上海市杨浦区2018届高三下学期等级考模拟质量调研(二模)生命科学试卷
杨浦区2017学年度第二学期高中等级考模拟质量调研高三年级生命科学学科试卷2018.3注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上3．.考试结束后保留试卷方便讲解，只交答卷一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项）1.糖类是维持生命活动所需能量的主要来源。
双糖水解为单糖才能氧化分解供能。
下列各种糖类中属于双糖的是A. 糖原B. 核糖C. 麦芽糖D. 葡萄糖2. 人类流感主要由甲型和乙型流感病毒引起。
流感病毒属于包膜病毒，其结构如图1所示。
其中，编号①表示的化合物是A. RNAB. 多糖C. 磷脂D. 蛋白质3.某研究小组欲测定砀山梨中所含的营养成分，下列步骤正确的是A. 研磨→切碎→过滤→检测B. 切碎→过滤→研磨→检测C. 研磨→过滤→切碎→检测D. 切碎→研磨→过滤→检测4.图2为人体内葡萄糖氧化分解的某一途径，其中过程②进行的场所位于A.细胞质基质B. 线粒体内膜C.线粒体基质D.线粒体外膜5.从1995年起，我国开始全面推广加碘盐，与之密切相关的激素是A. 肾上腺素B. 胰岛素图2图1①②③C. 甲状腺素D. 肾上腺皮质激素6. 控制传染源是预防微生物传染病的重要措施，其前提是寻找传染源并对其进行隔离。
下列属于传染源的是A. 艾滋病毒B. 艾滋病毒携带者C. 艾滋病人的血液D. 带有艾滋病毒的针筒7. 为探究酵母呼吸作用方式，搭设如图3所示的实验装置。
1号试管内BTB的变色情况是A. 蓝色→绿色→黄色B. 绿色→黄色→蓝色C. 蓝色→黄色→绿色D. 绿色→蓝色→黄色8. 牛痘和天花分别由牛痘病毒和天花病毒感染所致，但接种牛痘疫苗可以预防天花。
针对这一现象合理的解释是A. 天花病毒对牛痘疫苗极其敏感B. 牛痘病毒和天花病毒属于同一种病毒C. 牛痘病毒和天花病毒的抗原结构相似D.9.①专一性②高效性③热稳定性④可重复利用性A.①②B.①④C.②③D. ③④10. 下列四幅生物体中处于不同分裂时期的细胞示意图中，不存在同源染色体的是乙醇氧化酶图34312石蜡油11. 大熊猫体型与熊相似，但在分布地区和喜食竹子方面又与小熊猫相似。
科学家利用DNA分子杂交技术测定三者DNA 片段之间核苷酸的差异，并由此判断亲缘关系的远近，这属于进化的A. 胚胎学证据B. 生物化学证据C. 比较解剖学证据D. 古生物化石证据12. 2017年11月，中国科学家首创的猴无性繁殖程序如图5，并培育出“中中”。
据图回答培育“中中”所涉及的生物技术是A. 转基因技术B. 细胞融合技术C. 干细胞技术D. 细胞核移植技术13. Patau 综合征系严重遗传病，90%的患儿早夭。
依据图6指出Patau 综合征的病因是A. 基因突变B. 基因重组C. 染色体结构异常D. 染色体数目异常14. 研究人员在对甲、乙、丙、丁四个区域生物群落的分布进行三年跟踪调查之后，将结果汇总如下表。
根据下表数据判断物种多样性最丰富的地区是正常人Patau 综合征患者 图6图5A. 甲B. 乙C. 丙D. 丁15. 图7为健康人餐后血糖变化曲线，其中a 点时体内的激素分泌状况是A. 胰岛素和胰高血糖素分泌均减少B. 胰岛素和胰高血糖素分泌均增加C. 胰岛素分泌减少；胰高血糖素分泌增加D. 胰岛素分泌增加；胰高血糖素分泌减少16. 图8为人体肝细胞内发生的部分代谢过程示意图，其中能促进①②过程的激素是A. 胰岛素B. 甲状腺素C. 肾上腺素D. 胰高血糖素17. 图9为DNA 片段模型。
DNAA. ①的数量不同B. ②的数量不同C. ③的排列顺序不同D. ④的排列顺序不同18. 指甲髌骨综合征是一种单基因显性遗传病，该基因（N ）与I A 基因呈不完全连锁。
某女患者血型基因型为；其丈夫血型基因型为。
下列判断正确的是A. 子女血型为A 或AB 的患指甲髌骨综合征可能性大B. 凡子女血型为B 或O 的一定不是患指甲髌骨综合征C. 凡子女血型为A 或AB 的一定为指甲髌骨综合征患者D. 无论是何种血型都可能是指甲髌骨综合征，发病风险相同19. 果蝇的眼色由一组复等位基因决定，其中红眼（B1）对伊红眼（B2）完全显性，伊红眼（B2）对白眼（b ）完全显性。
这组复等位基因位于果蝇X 染色体的非同源段。
则一只杂合的伊红眼果蝇和白眼果蝇杂交，后代表现型种类及比例是图8①图7血糖浓度0 1248（m m o l /l ）餐后时间（h ）246 8aA BA. 1种B. 2种，1﹕1C. 2种，3﹕1D. 3种，1﹕2﹕120. 图10表示洋葱根尖的四个区域。
若用该根尖作为实验材料完成实验一“植物细胞有丝分裂的观察”和实验二“植物细胞分化的观察”，则下列表述正确的是 A. 实验一和实验二均观察②区 B. 实验一和实验二均观察①②③④区C. 实验一观察②区；实验二观察①②③④区D. 实验一观察①②③④区；实验二观察②区二、综合题（共60分）（一）细胞调控（13分）二甲双胍用于治疗II 型糖尿病已有近60年的历史，最新研究表明其对癌症预防和治疗也具有潜在益处。
二甲双胍及其结构类似物通过抑制线粒体的呼吸作用而抑制细胞的生长，其中的关键步骤在于RagC 蛋白复合物的跨核孔穿梭运输（如图11）。
21.（2分）图11所示核膜的主要物质组成是 。
22.（2分）根据图11信息，判断RagC 进出细胞核的方式是 。
23.（2分）下列化合物中，通过核孔复合物输出细胞核的是 。
（多选）A. mRNAB. 解旋酶C. ATPD. tRNAE. 无活型RagC24.（2分）图11中细胞器①的内膜向内凸起形成嵴，嵴的生物学意义是 。
25.（2分）据图11信息推测，下列生理过程受二甲双胍影响的是 。
（多选）B④③②①图11A. 细胞分裂B. 转录RNAC. 分泌蛋白质D. 胞质中激活型RagC 转化为无活型RagC26.（3分）若图11中所示的细胞是癌细胞，试述二甲双胍抑制癌细胞生长的途径 。
（二）植物生理（13分）2017年诺贝尔生理医学奖授予了节律时钟（由若干蛋白质组分构成）调控装置的发现者。
植物的节律时钟控制很多生理过程，如向性生长和光合作用等。
图12显示，向日葵幼苗白天表现出向光性，但在夜间却能重新转向东方。
27.（2分）在单侧光下，向日葵幼苗表现出向光性，导致向光性的原因是 。
A. 背光侧和向光侧脱落酸合成量不同 B. 背光侧和向光侧脱落酸分布不均匀C. 背光侧和向光侧生长素合成量不同D. 背光侧和向光侧生长素分布不均匀28.（2分）为了揭示向日葵幼苗夜间重新转向东方的机理，科学家提出了两种假设：（1）环境昼夜交替引起该现象（外因）；（2）植物自身存在昼长和夜长均恒定的生物时钟（内因）。
下列实验设计有助于区分上述两种假设的是 。
（多选）A. 在温度不同的暗室内分别测定幼苗顶芽的转向速率B. 在装有全天候定向光照的温室内观察是否出现节律性转向C. 在若干个光照强度不同的温室内分别测定幼苗顶芽的转向速率D. 在夏至（昼长夜短）和秋分（昼夜等长）夜间分别测定大田幼苗顶芽转向速率为了探究节律时钟对光合作用的影响，科学家构建了TOC 和ZTL 两种拟南芥突变株（两者的节律时钟周期分别为20和28小时，昼夜时长为1﹕1），并测定两者在不同条件下（T208 0 64 2 8 06 4 2 8 0 6 4 2 8 0 6 4 2 叶绿素含量（相对单位）植株干重（相对单位）突变株图12图和T28）光合作用相关指标。
其中T20和T28表示室内控制光照/黑暗循环周期分别为20和28小时（光照与黑暗时长为1﹕1）。
测定结果如图13所示。
29.（2分）叶绿素存在于叶绿体中的，参与了光合作用的过程。
30.（2分）植物的干重能反映光合作用的强度，因此科学家在研究中比较了两种突变株的干重。
作为光合作用强度的观测指标还可以采用吸收量和释放量。
31.（2分）对某些农作物而言，干重的提高意味着产量的增加。
下列能影响植物干重的因素是。
（多选） A.色素含量 B.光照强度 C.环境温度 D.昼夜时长32.（3分）根据图13，分析实验数据并得出结论：。
（三）动物生理（12分）对含钠饮食的饥渴感（即摄盐欲望）是中枢神经的独特功能，其中肾素-血管紧张素途径在这一过程中起着关键作用。
图14表示当外周血浆容量下降时机体倾向于摄盐的机制。
33.（2分）当外周（如心血管等）压力感受器产生的兴奋传导至I处时，该处膜内外的电荷分布情况是。
34.（2分）当神经兴奋经过结构II传递时，下列过程发生的先后顺序是。
a.神经递质与后膜受体结合b.发挥作用后的神经递质被降解c.突触前膜释放神经递质d.神经递质从突触前膜扩散到突触后膜e.后膜离子通道通透性改变35.（2分）依据图14中信息，外周压力感受器、神经中枢和外周器官构成血压调节的反射弧。
当血压上升后，会发生的现象是。
（多选）A. 交感神经兴奋性增强B. 心跳加快、心排出量增加C. 副交感神经兴奋性增强D. 血管舒张、外周阻力下降36.（2分）图14中的SFO 参与机体水盐平衡的调节，据此推测它最可能位于 。
A. 脑干B. 垂体C. 下丘脑D. 大脑皮层37.（2分）当血浆容量下降时，血压下降。
机体在调节血压的同时还倾向于“保水”。
试用图中编号描述血浆容量下降时机体“保水”的路径： 。
38.（2分）剧烈运动后，应该服用淡盐水而不是纯水。
支持这一观点的曲线是 。
（纵坐标为实验动物的累计摄入量）（四）生物工程（10分）与抗生素相比，抗菌肽具有抑菌范围广且不易产生耐药性等优势，广泛用于养殖业。
39.（4分）将若干分子的石蛙抗菌肽（SPC ）编码序列按照首尾相连的方式插在质粒pCL Y10的卡那霉素抗性基因内部，形成长度为5200 bp 的重组质粒pCL Y10-n SPC （图15）。
若pCL Y10-n SPC 经限制酶Acc III 处理后产生75 bp 和4600 bp 两种长度的DNA 片段，则单个SPC 由 个氨基酸构成；每个重组质粒含有 个SPC 编码序列。
40.（2分）根据题干信息判断，用于导入pCL Y10-n SPC 的受体细胞类型应为 。
A. 抗菌肽敏感、卡那霉素抗性B. 抗菌肽抗性、卡那霉素抗性n 个SPC 编码序列卡那霉素抗性基因Km rAcc IIIAcc IIIAcc III Acc III连接图15纯水盐水C. 抗菌肽敏感、卡那霉素敏感D. 抗菌肽抗性、卡那霉素敏感41.（2分）若选定的受体细胞因缺乏trpA 基因不能利用无机氮源合成色氨酸，则应采用两步法筛选含重组质粒的细胞，其中用于第一步筛选的固体培养基配方应为 。
A. 葡萄糖、硫酸铵、生长因子B. 牛肉膏、酵母粉、NH 4Cl 、卡那霉素C. 蛋白胨（包括所有氨基酸）、酵母粉、牛肉膏D. 葡萄糖、蛋白胨（包括所有氨基酸）、生长因子、卡那霉素42.（2分）在测试表达产物SPC 对枯草芽孢杆菌的杀菌功效时获得了如图16所示的结果，下列表述中最能解释这一实验结果的是 和 。
上海市杨浦区2018届高三下-等级考调研(二模)生命科学试卷(含答案)
杨浦区2017学年度第二学期高中等级考模拟质量调研高三年级 生命科学学科试卷考生注意： 1．本试卷满分l00分，考试时间60分钟。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（综合题）在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项）1. 糖类是维持生命活动所需能量的主要来源。
双糖水解为单糖才能氧化分解供能。
下列各种糖类中属于双糖的是A. 糖原B. 核糖C. 麦芽糖D. 葡萄糖2. 人类流感主要由甲型和乙型流感病毒引起。
流感病毒属于包膜病毒，其结构如图1所示。
