中英文对照表
医学常见疾病中英文名称对照表
医学常见疾病中英文名称对照表在医学领域中，了解疾病的中英文对照名称是非常重要的。
这有助于医务人员之间的沟通以及医疗文件的准确填写。
下面是一份医学常见疾病的中英文对照表，旨在帮助读者更好地理解和运用医学术语。
1.感冒 - Common Cold2.发烧 - Fever3.肺炎 - Pneumonia4.流感 - Influenza5.哮喘 - Asthma6.鼻炎 - Rhinitis7.咳嗽 - Cough8.胃炎 - Gastritis9.病毒性肝炎 - Viral Hepatitis10.糖尿病 - Diabetes11.高血压 - Hypertension12.心脏病 - Heart Disease13.中风 - Stroke14.肺癌 - Lung Cancer15.乳腺癌 - Breast Cancer16.糖尿病 - Diabetes17.结肠癌 - Colon Cancer18.肾炎 - Nephritis19.结石 - Kidney Stones20.脑炎 - Encephalitis21.关节炎 - Arthritis22.精神分裂症 - Schizophrenia23.抑郁症 - Depression24.帕金森氏综合症 - Parkinson's disease25.带状疱疹 - Shingles26.痔疮 - Hemorrhoids27.溃疡 - Ulcer28.白血病 - Leukemia29.贫血 - Anemia30.哮喘 - Asthma31.癫痫 - Epilepsy32.脑震荡 - Concussion33.鼻窦炎 - Sinusitis34.失眠 - Insomnia35.口腔溃疡 - Mouth Ulcer36.胰腺炎 - Pancreatitis37.食道炎 - Esophagitis38.乙肝 - Hepatitis B39.皮炎 - Dermatitis40.耳聋 - Hearing Loss41.近视 - Myopia42.视力矫正 - Vision Correction43.青光眼 - Glaucoma44.白内障 - Cataract45.斑秃 - Alopecia Areata46.牙龈炎 - Periodontitis47.口腔癌 - Oral Cancer48.食管癌 - Esophageal Cancer49.脑膜炎 - Meningitis50.心肌梗塞 - Myocardial Infarction51.胃溃疡 - Gastric Ulcer52.胆囊炎 - Cholecystitis53.甲状腺癌 - Thyroid Cancer54.乙状结肠炎 - Ulcerative Colitis55.脑瘤 - Brain Tumor56.胰腺癌 - Pancreatic Cancer57.子宫肌瘤 - Uterine Fibroids58.子宫内膜异位症 - Endometriosis59.前列腺炎 - Prostatitis60.尿道感染 - Urinary Tract Infection61.卵巢癌 - Ovarian Cancer62.霍奇金淋巴瘤 - Hodgkin's Lymphoma63.肺气肿 - Emphysema64.动脉硬化 - Arteriosclerosis65.心律失常 - Arrhythmia66.肾功能衰竭 - Renal Failure67.脂肪肝 - Fatty Liver68.颈椎病 - Cervical Spondylosis69.胆结石 - Gallstones70.乳腺纤维瘤 - Breast Fibroadenoma71.淋巴结炎 - Lymphadenitis72.胰腺瘤 - Pancreatic Tumor73.高血脂 - Hyperlipidemia74.直肠癌 - Rectal Cancer75.食管瘤 - Esophageal Tumor76.胰腺囊肿 - Pancreatic Cyst77.肝脏肿瘤 - Liver Tumor78.子宫颈炎 - Cervicitis79.子宫肌腺症 - Adenomyosis80.乳腺增生 - Breast Hyperplasia81.肠胃炎 - Gastroenteritis82.胰腺功能不全 - Pancreatic Insufficiency83.髋关节炎 - Hip Arthritis84.慢性阻塞性肺疾病 - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)85.痤疮 - Acne86.甲状腺炎 - Thyroiditis87.脂溢性皮炎 - Seborrheic Dermatitis88.扁平苔藓 - Tinea Versicolor89.神经性斑秃 - Androgenic Alopecia90.子宫肌瘤 - Uterine Leiomyoma这是一份医学常见疾病的中英文名称对照表，仅供参考。
完整版)英语语法术语中英文对照表
完整版)英语语法术语中英文对照表English-XXXGrammar：语法Syntax：句法Morphology：词法Structure：结构Rank：层次Sentence：句子Clause：从句Phrase：词组Part of Speech：词类Word：单词XXX：实词Structural Word：虚词Simple Word：单纯词XXX：派生词Compound：复合词Noun：名词Proper Noun：专有名词Common Noun：普通名词Countable Noun：可数名词Uncountable Noun：不可数名词Abstract Noun：抽象名词Concrete Noun：具体名词Material Noun：物质名词Collective Noun：集体名词Individual Noun：个体名词n：介词n：连词XXX：动词Main XXX：主动词XXX：及物动词Intransitive XXX：不及物动词Link XXX：系动词Auxiliary XXX：助动词Modal XXX：情态动词Regular Verb：规则动词Irregular Verb：不规则动词Phrasal XXX：短语动词XXX：限定动词Infinite XXX：非限定动词Causative Verb：使役动词Verb of Senses：感官动词Event Verb：动态动词XXX：静态动词XXX：感叹词Adjective：形容词Adverb：副词Adverb of Manner：方式副词Adverb of Degree：程度副词Adverb of Time：时间副词Adverb of Place：地点副词Adjunct：修饰性副词Conjunct：连接性副词Interrogative Adverb：疑问副词Relative Adverb：关系副词Pronoun：代词Personal Pronoun：人称代词Possessive Pronoun：物主代词Reflexive Pronoun：反身代词Reciprocal Pronoun：相互代词Demonstrative Pronoun：指示代词Pronouns are words used in place of nouns。
中英文对照表
專用名詞中英文對照表
中文 品質資訊系統 全面品質保證 縮寫 QIS TQA 對照英文 Quality Information System Total Quality Assurance
部門 Quality Quality
文管中心 工業工程 生工 製造工程 無線電頻率 工程變更需求/通知 腦力激蕩 衝擊試驗 摔落試驗 振動試驗 高溫試驗 低溫試驗 溫度/濕度試驗 壽命測試 溫度循環測試 機械衝擊測試 電源線性頻率電壓衝擊試驗 彎曲試驗 扭矩試驗 熱量溫度測試 隨機振動 不斷電系統 電源濾波器 電磁相容 平均故障間隔 到故障為止的平均時間 修理間平均時間 設計驗証測試 設計成熟度測試 電磁輻射性干扰防止測試 安全測試 表面粘貼技術 傳統插件技朮 線路測試 功能測試
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Quality Quality Quality Quality Quality Quality Quality Quality
P.D.C.A 品質,成本,交期 品質--壽命,市場報怨 交期--團隊精神 產品主要可靠測試 環境測試 美國軍標
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MAX中英文翻译对照表
Save selected----------〈保存选择〉
XRef Objects -----------〈外部引用物体〉
XRef Scenes -----------〈外部引用场景〉
Merge --------------------〈合并〉
Torus Knot-------------------------〈环面纽结体〉
Chamfer Box----------------------〈斜切立方体〉
Chamfer Cylinder----------------〈斜切圆柱体〉
Oil Tank----------------------------〈桶状体〉
Update Background Image-----〈更新背景〉
Reset Background Transform〈重置背景变换〉
Show Transform Gizmo---------〈显示变换坐标系〉
Show Ghosting--------------------〈显示重橡〉
Save Active View/Restore Active View〈保存/还原当前视窗〉
Viewport Configuration--------------〈视窗配置〉
Grids----------------------------------〈栅格〉
Show Home Grid------------------〈显示栅格命令〉
Lights------------------------------〈灯光〉
Target Spotlight-----------------〈目标聚光灯〉
国家中英文对照表
(一)各国国家名称和首都（附中英文）标签：andsanof茨瓦纳korea圣马力诺杂谈亚洲中国 China Beijing(北京)阿富汗 Afghanistan Kabul（喀布尔）巴勒斯坦 Palestine Jerusalem（耶路撒冷）伊拉克 Iraq BAGHDAD（巴格达）阿拉伯联合酋长国 The united arab emirates Abu Dhabi（阿布扎比）亚美尼亚 armenia Yerevan，Epebah（埃里温）哈萨克斯坦 Kazakstan菲律宾 The Philippines Metro Manila（大马尼拉市）塔克吉斯坦 Tajikistan Dushanbe（杜尚别）老挝 Laos VIENTIANE（万象）黎巴嫩 Lebanon Beirut（贝鲁特）马尔代夫 Maldives Male（马累）印度 India New delhi（新德里）朝鲜 Korea Pyongyang（平壤）印度尼西亚 Indonesia Jakarta（雅加达）约旦 Jordan Amman(安曼)科威特 Kuwait KUWAIT CITY（科威特城）马来西亚 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur（吉隆坡）文莱 Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan（斯里巴加湾市）东帝汶 East timor DILI（帝力）土库曼斯坦 Turkmenistam Ashgabat（阿什哈巴德）锡金 Sikkim巴林 Bahrein Manama（麦纳麦）孟加拉国 Bangladesh Dhaka（达卡）塞浦路斯 Gyprus Nicosia以色列 Israel JERUSALEM（耶路撒冷）新加坡 Singapore Singapore（新加坡）沙特阿拉伯 Saudi Arabia Riyadh（利雅得）韩国 