GMAT语法之ving修饰用法归纳
智 课 网 G M A T 备 考 资料GMAT语法之ving修饰用法总结Gmat有许多关于ving修饰的题目，有的考生对这部分知识也许还不够清楚，智课小编为大家整理了GMAT语法里ving修饰的用法，希望对大家有所帮助。
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】VING 修饰用法总结一，V+ing,SVO 可以修饰主语、谓语 noun modifier or verb modifierv-ing放到句子之前，不用太关心verb modifier，还是叫noun modifier，都无所谓，因为他就是针对主语的且和主句意思有关Using the lastest technology, the engineer identified the problem. (verb modifier)Using accounts of various ancient writers，scholarshave painted a sketchy picture of the activitiesof anall-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixthcentury B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin asBona Dea, “the good goddess.” (noun modifier)二，S,V+ing,VO 修饰主语 noun modifierNeuroscientists, V-ing, verb + object.三，SVO VING(无逗号) 作为noun modifier，遵从touchrule，修饰临近的noune.g.Many daring vacationers who participatein guided boat tours on the Tarcoles River encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses peeking out from the surface of the murky water.四，SVO,V-ing 是 verb modifier, 切记 绝对没有noun-modifyI.有歧义的例子分析：OG12-30For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protectwarriors against enemy arrows and spears.A. a method to protectB. as a method protectingC. Protecting(C)D. as a protection ofE. to protect可能认为protecting 是修饰items或equipment, 但是"svo comma v-ing"必须是verb modifier!OG对此的解释是 revealing the purpose of the items.体会下为什么不说modify the items of military equipment? 因此protecting是 adv,表目的。
NN的解释shields were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.如果你认为这是个noun modifier，那么就是根据touch rule,修饰military equipment，或者是"essential items of military equipment".可是，你从意思上看，你觉得"protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears" 是militaryequipment的作用么?军事设备就是这么描述的?显然，"protecting ..."描述的是shields的作用，或者说补充说明这整个一句话的意思" shields were military equipment"，因此，一定一定是adverbial modifier.近例：He was a great realist, writing ordinary men and women in their misfortunesI am a Harvard student, entering my senior year.显然，"entering my senior year"说的是我，或者修饰"I am a Harvard student"这件事情不能理解为是一个noun modifier修饰"Harvardstudent"，因为你不能说所有哈佛学生都马上上大四。
*关于于主系表结构难以套用到SVO, Ving 下述原则中，因为主系表结构中前面的主句中不是一个事件或者是一个动作，而只是阐明了主语的一种属性：在这种情况下需要判断的是这个v-ing结构是否合理的阐明了前面句子成分的一种属性、状态、用途、目的等等等。
(动作也是一种状态，比如我正在吃饭，和我现在是学生一样都是表明了我的一个状态，把状态理解为一个广义上的action, 会比较好理解。
I am a Harvard student, entering my senior year,应该就是满足了2)A的条件，是伴随的意思吧。
)II 用法讲解：相当于副词adverbial modifier，必需满足1)①modifies the entire action of the preceding clause注意是指前面紧接的那个子句而非一定是主句!!!②and applies to the subject within that clause,直接的(伴随)、间接的(结果)，都算applies2)：one of the following is true:A the "ing" action isSIMULTANEOUS with, and SUBORDINATE to, the main action;- i ran down the sidewalk, flapping my armswildlyB the "ing" action is a DIRECTAND IMMEDIATE CONSEQUENCE of the main action.- i got a 100 on the most recent exam,bringing my average up to 91① 理解the entire action of the preceding clauseOG 65In a plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches, the Army Corps of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet above the waterline and act as a buffer, so that it absorbs the energy of crashing waves and protecting the beaches.(A) act as a buffer, so that it absorbs(B) act like a buffer so as to absorb(C) act as a buffer, absorbing(D) acting as a buffer, absorbing(E) acting like a buffer, absorb首先，不能理解为修饰buffer。
buffer在物理学里是减震器，生化里面是缓冲液，不管怎么说，都不可能用"absorbing the energy of crashing waves ..."来描述"buffer"。
这题是说：A that would do xxx and act as a buffer, absorbing .....A=a breakwater of rocks所以说", absorbing ...."是修饰整个这部分"A that would do xxx and act as a buffer"有同学注意到，这一部分是充当全句的宾语，所以就有疑问：为什么absorbing .....会修饰这个宾语"a breakwater of rocks" (A)?这就回到了前面强调的：modifies the entire action of the preceding clause注意：这里是preceding clause，而不是说主句——甭管这个句子多么复杂，只管前面那个从句。
这句话里面，precedingclause就是指that引导的从句："A that would do xxx and act as a buffer"②理解apply to the subjectA. the "ing" action is SIMULTANEOUS with, and SUBORDINATE to, the main action;- i ran down the sidewalk, flapping my arms wildly.这里“表伴随”，", flapping my arms wildly"修饰前面整个动作，同时这个动作也是主语发出的，所以"applies to the subject".B. the "ing" action is a DIRECT AND IMMEDIATE CONSEQUENCE of the main action.- i got a 100 on the most recent exam, bringing my average up to 91这里“表结果”，第一个动作是got a 100 on the most recentexam，第二个动作是由第一个动作直接产生的bringing my average up to 91。
GMAT语法笔记--修饰ModifiersbySeven