其中，编号①表示的化合物是 A. RNAB. 多糖C. 磷脂D. 蛋白质3. 某研究小组欲测定砀山梨中所含的营养成分，下列步骤正确的是 A. 研磨→切碎→过滤→检测 B. 切碎→过滤→研磨→检测C. 研磨→过滤→切碎→检测D. 切碎→研磨→过滤→检测4. 图2为人体内葡萄糖氧化分解的某一途径，其中过程②进行的场所位于A. 细胞质基质B. 线粒体内膜图2图1①②③C.线粒体基质D.线粒体外膜5.从1995年起，我国开始全面推广加碘盐，与之密切相关的激素是A. 肾上腺素B. 胰岛素C. 甲状腺素D. 肾上腺皮质激素6. 控制传染源是预防微生物传染病的重要措施，其前提是寻找传染源并对其进行隔离。
下列属于传染源的是A. 艾滋病毒B. 艾滋病毒携带者C. 艾滋病人的血液D. 带有艾滋病毒的针筒7. 为探究酵母呼吸作用方式，搭设如图3所示的实验装置。
1号试管内BTB的变色情况是A. 蓝色→绿色→黄色B. 绿色→黄色→蓝色C. 蓝色→黄色→绿色D. 绿色→蓝色→黄色8. 牛痘和天花分别由牛痘病毒和天花病毒感染所致，但接种牛痘疫苗可以预防天花。
上海市杨浦区2021届高三(下)等级考质量调研(二模)生命科学学科试卷 含答案
上海市杨浦区2021届高三（下）等级考质量调研（二模）生命科学学科试卷2021.4考生注意：1．本试卷满分 l00 分，考试时间 60 分钟。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（综合题）在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、选择题（本题共 40 分，每小题 2 分，只有一个正确选项）1.2020 年 6 月，科研人员借助扫描隧道显微镜首次实现了对单个多糖分子的成像。
图1 为该多糖分子的成像照片，其中箭头所示的单位基团最有可能是A.甘油B.葡萄糖C.氨基酸D.脱氧核苷酸图12.下列有关颤藻与水绵细胞的比较，合理的是颤藻水绵颤藻水绵遗传物质DNA 或RNA DNA遗传物质DNADNAA. 核糖体无有B. 核糖体有有叶绿体有有叶绿体无有颤藻水绵颤藻水绵遗传物质RNA DNA 遗传物质DNADNAC. 核糖体有有D. 核糖体无有叶绿体无有叶绿体无有3.用适宜浓度的生长素类似物涂抹受粉雌花的雌蕊柱头，最可能的结果是A.果实不能发育，雌花败育而脱落B.果实和种子均正常发育，但果实较正常果实大C.果实不能发育，种子正常发育，获得干瘪的果实D.果实正常发育，但种子不能发育，获得无子果实蛋白质 ③糖类④ ⑥ ①②⑤脂肪供体 受体4. 在氧气充足的环境下，细胞内的丙酮酸分解产生大量乳酸的现象称为瓦氏效应。
研究发现，瓦氏效应是肿瘤细胞获取能量的重要方式。
下列说法正确的是A. 瓦氏效应产生的 ATP 比有氧呼吸更多B. 细胞内产生丙酮酸的生理过程称为三羧酸循环C. 肿瘤细胞摄取的葡萄糖主要在线粒体中被利用D. 与正常细胞相比，肿瘤细胞需要摄取更多的葡萄糖5. 人体内三大营养物质转换的部分过程如图 2 所示。
上海市杨浦区2018届高三3月等级考模拟质量调研(二模)化学试题
3.5.杨浦区 2017 学年度第二学期高中等级考模拟质量调研 2018.03.28 相对原子质量： H — 1 C — 12 N — 14 O — 16 S — 32 I — 12740 分，每小题 2 分，每小题只有一个正确答案） 1. 对铁及铁的化合物颜色描述错误的是（ A. 还原铁粉——银白色 B. Fe(OH) 3——红褐色 2. C. Fe(SCN )3 溶液——血红色 常温下， Fe 、Al 在浓硫酸中钝化，浓硫酸表现了（ A. 难挥发性 B. 吸水性 D. FeSO 4溶液——浅绿色 C . 脱水性 D. 强氧化性 4. A. 石油裂化 右图喷泉实验的现象与下列性质无关的是（ A. 氨易溶于水 C. 氨水显碱性 B. 石油分馏 B. 氨能与水反应 D. 氨易液化 C . 煤干馏 D. 纸层析 6. 7. 8. 9. A. Au B. Na C. Al D. Fe A. 工业上制备炭黑的原料 C. 能发生氧化反应 对碳原子核外两个未成对电子的描述，A. 电子云形状不同 C. 能量不同 共价化合物不可能（ A. 硬度很大 C. 由一种原子直接构属于人工固氮的催化剂A. 4N H 3 + 5O 2 揪 D井 4N O + 6H 2O C. 2N 2+ 3H 2噲垐 催化剂 加 热垐垐 加 压 垎垐 2 N H 3 B . D . B . 含极性键的非极性分子 分子中所有原子共直线 D. 在同一轨道 B. 常温下为气态 D . B . D . 溶于水产生阴阳离子 2NO+ O 2? 2NO 2 打雷闪电N 2+ O 2揪 揪 ? 2NO 与常10. 下列反应中的能量变化与图示一致的是（） A. 盐酸和 N aOH 溶液混合 B. CH 4在空气中燃烧 C. Al 与 Fe 2O 3反应 D. 电解水得到 H 2和 O 2 11. 涉及到 Al （OH ）3弱酸性的是（ ）A. Al 溶于强碱溶液B. Al 溶于强酸溶液 C. AlCl 3溶液和氨水混合 D. Al(OH) 3受热分解12. 对 C 2H 6和 C 5H 12的分析错误的是（） A. 互为同系物 B. C 2H 6失去 1 个 H 得到的乙基只有一种结构 C. C 5H 12的一氯代物可能只有一种 D. 2,2- 二甲基丙烷的沸点高于其同分异构体的沸点 13. 实验室制备乙酸丁酯的装置如图所示，下列分析错误的是（ ） A. 导气管 a 起到冷凝回流的作用 B. 反应后生成的乙酸丁酯仍在试管中 C. 充分反应后在试管中得到纯净的乙酸丁酯D. 制乙酸丁酯的反应温度超过 100℃不能用水浴加热14. 侯氏制碱法，向母液中通入 NH 3，其目的不是为了（ ） A. 增大 N H 4 + 浓度 B. 生成 NaHCO 3C. 析出 NH 4Cl 晶体D. 降低 H C O 3- 浓度 15. 有机物 M ： CH 2 C Hn 可用作涂料。
杨浦区2018学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研及答案
杨浦区2018学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研数学学科试卷 2019.4.考生注意： 1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题纸写上姓名、考号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上.2. 本试卷共有21道题，满分150分，考试时间120分钟．一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分54分，第1～6题每题4分，第7～12题每题5分）考生应在答题纸的相应位置直接填写结果. 1. 函数2()12sin f x x =-的最小正周期是▲________．2. 方程组310,2540x y x y -+=⎧⎨+-=⎩的增广矩阵为▲________．3. 若幂函数()kf x x =的图像过点（4，2），则(9)f =▲________．4. 若的二项展开式中项的系数是，则▲________．5. 若复数z 满足()234i a bi +=+（i 为虚数单位，,a b ∈R ），则22a b +=▲________．6. 函数()1log 3a y x =-++(0a >且1a ≠)的反函数为()1f x -，则()11f --=▲________. 7. 函数arcsin 211x x y =-的值域是▲________.8. 哥德巴赫猜想是“每个大于的2偶数可以表示为两个素数的和”，如835=+．在不超过13的素数中，随机选取两个不同的数，其和为偶数的概率是▲________（用分数表示）.9. 若定义域为(,0)(0,)-∞+∞U 的函数⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧<+>-=-0,2,0,21)(x m x x f x x是奇函数，则实数m的值为▲________.10. 古希腊数学家阿波罗尼斯在他的巨著《圆锥曲线论》中有一个著名的几何()13nx +2x 54n =问题：在平面上给定两点)0,(),0,(a B a A -，动点P 满足||||PA PB λ=（其中a 和λ是正常数，且1λ≠），则P 的轨迹是一个圆，这个圆称之为“阿波罗尼斯圆”. 该圆的半径为 ▲________．11. 若ABC ∆的内角C B A ,,，其中G 为ABC ∆的重心，且0GA GB ⋅=u u u r u u u r，则Ccos 的最小值为▲________．12. 定义域为集合{1,2,3,,12}L 上的函数)(x f 满足：① 1)1(=f ； ②|(1)()|1(1,2,,11)f x f x x +-==L ； ③)12(),6(),1(f f f 成等比数列. 这样的不同函数)(x f 的个数为▲________．二、选择题（本题共有4题，满分20分，每题5分）每题有且只有一个正确选项，考生应在答题纸的相应位置，将代表正确选项的小方格涂黑.13. 若x 、y 满足0,2,0,x y x y y -≥⎧⎪+≤⎨⎪≥⎩ 则目标函数2f x y =+的最大值为……………………( ))(A 1 )(B 2 )(C 3 )(D 414. 已知命题:α “双曲线的方程为()2220x y a a -=>”和命题β：“双曲线的两条渐近线夹角为2π”，则α是β的 ……………………（ ）)(A 充分非必要条件 )(B 必要非充分条件)(C 充要条件 )(D 既非充分也非必要条件 15. 对于正三角形T ，挖去以三边中点为顶点的小正三角形，得到一个新的图形，这样的过程称为一次“镂空操作”. 设T 是一个边长为1的正三角形，第一次“镂空操作”后得到图1，对剩下的3个小正三角形各进行一次“镂空操作”后得到图2，对剩下的小三角形重复进行上述操作. 设n A 是第n 次挖去的小三角形面积之和（如1A 是第1次挖去的中间小三角形面积，2A 是第2次挖去的三个小三角形面积之和），n S 是前n 次挖去的所有三角形的面积之和，则=∞→n n S lim ……………………（ ）)(A 43 )(B 33 )(C 23 )(D 2116. 已知ABC ∆的内角C B A ,,的对边分别为,,a b c , 且87cos =A . I 为ABC ∆内部的一点，且0a IA b IB c IC ++=u u r u u r u u r r ，若AI x AB y AC =+u u r u u u r u u u r，则y x +的最大值为………( ))(A 45 )(B 21 )(C 65 )(D 54三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分76分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸的相应位置写出必要的步骤.17.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）已知函数()(1tan )sin 2f x x x =+⋅． （1）求()f x 的定义域；（2）求函数()()2F x f x =-在区间(0,π)内的零点．18.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分）上海地铁四通八达，给市民出行带来便利. 已知某条线路运行时，地铁的发车时间间隔 t （单位：分钟）满足：220t ≤≤，t ∈N . 经测算，地铁载客量)(t p 与发车时间间隔t 满足：()212001010,210()1200,1020t t p t t ⎧--≤<⎪=⎨≤≤⎪⎩，， 其中t ∈N .（1）请你说明()5p 的实际意义； （2）若该线路每分钟的净收益为6()3360360p t Q t-=-（元），问当发车时间间隔为多少时，该线路每分钟的净收益最大？并求最大净收益.19.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）我国古代数学名著《九章算术》中记载了有关特殊几何体的定义：阳马指底面为矩形，一侧棱垂直于底面的四棱锥；堑堵指底面是直角三角形，且侧棱垂直于底面的的三棱柱.