专业英语课件(第3章)

3.1 Computer programming

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Reliability：how often the results of a program are correct. This depends on conceptual correctness of algorithms，and minimization of programming mistakes, such as mistakes in resource management(e.g. , buffer overflows and race conditions) and logic errors(such as division by zero or off-by-one errors)．
3.1 Computer programming

Robustness ： how well a program anticipates problems not due to programmer error ． This includes situations such as incorrect, inappropriate corrupt data ， unavailability of needed resources such as memory ， operating system services and network connections ， and user error．

Different indentation styles(whitespace) Comments Decomposition
Naming conventions for objects(such as variables，classes， procedures, etc)
3.1 Computer programming
3.1 Computer programming

Maintainability: the ease with which a program can be modified by its present or future developers in order to make improvements or customizations，fix bugs and security holes，or adapt it to new environments．Good practices during initial development make the difference in this regard ． This quality may not be directly apparent to the end user but it can significantly affect the fate of a program over the long term．
3.1 Computer programming
In computer programming，readability of the source code refers to the ease with which a human reader can comprehend the purpose, control flow, and operation of source code. It affects the aspects of quality above，including portability, usability and most importantly maintainability. Readability is important because programmers spend the majority of their time reading，trying to understand and modifying existing source code, rather than writing new source code. Unreadable code often leads to bugs ， inefficiencies，and duplicated code．A study found that a few simple readability transformations made code shorter and drastically reduced the time to understand it．
3.1 Computer programming
Following a consistent programming style often helps readability. However, readability IS more than just programming style. Many factors contribute to readability. Some of these factors include：
3.1 Computer programming

Portability ： the range of computer hardware and operating system platforms on which the source code of a program can be compiled/interpreted and run．This depends on differences in the programming facilities provided by the different platforms， including hardware and operating system resources ， expected behavior of the hardware and operating system ， and availability of platform specific compilers(and sometimes libraries)for the language of the source code.
3.1 Computer programming
Within software engineering, programming(the implementation)is regarded as one phase in a software development process. Whatever the approach to software development may be ， the final program must satisfy some fundamental properties. The following properties are among the most relevant：
3.1 Computer programming

Efficiency/performance ： the amount of system resources a program consumes (processor time， memory space ， slow devices such as disks ， network bandwidth and to some extent even user interaction) ： the less ， the better ． This also includes correct disposal of some resources，such as cleaning up temporary files and lack of memory leaks .
3.1 Computer programming
Different programming languages support different styles of programming(called programming paradigms)．The choice of language used is subject to many considerations．Ideally，the programming language best suited for the task at hand will be selected.
The academic field and the engineering practice of computer programming are both largely concerned with discovering and implementing the most efficient algorithms for a given class of problem． For this purpose，algorithms are classified into orders using so—called Big 0 notation， O(n)，which expresses resource use，such as execution time or memory consumption, in terms of the size of an input．Expert programmers are familiar with a variety of well—established algorithms and their respective complexities and use this knowledge to choose algorithms that are best suited to the circumstances．
unit 3 Programming and Programming Languages
3.1 Computer programming 3.2 C++ and Object-Oriented Programming

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计算机专业英语ppt课件

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专业英语的时态特点
❖ 就时态而言，因为专业科技文献所涉及的内容（如科学定义、定理、方程式或公式、图表等）一般并没有特定的时间关系，所以在专业文献中大部分都使用一般现在时。
❖ 至于一般过去时、一般完成时也在专业英语中经常出现，如科技报告、科技新闻、科技史料等。
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准确性
专业英语的准确性主要表现在用词上。然而在语法结构上也有其特点。例如，为了准确精细地描述事物过程，所用句子都较长有些甚至一段就是一个句子。长句反映了客观事物中复杂的关系，它与前述精练的要求并不矛盾，句子长结构仍是精练的，只是包含的信息量大，准确性较高。
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计算机专业英语的特点
❖常用It … 句型结构 ❖ 单个动词比动词词组用得频繁 ❖ 常使用动词或名词演化成的形容词 ❖ 希腊词根和拉丁词根比例大 ❖ 专业术语多 ❖ 半技术词汇多 ❖ 用虚拟语气表达假设或建议 ❖ 缩略语使用频繁
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专业英语的语法特点
❖客观（objectivity） ❖精练（conciseness） ❖准确（accuracy）
专业英语中的长句
❖ 面对长句，要进行语法分析。
❖ 语法分析主要从两点入手，第一是找出谓语，然后找主语。一般英语句子不像汉语那样经常省略主语，而是由主语和谓语一起构成句子的核心。
❖ 第二是找出连接词。英语和汉语的另一个不同是汉语句子的分句之间常常没有连接词，而英语句子和分句之间一般都有连接词连接。
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《专业英语基础知识》课件