Korea Seoul(首尔)也门 Yemen Sana'a(萨那)斯里兰卡 Sri lanka Colombo(科伦坡)缅甸 Burma Rangon(仰光)格鲁吉亚 Georgia Tbilisi(第比利斯)吉尔吉斯斯坦 Kyrgyzstan Bishkek(比什凯克) 伊朗 Iran Teheran(德黑兰)叙利亚 Syria Damascus(大马士革)泰国 Thailand Bangkok(曼谷)不丹 Bhutan Thimphu(廷布)巴基斯坦 Pakistan Islamabad(伊斯兰堡)阿曼 Oman Muscat(马斯喀特)越南 Vietnam Ha Noi(河内)土耳其 Turkey Ankara(安卡拉)日本 Japan Tokyo(东京)柬埔寨 Cambodia Phnom Penh(金边)卡塔尔 Qatar Doha(多哈)阿塞拜疆 Azerbaijan Baku(巴库)乌兹别克斯坦 Uzbekistan Tashkent(塔什干) 蒙古 Mongolia Ulaanbaatar(乌兰巴托)尼泊尔 Nepal Kathmandu(加德满都)欧洲冰岛 Iceland Reykjavik(雷克雅未克)法国 France Paris(巴黎)芬兰 Finland Helsinki(赫尔辛基)捷克 Czech republic Prague(布拉格)荷兰 Holland Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹)希腊 Greece Athens(雅典)德国 Germany Berlin(柏林)卢森堡 Luxembourg Luxembourg(卢森堡) 保加利亚 Bulgaria Sofia(索非亚)拉脱维亚 Latvia Riga(里加)波兰 Poland Warsaw(华沙)爱沙尼亚 Estonia Tallinn(塔林)奥地利 Austria Wien(维也纳)马耳他 Malta Valletta(瓦莱塔)瑞典 Sweden Stockholm(斯德哥尔摩)挪威 Norway Oslo(奥斯陆)意大利 Italy Roma(罗马)匈牙利 Hungary Budapest(布达佩斯)罗马尼亚 Romania Bucuresti(布加勒斯特) 萄葡牙 Portugal Lisbon(里斯本)阿尔巴尼亚 Albania Tirana(地拉那)斯洛伐克 Slovakia Bratislava(布拉迪斯拉发)安道尔 Andorra Andorra la Vella(安道尔城)列支敦士登 Liechtenstein Vaduz(瓦杜兹)圣马力诺 San marino San Marino(圣马力诺)摩尔多瓦 Mo ldova Chisinau(基希讷乌)塞尔维亚和黑山 Belgrade(贝尔格莱德)爱尔兰 Ireland DUBLIN(都柏林)立陶宛 Lithuania VILNIUS(维尔纽斯)俄罗斯 Russia Москва(莫斯科)斯洛文尼亚 Slovenia Ljubljana(卢布尔雅那)白俄罗斯 Byelorusian S.S.R Minsk(明斯克)英国 England London(伦敦)波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo(萨拉热窝)马其顿 Macedonia Skopje(斯科普里)克罗地亚 Croatia Zagreb(萨格勒布)乌克兰 Ukraine KIYV(基辅)西班牙 Spain Madrid（马德里）丹麦 Denmark Copenhagen（哥本哈根）摩那哥 Monaco Monaco（摩纳哥）大洋洲马绍尔群岛 Marshall lslands密克罗尼西亚联邦 Micronesia Palikir（帕利基尔）新西兰 New Zealand Wellington（惠灵顿）萨摩亚 Samoa Apia（阿皮亚）图瓦卢 Tuvalu汤加 Tonga lslands Nuku’alofa（努库阿洛法）所罗门群岛 Solomon斐济群岛 Republic of the fiji lslands Suva（苏瓦）瑙鲁 Nauru 不设首都澳大利亚 Australia Canberra（堪培拉）库克群岛 Cook lslands Avarua（阿瓦鲁阿）基里巴斯 Kiribati瓦努阿图 Vanuatu Port Vila（维拉港）帕劳 Palau巴布亚新几内亚 Papua new guinea Port Moresby（莫尔斯比港）北美洲危地马拉 Guatemala Cuatemala city古巴 Cuba Havana巴哈马群岛 Bahamas牙买加 Jamaica洪都拉斯 Honduras Tegacigalpa圣卢西亚岛 Saint lucia巴巴多斯岛 Barbados巴拿加 Panama多米尼克 Dominica安提瓜和巴布达 Antigua and Barbuda伯利兹 Belize哥斯达黎加 Costa rica San jose特利尼达和多哥 Tromodad amd topago圣文森特和格林纳丁斯 Saint Vincent and grenadines格林纳达 Grenada尼加拉瓜 Nicaragua加拿大 Canada Ottawa美国 The united states萨尔瓦多 El Salvador海地 Haiti Port-au-prince墨西哥 Mexico多米尼亚圣斯茨和尼维斯 Saint kitts and nevis南美洲阿根廷 Argentina Buenos aires玻利维亚 Bolivia La paz秘鲁 Peru巴西 Brazil Brasilia智利 Chile Santiago委内瑞拉 Venezuela乌拉圭 Uruguay厄瓜多尔 Ecuador Quito苏里南 Suriname哥伦比亚 Colombia Bogota圭亚那 Cugana Georgetowr巴拉圭 Paraguay比利时 Belgium Bruxelles（布鲁塞尔）梵帝冈 Vatican瑞士 Switzerland Bern（伯尔尼）非洲尼日尔 The niger Niamey（尼亚美）赞比亚 Zambia Lusaka（卢萨卡）喀麦隆 Cameroon YAOUNDE（雅温得）索马里 Somalia Mogadishu（摩加迪沙）科特迪瓦 Cote dlvoire Yamoussoukro（亚穆苏克罗）贝宁 Benin Porto-Novo（波多诺伏）圣多美和普林西比 Sao tome and principe São Tomé（圣多美）苏丹 The sudan Khartoum（喀土穆）塞舌尔 Seychelles Victoria（维多利亚）几内亚比绍 Guinea Bissau（比绍）津巴布韦共和国 The Republic of Zimbabwe Harare（哈拉雷）南非 South Africa Pretoria（比勒陀利亚）纳米比亚 Namibia Windhoek（温得和克）布基纳法索 Burkina faso Ouagadougou（瓦加杜古）莱索托 Lesotho Maseru（马塞卢）埃及 Egypt Cairo（开罗）埔茨瓦纳 Botswana Gaborone（哈博罗内）埃塞俄比亚 Ethiopia Addis Ababa（亚的斯亚贝巴）安哥拉 Angola Luanda（罗安达）肯尼亚 Kenya Nairobi（内罗毕）加纳 Chana Accra（阿克拉）塞内加尔 Senegal Dakar（达喀尔）坦桑尼亚 Tanzania Dares Salaam（达累斯萨拉姆）突尼斯 Tunisia Tunis（突尼斯）乌干达共和国 The Republic of Uganda Kampala（坎帕拉）马达加斯加 Madagascar Antananarivo（塔那那利佛）中非 Central afnca republic Bangui（班吉）乍德 Chad N'Djamena（恩贾梅纳）科摩罗 Comorin Moroni（莫罗尼）赤道几内亚 Equatorial guinea Malabo（马拉博）毛里塔尼亚 Mauritania Nouakchott（努瓦克肖特）加蓬 Gabon Libreville（利伯维尔）莫桑比克 mozambique Maputo（马普托）斯威士兰 Swaziland布隆迪 Burundi Bujumbura（布琼布拉）卢旺达 Rwanda Kigali（基加利）利比亚 Libya Tripoli（的黎波里）吉布提 Djibouti Djibouti（吉布提市）利比里亚 Liberia Monrovia（蒙罗维亚）刚果（布） Republic of gongo Brazzaville（布拉柴维尔）冈比亚群岛 The Gambia islands Banjul（班珠尔）佛得角 Cape verde Praia（普拉亚）多哥 Togo Lome（洛美）毛里求斯 Mauritius Port Louis（路易港）尼日利亚 Nigeria Abuja（阿布贾）摩洛哥 Morocco Rabat（拉巴特）塞拉利昂 Sierra leone Freetown（弗里敦）马里 Mali Bamako（巴马科）阿尔吉利亚 Algeria Algiers厄立特里亚 Eritrea Asmara（阿斯马拉）(二)世界国家（名称）和国家人（名称）中英文对照表American: [ ə'merikən ] a. 美国的n. 美国人 America: [ ə'merikə ] n. 美国,美洲Australian: [ ɔ'streiliən ] a. 澳大利亚的n. 澳大利亚人 Australia: [ ɔ'streiliə ] n. 澳大利亚austrian: [ 'ɔ:striən ] n. 奥地利人a. 奥地利的,奥地利人的 Austria: [ 'ɔ:striə ] n. 奥地利Brazilian: [ brə'ziljən ] n. 巴西人a. 巴西的 brazil: [ brə'zil ] n. 巴西Canadian: [ kə'neidjən ] a. 加拿大(人)的n. 加拿大人 Canad a: [ 'kænədə ] n. 加拿大Chinese: [ 'tʃai'ni:z ] a. 中国的n. 汉语,中国人 china: [ 'tʃainə ] n. 中国,瓷器Dutch: [ 'dʌtʃ ] a. 荷兰的n. 荷兰人 Holland: [ 'hɔlənd ] n. 荷兰English: [ 'iŋgliʃ ] a. 英国的,英国人的n. 英语 England: [ 'inglənd ] n. 英格兰,英国Finnish: [ 'finiʃ ] n. 芬兰人 Finland:[ 'finlənd ] n. 芬兰french: [ frentʃ ] a. 法国(人)的,法语的n. 法语 france: [ frɑ:ns ] n. 法国german: [ 'dʒə:mən ] a. 德国(人)的,德语的n. 德国人,德语 germany: [ 'dʒə:məni ]n. 德国Greek: [ gri:k ] a. 希腊(人)的n. 希腊人,希腊语 Greece: [ gri:s ] n. 希腊Indian: [ 'indjən ] a. 印度的n. 印第安人,印度人 India: [ 'indjə ] n. 印度Italian: [ i'tæljən ] a. 意大利的n. 意大利人 Italy: [ 'itəli ] n. 意大利Japanese: [ dʒæpə'ni:z ] a. 日本的n. 日本人,日语 Japan: [ dʒə'pæn ] n. 日本漆; 亮漆日本式漆器日本式物品Korean: [ kə'riən ] n. 韩国人,韩国语文a. 韩国人的,韩国语文的 Korea: [ kə'riə, kɔ('riə ] n. 韩国Nigerian: [ nai'dʒiəriən ] n. 尼日利亚人 Nigeria: [ nai'dʒiəriə ] n. 尼日利亚Norwegian: [ nɔ:'wi:dʒən ] n. 挪威人,挪威语a.