同济夜大2017英语期末考题

同济大学继续教育学院2017学年秋季学期期终考试专升本复习卷Part I. Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage OneFor the most part, rapid economic development has been a boon. But there is a down side to development –health problems such as overweight are all becoming more prevalent, as more people take taxis to work instead of riding their bicycles, and other labor-saving devices become more popular.An increasing fast pace of life makes it difficult for people to spend time working out or playing sports. “I know exercise is good for your health,” a young lady sai d. “But after a busy work week, the only thing I want to do is watch some TV and go to sleep.” That attitude may explain the results of a recent nationwide study, which suggested 15 percent of urban adults I China are overweight, a large number of people over the age of 40 suffer from high blood pressure and cardiac ailments.Local researchers found that 31.2 percent of elderly respondents were getting enough exercise, but less than 9 percent of youngsters and the middle-aged got an adequate amount of physical activity.Elderly people understand the importance of protecting their health. The young people, however, are busy working and use this as a n excuse to avoid exercise. In fact, physical exercise doesn’t require much time, money or a special gymnasium. People can make use of any time and any place at their convenience to take part in sports. Walking quickly, cycling, climbing the stairs and dancing are all helpful methods to enhance one’s health.The benefits of adding a little more activity to your lift are priceless. “There is no need to be an athlete, however,” a local doctor sai d. People should walk for 30 minutes a day and take part in other physical activity three to five times a week. He warns, however, that people in poor physical shape should start slowly, and build up over time.China has taken the need for more exercise to heart, with the government running several activities last Sunday, which was the designated World Health Day. Pamphlets and posters based on the theme “Move for Health” were distributed nationwide, encouraging people to develop a positive and healthy lifestyle.1.Rapid economic development has resulted in all the following except ____.A.an increasing number of taxi passengersB.the wide use of labor-saving devicesC.an increasingly fast pace of lifeD.people’s awareness of the importance of exercise2.Some people are getting overweight because ____.A.they are too busy to have any time for exerciseB.they are ignorant of the benefits of exerciseC.they are too weak to participate in physical activityD.they are short of money to pay for different exercises3.According to the passage, who need regular daily exercise most?A.People taking taxis to work.B.Urban adults with full-time jobs.C.Elderly people suffering from high blood pressure.D.Youngsters dreaming of becoming professional athletes.4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph but one?A.Many people are still unable to afford the cost of physical exercises.B.Nobody should take part in physical activity in order to be an athlete.C.Moderate physical exercise is usually enough for ordinary people.D.Old or sick people should only take part in physical exercises of the slowest type.5.By referring to rapid economic development as “a boon” at the beginning of the passage, theauthor means that ____.A.it has benefited the general public greatlyB.it has done harm to people’s health nationwideC.it is going faster than anyone could have imaginedD.it has helped to establish a positive and health lifestyle of the publicPassage TwoFor Roy Johnson, a senior magazine editor, the latest indignity came after a recent dinner at a fancy restaurant in the wealthy New York City suburb where he and his family live. First the parking valet handed him the keys to his Jaguar instead of fetching the car. Then an elderly white couple came out and handed hi the keys to their black Mercedes-Benz. “It took them a while to realize that I was not a valet,” says Johnson.“It didn’t matter that I was dressed for dinner and had paid a handsome price for the meal, just as he had. What mattered was that I didn’t fit his idea of someone who could be equal to him.”Such incidents, which are depressingly familiar to African-Americans of all ages, incomes and social classes, help explain why black and white attitudes often differ so completely. A recent survey found that 68 percent of blacks believe racism is still a major problem in America. Only 38 percent of whites agreed.Many Americans find the gulf between blacks and whites bewildering. After all, official segregation is a bad memory and 40 years of laws, policies and court decisions have helped African-Americans make significant progress toward equal opportunity. Indeed, a black man born iin Harlem could be the nation’s next president.But racism persists, unmistakable to every black but largely invisible to many whites. It is evident in the everyday encounters. African-Americans have with racial prejudice and discrimination, like the valet parking incident. Such encounters often strike whites as trivial misunderstandings. But they remind blacks that they are often dismissed as less intelligent, less industrious, less honest and less likely to succeed. Some insults are patently racist; others may be evidence of insensitivity or bad manners rather than racial prejudice. But the accumulation of insults feeds anger.