研究生英语(人大版第三版)u12background
研究生英语(人大版第三版)u12背景知识4
Para. 5 When the red light becomes habitual, widespread and endless, can greatly harm society. Para. 6 The scofflaw spirit is pervasive. Para. 7 When the foundations of U.S. law have actually been shaken, it has always been because ordinary law-abiding citizens took to skirting the law. Para. 8 The most disquieting thing about the scofflaw spirit is its extreme infectiousness.
Para. 1
David Riesman David Riesman (September 22, 1909 – May 10, 2002), was a sociologist, attorney, and educator. After graduating from Harvard Law School, where he was a member of the Harvard Law Review, Riesman clerked for Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis from 1935-1936. He also taught at the University of Buffalo Law School and at the University of Chicago.
para.1-2
Scofflaws abound in amazing variety and represent the wave of the future in USA.
研究生英语精读教程[上册]Unit 12
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The most immediately and measurably dangerous scofflawry, however, also happens to be the most visible. The culprit* is the American driver, whose lawless activities today add up to a colossal* public nuisance.
1. roulette n. a game of chance in which a small ball is spun round a moving wheel and falls into a hole marked with a number轮盘赌
[ 5 ] Red-light running has always ranked as a minor wrong, and so it may be in individual instances. When the violation becomes habitual, widespread and incessant*, however, a great deal more than a traffic management problem is involved.
《研究生英语精读教程》(第三版· 上)
Unit Twelve
[ 1 ] Law-and-order is the longest-running and probably the best-loved political issue in U.S. history. Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as lawbreakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society.
研究生英语精读教程教师参考书(第三版上)一至八单元课件
Optimism/pessimism
Optimism
n. optimistic a. optimist n. Pessimism n. pessimistic a. pessimist n.
Inoculate against 预防注射；接种疫苗
e.g.---During the war allied troops were inoculated against diseases, because of fears that biological weapons might be used. All children are inoculated against polio. (小儿麻痹症)
ill:
In
Para.2: Optimism can help you to be… Pessimism leads you to…
Topic of the article
In Para. 7 When they failed on the first call or two…
(two weeks for one unit, so we can probably finish 8 units) Examination (mainly based on what is taught in class)
Requirements
Preview
Active
participation Feedback
Para. 2
body:
A number of persons, concepts, or things regarded as a group视作一组的人、 事、物 ---He has a large body of facts to prove his statements.
研究生英语（提高级第三版）课后习题复习资料汇集
研究生英语（提高级第三版）课后习题复习资料汇集一、选择题Lesson 11. The Car Connectivity Consortium was founded under U.S. law as a limited lia bility corporation.A. assetsB. BusinessC. ResponsibilityD. investment2. His wife set about upbraiding him for neglecting the children.A. encouragingB. criticizingC. UnderstandingD. hating3. Do you look forward to old age, or do you dread frailty, loss of memory and dependence on others?A. lonelinessB. povertyC. weaknessD. illness4. About 1-2% of the population are affected by temporary loss of smell: drugs, pollution and pregnancy can all distort the senses.A. work withB. interfere withC. associate withD. come with5. Humans have trouble evaluating risks that are not salient.A. noticeableB. UniqueC. AcceptableD. real6. Sales are reminiscent of the 2008 holiday season when merchandise was marked down 50% to 80%.A. back fromB. different fromC. better thanD. similar to7. You agree to waive the claim, which speaks well for your friendly attitude and close cooperation .A.startB. continueC. changeD. Quit8. I greatly enjoy these meetings unless I have to make a speech, in which case I’m in a state of dreadful anxiety.A. unexpectedB. naturalC. UnderstandableD. terrible9. Suffering was easier to bear than the bitterness he felt corroding his spirit.A. inspiringB. revealingC. destroyingD. releasing10. For the would-be online criminals, the likelihood of theirgetting caught and punished is vanishingly small, yet the profits are great.A. ExtremelyB. probablyC. unfortunatelyD. slightly1. The story about the Brothers Grimm may evoke warm memories of story ti me in the comforting arms of a