挪威的,挪威语的 Norway: [ 'nɔ:wei ] n. 挪威Polish: [ 'pɔliʃ ] n. 光泽,优雅,精良v. 擦亮,磨光,推敲 Poland: [ 'pəulənd ] n. 波兰Russian: [ 'rʌʃən ] a. 俄国的n. 俄国人,俄语 Russia: [ 'rʌʃə ] n. 俄罗斯Spanish: [ 'spæniʃ ] a. 西班牙的n. 西班牙语 Spain: [ spein ] n. 西班牙Swedish: [ 'swi:diʃ ] n. 瑞典人,瑞典语a. 瑞典的,瑞典人的,瑞典语的 Sweden: [ 'swi:dn ] n. 瑞典Thai: [ 'tɑ:i( ] n. 泰国人,泰国语 Thailand: [ 'tailænd ] n. 泰国Turkish:[ 'tə:kiʃ ] n. 土耳其语a. 土耳其的,土耳其人的 turkey: [ 'tə:ki ] n. 土耳其,火鸡(三)不同国家人的单复数怎么表示名称总称(谓语用复数）一个人两个人中国人the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss澳大利亚人the an twoAustralians Australian Australians 俄国人the Russians a Russian two Russians意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians希腊人the GREek a Greek two Greeks法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese美国人the Americans an American two Americans印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians德国人the Germans a Germans two Germans英国人the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes。
中英文对照表(基本全)
管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢stainless steel pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance welded steel pipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管hot-rolling seamless pipe冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube直管run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头base elbowk半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 双支管弯头（形）double branch elbow三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand) 异径三通（分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通45° lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径）45° lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y”四通cross等径四通straight cross异径四通reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet) 异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer锻制异径管reducing swage螺纹支管台threadolet焊接支管台weldolet承插支管台sockolet弯头支管台elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台nipolet支管台，插入式支管台boss管接头coupling, full coupling半管接头half coupling异径管接头reducing coupling活接头union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯）bushing管帽cap (C)堵头plug短节nipple异径短节reducing nipple; swage nipple1.3 弯管Bend预制弯管fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管（^ 形）cross-over bend偏置弯管（~ 形）offset bend90°弯管quarter bend环形弯管cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形）single offset quarter bendS形弯管“S” bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bendU形弯管“U” bend双偏置U膨胀弯管double offset expansion “U” bend斜接弯管mitre bend三节斜接弯管3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管corrugated bend圆度roundness1.4 法兰Flange (FLG）整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰）slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖blind flange, blind孔板法兰orifice flange异径法兰reducing flange盘座式法兰pad type flange松套带颈法兰loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰welding plate flange对焊环welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环welding-on collar突缘短节stub end, lap翻边端lapped pipe end松套板式法兰loose plate flange压力级pressure rating, pressure rating class压力—温度等级pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面flange facing突面raised face (RF)凸面male face (MF)凹面female face (FMF)榫面tongue face槽面groove face环连接面ring joint face全平面；满平面flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工facing finish粗糙度roughness光滑的smooth齿形serrated均方根root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)配对法兰companion-flange螺栓圆bolt circle (B.C.)1.5 垫片Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式type of gasket平垫片flat gasket环形平垫片flat ring gasket平金属垫片flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement 无石墨压缩白石棉垫片non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片compressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环inner ring外环，外定位环outer ring波纹金属垫片corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket双夹套垫片double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket整体金属齿形垫片solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片oval ring gasket透镜式垫片lens gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket1.6 阀门Valve1.6.1 阀门结构、零件阀轭yoke外螺纹阀杆及阀轭outside screw and yoke (OS & Y)阀杆stem内螺纹inside screw (IS)阀轭套yoke sleeve阀杆环stem ring阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈seat ring整体（阀）座integral seat堆焊（阀）座deposited seat阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件）trim阀盘disc阀盘密封圈disc seat阀体body阀盖bonnet阀盖衬套bonnet bush螺纹阀帽screw cap螺纹阀盖screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖bolted bonnet (BB)活接阀盖（帽）union bonnet (cap)螺栓连接的阀帽bolted cap (BC)焊接阀盖welded bonnet (WB)本体阀杆密封body stem seal石棉安全密封asbestos emenen seal倒密封back seal压力密封的阀盖pressure-tight bonnet动力操纵器powered operator电动操纵器electric motor operator气动操纵器pneumatic operator液压操纵器hydraulic operator快速操纵器quick-acting operator滑动阀杆sliding stem正齿轮传动spur gear operated伞齿轮传动bevel gear operated扳手操作wrench operated链轮chain wheel手轮hand wheel手柄hand lever (handle)气缸（或液压缸）操纵的cylinder operated链条操纵的chain operated等径孔道full bore; full port异径孔道reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型short pattern紧凑型（小型）compact type笼式环lantern ring压盖gland阀杆填料stem packing阀盖垫片bonnet gasket升杆式（明杆）rising stem (RS)非升杆式（暗杆）non-rising stem (NRS)指示器/限位器indicator/stopper注油器grease injector可更换的阀座环renewable seat ring1.6.2 常用阀(1）闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat开口楔形闸板split