破100万,到解放初户籍人口达到500万,这一速度比历史上巴黎、伦敦的都要快。人从哪里来?主要靠的是移民。上海的移民大多来自江苏南部和浙江北部等地区一这些地区是以往一千年间中国经济最发达、文化最繁荣的地方,他们一般文化层次比较高,基本具备良好的市场意识,这也为上海人形成较高的职业道德水准和良好的契约精神莫定了基础。
答案:
8.王安石
9.(同乡人)渐渐用宾客的礼节款待他的父亲
10.泯然众人 痛惜
(四)阅读下文,完成第11- -13题 (11分)
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物理部分
一、选择题(共 16 分) 下列各题均只有一个正确选项,请将正确选项的代号用 2B 铅笔填涂在答题纸的相应位
置。更改答案时,用橡皮擦去,重新填涂。
1.一节新干电池的电压为
A.1.5伏
B.24伏
C.36伏
D.220伏
2.下列粒子中,带正电的是
A.原子
B.电子
C.质子
3.我们能分辨出鼓声和锣声,主要根据声音的
是 (19) 。
A.托里拆利实验
B.富兰克林雷电实验
C.马德堡半球实验
三、作图题(共 7 分)
请将图直接画在答题纸的相应位置,作图必须使用 2B 铅笔。
16.在图 5 中,正方体受到的重力 G 为 10 牛。用力的图示法画出重力 G。
17.在图 6 中,根据给出的入射光线 AO 画出反射光线 OB,并标出反射角的大小。
图1
8. 如图2所示,长方体物块甲、乙置于水平地面上,物块和地面的接触面积分别为S、S'
(S<S' ),对地面的压强相等。将甲、乙均顺时针翻转90°,此时甲、乙和地面的接触
面积分别为S' 、S,对地面的压强分别为 p甲 、 p乙 。此过程中,甲、乙对地面的压强变
化量大小分别为 Δp甲 、 Δp乙 ,则
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2019 年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试
理化试卷
考生注意: 1.试卷中的第 1~26 题为物理部分,第 27~51 题为化学部分。 2.试卷满分 150 分。考试时间 100 分钟。 3.按要求在答题纸上作答,在试卷、草稿纸上答题一律无效。
表示数及相对应的故障。 (16)
15.亚里士多德为了解释抽水现象,提出了“自然界厌恶真空”理论,意思是只要液面上
方出现真空,与真空接触的液体就会流上去填补真空。
① 可以用“自然界厌恶真空”理论来解释的现象是 (17) (选填“A”“B”或“C”)。
A.回声的产生
B.彩虹的形成
C.利用吸管吸饮料
② 可以推翻“自然界厌恶真空”理论的实验是 (18) (选填“A”“B”或“C”),理由
易造成伤害;嬉戏时不要用力推搡同学,是因为力可以改变物体的 (6) ,易使同学
摔倒。
11.月球属于 (7) (选填“行星”或“卫星”)。2019年1月,“嫦娥四号”在月球背面
成功着陆。“嫦娥四号”在减速过程中,动能 (8) (选填“增大”“不变”或“减小”),
以月球为参照物,“嫦娥四号”是 (9) 的(选填“运动”或“静止”)。
R1
R2
F2
V1
V2
F1 (a) 图 3 (b)
S 图4
14.在图 4 所示的电路中,已知电源电压为 U 0 保持不变。闭合电 键 S ,电路正常工作。一
段时间后观察到有一电压表示数变大。在电路中正确串联一个电流表,电流表示数为
0。若电路中仅有一处故障,且只发生在电阻 R 1 、 R 2 上,请根据以上信息写出两电压
A.响度
B.音色
C.音调
4.首先发现电流周围存在磁场的科学家是
D.中子 D.振幅
A.安培
B.欧姆
C.奥斯特
D.伽利略
5.四冲程内燃机在工作过程中,将内能转化为机械能的冲程是
A.吸气冲程 B.压缩冲程 C.做功冲程 D.排气冲程
6.质量相同的两金属块,吸收相同的热量,升高的温度不同,则
A.升高温度较大的金属块比热容一定大
A.p 甲 < p 乙 , Δ p 甲 = Δ p 乙 B.p 甲 > p 乙 , Δ p 甲 = Δ p 乙 C.p 甲 > p 乙 , Δ p 甲 > Δ p 乙 D.p 甲 < p 乙 , Δ p 甲 < Δ p 乙
甲 乙ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
图2
二、填空题(共 23 分)
请将结果填入答题纸的相应位置。
9. 教室里的电灯是 (1) 连接的(选填“串联”或“并联”),工作时将 (2) 能转化
B.升高温度较大的金属块比热容一定小 C.温度高的金属块比热容一定大
D.温度高的金属块比热容一定小
7.甲、乙两车从相距 2 0 米的A 、 B 两点同时相向做匀速直线运动,两车的 s - t 图像分别如
图1(a)、(b)所示,速度分别为v甲、v乙。经过时间 t 后,两车相距 10 米。则
A.v 甲 < v 乙 ,t 一定等于 1 0 秒
19.物体排开水的体积为 1×10-3 米 3。求物体受到浮力 F 浮的大小。
20.杠杆平衡时,动力臂 l1 为 0.6 米,阻力 F2 的大小为 60 牛,阻力臂 l2 为 0.2 米。 求动力 F1 的大小。
12.某导体两端的电压为 9 伏 ,在 1 0 秒内通过其横截面的电荷量为 3 库,通过该导体的电
流为 (10) 安,该导体的电阻为 (11) 欧;当该导体两端的电压为 6 伏时,其电阻
初中学业考试(2019)理化试卷(物理) 第 2页(共 11 页)
为 (12) 欧。
13.如图3(a)、(b)所示的滑轮应用情景中,不计摩擦和滑轮重力。分别用力F1、F2匀速 提起重为 1 0 牛的物体,图 3 (13) 中的滑轮可以看作等臂杠杆;图3(b)中力 F 2 的 大小为 (14) 牛;图3(a)中物体被竖直提升 1 米过程中,力F1所做的功为 (15) 焦。
为其他形式的能;标有“220V 100W”字样的电灯正常工作8小时,耗电 (3) 度。
10.生活中的很多安全规范都蕴涵着物理学原理。空气清新剂等压缩气罐不要放置在高温环
境下,是因为 (4) 可以改变物体的内能(选填“热传递”或“做功”),易使气罐升
温爆炸;司机开车时要系好安全带,是因为刹车时司机由于 (5) 会继续向前运动,
s/米 2.4
s/米 3.6
B.v 甲 < v 乙 ,t 可能等于 3 0 秒 1.8
2.7
C.v 甲 = v 乙 ,t 可能等于 1 0 秒 1.2
1.8
0.6
0.9
D.v 甲 = v 乙 ,t 可能等于 3 0 秒
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 t/秒 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 t/秒
(a)
(b)
18.在图 7 所示的电路中,有两根导线尚未连接,请用笔画线代替导线补上。补上后要求:
闭合电键S,向右移动滑动变阻器滑片 P 过程中,小灯泡 L 亮度不变,电流表的示数变
小。
法线
S L
A 60°
A
P 0.6 3
初O中学业考试(2019)理化试卷(物理) 第 3页(共 11 页)
图5
图6
图7
四、计算题(共26分) 请将计算过程和答案写入答题纸的相应位置。