parent.A. recallB. createC. releaseD. collect2. One of the secrets of successful travel lies in always turning adversity to your advantage.A. unfamiliarityB. explorationC. pleasureD. difficulties3. The claws of bears may be used to climb trees, rip open nests and beehiv es, or catch prey.A. clearB. tearC. throwD. dig4. The analysts are dissecting intrusions and other attacks that have breached their computer systems.A. interceptingB. fightingC. analyzingD. discussing5. He spent whole days in his room, headphones on lest he disturb anyone.A. unlessB. whenC. so thatD. in case6. As the unemployment lines lengthened and factories closed, there was talk of apocalypse.A. emergencyB. uncertaintyC. disasterD. reduction7. The odor of the hospital was so unforgiving that every so often she would bring the cloud of white flowers to her nose.A. unexpectedB. uniqueC. impressiveD. terrible8. Critics argue that the lavish park itself is incongruous a country where aro und half the population lives below the poverty line.A. inappropriateB. creativeC. unnecessaryD. enjoyable9. Many believed optimistically the news would soothe markets, but it seems to have had the opposite effect.A. pushB. misleadC.calmD. discourage10. A stoical person tends to show admirable patience and endurance in the f ace of adversity without getting upset.A. confidentB. uncomplainingC. unconventionalD. reliable①1. During the lecture all the audience listened to China's first astronaut with ra pt admiration.A. obscureB. obviousC. obligedD. obsessed2. Most of her colleagues didn't like her because she was adept at the fine art of irritating people.A. ambitiousB. annoyingC. skillfulD. scornful3. In the schools today we need, more than ever, the training of deft hands, q uick eyes and ears, and above all the broader, deeper, higher culture of gifted minds and pure hearts.A. skillfulB. cleverC. delicateD. elegant4. At last the judge decided to give the custody of the child to his father.A. supervisionB. cateringC. raisingD. fostering5. Denver residents continued to dig out from what was called the worst blizz ard in nearly a century.A. catastropheB. disasterC. snowstormD. landslide6. After all, the candidate was endorsed governor's board and many of the loc al party members.A. ignoredB. rejectedC. sponsoredD. supported7. His expression gave temporary meaning to a set of features but it was nond escript．A. unclearB. distinctiveC. impliedD. ambiguous8. She came home spouting off about the subjects she was taught at school and basked in her teacher's praise.A. pridedB. enjoyedC. criticizedD. narrated9. It was evident that the administrative officials did not believe the excuse th at he held forth for the delayed delivery.A. liedB. toldC. emphasizedD. compiled10. When Frank heard that the war had started, it didn't sink in for a long time until his father was drafted into the army.A. be understoodB. be acceptedC. be takenD. be illustrated ②1. Plants will lose their when they are heavily trimmed.A. voyageB. vitalityC. vogueD. virgin2. It was generally conceded that the net result of the incident was calculated to make Eisenhower mad enough to force him to re-electionA. run forB. compete inC. apply toD. line up with3. Mick entered the V ocational High School, and in order to get to know her new classmates, she ______ a partyA. castB. launchedC. flungD. threw4. Alice Moore refused to learn what they required. Shecouldn't see the neces sity of ______ for those that would only appear in the examinations.A. clappingB. crammingC. clashingD. creeping5. The listeners were _______ by his magic eloquence and ready to stand by him in his boldest flights.A. agonizedB. thrilledC. disturbedD. interfered6. We remained until our ship was repaired, and after that, we set sail for En gland, our ________ port being London.A. doomedB. denotedC. despairedD. destined7. Seeds of various types-wheat grains, beans, and nuts-form the bulk of hum an food. But not all seeds are ______ to either humans or insects; many conta in toxins.A. palatableB. primitiveC. peculiarD. permanent8. Continuing violence could ________ the progress towards reform.A. hold on B .hold up C.hold down D.hold off9. A bill passed _______ by both houses in August requires states to set up s ystems for withholding child