wedge挠性整体楔形闸扳flexible solid wedge整体楔形闸板solid wedge塞型闸阀plug gate valve直通型闸阀through conduit gate valve(2) 截止阀globe valve球心型阀盘globe type disc塞型阀盘plug type disc可转动的阀盘swivel disc(3) 节流闪阀throttle valve针阀needle valve(4) 角阀angle valve(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)(6) 球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve装有底轴的trunnion mounted耐火型fire safe type浮动球型floating ball type防脱出阀杆blowout proof stem(7) 蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式（薄片型）wafer type凸耳式lug type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve8) 柱塞阀piston type valve(9) 旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock(10) 隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve堰式隔膜阀weir diaphragm valve(11) 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等）(12) 止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve, flap check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve双板对夹式止回阀dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声止回阀non-slam cheek valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve; non-return valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve斜翻盘止回阀tilting disc check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve1.6.3 其它用途的阀安全泄气阀safety valve (SV)安全泄液阀relief valve (RV)安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀pilot operated safety valve复式安全泄气阀twin type safety valve罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve电磁阀solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve电动阀electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阎mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open bucket trap, open top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放气阀（自动放气阀）air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用）平板式滑动闸阀slab type sliding gate valve盖阀flat valve换向阀diverting valve, reversing valve热膨胀阀thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀self-closing gate valve自动排液阀self-draining valve管道盲板阀line-blind valve挤压阀squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）呼吸阀breather valve风门、挡板damper减压阀pressure reducing valve, reducing valve控制阀control valve膜式控制阀diaphragm operated control valve执行机构actuator背压调节阀back pressure regulating valve差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve压力比例调节阀pressure ratio regulating valve1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀切断阀block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阔jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve多通路阀multiport valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand-operated valve; manually operated valve 锻造阀forged valve铸造阀cast valve（水）龙头bibb; bib; faucet抽出液阀（小阀）bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve第一道阀；根部阀primary valve根部阀root valve总管阀header valve事故切断阀emergency valve1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时粗滤器（锥型）temporary strainer (cone type)y 型粗滤器y-type strainerT型粗滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter丝网粗滤器gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷嘴；喷头spray nozzle取样冷却器sample cooler消声器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow expansion joint单波single bellow双波double bellow多波multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节pressure balanced expansion带铰链膨胀节hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节universal type expansion joint球形补偿器ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器slip type (packed type) expansion joint单向滑动填料函补偿器single actionpacked slip joint1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element软管接头hose connection (HC)快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube鞍形补强板reinforcing saddles补强板reinforcement pad特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel排液环drip ring排液漏斗drain funnel插板blank垫环spacer8字盲板spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孔板restriction orifice爆破片rupture disk法兰盖贴面protective disc费托立克接头victaulic coupling1.8 端部连接End Connection法兰端flanged end坡口端beveled end (BE)对焊端butt welded end平端plain end (PE)承插焊端socket welding end螺纹端threaded end (TE)承口bell end焊接端welding end法兰连接（接头）flanged joint对焊连接（接头）butt welded joint螺纹连接，管螺纹连接threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接（接头）socket welded joint承插连接（接头）bell and spigot joint环垫接头ring joint (RJ)万向接头universal joint软钎焊连接（接头）soldered joint搭接接头，松套连接lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角bevel for outside thickncss内侧厚度切斜角bevel for inside thickness内外侧厚度切斜角bevel for combined thickness法兰式的flanged (FLGD)对焊的butt welded (BW)螺纹的threaded (THD)承插焊的socket welded (SW)小端为平的small end plain (SEP)大端为平的large end plain (LEP)两端平both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹one end thread (OET)支管连接branch connection焊接支管branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe 2 管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1 紧固件螺栓bolt六角头螺栓hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓square head bolt螺柱，双头螺栓stud bolt环头螺检eye bolt沉头螺栓countersunk (head) screw地脚螺栓anchor bolt; foundation bolt松紧螺旋扣（花篮螺丝）turnbuckleU形螺栓U-boltT形螺栓T-bolt圆头螺钉round head bolt机螺栓，机螺钉maehine bolt顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓Jack screw自攻螺钉self tapping screw膨胀螺栓expansion bolt粗制的coarse精制的finished, fine螺母nut六角螺母hexagonal nut方螺母square nut蝶形螺母wing nut扁螺母flat nut锁紧螺母lock