（1）某堑堵的三视图，如图1，网格中的每个小正方形的边长为1，求该堑堵的体积；（2）在堑堵111C B A ABC -中，如图2，BC AC ⊥，若21==AB A A ，当阳马C C AA B 11-的体积最大时，求二面角11C B A C --的大小.图1 图220.（本题满分16分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分5分，第3小题满分7分）已知椭圆134:22=+Ωy x 的左右两焦点分别为12,F F .（1）若矩形ABCD 的边AB 在y 轴上，点D C ,均在Ω上，求该矩形绕y 轴旋转一周所得圆柱侧面积S 的取值范围；（2）设斜率为k 的直线l 与Ω交于Q P ,两点，线段PQ 的中点为)0)(,1(>m m M ，求证：21-<k ；（3）过Ω上一动点()00,E x y 作直线134:00=+yy x x l ，其中00y ≠，过E 作直线l的垂线交x 轴于点R . 问是否存在实数λ，使得1221EF RF EF RF λ⋅=⋅恒成立？若存在，求出λ的值；若不存在，说明理由.21.（本题满分18分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分5分，第3小题满分9分）已知数列}{n a 满足：21111,8n n a a a m +==+，其中R N ∈∈m n ,*.（1）若21,,a m a 成等差数列，求m 的值； （2）若0=m ，求数列}{n a 的通项n a ；（3）若对任意正整数n ，都有4<n a ，求m 的最大值.杨浦区2018学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研数学学科试卷评分标准 2019.4.考生注意： 1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题纸写上姓名、考号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上.2. 本试卷共有21道题，满分150分，考试时间120分钟．一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分54分，第1～6题每题4分，第7～12题每题5分）考生应在答题纸的相应位置直接填写结果.1. π2.⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛--452131 3. 3 4. 4 5. 5 6. 2- 7. ]22,221[ππ+-8. 32 9. 1- 10.|1|22λλ-a 11. 5412. 155 二、选择题（本题共有4题，满分20分，每题5分）每题有且只有一个正确选项，考生应在答题纸的相应位置，将代表正确选项的小方格涂黑.13.C 14.A 15.A 16.D三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分76分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸的相应位置写出必要的步骤.17.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分） 解：（1）因为函数tan y x =的定义域为},2|{Z k k x x ∈+≠ππ ……2分所以函数()f x 的定义域为},2|{Z k k x x ∈+≠ππ ……6分（2）x x xxx f cos sin 2)cos sin 1()(⋅+= x x x 2sin 2cos sin 2+= x x 2cos 12sin -+= )42sin(21π-+=x ， ……10分令2)(=x f ，即22)42sin(=-πx 由),0(π∈x 得，)47,4(42πππ-∈-x ， ……12分 故442ππ=-x 或π43，即4π=x 或2π（舍）. ……14分 18.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分）解：（1）95025101200)5(=⨯-=p ， ……3分)5(p 的实际意义是：当地铁的发车时间隔为5分钟时，地铁载客量为950； ……7分（2）当102<≤t 时，840)36(603603360)10(6072002++-=----=tt t t Q ，1208401260=+⨯≤-等号成立当且仅当6=t ； ……10分 当2010≤≤t 时，3603840360336012006-=--⨯=tt Q24360103840=≤- 等号成立当且仅当10=t ……13分故当发车时间间隔为6分钟时，该线路每分钟的净收益最大，最大净收益为120元. ……14分19.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分） 解：（1）由已知，该“堑堵”的底面是等腰直角三角形，且斜边长为2，相应的高为1 棱柱的侧棱长为2 ……4分故该堑堵的体积为221221=⨯⨯⨯； ……6分（2）12132221111AA BC AC V V V ABC A C AA B C C AA B ⨯⨯⨯===--- 3431)(31222==+≤AB BC AC等号成立的充要条件是2==BC AC ； ……8分以C 为原点，1,,CC CA CB 为坐标轴建系， 则)2,2,0(),2,0,0(),0,0,2(11A C B ，则)2,2,0(),0,0,2(1==CA ，设面BC A 1的法向量为),,(1c b a n =，故⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=+=,022,02c b a 令1=c ，得)1,2,0(1-=n ， 同理可得，面11BC A 的法向量为)1,0,2(2=n ， ……12分 故1n 与2n 的夹角θ满足：31cos =θ， 由图可知，所求二面角为锐角，故所求为31arccos ……14分20.（本题满分16分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分5分，第3小题满分7分） 解：（1）解法一：不妨假设C 在第一象限，令)20)(sin 3,cos 2(πααα<<C ，则)2sin(34sin 32cos 22απααπ=⋅⋅=S ，……2分 由)0(2πα，∈，得]34,0(π∈S ； ……4分解法二：不妨假设()00,C x y 在第一象限，则2200143x y += ……1分有1≥ 所以00x y ≤3分004S x y π=≤ 得]34,0(π∈S ； ……4分（2）解法一：直线l 的方程为)1(-=-x k m y ，代入0124322=-+y x ，012)(4)(8)34(222=--+-++k m x k m k x k ，……6分0]3)(4[48]12)(4)[34(4)(64222222>+--=--+--=∆k m k k m k k m k ，即03)(422>+--k m k ， ……7分 又M 为中点，故134)(42=+--k k m k ，得km 43-=，0<k ， ……8分 代入03)(422>+--k m k 得，0)34)(12)(12(2>++-k k k ， 而0)34)(12(2<+-k k ，故012<+k ，即21-<k ……9分 解法二：设()()1122,,,P x y Q x y ，则，222211221,14343x y x y +=+=两式相减整理得1212121234y y x x x x y y -+=--+ 即121234x x k y y +=-+由题意得121,2x x +=12,2y y m += 于是34k m=- ……6分 中点()1,M m 在椭圆内部，则221143m +< 解得302m <<（要说明理由，否则扣2分） 故12k <-……9分 （3）当00x =时， 1221EF RF EF RF ⋅=⋅，所以，存在实数满足条件，则1λ=； ……10分 直线ER 的方程为0)(4)(30000=---y y xx x y ， 则)0,4(x R ， ……12分 故20202020*********2212)411()411()1()1(||||||||x x y x y x RF EF RF EF +-⨯+-++=⋅⋅=λ ……14分 1)4()4()4()4()4()4(433)1(433)1(2020202020202020220=+-⨯-+=+-⨯-+--++=x x x x x x x x x x 所以，1=λ。
2018年上海杨浦生命科学一模试卷及答案
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19. 安达卢西亚黑羽鸡和白羽鸡杂交，F1 代是灰羽。则下列杂交组合中，子代黑羽鸡比例最
高的是
A. 灰羽和灰羽
B. 灰羽和黑羽
C. 黑羽和黑羽
D. 黑羽和白羽
20. DNA 是由脱氧核苷酸聚合而成的大分子化合物。在脱氧核苷酸形成 DNA 分子的过程中
最新-2018届上海市杨浦区高三第二学期学业质量调研生物试题及答案 精品
杨浦区2018学年度第二学期高三年级学业质量调研生命科学试卷（2018年4月）本试卷共13页。
满分150分。
考试时间为120分钟。
请在答题纸上填写学校、姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
答案全部涂、写在答題纸上，不要超过答题框，否则不得分。
第I卷 (共60分)一、单选题（共60分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确选项。
）1. 将外周组织中多余的胆固醇运送至肝脏，并加工成胆汁酸排除体外的脂蛋白是A．乳糜微粒 B．极低密度脂蛋白C．低密度脂蛋白 D．高密度脂蛋白2. 一头肥猪，消耗体内有机物以获取能量的一般顺序是A．葡萄糖、糖原、蛋白质、脂肪 B．葡萄糖、糖原、脂肪、蛋白质C．葡萄糖、脂肪、糖原、蛋白质 D．糖原、葡萄糖、脂肪、蛋白质3. 下列各项中，与T2噬菌体的化学成分最接近的是A．细菌 B．烟草花叶病毒C．染色体D．核糖体4. 现有甲、乙两种化学本质不同的酶：逆转录酶和淀粉酶,因标签丢失而无法区分。
某同学为区分这两种酶,用蛋白酶X 对二者进行处理,并定时测定酶活性的变化，其结果如图所示下列对于甲酶和乙酶的分析错误．．的是 A ．甲酶是逆转录酶B ．甲酶能够抗X 酶降解,所以活性保持不变C ．乙酶的化学本质是蛋白质或RNAD ．乙酶被降解,导致其分子结构发生改变、活性下降 5. 结合图形分析下列说法，正确的是 A. 若判断甲是否为需氧型生物，依据的是细胞中是否含有结构① B. 若判断乙是否为植物细胞，并不能仅依据细胞中是否含有结构②C. 用电子显微镜观察不能区分细胞甲和细胞乙是否为原核生物D. 根据细胞中是否含有结构③，可将甲、乙、丙三种生物分为真核生物和原核生物6. 下图为乙醇在人体内主要的代谢过程。
下列相关叙述，正确的是时间A. 乙醇转化为乙酸发生的氧化反应，均由同一种氧化酶催化B. 乙醇经代谢产生的[H]可与氧结合生成水，同时释放能量C. 正常生理情况下，人体分解乙醇的速率与环境温度呈正相关D. 体内乙醇浓度越高，与乙醇分解相关的酶促反应速率越快7. 氢随化合物在生物体内代谢转移的过程如右图所示。
上海市杨浦区2018届高三下学期等级考模拟质量调研(二模)生命科学试卷
杨浦区2017学年度第二学期高中等级考模拟质量调研高三年级 生命科学学科试卷2018.3考生注意： 1．本试卷满分l00分，考试时间60分钟。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（综合题）在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项）1. 糖类是维持生命活动所需能量的主要来源。