support paymentsfrom the wages and state tax re funds of those persons.A.anonymously B .autonomously C.unanimouslyD.enormously10. After about an hour all the participants ________ with the regulations and each other.A.warmed up B .made up C.mixed up D.wound up Lesson 51. The king dubbed Laurence a name of knight for his outstanding accomplishme nt in performance.A. HonoredB. praisedC. calledD. granted2. In order to entice people to travel to Hawaii, hotels have lowered room rates.A. convinceB. ExpectC. temptD. support3. These two fences intersect at the creek.A. disappearB. EndC. MeetD. cross4. The result is an overly complicated and somewhat arbitrary system, but still m uch better than nothing.A. IrrationalB. incredibleC. intangibleD. intricate5. We are going to render them economic assistance.A. SendB. awardC. issueD. give6. One hallmark of a good politician is his ability to influence people.A. characteristicB. strongpointC. capacityD. talent7. They proposed that premium gasoline should be sold at a premium price.A. maximumB. high-gradeC. costlyD. pure8. It’s rather cumbersome having to carry all these cases around.A. wearisomeB. AwesomeC. troublesomeD. toilsome9. The evening was crowned by her dazzling performance.A. perfectB. veridicalC. splendidD. vivid10. On the stage of Academy Award, there’s nothing like a little golden statuette on the mantelpiece to burnish a fragile ego.A. CommendB. outstandC. exhibitD. polishLesson 71. Upon hearing these critical remarks, he was in a complete state of bewilder ment and did not know what to do next.A. astonishmentB. frustrationC. depressionD. perplexity2. For many women, the harrowing prospect of giving evidence in a rape case can be too much to bear.A. promisingB. embarrassingC. hauntingD. upsetting3. The company's disappointing sales figures are an ominous sign of worse thi ng to come.A. disgracefulB. disgustingC. scandalousD. threatening4. He said that people are too obsessed with utopian visions that will never co me, instead of thinking of the quality of life now.A. promisingB. unrealisticC. unbelievableD. unprecedented5. We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accident because it was so well timed.A.elicitedB.despisedC.removedD.elevated6. Things would never change if people weren't prepared to experiment with n ew teaching methods.A. endeavorB. campaignC. swerveD. try7. The national interest is more important than the sectional and personal inter ests of individual politicians.A. segregatedB. factionalC. inviolableD. dismantled8. Despite differences in background and outlook, their partnership was based on mutual respect, trust and understanding.A. unilateralB. reciprocalC. obligatoryD. optional9. Desirous of knowing something about the operations, I stood and watched t he spectacle with great interest.A. Desperate forB. Desirable ofC. Detached fromD. Deprived of10. He spoke eloquently with the self-effacing humor thathas endeared him to the American press.A. elegantlyB. persuasivelyC. arrogantlyD. Expressively Lesson 8。
研究生英语听说教程(第三版)中国人民大学
Section B
1. serious
2. not serious 3. not serious 4. serious
Exercise 1
Section B
Exercise 2
1. dinner, at 7:00 next Friday night
2. game or something; someday 3. get together sometimes
5. not happy; haven’t heard from
family for a long time
Section A
Exercise 2
1. Congratulations! That’s great!
2. How wonderful!
3. Boy, are you lucky!
4. That’s terrible! Is he okay? 5. How often do they usually write?
used as an exclamation for the same purpose as " My God! " or " My Goodness!"
matchmaker – one who arranges or
tries to arrange marriages
Section B
1. A
2. B 3. C 4. C
It’s nice to
2. I’d like you to meet … meet you. 4. Hi,… Yeah, I’m …
3. Hello,… It’s good to meet you. 5. I don’t think we’ve met. I’m … It’s a pleasure to meet you.
[下册]研究生英语精读教程 Six
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1. fit n. outburst一阵；一次发作 2. eruption n. (the sudden appearance of) an unhealthy spot or area on the skin皮疹
［5］Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. Although not common, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign countries. However, those who have seen people go through culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can discern* steps in the process.