nut垫圈washer平垫圈plain washer球面垫圈spherical washer弹簧垫圈spring washer方垫圈square washer斜垫圈slant washer销轴pinned shan销pin开口销cotter pin定位销dowel pin带孔销pin with hole圆锥销taper pin铆钉rivet键key2.2 螺纹左螺纹left hand thread右螺纹right hand thread管螺纹pipe thread锥管螺纹taper pipe thread直管螺纹straight pipe thread梯形螺纹trapezoid thread螺距pitch of thread粗牙螺纹coarse thread细牙螺纹fine thread特细牙螺纹extra fine thread通长螺纹full thread惠氏螺纹whitworth thread公制螺纹metric ibread美国标准锥管螺纹American standard taper pipe thread (NPT) 螺孔tap3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料3.1.1 黑色金属Ferrous Metal碳素钢carbon steel (CS)低碳钢low-carbon steel中碳钢medium-carbon steel高碳钢high-carbon steel普通碳素钢general carbon steel优质碳素钢high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢general structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢structural alloy steel合金钢alloy steel低合金钢low alloy steel中合金钢medium alloy steel高合金钢high alloy steel耐热钢heat resisting steel高强度钢high strength steel复合钢clad steel工具钢tool steel弹簧钢spring steel钼钢molybdenum steel铬钢chromium steel铬钼钢chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel 不锈钢stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢Martensitic stainless steel司特来合金（钨铬钴台金）Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金Hastelloy铬镍铁合金inconel耐热铬镍铁合金incoloy20合金20 alloy平炉钢（马丁钢）Martin steel镇静钢killed steel半镇静钢semi-killed steel沸腾钢rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel 锻钢forged steel铸钢cast steel铸铁cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁grey cast iron可锻铸铁malleable iron (MI)球墨铸铁nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁pig iron熟铁，锻铁wrought iron铸件casting高硅铸铁high silicon cast iron3.1.2 镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢chromized steel镀铬的chromium-plated, chrome-plated镀层plating锻造，型钢swage锻造的，锻造forging轧制rolling热轧hot rolling冷轧cold rolling挤压extruding冷加工cold working热加工hot working拔制drawing3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal铜，紫铜copper黄铜brass青铜bronze铝青铜aluminum bronze磷青铜phosphor bronze铝镁合金aluminum magnesium锰青铜manganese bronze蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金）Monel镍铜台金nickel copper alloy非铁合金nonferrous alloy钛titanium铅lead硬铅hard lead3.1.4 材料性能极限强度ultimate strength抗拉强度tensile strength屈服极限yield limit屈服点yield point延伸率percentage elongation抗压强度compressive strength抗弯强度bending strength弹性极限elastic limit冲击值impact value疲劳极限fatigue limit蠕变极限creep limit持久极限endurance limit布氏硬度Brinell hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness维氏硬度Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度creep rupture strength断面收缩率reduction of area韧性toughess脆性brittleness延性ductility冷脆cold shortness冷流cold flow3.2 非金属材料Non-metallic Material塑料plastic丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)聚乙烯polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯polyvinyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶styrene-rubber (SR)聚丁烯polybutylene (PB)聚丙烯polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯polystyrene (PS)氯化聚醚chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺polyamide (PA)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)氯化聚氯乙烯chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)聚偏二氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)缩醛塑料acetal plastic尼龙塑料nylon plastic聚烯烃polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料graphite phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料thermoplastic热固性塑料thermosetting plastics胶粘剂adhesive溶剂胶接剂solvent cement树脂resin环氧树脂epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂polyester resin聚酯纤维polyester fibers氟塑料fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯polyurethane丙烯酸树脂acrylic resin脲醛树脂urea resin呋哺树脂furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) 合成橡胶synthetic rubber橡胶rubber丁腈橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶neoprene天然橡胶natural rubber乙丙橡胶ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)玻璃glass硼硅玻璃borosilicate glass耐火砖fire brick陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel木材wood3.3 型材型钢shaped steel, section steel, swage角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢wide flanged beamT型钢T-bar方钢square bar扁钢flat bar角钢hexagonal steel bar圆钢round steel; rod钢带strap steel钢板plate网纹钢板checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板）web翼缘（指型钢的缘）wing3.4 填料及填料函填料packing石棉绳asbestos rope, asbestos cord．O形环O-ring自密封self-sealing四氟带Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos 浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函packing box, stuffing box填料函压盖stuffing box gland4 管道等级及材料统计4.1 管道材料规定Piping Material Specification管道等级piping class; piping classification管道等级号class designation公称直径nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size公称压力nominal pressure (PN)压力级，等级，类别class (CL)低压low pressure (L.P.)中压medium pressure (M.P.)高压high pressure (H.P.)