双糖水解为单糖才能氧化分解供能。
下列各种糖类中属于双糖的是A. 糖原B. 核糖C. 麦芽糖D. 葡萄糖2. 人类流感主要由甲型和乙型流感病毒引起。
流感病毒属于包膜病毒，其结构如图1所示。
其中，编号①表示的化合物是 A. RNAB. 多糖C. 磷脂D. 蛋白质3. 某研究小组欲测定砀山梨中所含的营养成分，下列步骤正确的是 A. 研磨→切碎→过滤→检测 B. 切碎→过滤→研磨→检测C. 研磨→过滤→切碎→检测D. 切碎→研磨→过滤→检测4. 图2为人体内葡萄糖氧化分解的某一途径，其中过程②进行的场所位于A. 细胞质基质B. 线粒体内膜C. 线粒体基质D. 线粒体外膜图2图1①②③5. 从1995年起，我国开始全面推广加碘盐，与之密切相关的激素是 A. 肾上腺素 B. 胰岛素C. 甲状腺素D. 肾上腺皮质激素6. 控制传染源是预防微生物传染病的重要措施，其前提是寻找传染源并对其进行隔离。
下列属于传染源的是A. 艾滋病毒B. 艾滋病毒携带者C. 艾滋病人的血液D. 带有艾滋病毒的针筒7. 为探究酵母呼吸作用方式，搭设如图3所示的实验装置。
1号试管内BTB 的变色情况是A. 蓝色→绿色→黄色B. 绿色→黄色→蓝色C. 蓝色→黄色→绿色D. 绿色→蓝色→黄色8. 牛痘和天花分别由牛痘病毒和天花病毒感染所致，但接种牛痘疫苗可以预防天花。
上海市杨浦区2018届高三下-等级考调研(二模)英语试卷(含答案)
杨浦区第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上, 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. On the playground. B. In a department store.C. In the school building.D. In a stadium.2. A. $518. B. $580.C. $614.D. $640.3. A. Mr. Johnson's ideas are nonsense.B. He quite agrees with Mr. Johnson's views.C. Mr. Johnson is good at expressing his ideas.D. He shares the woman's views on social welfare.4. A. New ways to charge phones.B. The spread of false information.C. Interesting videos on WeChat.D. How people enlarge their circle of friends.5. A. The weather report is far from the truth.B. The heat continues to the end of the week.C. He will hang out at the end of the week.D. He 's relieved to have gone through the hot days.6. A. See the Hollywood movie.B. Skip the beginning of the movie.C. Go to sleep early.D. Watch the movie advertisement.7. A. The woman has been chatting with her parents for a long time.B. There is something wrong with her parents' telephone.C. It's very likely that the phone is not properly hung up.D. Her parents are busy talking on the phone for 30 minutes.8. A. A big sports centre is opened to the public.B. A swimming pool has already been completed.C. More facilities will be finished ahead of time.D. It has the most impressive building for miles around.9. A. His words are not so reliable.B. He is well prepared for the test.C. He is well-informed and knows everything.D. He knows a lot about the school arrangement.10. A. They are raising money for their club.B. They will go on to call more people.C. They will finish working today.D. They're glad to contribute money.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They can remind themselves to make full use of time.B. They can keep time when they are writing a novel.C. They should pay by the minute when they leave.D. They can get a clock as a gift for buying the coffee.12. A. Customers should wash their own dishes for there is no waitress.B. The relaxed atmosphere attracts like-minded people to socialize there.C. Customers can bring their own snacks because no food is served there.D. Wi-Fi is unavailable because face-to-face communication isencouraged there.13. A. It has proved to be popular in both Britain and Russia.B. The pilot shop in London is not as successful as expected.C. It’s not well-received in Britain because it costs more.D. It takes time to see whether British people like it or not.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Teach students how to avoid errors in writing.B. Correct test papers on Chinese language course.C. Help foreigners to learn Chinese characters.D. Correct mistakes in students’ speeches.15. A. It should be connected with a laser printer.B. Essays of different styles should be stored in itC. The paper text should be changed into digital text.D. Character recognition system should be installed in it.16. A. It cannot work as efficiently and accurately as a real teacher.B. It cannot appreciate the content and the beauty of language.C. It cannot use different symbols to mark different mistakes.D. Its Chinese linguistic data system is not big and complete.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The post is really funny.B. They enjoy bullying (欺负) Bill.C. They all get along well with Bill.D. They often give likes to friend’s post.18. A. He pushed Bill down the stairs.B. He made fun of the man last year.C. He made negative comments on the post.D. He once hurt the man’s feeling seriously.19. A. Lead to quarrels and isolation.B. Seek revenge and behave violently.C. Improve endurance and interpersonal skills.D. Affect academic performance and emotional health.20. A. Delete his post as soon as possible.B. Apologize to Bill for his hurtful post.C. Convince Bill of his well-meant action.D. Stop posting anything about Bill for a while.