1. norm※ n. standard of proper behavior or principle of right and wrong规范, 准则 2. cue n. signal that guides behavior; information that indicates what to do行动的方向(方针)；(应如何行动的)暗 示；准则
1. orient※ v. adjust or adapt to a particular situation使适应 (环境)；定向, 采取方向
研究生英语(人大版第三版)u12background2
Para5
The flouting of basic rules of the road leaves deep dents in the social mood.
Para6
The scofflaw spirit is pervasive because of the loss by individuals of the capacity to govern their own behavior in the interest of others.
国家禁酒令(1920 - 33)——“宏伟的实验”——旨在减少美 国的犯罪和腐败,解决社会问题,减少由监狱和贫困家庭 产生的税收负担，提高健康和卫生条件。这个实验的结 果清楚地表明,这在各方面都是一个悲惨的失败。证据证 实预测禁止互利交往的经济理论是注定要失败的。
Para1
A majority of Americans have blithely taken to committing supposedly minor derelictions as a matter of course.
Para2
Scofflaws abound in amazing variety.
Para3
The dangers of scofflawry vary widely.
Para4
The most flagrant scofflaw of them all is the red-light runner.
Decibel(分贝)
分贝（decibel）dB 分贝是以美国发明家亚历山大· 格雷厄姆· 贝尔命名 的，他因发明电话而闻名于世。因为贝尔的单位太粗略而不能充分 用来描述我们对声音的感觉，因此前面加了“分”字，代表十分之 一。一贝尔等于十分贝。声学领域中，分贝的定义是声源功率与基 准声功率比值的对数乘以10的数值。用于形容声音的ns of U.S. law have actually been shaken is due to ordinary law-abiding citizens took to skirting the law
外研社应用英语教程综合英语3_教师用书U12
Unit12Tourism ManagementText AnalysisI.Background information1.About the authorDiane Engelhardt has been an ESL instructor for more than20years.She has taught conversational and business English to a wide variety of students in Canada and Germany.She also has prepared students for TOEFL,Cambridge First Certificate,and London Chamber of Commerce.She currently teaches at Royal Roads University International Student Centre in Victoria,Canada.2.About the textThe text first appeared in Practice Makes Perfect:Advanced English Reading and Comprehension,a textbook intended to help ESL students develop their essential English reading and critical reading skills.II.General analysis of the textThe text focuses on the major theme of ecotourism and the challenges facing the new branch of tourism.Instead of directly introducing the theme,the author first paints for us an overview of tourism as a whole.As a fast-developing industry,tourism have done great contributions.However,some negative impacts of some practices in traditional tourism have surfaced and already taken a heavy toll on the natural balance of some tourist destinations.The author then asks a series of questions in order to provoke readers into thinking seriously about the issues and introduce ecotourism.After mentioning the origin of ecotourism,the author continues to enumerate and illustrate the principles of ecotourism.Yet ecotourism itself faces two challenges:It is being cashed in on by a traditional tourist agency in disguise and the popularity of ecotourism may ultimately defeat its own purpose.Finally,the author discusses some measures already taken to overcome the challenges.The layout of the text is as follows.III.Detailed study of the text1.Exotic places that people used to only dream of or read about in books are as close as the nearest travel agency or online booking service.◆exotic:adj.from or in another country,especially a tropical one;seemingexciting and unusual because it is connected with foreign countriesbrightly-colored exotic flowers/plants/birdsShe travels to all kinds of exotic locations all over the world.◆exotically:adv.rainbows of exotically colored blooms Part Sub-partParagraph(s)Main Idea Introduction IntroducingTourism1-3The author talks about the affordability and rapid growth of tourism and stresses its contribution to GDP.Negative Impacts ofTraditionalTourism4The author mentions the negative impacts of traditional tourism by citing specific examples.IntroducingEcotourism5The author attempts to introduce the theme of the text—ecotourism by raising a series of questions.Body The Rise ofEcotourism 6The author introduces the rise of ecotourism.Principles ofEcotourism 7-8The author mentions such principles of ecotourismas environmental protection,energy conservation,respect for tradition,etc.and then cites theexample of Maquipucuna Reserve and Madagascarto illustrate the benefits of adhering to suchprinciples.Challenges ofEcotourism9-10The author refers to two major challenges of ecotourism,namely cashing in on the label of ecotourism and popularity of ecotourism.ConclusionSolutions to theChallenges 11-12The author argues that both organizations andindividuals can help overcome the challenges.2.Cultural immersion experiences for sightseers and globetrotters are available...