GMAT语法笔记--修饰ModifiersbySeven修饰Modifiers——现在分词、过去分词和介词短语补Manhattan modifiers extra 部分1.V-ing可修饰（1）名词：the changing season（2）动词及其主语：I lifted the weight, whistling（3）整个从句，只要从句可变成名词形式并发出v-ing动作:Crime has recently decrease, leading to a rise in property values.2.名词的修饰：（1）n. 与n. modifier遵循Touch Rule.Who从句还有where从句也最好与其修饰的主语贴上，不要有其它词在中间。
错：George, both shocking and entertaining audiences across the nation, who also struggled publicly with drug abuse, inspired a generation of comedians. (who就近修饰nation了) 改正：Both shocking and entertaining audiences across the nation, George，who also struggled publicly with drug abuse, inspired a generation of comedians.（2）T ouch rule 的例外a)次级modifier指代名词和首级的modifiers。
e.g. An ice sheet covers [ (80% of the surface of) Greenland], an area roughlythe size of Alaska.b)太长的modifier放最后，中间插入其他。
Ving作表语 宾补定语
表语
现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词 多表示主语所处的状态。现在分词表示“令人…的”，
过去分词表示“感到…”, 如：
The news was exciting. He appeared satisfied with my answer.
定语
① 单独作定语，应放在被修饰 的名词之前，
They built a highway leading into the mountains. They are problems left over by history.
注意
分词作定语时，意义上接近于 一个定语从句，如：
developing countries = countries that are developing a growing city = a city that is growing liberated areas = areas that have been liberated Who is the man standing (= that is standing) by the door? Have you read any short stories written (which were written) by Lu Xun?
④ 现在分词作时间状语（相当于 when 引导的从句），如：
Turning around, she saw a police car driving up. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those days in Yan’an.
注意
语法-语篇填空,短文改错的非谓语
语篇填空，短文改错中的非谓语动词非谓语动词类别1. Ving类口诀2. to do 类口诀1+口诀23. done如何做非谓语动词的语法填空题，和短文改错题一、Ving 公式"Ving…, 人、动、物+v+n.主动，进行" "人、动、物+v+n, ving….主动，进行"e.g The park was full of people,____ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.二、to do 公式表示主动，目的，原因，将来To do…, 人/动物+v.+n. （to do 句首）人/动物+v.+n. to do….To win her heart, I tried/did my best. I tried/did my best to win her heart.To see her, this male mouse overcame all sorts of difficulties. this male mouse overcame all sorts of difficulties to see her.三、done 公式表示被动，完成Done by…, 人/动物+v+n. 人/动物+v+n. , done by….The adobe dwellings (土坯房)____ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by…The witnesses ____ (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.。
ving语法
v-ing的用法一、概念1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式：V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种，分别可作：主语、宾语、表语; （动名词）定语、状语、宾/主语补足语 (现在分词)注意：其否定形式是在其前边加：not/never.其各种形式如下表：Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing.在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。
Being exposed to the sun does harm to health.暴漏在阳光下对身体有害。
The president's being killed led to serious consequences.总统被杀导致了严重后果。
2、作宾语V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。
He was afraid of _________________ (abandon) by us.He did it without ______ _____ (ask)You can't eat anything before _____________(operate on)I remember having be en told the story.3、作表语What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother i n the hospital.使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲。
What I hate most is ________________ (laugh at)The problem is for from _______________ (settle)注意：①动名词的被动式作主语和表语时，常用其一般式（being done)，不习惯用完成式；但作宾语时，若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生，可用其完成式（hav ing been done)。
ving作表语、定语宾补精讲精练
动词ing形式作表语，定语和宾语补足语概念引入：The music they are playing sounds so exciting .We watched three boys sharing their food with eachOur job is playing all kinds of music .The girl singing now is a classmate of mine.语法讲解非谓语动词中的ing形式包括两种：一种是动名词，另外一种是现在分词。
•基本形式：1、-ing形式作表语1) -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的具体内容(身份、性质或情况)。
如：Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。
My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。
2) –ing用来表示主语所具有的特征，如：His concern for his mother is most touching. 他对母亲的关爱很感人。
His words are encouraging. 他的话很鼓舞人。
2、-ing形式作定语1). 说明被修饰名词的作用和用途，如：building materials = materials for building 建筑材料drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室2). 说明被修饰名词的作用和用途，如：tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果3). 表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作，如：正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。
最新Ving作表语定语宾补定语
3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，
相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它 与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：
His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.