第四章：英语作基础
写作思路和逻辑的基础
建立系统的写作思路和逻辑，提升写作能力
语言风格和表达技巧
培养优美的语言风格和熟练的表达技巧
常见写作错误及避免方法
分析常见的写作错误并学习避免方法
第五章：文化背景和专业术语
英语国家文化与生活背景
了解英美等国家的文化背景和生活习惯
专业术语的翻译和使用方法
分析专业术语的意义，掌握其使用方法和翻译方法
《专业英语基础知识》 PPT课件
本课程意在提高学生的英语听说读写能力，培养学生从事专业研究的基础英语水平。通过全方位的讲解介绍，让你轻松掌握英语学习的技巧，迅速提升英语能力。
第一章：英语学习技巧
1 背景和意义
2 方法和技巧
了解英语的优势和必要性
掌握科学有效的英语学习方法
3 常见问题及解决方
案
讨论英语学习中最常见的问题和应对方法
第二章：英语语法基础
词法基础
学习单词词义、形态和变化
句法基础
掌握英语句子结构、主语谓语一致、时态语态、复合句和并列句
第三章：英语听力技巧和口语训练
1
提高听力技巧
学习提高听力技巧的方法和技巧
2
口语练习
实用ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้口语练习方法和技巧
3
发音校准和避免常见语音错误
学习正确的发音和纠正常见的语音错误
第六章：英语考试和学习资源
1
英语考试类型及备考方法
分析常见的英语考试类型，学习备考
学习资源及其使用方法
2
方法
介绍常用的英语学习资源及其使用方法
总结
1 英语学习的必要性
和重要性
总结英语学习的必要性和重要性

新能源汽车专业英语3-1

n.失活，钝化
[ɪ'lektrəʊmægnət] n.电磁体，电磁铁
['enədʒaɪz]
vt.给…加电压，通电
[ֽห้องสมุดไป่ตู้lə'streɪʃn]
n.说明，插图
[lu:p]
n.圈，环，回路
[mæ g'netɪk]
adj.有磁性的，磁性的
3.2 Construction and Principle 结构与原理
electric vehicles: the direct current (DC) motor and the alternating current (AC) motor.
3.1 Types of Traction Motors 牵引电动机的类型
DC motors
In most electric industrial trucks, the serieswound DC motors, as shown in Figure 3.1a, are used. In these motors, the field and armature windings are in series. Representative torquepower-speed characteristics of this type of motor are shown in Figure 3.1b. While the efficiency of the series-wound DC motor is relatively low, it is still being used because of its simple design and low cost.
Separately excited (shunt) DC motors are also used in some electric vehicles.

专业英语课件Unit 3

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Language points
机电专业英语徐存善主编
2. For turning operations, the lathe uses a single-point cutting tool, which removes metal as it travels past the revolving workpiece. 译文：在车削操作中，车床用一个单刃切削刀具在旋转的工件上进行金属切削。说明：句中句中which removes metal as it travels past the revolving workpiece.是非限制性定语从句，对a single-point cutting tool作补充说明作用。 turning ['tə:niŋ] n. 转向；旋转；回转；转弯处v. 旋转（turn的ing形式） 1) related phrases：turning moment 转矩；turning machine 车床 2）The top is turning like a screw. 那顶端象螺丝一样地旋转着。 3）Spin the pendulum round by turning the red knob. 转动红色的把手使钟摆开始转动。
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机电专业英语徐存善主编
Grinding Grinding makes use of abrasive particles to do the cutting. Grinding operations may be classified as precision or nonprecision, depending on the purpose. Precision grinding is concerned with grinding to close tolerances and very smooth finish. Nonprecision grinding involves the removal of metal where accuracy is not important.