◆globetrotter:n.(informal)sb who spends a lot of their time traveling to manydifferent countriesHe said he is not very widely traveled and does not describe himself as a globetrotter.◆globetrotting:adj.a globetrotting journalist环球工作的记者3.In France and the United States,international tourism’s top two destinations, tourism accounts for6percent and2.7percent,respectively,of those countries’GDP.◆respectively:adv.in the same order as the things you have just mentionedThe cups and saucers cost£5and£3respectively.◆respective:ed before a plural noun to refer to the different things thatbelong to each separate person or thing mentionedWe all went back to our respective homes to wait for news.the respective roles of teachers and students4.The future of the fourth-largest global export activity(after fuels,chemicals, and automotive products)looks bright for travelers,airlines,commercial tour operators,hotel chains,hospitality businesses,and governments...◆hospitality:n.services such as food and drink that an organization provides forguests at a special eventthe use of a yacht for corporate hospitalityThere was a reception in the hospitality suite before the game.5.The red flags are already appearing:quaint fishing villages turned into sprawling tourist playgrounds,shorelines ribboned with high-rise hotels, agricultural fields plowed under and converted into golf courses,coastal waters polluted with sewage,beaches littered with garbage,and noisy streets plagued by traffic congestion.◆litter:v.[T](also litter up)if things litter an area,there are a lot of them in thatplace,scattered in an untidy wayClothes littered the floor.◆litter sth with sthThe desk was littered with papers.◆be littered with sth:if sth is littered with things,there are a lot of those things initRecent business news has been littered with stories of companies failing.6.To make way for airports,roads,and tourist complexes,forests have been cleared,fragile ecosystems destroyed,wildlife dispersed or decimated,and indigenous peoples displaced and dispossessed.◆decimate:v.[T]to destroy a large part of sthThe population has been decimated by disease.◆decimation:n.decimation of a tribe◆displace:v.[T]to make a group of people or animals have to leave the placewhere they normally liveFifty thousand people have been displaced by the fighting.◆displacement:n.the forcing of people away from the area or country where theylivethe gradual displacement of the American Indian7.An offshoot of the environmental movement of the1970s,ecotourism has come into its own over the past two decades.◆offshoot:n.sth such as an organization which has developed from a larger orearlier oneThe company was originally an offshoot of Bell Telephones.8.Synonymous with“green”tourism,ecotourism promotes cultural sensitivity and respect for traditions and customs in order to avoid the kind of exploitation that has turned tribal ceremonies into sideshows and relics into souvenirs.◆exploitation:n.an attempt to get as much as you can out of a situation,sometimes unfairlyThey are working to control the exploitation of the rain forests.◆exploit:v.[T]to try to get as much as you can out of a situation,sometimesunfairlyThe violence was blamed on thugs exploiting the situation.9.Because tourism is the least regulated industry with no universal standards or formal accreditation programs,any company can slap a“green”label onto its operation and cash in on the trend.◆accreditation:n.official approval given by an organization stating that sb or sthhas achieved a required standardThe initial Government proposal for a single accreditation system for advocates was the correct approach.◆accredit:v.[T]to officially approve sth or sb as being of an accepted quality orstandardInstitutions that do not meet the standards will not be accredited for teacher training.10.The original ecotourists were small in number,deeply committed to conservation and actively engaged in cultural exchange.◆commit:v.[I,T]to say that sb will definitely do sth or must do sthHe has clearly committed his government to continuing down the path of economic reform.The banks have committed themselves to boosting profits by slashing costs.11.In the process,nature,once an honored treasure,has become a commodity and a photo opportunity.