Ving作表语定语宾补定语
V-ing语法功 能
1．作表语 2．作定语 4．作宾语补足语
V-ing形式 作表语
-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，解释或说 明主语的内容,表示主语所具有的特征或属 性 Her hobby is painting. My job is looking after the children.
Smoking while having dinner is one of his bad habits.
注：不定式(to do)亦可作表语，但不定式侧重某次具体 的动作。
Her job is _n__u_r_s_i_n_g_ (nurse) patients in the hospital; but this weekend her task is __to__l_o_o_k__a_f_te_r__ (look after) her
注意：现在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与 谓语同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过 程
△ 在表示一个被动的动作时，如果这个动作是 现刻正在进行的，或是与谓语表示的动作同时 发生的，就可以用现在分词的被动形式。这种 形式可以作定语、状语或构成复合宾语
That building being repaired is our library. （定语）
ving用法及练习题
v-ing 的用法1. -ing分词的构成-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。
-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）：一般式完成式主动形式doing having done被动形式being done having been done-ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。
如：Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。
His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。
2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式：-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
如：Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。
3. -ing分词的被动式：-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。
根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。
如：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter. 他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。
Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。
高考英语语法动名词Ving的用法技巧讲解(共52张PPT)
It is important for me __t_o__le_a__rn_______
(learn) English .
8
Exercises
1. _____ the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail.
14
Exercises
1.Sorry, we don’t allow __________ in the
lecture room.
A. to smoke
B. smoke
C. smoking
D. to smoking
2. . They don’t permit __________ noise her.
we must prevent the earth _____.
A. from polluting
B. polluted
C. polluting
D. being polluted
16
4. 作定语
＊The girl standing there is my sister .
＊This is a piece of s_u__rp_r_i_s_in_g__ (surprise)
It’s a waste of time doing sth it 作形式主语, 只用V-ing,不用不定式。 ※ It is + adj. + (for sb ) to do sth
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It is a waste of time __t_a_l_k_in__g___ (talk) to
ving的用法
--ving的用法：一．--ving的分类：1．动名词=动词+名词，可以在句中做主语，宾语，表语，定语。
2．现在分词=动词+形容词，可以在句中做表语，定语，宾语补助语以及状语。
主动形式被动形式一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done二．动名词做主语的用法1.抽象、笼统的动作或泛指某动作行为。
Eg.Acting out stereotypes of people from different countries can be very funny. Playing football is his hobby.Sleeping is a great pleasure.Learning a foreign language is very useful for everyone.Arguing with her is a waste of time.2. 用it代替动名词做主语的情况，结构有：It is no use/ good/ fun/ a waste of time doing sth.It’s no use going there today; he won’t be there.It’s a waste of time arguing about it. 三．动名词做宾语的用法可以置于行为动词和介词后。
Eg.I suggested having a picnic. However, we didn’t reach an agreement.I have finished checking the homework. He is good at drawing.只能用动名词做宾语的动词及短语如下Advice, avoid, allow, appreciate, enjoy, escape, finish, dislike, imagine, mind, permit, practise, suggest, can’t help, give up, insist on, feel like, spend / waste time, have difficulty/ problem/ trouble doing sth, etc.在介词后面做宾语：devote to, look forward to, be fond of, prevent from, beengaged in（忙于）, depend on,be/get/become used to等Need, want, require, be worth 后接动名词主动表示被动的含义，如：The room needs cleaning. = the room needs to be cleaned.The movie is worth seeing.有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别：I forgot to close the door before I left the room.I forgot having closed the door.He tried to write better. (尽量努力地写) He tried writing with a brush. (用毛笔试着写)I couldn’t help finishing it. (不能不结束某事)I couldn’t help to finish it. (不能帮助结束某事)They left off fishing. (停止钓鱼)They left off to fish. (离开某处出发去钓鱼)I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle. (对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉)I regret not taking your advice. (后悔) 四．动名词和现在分词做定语的用法。
ving的用法解读
例句
• • • • 1. Avoid over-eating. 2.He admitted taking the money. 3.I can’t help laughing. 4.I finished reading the book last night.
②既可接动名词又可接不定式作 宾语的动词，常见的有：begin， start，continue，intend，like， love，prefer，mean，forget， regret, remember，hate ,go on, stop 等。
我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。 I regret missing the report． 我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建 议。 I regret to say I can’t take your advice．
D在try，mean之后意义各不相同， try to do (设法)， try doing (试试)， mean to do (打算，有意要做) mean doing (意思是，意味着)。如：
• a book explaining how to cut the death rate • Following jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are going to visit the动形式
比较下列三组句子
• 我记得我已把信寄了。 • I remember posting the letter． • 我会记着去寄信的。 • I’ll remember to post the letter．
我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名 作家。 I shall never forget seeing the famous writer． 不要忘了给你母亲写信。 Don’t forget to write to your mother．