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When it comes to innovative countries, we always think of places like the US, the UK and Germany. However, Israel is also a global leader (21) ______ innovation.According to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017, Israel is the second (22) ______ (innovative) nation in the world, just after Switzerland.Many of us (23) ______ not be aware, but technologies developed in Israel have changed our lives. For example, antivirus software (24) ______ protects our computers was first developed in Israel in the 1970s, according to The Telegraph. In addition, features on our mobile phones such as voicemail and SMS were also developed in Israel.So it comes as no surprise that Israel plans to use its innovative strength (25) ______ (power) the cooperation with China in the Belt and Road Initiative. (26) ______ ______ ______ Israel is needed, it will spare no effort to contribute to the project, said Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu during his visit to China in March, according to Xinhua News Agency.Many Israeli environmental technology companies have already set up facilities in Shandong province, (27) ______ (bring) Israeli techniques to many areas such as recycling water for agricultural use, reported the Times of Israel.(28) ______ (found) on very dry land, Israel had been worried about water for a very long time. However, in recent years, the quality and quantity of water in Israel (29) ______ (improve), with the help of techniques that turn Mediterranean seawater and wastewater into usable water.In fact, such innovations have led to more and more Chinese students (30) ______ (seek) quality higher education in Israle. “When Chinese students who study here go back home, they willbe in positions to influence China-Israel relationships in the future,” Emma Afterman, manager of Israel-China Academic Relations at the Council for Higher Education, told the Jerusalem Post.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one wordParents have been concerned about their kids' use of technology since the dawnof technology – or at least since the invention of the transistor radio in the 1950s. Today, technology is everywhere, and kids are growing up __31__ to their smartphones, tablets and laptops in ways that '50s moms and dads could never have dreamed of. Parental concern has grown along with this tech __32__. But now, even those in the industry are wondering if technology has taken a truly __33__ hold on all of us – and especially children.No less than Melinda Gates, wife of Microsoft founder Bill Gates, wrote an editorial in the Washington Post last summer expressing regret for the Pandora's Box she and her husband helped open. "I spent my career in technology. I wasn't prepared for its effect on my kids," she wrote. "Phones and apps aren't good or bad by themselves, but for adolescents who don't yet have the emotional tools to deal with life's complication and __34__, they can add to the difficulties of growing up."A study, which came out this year, looked at yearly surveys of 8th, 10th and 12th graders in the U.S. between 1991-2016, and __35__ markers of psychological well-being, such as self-esteem, life satisfaction and happiness. It found that such well-being suddenly decreased after 2012 – just at the time that the use of smartphone and social media __36__. There was a direct correlation between the amount of time spent on electronics and unhappiness. Happiness was highest among kids who participatedin sports, followed by in-person socializing and __37__ services. The lowest? Online computer games –the abuse of which has recently been __38__ a recognized mental health disorder by the World Health Organization – and social media.Early this year, big players formerly of tech companies such as Google and Facebook created the Center for Humane Technology and, in partnership with the nonprofit organization Common Sense Media, __39__ a full media and advertising attack on the very industry they had a hand in building. Their initiative, the Truth about Tech, is pouring millions of dollars into a(n) __40__ to warn parents, teachers and students that the technology they use is in fact engineered to addict them.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? This is usually just a theoretical question. The idea of suddenly taking the form of your neighbor, a celebrity or even your dog is fun to think about, but seemingly impossible to ___41___.Yet a few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality device. “The first seconds are just overwhelming,” says Rikke Frances Wahl, a woman who ___42___ became a man. “It feels mysterious. You start to feel more and more comfortable in it, and you start to really get the ___43___ of how it would be if it were your body.”Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping(替换) experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She ___44___ her new body using a machine called The Machine to be Another. The set-up is relatively simple. Both users put on a virtual reality headset with a camera installed to the top of it. The video from each camera is piped to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your___45___. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it. To get used to seeing another person’s body without actually having controlof it, participants start by moving their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. ___46___, this kind of slow, synchronized (同步) movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they were living in another person’s body. “It was so natural,” Wahl says, laughing, “and at the same time it was so unnatural.”Interestingly, using such technology ___47___to alter people’s behaviour afterwards – potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be ___48___ in fighting implicit racism (隐性种族歧视). Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people’s associations.Another study showed that using the so-called “rubber hand illusion(错觉)” can have the same __49__. When that rubber hand is a colour unlike their skin, participants ___50___lower on tests for implicit racism than when they watched a hand of the same skin colour.The idea is that once you’ve “put yourself in another’s shoes” you’re less likely to think ___51___ of them, because your brain has ___52___ the feeling of being that person.Wahl says that she’d jump at the chance to swap bodies with someone again. “I would really, really ___53___ it to everyone, everyone should try this thing,” she says. “We all have different feelings and points of views about things,” says Pointeau, “and it’s really strongly related to our ___54___ experience. With this kind of experience we can ___55___empathy –the action of understanding, but also maybe help people better understand themselves too.”41. A. execute B. excuse C. explore D. exhibit42. A. contemporarily B. permanently C. temporarilyD. secretly43. A. passion B. fantasy C. familiarity D. energy44. A. inherited B. altered C. endured D. acquired45. A. reflection B. partner C. colleagueD. image46. A. Consciously B. Constantly C. EventuallyD. Equivalently47. A. requires B. prefers C. promises D. volunteers48. A. progressive B. informative C. realisticD. effective49. A. impact B. instruction C. initiativeD. intention50. A. analyzed B. scored C. predictedD. valued51. A. highly B. ill C. straight D. fairly52. A. expressed B. mixed C. internalizedD. deleted53. A. connect B. advertise C. registerD. recommend54. A. bodily B. sensitive C. mentalD. initial55. A. endure B. promote C. honor D. identifySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A British hospital director told me he was hunting for staff to replace the foreign doctors and nurses leaving because of Brexit(脱欧). He hadn’t found many qualified Britons queuing to replace them.In an age when the “war for talent” is a global business trend, the UK is fighting a war against talent. But if I were a Brexiter, I’d say: Brexit should be the prompt for Britain to finally start training enough of its own talent. If UK wants to avoid economic decline, it will need to train far more of its own nurses, construction workers, architects, etc. For a country whose policy has always been not to educate the working class, that would bea reversal of history.Before Brexit, high-skilled immigrants staffed world-class British sectors such as the City of London and the creative economy. In healthcare, the UK developed a brilliant way: let a poor country like Romania fund a nurse’s education, then underpay her to look after sick Brits. Low-skilled immigrants eager to work all hours for little money gave the UK cafes and corner shops that seldom closed. Low-skilled Britons could have done these jobs, but mostly didn’t.The coming wave of British talent is largely immigrant too: the kids who have made London’s state schools the UK’s best, plus the offspring of Russian, Chinese and other foreign elites （精英） who fill private schools. Many of these would love to stay and make the UK richer.But Brexiters want to cut immigration. The obvious solution: equip working-class Brits to do jobs from nursing to banking. Jonathan Portes, economics professor at King’s College London said: “The problem of UK vocational education has bee n known for at least a century. We’ve always neglected it.” In fact, in August the UK removed the state bursary（助学金） for people training to be nurses, midwives and speech therapists. Students now have to fund courses themselves, then earn a low salary for a lifetime.If Britain doesn’t upskill its workers fast, it will lose skilled jobs. It will continue to have the world’s best universities per capita only if it can find enough Britons to replace foreign academics who leave the UK. Much the same applies to finance or design. Meanwhile, low-skilled foreign fruit pickers have already melted away since the pound plunged. With few Britons queuing to replace them, much of this year’s produce rotted in the fields.So the likely post-Brexit outcome is a UK that cannot keep itself in the style to which it has become accustomed. The war against talent will probably leave Britain looking a bit more like today’s English seaside towns, or most of the country in the 1970s: culturally homogeneous（同种类的）, relatively poor and under-serviced.56. The UK is fighting a war against talent because ______.A. skilled immigrants leave the country after BrexitB. it doesn’t have enough fund to train its own citizensC. too many qualified Britons are queuing for creative jobsD. it is trying a different approach to attracting talent57. Which is FALSE about the situation in the UK before Brexit?A. Hospitals employed many immigrant nurses.B. Much attention was paid to the nurse training.C. Many Brits were unwilling to do low-paid