◆commodity:n.a product that is bought and soldCrude oil is the world’s most important commodity.Key to the ExercisesPre-Class Tasks1Mini-Research1.Ecotourism is an industry that promotes responsible travel to natural areas.It canprovide income and promote conservation—rather than exploitation—of natural resources.It is seen as a solution to a lack of political will or general apathy toward conservation issues.It is intended to enhance the conservation of wild spaces and species in an ecosystem through the promotion of natural resources as tourist attractions.2.The fundamental difference between traditional tourism and ecotourism is theinvolvements with nature.Traditional tourism is not much concerned about the well-being of local people and environment while ecotourism tries to create a minimal impact on the people and the environment.2Co-LearningOpen-ended question.3PresentationOpen-ended question.1.Maquipucuna Reserve is the closest and largest cloud forest reserve close toQuito.Besides guided tours to watch hundreds of birds,insects,orchid species and Yumbo culture vestiges,it’s a unique site that offers easy to moderate trails to access forests where the endangered Andean Spectacled Bears congregate around mass fruiting of wild avocadoes.Andean bear season in2019is expected to happen sometime between October and December.Past visitors have sighted up to14different bears in two days.Maquipucuna is a birdwatcher paradise too—during the last world bird-count day,people sighted157species.Internationally awarded Maquipucuna Ecolodge within a15,000acres Maquipucuna Reserve located only2hours away from Quito.Maquipucuna is a private biodiversity haven for10%of Ecuador’s plant diversity and4%of all thebird species known for the entire planet.Maquipucuna is an Important Bird Area heart of the Choco Andino Biosphere Reserve as designated by UNESCO.2.Agenda21for the Travel and Tourism Industry is a program of action agreedby182governments at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development,the Earth Summit,on14June1992,to provide a sustainable future for the planet.It outlines practical steps that governments and private tourism companies can take to implement the goals of the Rio Earth Summit and make the future of the tourism sector and our entire planet more sustainable.It is packed with examples of good environmental practice and provides the guidelines needed to convert well-meaning theories about sustainability into reality.(paras.11-12)organizations,governments and tourists can help overcome the challenges.1.The first paragraph is arranged in a conclusion-solution pattern.Sentence1is aconclusion and sentences2-6all serve as evidence to prove the viewpoint presented in the conclusion.2.Because the author hopes to draw readers’attention to the appalling adverseimpacts of tourism on nature and environment.3.An increasing awareness of environmental issues,and a high demand forunspoiled locations,authentic cultural experiences,and recreational challenges.4.It refers to a situation in which the revenues from ecotourism help boost localeconomy and employment while maintaining and even better conserving nature.5.Because the very distinguishing features of ecotourism make it impossible toaccommodate large numbers of tourists.Therefore,tourists swarming to ecotourism-oriented destinations could be detrimental.6.It is an open-ended question.7.It means that organizations within the industry should cooperate with each otherand develop certain policies and programs as well as rules and regulations that are applicable to and binding on all participants.8.Tourists can choose travel destinations and tour operators that help promoteecotourism.They can try to reduce their personal impact on the environment, practice cultural sensitivity toward local peoples,participate in volunteer conservation projects,and even pressure governments to pass and enforce laws that protect the environment.1.respective;2.sprawled/sprawls;3.decimation;4.displaced;5.adherence;6.accredited;7.affordable;8.implementation;9.emit;10.proactively1.As long as there is a travel agency or booking service is available online,peoplecan now travel to foreign places that they used to only dream of or read about. 