lesson 3-——大学英语课件

vocabulary
gross
At first only gross changes and later microscopic findings were demonstrated.
开始仅显示出肉眼看得到的变化，后来则显示出显微镜下看到的变化。
In such instances, gross autopsy findings usually consist only of pulmonary edema and visceral congestion.
The WHO has defined health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”.
Prefix and suffix
Chromo-(color) chromosome （染色体） chromogenesis （色素形成） chromoscope （色觉检查器） chromocyte （色素细胞） chromogene （染色体基因） Chrono-(time) chronic （慢性的） chronological （按年代顺序的） synchronize （同步化） chronobiology （时间生物学） chronometer （记时计）
vocabulary
manifestation
Clinical manifestations include chest pain, hypotension, and cardiac dysrhythmias.
临床表现为胸痛、低血压和心律失常。
Digitalis toxicity has several manifestations.

专业英语PPT完整版资料

China • 麻省理工学院 The Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
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• （4）图题中一般可以省去冠词。下面例子中带下划线的词的前面就省略了冠词。
• 图2-1用旋转矢量的垂直分量来产生正弦波 • Figure 2-1 Generation of sine wave by vertical component of
current,voltage and resistance. • 晶体管是由发射极、基极和集电极三部分构成
的。 • A transisitor consists of three parts:emitter,base
and collector.
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• （6）表示独一无二的人之前不用冠词。 • 这被称为1赫兹，以纪念无线电波的发现者海
network.
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• 3.特殊情况 • （1）在表示某个参数的单位的词前往往用
定冠词。 • 电位差的单位为伏特。 • The unit of potential difference is the volt. • 电容的单位为法拉。 • The uint of capacitance is the farad.
• 该电阻上的电压为零点几伏。 • The voltage across the resistor is a few (或 several ) tenths
of a volt. • 这根导线的电阻为零点零几欧姆。 • The resistance of the wire is a few (或 several ) hundredths
called a Watt(W),in honor of James Watt,developer of the steam engine.

医护英语 Unit 3课件

heart disease, heart failure, etc. Once diagnosed with CVDs, patients are typically
prescribed medication that will regulate cardiovascular functions and are usually
Appendicitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix, which has been recognized as one of the most common causes of severe acute abdominal pain. Once a diagnosis of appendicitis is made, appendectomy is usually performed to remove the inflamed appendix. Antibiotics are always begun prior to surgery and as soon as appendicitis is suspected. Normally, the patient stays in the hospital for less than a week and can usually count on being back to a normal routine in three weeks. Once the useless appendix is removed, there is no danger of appendicitis recurring.
8 Vocabulary and Structure

计算机专业英语第三章

计算机专业英语
》》
UNIT THREE

keep track of 明了 free adj.自由的，免费的，空闲的 multiprogramming 多道程序 allocate vt.分派，分配 reclaim vt.要求归还，收回 no longer 不再 terminate v.停止，结束，终止
n.资源，财力，办法，智谋
计算机专业英语
》》
UNIT THREE

Memory Management Functions Keep track of the memory. What parts are in use and by whom? What parts are free? If multiprogramming, decide which process gets memory, when it gets it and how much. Allocate the memory, and reclaim the memory when the process no longer needs it or has been terminated.

计算机专业英语
》》
UNIT THREE
4. A user communicates with the operating system through . a. instructions c. hardware b. a program d. a command language 5. The operating system is loaded by . a. the command processor b. a boot c. the program loader d. an interrupt

信息科学类专业英语(第二版)第3章

This report first gives a discussion on scientific computing on GPUs. Then, we describe the porting of an HPC benchmark application to the NVIDIA TESLA GPU architecture, and give performance results comparing to use of a standard CPU.
Applications such as rendering are highly parallel in nature, and can keep the cores busy, resulting in a significant performance improvement over use of a standard CPU. For applications less susceptible to such high levels of parallelisation, the extent to which the available performance can be harnessed will depend on the nature of the application and the investment put into software development.[2]
accompany standard Central Processing Units (CPUs) in consumer PCs, are special purpose processors designed to efficiently perform the calculations necessary to generate visual output from program data. Video games have particularly high rendering demands, and this market has driven the development of GPUs, which in comparison to CPUs, offer extremely high performance for the monetary cost.