jobs.D. Immigrant elites could find creative and decent jobs.58. What can we learn from the passage?A. Most well-educated immigrants had no plan to stay in the UK.B. The government now gives nurses-to-be some financial support.C. A lot of fruits rotted in the fields for the lack of skilled fruit pickers.D. The outflow of talent only existed in the field of education and healthcare.59. According to the writer, the post-Brexit Britain is likely to ______.A. be as rich and powerful as it used to beB. be as convenient as it was before BrexitC. be different in style but the same in essenceD. go backward in economy and social service£899.00A. popularityB. salesC. priceD. size61. If you want to share what you shoot on WeChat within theshortest time, ______ is recommended.A. DJI Mavic Pro 4K Foldable Camera DroneB. DJI Spark Alpine WhiteC. DJI Phantom 4 4K Camera DroneD. ProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Drone62. Among the four types, ProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Dronehas a unique feature that ______.A. its maximum speed is the highestB. users can pilot it just by moving fingersC. it can be controlled by a smartphoneD. it takes up the least space when folded(C)It’s almost spring, the time of year when the change in seasons could lead to some pretty fascinating cloud activity in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in a citizen science cloud observation challenge. The GLOBE Program is an international science and education program that provides students and the public with the opportunity to participate in data collection and the scientific process.From March 15 through April 15, citizen scientists of all ages can make up to 10 cloud observations per day using the GLOBE Observer app or one of the other data entry options (for trained GLOBE members). Challenge participants with the most observations will be congratulated by a NASA scientist in a video posted on the GLOBE Pro gram’s website and on social media.“The GLOBE Program is offering this challenge to show people how important it is to NASA to have citizen scientist observations: observations from the ground up,” said Marilé Colón Robles, lead for the GLOBE Clouds team at NASA’s Langley Research Center i n Hampton, Virginia. “We’re going from winter to spring, so the types of storms will change, which will also change the types of clouds.”Researchers use, and value, this citizen science cloud data because it helps to validate data from Earth-observing instruments. Scientists at Langley work with a set of sixinstruments known as the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES).Even though CERES’ instruments use advanced technology, it is not always easy for researchers to positively identify all types of clouds in their images. For example, it can be difficult to differ thin, wispy cirrus clouds (细小的卷云) from snow since both are cold and bright; even more so when cirrus clouds are above a surface with patchy snow （片状雪）or snow cover. One solution to this problem is to look at satellite images from a particular area and compare them to data submitted by citizen scientists on the ground.“Looking at what an observer recorded as clouds and looking at their surface observations really helps us better understand the images that were matched from the satellite,” said Colón Robles.You don’t have to be a cloud-gazing professional to participate. For those who want to be part of the challenge but don’t have a lot of experience identifying clouds, Colón R obles offers the following advice: “Just go outside.” The more clouds you observe, she said, the more comfortable you’ll be collecting data.63. Why do researchers launch the cloud observation challenge?A. The GLOBE Program is badly short of hands.B. The technology CERES uses is not that advanced.C. Scientists can compare data from different instruments.D. Cirrus clouds are difficult to identify when with snow cover.64. The underlined word “validate” is closest in meaningto ______.A.createB. cancelC. countD. confirm65. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Citizen observers can only submit their data by means of an app.B. Observers submitting the most observations can get a special prize.C. Observations from the ground are not as valuable as satellite images.D. The data collected by citizen scientists will be posted onsocial media.66. Which is the best title for the passage?A. NASA Employs New members.B. Cloud Activities Bring a New Challenge.C. Citizens Gain Experience through Observation.D. Professionals Teach You to Observe Clouds.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A new report by the World Bank shows that the effects of climate change could force 140 million people to move within their countries by 2050.The report looked at three developing regions of the world—sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America. __________67__________Climate migrants are people who are forced to move within their country because of water scarcity, crop failure, rising sea levels and storm surges due to climate change.