2.Is there a different kind of tourism that can both satisfy people’s growing travelneeds and help preserve the world’s natural treasures?3.Besides those popular tourist resorts,ecotourism finds distant places where localenvironment is strictly protected and then receive small numbers of tourists. 4.Ecotourism increases people’s sensitivity to cultures and respect for traditionsand customs in order not to view tribal ceremonies as sideshows or relics as souvenirs.5.When ecotourism abides by its principles,it can be good to all parties involvedin it.6.The island of Madagascar boasts the rare and unique lemur.It conserves itsbiodiversity and reduces poverty with the money from the tourist industry.At the same time,it keeps the number of tourists small enough to not to threaten its environment.7.Tourists used to be willing to go without the usual comforts and conveniencesand take those less-traveled paths.Nowadays,however,so-called ecotourists travel in large numbers and hope to enjoy the comforts of home in a pretty landscape.8.As it spreads to places where environment is more fragile and susceptible tohuman activities,ecotourism could ultimately invalidate what it originally tries to achieve.1.disperse;2.make way for;3.dispossessed;4.indigenous;5.fit in with;6.offshoot;7.unspoiled;8.turmoil;9.quaint;10.plagued1.to;2.on;3.into;4.for;5.to;6.among/with;7.on;8.to;9.to1-5:D A H N E6-10:B L F K G1.is made up of2.account for3.constitute4.is composed of5.accounts for6.constitute7.account for8.made up1.One of the ancient towns in China,Lijiang is full of natural beautiful sceneriesand varied cultures.2.A popular idea,using a dishwasher is still not well received by the oldergenerations.3.Cold and hungry,he went straight back home after work without delay.4.Severely injured,she was rushed to hospital.5.Turning the corner,we saw the hospital in front of us.6.Whether walking or sleeping,he always thinks of the subject.7.Having been annoyed by her words,he refused to talk to her again.8.Given enough time,the engineers will be able to find the fault.1.The company has been hammered by the downturn in the construction and motorindustries.2.Most lakes in this region are still in a pristine state,with the quality of waterwithin the state’s standards.3.The theme of this tourist trail is natural scenery and exotic flavors,which attractmany experience-hungry travelers.4.The floor is littered with piles of books and newspapers.5.Wealth is not necessarily synonymous with generosity.6.The recording company was trying to cash in on her fame by releasing earlyteenage recordings.7.When Wang Yang was a kid,he would devour every book that he could get hishands on.8.When faced with a crisis,one needs to stay especially calm and make informedchoices.Open-ended questions.One version for reference:One of the most fruitful industries,tourism is also one of the most harmful for the environment in the form of environmental destruction and loss of animal habitats. In response to the need to minimize the impact of traditional tourism on tourist destinations,ecotourism has gained increasing popularity among tourists.Despite its advantages,ecotourism is very unlikely to replace traditional tourism for two reasons.First,it is impossible for ecotourism to cope with the ever-increasing number of tourists craving for fresh experiences.Ecotourism is destined to be a select branch of tourism only for small crowds.It is usually in the form of small groups of people traveling to areas of ecological interest with such goals as environmental conservation, wildlife observation,and minimal impact on nature in mind.However,as one of the prosperous industries,tourism is still fast developing,and more and more people come to accept traveling as a fashionable way of passing their time.This puts an enormous strain on the tourist industry.Therefore,once people swarm to an area,the goals of ecotourism will be undermined.Second,the revenue from ecotourism is not likely to support a whole range of professionals working in this sector.As mentioned in the first point,ecotourism is anaturally small-crowd type of tourism.Tourist professionals will have to struggle to be able to stay in ecotourism with meagre incomes.But this may not be the only option.They can still turn back to traditional tourism and stay highly paid.This means that ecotourism can only remain a relatively small part of tourism.In conclusion,it