大气压atmosphere (ATM)真空vacuum工作压力operating pressure; working pressure设计压力design pressure工作温度operating temperature设计温度design temperature环境温度ambient temperature腐蚀裕量corrosion allowance管道附件piping attachment管道元件piping element壁厚wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的，加强的extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的，双倍加强的double extra heavy, double extra strong通用连接组typieal installation分组（类）形式（如管道等级表）block form数据库data base文件file4.2 材料统计Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表summary sheet材料表bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS) 统计材料准确度accuracy of take-off材料情况报告material status report (MSR)散装材料bulk material编位号的itemized代码code number短代码short code数量quantity (QTY)重力weight净重net weight毛重gross weight再生塔regenering tower造粒塔prflling tower汽提塔stripper脱气塔degasifier合成塔synthesis tower(2) 反应器reactor聚台釜polymerizer转化器，变换器converter脱硫反应器desulphurization reactor甲烷化器methanator(3) 气柜gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐tank; storage tank缓冲罐knock out drum球罐spheroid, spherical tank罐drum接受槽receiver计量槽measuring tank加料槽feed tank排污罐blow down tank闪蒸罐flash drum汽包steam drum溶液贮槽solution storage tank地下槽sloptank(5) 其它设备分离器separator旋风分离器cyclone分子筛molecular sieve脱氧器deaerator搅拌器agitator干燥器dryer混合器mixer萃取器extractor结晶器crystallizer澄清器gravity settler净化器purifier气化器vaporizer吸附器adsorber融解槽melter减温器desuperheater升压器booster喷射器ejector喷头sprayer火炬flare消声器silencer(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器heat exchanger空冷器air cooler水冷却器water cooler冷凝器condenser螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler急冷器quencher深冷器chiller预热器preheater再热器reheater加热器heater电加热器electric heater过热器super heater给水加热器feed water heater中间冷却器inter cooler后冷却器after cooler5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉炉子furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler烟囱stack废热锅炉waste heat boiler辅助锅炉auxiliary boiler省煤器economizer回热炉direct-fired heater辐射段radiant section对流段convection section裂化炉reformer焚烧炉incinerator回转窑rotary kiln炉管furnace tube吹灰器soot blower观察孔observation door, peep door防爆门explosion door5.2 辅助用房名称5.2.1 生产用房分析室analyzer room变压器室transformer room配电室，变电所substation, switch room 蓄电池室battery room控制室control room通风室ventilating room贮藏室storage room维修间maintenance room办公室office5.2.2 生活用房更农室locker room盥洗室，厕所closet, lavatory, toilet5.3 图名管道布置平面piping arrangement plan (PAP)管道布置piping layout轴测图isometric drawing分区索引图key plan初版设备布置图（“A”版）preliminary plot plan ( “A” issue)内部审查版设备布置图（“B”版）inrernal approval plot plan ( “B” issue)用户审查版设备布置图（“C”版) owner approval plot plan ( “C” issue)确认版设备布置图（“D”版）confirm plot plan ( “D” issue)研究版设备布置图（“e”版）planning plot plan ( “E” issue)设计版设备布置图（“F”）designing plot plan ( “F” issue)施工版设备布置图（“G”版）construction plot plan ( “G” issue)5.4 厂房、站、单元压缩机房compressor house (room)泵房pump house (room)洗眼站eye washer station泡沫站foam station软管站，公用工程站hose station (HS), utility station成套设备package unit设施facilities罐区tank yard空分装置air separation facility5.5 设备布置设备位号equipment item number工厂plant工厂区界plant limit项目区界内侧inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.)项目区界batterylimit (BL)区界area limit区域边界zone iimit东east (E)西west (W)南south (S)北north (N)上up下down工厂北向plant north真实北向true north道路road小过道cat walk, cat way走道，过道walk way, gangway, access way 污水坑（井）sump pit集水池catch basin沟槽through预留区trough场地future area铺砌区paving area非铺砌区unpaved area碎石铺面gravel paving橡皮铺面rubber paving面积，区域area体积，容积volume (VOL)5.6 管道布置管道设计piping design管道研究piping study走向研究routing study重要管道critical piping地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管网network of pipes管廊pipe rack管沟piping trench管间距line spacing管道跨距line span总管header, manifold旁路by pass排液drain放空vent上升管，垂直管riser导管canduit管件直接fitting to fitting (FTF)管段，接口spool piece, spool取样接口sampling connection集液包drip leg伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing夹套管jacketed line, jacketed piping全夹套的full jacketed平面plan详图detail“ ”视图X view “X”“ ”剖视A-A section “A-A”连接图hook up drawing接续图continue on drawing (COD)接续线match line (M.L.)比例scale图例legend符号symbol管口表list of nozzles方位orientation管口方位nozzle orientation定位location相交intersection水平的horizontal垂直的，立式的vertical垂直，正交，垂直的perpendicular平行，平行的parallel水平安装horizontal installation垂直安装vertical installafion对称的symmetric相反（的），对面（的）opposite顺时针方向clock wise逆时针方向counter clock wise计算机辅助设计computer aided design (CAD) 5.7 图面标注绝对标高abselute elevation海平面标高over-sea mean level (OSL)标高，立面elevation (EL)混凝土顶面top of concrete架顶面top of support (TOS)钢结构顶面top of steel梁项面top of beam (TOB)支撑点point of suppon (POS)管顶top of pipe (TOP)管底bouom of pipe (BOP)沟底boaom of trench管子内底invert (inside bottom of pipe)底平flat on bottom (FOB)顶平flat on top (FOT)工作点working point (W.P.)面至面face to face (F-F)中心至端面center to end (C-E)中心至面center to face (C-F)中心至中心，中至中center to center (C-C) 坐标coordinate坐标原点origin of coordinate出口中心线center line of discharge入口中心线center line of suction中心线centerline (CL)入口inlet, suction出口outlet, discharge排出口exhaust距离distance5.8 相关专业的专业词汇5.8.1 工艺(1) 图及表流程图flow diagram工艺流程图process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图piping andinstrument flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表line list; line schedule命名表；管道表nomenclature设备表equipment list (schedule)(2) 流体fluid空气air仪表空气instrument air工艺空气process air低压蒸汽low pressure steam中压蒸汽medium pressure steam高压蒸汽high pressure steam伴热蒸汽tracing steam饱和蒸汽saturated steam过热蒸汽superheated steam氧气oxygen氢气hydrogen氮气nitrogen燃料气fuel gas天然气natural gas火炬气flare gas酸性气sour gas液化石油气liquefired petroleum gas (LPG) 氨气ammonia gas冷却水cooling循环水circulating water锅炉给水boiler feed water热水hot water蒸汽冷凝水steam condensate盐水brine工艺水process water化学污水chemical sewage防腐剂corrosion inhibitor重油heavy oil石脑油naphtha燃料油fuel oil润滑油lubricating oil密封油sealing oil冷冻剂refrigerant载热体heating