__________68__________ It is important to help people makegood decisions about whether to stay where they are or move to new locations where they are less vulnerable.The report noted that the effects of climate change will often force people to move from rural areas suffering from droughts or crop failures to cities where there are different opportunities. __________69__________ “Without the right planning and support, people migrating from rural areas into cities could be facing new and even more dangerous risks,” said Kanta Kumari Rigaud, the report’s team lead. “__________70__________” Rigaud added.The report recommends key actions to help prevent wide-scale climate migration: cutting global greenhouse gas emissions; improving development planning at the local level for climate migration; and investing in data to better understand climate migration trends in each country. The report notes that any rise in climate migration will be in addition to millions of other migrants within countries, moving for economic, social, political or other reasons.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents’ views of life vary, they show their love in different ways.The monarch type of parents are intolerant and self-centered. They lay down regulations in the family for their children to observe. Furthermore, they insist that their children should act upon them without question. With a firm belief in their own philosophy of life, they have little respect for others’ opinions, least of all, their children’s. The sentence they say most frequently to their children is, “ you should do this.”Contrary to the monarch-type parents, the servant-type parents revolve around their children all the time. They are soft, good-natured, and easy-going. They never deny their children any wish, and cheerfully run to buy anything their children ask for. They are happy so long as their children are content. With the sincere belief that love means sacrifice, they are ready to giveup anything for their children’s sake. With their children at the center of their lives, they always ask, “What else can we do for you?”The friend-type parents, as the term implies, treat their children as friends. They are generous and wise. Like good friends, they discuss with their children the latest news, share their children’s interests, and listen attentively to their children’s expression of emotion, whether it is anger, fear, joy or sorrow. They have a close relationship with their children while sticking to their principled stand. They discuss problems with their children rather than provide ready solution. They respect their children as their equals. They often say: “Let’s put out heads together and see what we can do.”There is no doubt that children welcome the third type of parents, for a free, friendly, and sympathetic atmosphere at home is most favorable to the development of youngsters both in body and in mind. All parents should re-examine and change some of their ways of showing their love if they want their children to grow up happily and healthily.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 据报道数以百计的消防员正在参加营救行动。
上海市浦东新区2018届高三生命科学下学期教学质量检测(二模)试题(含解析)
名师考前提醒01选择题做完就填答题卡这是针对考试总会忘记填答题卡的考生，为避免非智力因素失分，一般每门一做完选择题就填答题卡。
这时填答题卡心态较平静，不会因为担心时间不够而出现涂写错位的情况。
考试成绩的好坏往往与考试的心情有关，所以我们一定要调节好自己的考试心情。
特别是刚开始的状态，利用一些小的技巧如做完试题就填涂答题卡等，这样可以避免在最后时间较紧的情况下因匆忙而涂错、涂串或是没有涂完而造成遗憾。
02考前看相关资料转换思维考英语前最好看看复习资料，并不是要记住什么知识点，而是让大脑提前进入状态。
而数学试卷对一些学生来说比较发怵，建议在心中回忆梳理一下相关知识点，可驱使自己进入状态，效果不错。
考试紧张，这是很正常的事情，考试不紧张，就不正常了。
但是不能过度紧张，那样会给自己很大的压力不利于水平的发挥。
可以和同学聊一聊天，说说话放松一下。
03遇事都往好处想看大题时，先不想该怎么做，只是看它如何表述，甚至跟自己说“这题我会做，第一问认真看就能做对”，让自己有一个平和的心态答题。
即使是弱科，我们也要知足常乐，我只要把会做的都做上，在一场考试中把会的都做对其实就是很好的发挥了。
时刻给自己打一打气，阿Q一下，这样把对自己的期待放低一些，心态就平稳了，也就高兴了，这可以使得思路更顺畅，而超水平发挥也就很正常了。
04别看他人答题的速度考场上不要左顾右盼，观察别人做题的进度，万一人家比自己快，会给自己压力。
在考场上和比较熟悉的老师、同学可以主动打个招呼。
即使是不认识的老师，也可问候一声“老师好”，一般老师都会像老朋友似地回以微笑，这可以缓解紧张的情绪。
这一些方法和措施都是很有助于调节考试心态与考试情绪的。
有心理学家研究证明，人在平稳的平稳或是心情高兴的时候，智商最高，情商也不错，更容易发挥出自己的高水平来。
05答题遇困难要镇静，巧用考前5分钟这个问题是涉及到考试策略与方法的，对于每一学科的考试，我们都应该有自己的考试策略和答题风格。
上海市松江区2018届高三下学期质量监控（二模）生命科学试题（有答案）
上海市松江区2018届⾼三下学期质量监控（⼆模）⽣命科学试题（有答案）松江区2017学年度第⼆学期期中质量监控试卷⾼中⽣命科学（满分100分，完卷时间60分钟） 2018.4考⽣注意：1．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包括两部分，第⼀部分全部为选择题；第⼆部分为综合题，包括填空题、选择题和简答题等题型。
2．答题前，务必在答题纸上⽤⿊⾊⽔笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答⼀律不得分。
选择题的作答必须⽤2B 铅笔涂在答题纸上相应的区域，综合题的作答必须⽤⿊⾊⽔笔写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。
⼀、选择题（共40分，每⼩题2分。
每⼩题只有⼀个正确答案）1. 下列细胞中，图1所⽰的细胞最可能的是 A. 根尖分⽣区 B. ⼤肠杆菌 C. 神经细胞 D. 叶⾁细胞2. ⽤氨基酸⾃动分析仪测定两种肽类化合物的氨基酸数⽬，结果如表1。
表中两种物质的氨基酸数⽬虽然相同，但其⽣理作⽤截然不同。
下列解释中正确的是 A. 氨基酸间的连接⽅式不同 B. 肽键的组成元素不同 C. 氨基酸的空间结构不同D. 氨基酸的种类、排列⽅式不同 3. 若⽤同⼀显微镜观察同⼀标本4次，每次仅调整⽬镜或物镜和细调节器，结果得到下⾯各图。
其中视野最暗的是A. B. C. D. 4. 图2是某种物质跨膜运输⽅式的⽰意图，该运输⽅式是A. ⾃由扩散B. 协助扩散C. 被动运输D. 主动运输5. 在观察植物细胞质壁分离和复原实验中，以下各图能正确反映细胞液浓度变化情况的是图1表1图26. 图3表⽰细胞呼吸作⽤的过程，其中①～③代表有关⽣理过程发⽣的场所，甲、⼄代表有关物质。
下列相关叙述正确的是A. 场所①、③发⽣的过程分别称糖酵解和三羧酸循环B. ①和②所含酶的种类相同C. 甲、⼄分别代表丙酮酸、H +D. 场所①②③发⽣的过程产⽣ATP 最多是在② 7. 图4是关于现代⽣物进化理论的概念图，下列分析合理的是 A. ①表⽰⾃然选择 B. ①表⽰随机交配C. ②表⽰基因交流加快D. ②表⽰地理隔离8. 图5中在造⾎⼲细胞和⾼度分化的肌⾁细胞内能发⽣的过程是A. 前者有①②③，后者有②③B. 两者都有①C. 两者都有①②③D. 两者都只有②③9. 下列膜电位变化的⽰意图中，能正确表⽰神经纤维由静息状态转变为兴奋状态的是10. 实验材料的选择在科学研究中起着关键作⽤。