is impossible for ecotourism to replace traditional tourism because it cannot meet the demands of mounting numbers of tourists or support professionals who hope to stay in it.Text B Sustainable Tourism Gains TractionWorking with Words and Expressions1.water-hungry having a huge demand for water对水的需求量极大的2.ABTA the U.K.travel trade association for tour operators and travel agents英国旅行社协会3.digital detox a period of time when a person voluntarily refrains from usingdigital devices such as smartphones,computers,and social media platforms克制自己，避免使用电子产品的一段时间4.off the grid without reliance on one or more public utilities未使用公共事业服务的（尤指未用电的）5.put sb in good stead very useful to sb when needed对……很有用；对……很有利6.carbon footprint the amount of carbon dioxide that a person or organizationproduces by the things they do,used as a way of measuring the amount of harm they do to the environment碳足迹；碳耗用量7.provenance the place of origin of something起源；出处8.short-haul that involves transporting people or goods over short distances,especially by plane短程的；短途运输的Understanding the Text1.As a senior sustainability adviser,Armstrong is well aware of tremendousnegative impacts of the tourism industry on tourism destinations.And if it were not for the concerted efforts,80%of the coral reef could have been lost forever.2.Poorly-managed tourist destinations will have to be adversely impacted,andtheir products may not be welcomed by consumers.3.High volumes and low margins are the features that render it impossible to investin sustainable tourism.4.This example mainly serves to illustrate the fact that the sustainability challengesfacing the tourism sector can only be solved with concerted efforts.5.This is an open-ended question.1.并非如此，真正原因在于其核心商业模式的可行性已经受到了威胁。
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Summary
Frank Trippett: (1926— ) Now senior editor of Time magazine, he has had a lifelong career in journalism. He has served as a writer and editor at such national publications as Look and Newsweek and is the author of three books: The States: United They Fall(1967), The First Horseman(1974), and Child Ellen(1975). The text first appeared in Time, in which the author takes a wider view of what happens when individuals bend small laws for their own convenience.
祝大家圣诞快乐！
A Red Light for Scofflaws
(对违反法律- 者亮红灯)
Frank Trippett
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Frank Trippett :
Frank Trippett was born July 1, 1926, in Columbus, Mississippi, and grew up in Aberdeen, Mississippi. He attended Mississippi College, Duke University, and the University of Mississippi. Trippett’s first job as a journalist was with the Meridian (Mississippi) Star. He fell in love with journalism, which he later called, “that trade that was designed in heaven for tseful employment.” Trippett worked for the Fredericksburg (Virginia) Free Lance-Star, and was the Capital Bureau Chief for the St. Petersburg (Florida) Times before joining Newsweek magazine as an associate editor in 1961. He was a senior editor at Look magazine and a senior writer and essayist for Time magazine.
Author
His writing won awards from the National Headliner Club, the National Bar Association and the American Political Science Association. Trippett is the author of the nonfiction books The States, United They Fell (1967) and The First Horsemen (1974), as well as the novel Child Ellen (1975). His essays have been anthologized in numerous college writing textbooks.His most recent book, Hymning & Hawing About America (2000), published by Xlibris (), is the first comprehensive collection of his essays. The subjects of his essays range from politics and personalities to social conditions and psychological phenomena. It is a brilliant look in the rear view mirror at the American scene during the twentieth century.Frank Trippett has been called “one of the really mind-blowing talents of his generation as a journalist, essayist, and story teller.”Trippett and his wife Betty lived and raised their four children in Larchmont, New York, until his death at the age of 71 on June 18, 1998.(Article first posted January 2002)
《TIME》（即《时代周刊》），是美国乃至世界知名的时事性 周刊之一。1923年3月由亨利•R•卢斯和布里顿•哈登创办。刊 名最初为《事实》，后改用现名，由时代华纳公司在纽约出版， 读者主要是中产阶级和知识阶层。该杂志内容广泛，对国际问 题发表主张和对国际重大事件进行跟踪报道，在美国颇有影响 力。《时代周刊》也是世界知名的品牌，它在全球拥有广泛的 读者，《时代周刊》有美国国内版、国际版，以及欧洲、亚洲 和拉丁美洲版，各版内容基本相同，占据着巨大的国际市场， 成为宣传美国价值体系和生活方式的最好载体。