medium溶剂solvent溶液solution母液mother liquor单体monomer聚合物polymer均聚物homopolymer共聚物copolymer工艺液体process liquid工艺气体process gas硫酸sulphuric acid盐酸chlorhydric acid烧碱caustic soda(3) 流体特性fluid characteristics蒸汽压vapor pressure临界温度critical temperature临界点critical point临界压力critical pressure比热specific heat湿度humidity密度density比重specific gravity粘度viscosity闪点flash point融点melting point凝固点freezing point浓度concentration爆炸极限limit of explosion有毒的toxic可燃的；易燃的flammable(4) 其它回收recovery再生regeneration循环cireulatlon再循环；再生recycle补充make-up制备preparation蒸汽吹扫steaming out吹扫purge抽空；排空evacuation吹出blow-off排污blow down破真空vacuum breaker大气腿barometric leg备用stand-by化学清洗chemical cleaning净正吸入压头net positive suction head (NPSH) 进料feed成品product污染contamination大气污染atmospheric pollution环境温度ambient temperature5.8.2 建筑、结构钢结构steel structure已有钢结构existing steel structure钢筋混凝土结构reinforced concrete construction 楼面floor平台platform (PF)地面ground level栏杆handrail楼梯stair; stair way直梯ladder柱column; post; stanchion基础foundation; footing粱beam斜撑；支撑bracing桁架；主粱girder构件member隔墙partition wall墙wall篦子板grate; grating吊装孔erection opening吊梁hoisting beam棚shelter窗window天窗skylight门door防火门fire door地漏floor drain防火层fire-proofing总图general plot plan路肩shoulder桩pile灌浆grouting风荷载wind load雪荷载snow load动力荷载dynamic load静荷载dead load活荷载live load风速wind velocity主导风向most frequent wind direction5.8.3 仪表盘（操作盘）panel就地盘local panel仪表盘instrument panel常开normally open常闭normally closed电缆槽（架）cable tray (channel); cable rack仪表电缆槽（架）instrument cable tray (duct)压力计manometer; pressure gauge热电偶thermocouple温度计thermometer液位计level gauge玻璃液位计gage glass温度计保护管thermowell流量计flow meter涡街流量计: Vortex Flowmeter其他流量计的翻译供参考:电磁流量计：Electromagnetic Flowmeter科里奥利质量流量计：Coriolis Mass Flowmeter明渠流量计：Open Channel Flowmeter孔板流量计：Orifice Plate Flowmeter转子流量计：Rotameter涡轮流量计：Turbine Flowmeter量热式流量计：Calorimetric Flowmeter容积流量计：Positive Displacement (PD) Flowmeters 超声波流量计：Ultrasonic Flowmeter文丘里流量计：Venturi Flowmeter热式质量流量计：Thermal Mass Flowmeter多相流量计：Multiphase Flowmeter水槽与堰道流量计：Flumes and Weirs Flowmeter孔板orifice变送器transmitter联锁interlock仪器；设备apparatus仪器分析instrumental analysis自动分析automatic analysis气体分析gas analysis化学分析chemical analysis气相色谱仪gas chromatograph液相色谱仪liquid chromatograph质谱分析mass spectrometric analysis5.8.4 电气危险区划分hazardous area classification 危险区平面图hazardous area plan电气盘electrical panel配电盘switch board电缆沟cable trench电流current直流direct current交流alternating current频率frequency相位phase功率因数power factor电压voltage电阻resistance电容capacitance静电static electricity接地grounding; easthing照明lighting; illumination避雷针lightning preventer电话telephone电线wire接线箱（盒）junction box导线管conduit tube5.8.5 设备固定鞍座fixed saddle滑动鞍座sliding saddle管口nozzle人孔manhole (MH)手孔handhole (HH)检查孔inspection hole吊柱davit切线tangent line焊接线weldingiine件号part humbet椭圆形封头ellipsoidal head加强圈reinforcing ring接地板earth lug吊耳lifting lug气缸cylinder轴shaft轴承bearing附件，附属设备accessory编位号设备itemized equipment无位号设备non-itemized equipment5.8.6 水道(1) 流体原水raw water硬水hard water软水soft water饮用水potable water循环冷却水给水cooling water supply 循环冷却水回水cooling water return 脱盐水demineralized water苦咸水（碱性水）brackish water生活污水sanitary sewer工业废水industrial waste water雨水rain water污染雨水contaminated rain water 消防水fire water(2) 装置、设施软化装置softener沉淀器settler沉淀池clarifier脱盐装置demineralizer水处理water traatment冷却塔cooling tower中和池neutralization tank化粪池septic tank渗滤井soak-away pit井well阀井valve pit清扫口clean out（3）消防消火栓hydrant水炮water monitor洒水器sprinkler水喷淋watering灭火器fire extinguisher消防水泵fire pump。
世界国家名和国家人名中英文对照表
a Serb
the Slovak Republic
Slovak
a Slovak
Sweden
Swedish
a Swede
Switzerland
Swiss
a Swiss
Thailand
Thai
a Thai
The USA
American
an American
Tunisia
Tunisian
a Tunisian
记住一句口诀：变人有单复。中日不变，英法变，其余S加后面。
不同国籍人的单复数，国家名称的形容词及名词用法
国籍
总称（谓语用复数）
单数
复数
国人
the Chinese
a Chinese
two Chinese
瑞士人
the Swiss
a Swiss
two Swiss
澳大利亚人
the Australians
an Australian
China: [ 'tʃainə] n. 中国,瓷器
Dutch: [ 'dʌtʃ] a. 荷兰的n. 荷兰人
Holland: [ 'hɔlənd ] n. 荷兰
English: [ 'iŋgliʃ] a. 英国的,英国人的n. 英语
England: [ 'inglənd ] n. 英格兰,英国
Finnish: [ 'finiʃ] n. 芬兰人
德国人
the Germans
a Germans
two Germans
英国人
the English
an Englishman
two Englishmen
中英文对照表(专业、月份、性别)
Materials Processing and Control Engineering Materials Physics Measuring & Control Technology and Instrumentation City Planning Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering Electrical Engineering and Automation Electronic Science and Technology Electronic and Information Engineering Sculpture Law Port, Waterway and Coastal Engineering Polymer Science and Materials Project Management Engineering Mechanics Business Administration Industrial Design Public Utilities Management Optical Information Science and Technology Broadcasting and Television Science International Economics and Trades(Intensive English) Process Equipment and Control Chinese Language and Literature Chemical Engineering and Technology Environmental Engineering Mechanical Design & Manufacturing and Its Aut
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中英文對照表
客戶提供 底蓋螺絲裝配示意圖 配帶螺絲裝配示意圖 注:外觀仕樣請參照客戶3D圖;
打磨仕樣參照客板,全圓砂.
打磨全光令 注:內罩試配機芯為准.
電三層防反光膜
注:耳孔位尺寸配帶OK為准.
注:字面腳釘配机芯做.
共___頁, 第___頁
錐形彈簧 12時定位點 9時米位,配罩
共24齒 逆時120齒均布 行程必須大於或等於130絲 行程要求40C以上 壓縮50絲後,頂力大於或等於0.9kg
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22)壓縮 50 絲後,頂力大於或等於 0.7kg.: Traction force must over 0.70kg when compression at 0.50mm.
23)此款是配石英機芯/機械機芯: For Quartz / Automatic movement 24)行程要求 40C 以上: Travel 0.40mm min. 25)錐形彈簧: Conical spring 26)1N14K 金色: 1N14 27)玫瑰金: Rose Gold 28)壓縮前/壓縮後: Before compression / After compression 29)彈簧用 304 料: Spring material SUS304 30)定位點: Locating mark 31)9H 米位,配罩: Slot for movement holder fixing 32)配帶裝配示意圖: Bracelet assembly drawing 33)改刀口位 Change of opening slot 刀口位 Opening slot
圖紙配件清單
本厂型號:
客戶編號:
版本:
共___頁, 第___頁
等級：
圖紙清單
序號
圖紙名稱(中英文)
用料清單 規格
裝配圖 裝配圖 裝配圖 殼圖 殼圖 耳仔圖 圈口 圈口 內映圈 底蓋圖 玻璃 內罩 字面圖 I令圖 O令圖 巴管 3時巴的 9時巴的 按的
生耳圖 生耳圖
見圖 見圖 見圖 見圖 見圖 見圖 見圖 見圖
重新設計
加電鍍
加圖
采購用圖
僅供QA及采購用圖
砂(周邊)
光(周龹)
改尺寸
此面電2-3層防反光膜
彈簧材料:304
材料:316LF
除了材料/電鍍不同外,其餘完全同XXXXX !
改巴的字嘜 圖中尺寸為成品尺寸，殼底、絲孔、O令坑、藏底位需焊接後再車准，需預留余量。
注:圈胚同XXXXX 殼與耳仔焊接后加工; 注:AA負責
34)裝配時字印要按圖對位: Our own process no need to mention to customer.
35) 配陶瓷圈粘鎢鋼字釘用底字印圖:Do not mention in this way. Use customer style number. 36) 配全陶瓷圈用底字印圖. Do not mention in this way. Use customer style number.
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中英文對照表
注:A部分是跳號，鐳射，其余酸蝕。
共___頁, 第___頁
底內魚鱗紋 電鍍邊 防反光 配帶寬度 壓縮前 壓縮後 銀底黑字 胚出 燒焊 透明滴膠,于藍光下要呈綠色. Fill in with transparent colorit Green colour in blue light. 注意:要反車牙，圈逆時針鎖緊。 膠水 LOCTITE 326,快干劑 9649 裝飾圈
37) 取消 Cancel 彈珠 Spring ball 改 Change to 彈弓片:Ratch Spring 38) 取消 Cancel 彈珠吼 Spring ball hole 及改 change 尺寸:dimension 39) 改底螺絲吼位置:Change back screw location.
共___頁, 第___頁
圖紙配件清單 圖紙清單 用料清單
中英文對照表
品質 板期
圖紙名稱(中英文)
規格書
本厂型號
客戶編號
圈口
客戶編號
殼
版本
玻璃位
等級
玻璃
序號
開面
零件編號
內映圈開面
規格
字面
材料种類
絲孔
用料數量
絲孔
備注
底蓋
制表
機芯
繪制
巴芯
檢查
字釘
批准
電池
日期
底紋
修改
膠水
標題
鑽石
机芯
至中心
防水
交點
單位
象限點
20)要求生耳彈力足夠大!: Our own process no need to mention to customer. (營業部 Sandy: Keep the spring bar can compression enough!)
21)行程必須大於或等於 130 絲: Travel must more or equal to 1.30mm
14) 底蓋底片:------- ??? 15)底蓋字印圖: Case back marking drawing 16)粘膠水: By glue
17) 注：1)所有尺寸，公差，外形必須照足圖紙盡量用 CNC 或五軸機加工，客人要求很高! Our own process no need to mention to customer. : 18) 除了電鍍不同外,其餘完全同 BMC1457CB !:Except different plating, others same as BMC1457CB 19)配皮帶/鋼帶用生耳: Spring bar for strap/bracelet fitting
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中英文對照表
整周均勻分布2個 巴的字嘜展開圖 圈口弧度輿殼弧度要順，不可起級. 加電池托 加電池托 帶"*"尺寸需配底蓋OK為准 注:孔位尺寸實際配合OK為准. 注:圖中所標注尺寸為成品圖尺寸，未留加工余量.
豎直砂 9H-12H砂 太陽砂 拉斜砂 光(周邊) 砂(周邊) 溜光
雙托生耳 無托生耳 粘膠水
中英文對照表
打磨 電鍍 滴膠(黑色) 燒青 深蝕 酸蝕 蝕字 鐳射 打字 凸嘜 雕刻 印刷 貼釘 種釘 斜窗 平窗 不用利角 硬度 加厚
共___頁, 第___頁
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見圖
見圖
夈注:
備注
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1) 鋼色: SS 2) 24 齒: 24 Teeth 3) 壓縮前: Before compression 4) 壓縮後: After compression 5) 重新設計: Redesign 6) 跳字碼: Serial Number 7) 跟客 PO 單: Refer to customer PO. 8) 底編號: Case back reference number / Style number 9) 對照右表: - Refer to next table 10) 嘜頭及字体深蝕: Deep etching marking 11) 底跳字碼個數跟客 PO 單: Serial number refer to customer PO. 12)不同個數的跳字碼的寬度必須對應上圖中的寬度: -- Our own process no need to mention to customer. 13)不同個數的跳字碼必須按底蓋中心線/角度線分中: Our own process no need to mention to customer.
中英文對照表
共___頁, 第___頁
加工後 注:此圖為胚圖,已留加工余量. Remark: This drawing is for the case blank, had make the spare space.
注:顏色必須透明. 兩層密實
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共___頁, 第___頁
注:標准潛水扣是指配有安全扣及延 伸板的龜背扣
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中英文對照表
裝配圖
八角線
殼圖
彈弓片
耳仔圖
彈珠
3H大身鎖片
裝飾釘
圈口
面靜電保護貼
內映圈
底靜電保護貼
內映圈
雙面膠紙
男裝 中裝 女裝 自動機 石英機 多功能計時機 時針 分針 秒針 小秒針 計時針 24小時針 首板 配帶板 外觀板(影相板) 技術板 銷售板(大貨板) 大貨 普通蝴蝶扣
彈弓/雙按蝴蝶扣
潛水扣
珠寶扣 皮帶扣 彈弓扣 利仔
中英文對照表
配帶圖 表帶 鋼帶 皮帶 網帶 膠帶 片帶 彈弓帶 頭珠 中珠 邊珠 尾珠 拆生珠 頂死 半跌 全跌
共___頁, 第___頁
注：請保證按的按動順滑，的頭不能擦花；
注:有紅線,帶低粘性.
注:配圈子口位請參照技術板.
跳字碼鐳射跟客PO單
取消圖標記 加一個點 注:帶*號尺寸以試配彈珠松緊OK為准
彈簧要有4圈 注:未標注R之橢圓為標准橢圓
仕樣：Style
整周： whole week
IP黑： IP black
象牙
米色/灰褐色
銀
半光銀
啞銀白
太紗銀
軍綠
棕/咖/褐