“What is amazing to me is the number of whites who express surprise that any of this happens,”observes Mary Frances Berry, chairperson of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, who says she hasbeen watched at shopping malls.6.The Word “valet” in the first paragraph most ly probably means ____.A. a restaurant ownerB. a driver of expensive carsC. a wealthy-looking gentlemanD. a restaurant employee taking care of the cars of the diners7.Roy Johnson was unfairly treated because ____.A.his car was inferior in qualityB.he forgot to wear proper clothesC.he failed to express himself clearlyD.he is black8.From the passage we can learn that ____.A.both blacks and whites are bewildered by racismB.examples of racism are common in the USC.some government officials have very bad memoriesD. a black man born in Harlem will be the next US president9.It is implied in the passage that many white people deny the presence of racism in the USbecause ____.A.they tend to regard instances of racism as trivial misunderstandingB.they have never seen any instance of racism in their countryC.they believe that black people are inherently less intelligent and less industriousD.they have always treated black people as their equals10.Judging from the context, the most possible explanation for Mary Frances Berry’s being watchedat shopping malls is that ____.A.she was a national celebrityB.she didn’t fit people’s idear of an Afro-American womanC.many people nowadays are insensitive and rudeD.she is blackPassage ThreeAs a century of grand retailing comes to a close, the 94-year0old “merchant prince of Teas”–who turned Neiman Marcus from a small specialty shop into one of the world’s major retail stores –says department stores today must recreate themselves if they are to survive.Marcus is worried about that customer service is being igored. He considers hoe shopping networks “a step above snake oil peddlers”. And despite all the advantages he sees in selling over the Internet, he says it is no substitute for a good salesperson.Today, as head of his own Dallas consultancy firm, Marcus is moving into the next century advocating the same philosophy he held throughout the 20th century: focus on quality and service, and sales will take care of themselves.“I’ve always believed that quality is remembered long after the price is forgotten,” says Marcus, who still makes regular visits to the flagship Neiman Marcus store in downtown Dallas, where he looks over new fashion lines, examines the latest fine imported luggage and greets young salespeople eager to talk with him. “The price of a great meal disappears from the memory, but the price of a bad one will be remembered for years. If you force a bad buy on a customer, he will never forgive you.”Marcus puts much of the blame on business schools for what he sees a lack of quality – and vitality –in department stores. He says the schools are turning out graduates who are excellent money managers and cost cutters, but who lack the skills that helped make the great stores like Macy’s, and his own, into retailing legends. The MBA programs do not teach principles of selling, principles of human understanding, principles of leadership speaking, which, he believes, is the most important thing.“I do not want ‘trained’ salespeople. The word training is the most terrible word. You train dogs and bears to do repetitive action. But with people, you educate them, because no amount of training takes the place of experience that enables them to answer all the questions that customers will ask.”11.What is the problem with department stores today?A.Neglect of customer service.B.Excessive running costs.C.Fierce challenge from the home shopping network.D.Uncompetitive prices.12.In Marcus’s view, good salespeople ____.A.will soon be replaced by the InternetB.can compete with peddlersC.ensure the success of a retailing businessD.have recreated department stores13.Which of the following is likely to be long remembered?A.Good service.B.The price of a bad buy.C.The price of a good buy.D.Good quality.14.What is the problem with MBA programs?A.Failure to teach principles of human understanding.B.Too much emphasis on cost cutting.ck of vitality.D.Neglect of strict training.15.What is the major difference between training and educating according to Marcus?A.Training is applied to animals while educating is applied to humans.B.Training is a terrible word while educating is a wonderful one.C.Training enables the trainee to imitate while educating enriches his experience.D.Training is aimed at action while educating is aimed at answering questions.Passage FourSeveral commentators and scientists have suggested that it might in some cases be ethically acceptable to clone existing people. One possibility is generating a replacement for a dying relative. All such possibilities, however, raise the concern that the clone would be treated as less than a complete individual, because he or she would likely be subjected to limitations and expectations based on the family’s knowledge of the genetic “twin.” Those expectations might be false, because human personality is only partly determined by genes. The clone of an extrovert(性格外向的人) could have a quite different way of behavior. Clone of athletes, movie stars, entrepreneurs or scientists might well choose different careers because of chance events in early life.Some people have also put forward the notion that couples in which one member is infertile might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner. But society ought to be concerned that a couple might not treat naturally a child who is a copy fo just one of them. Because other methods are available for the treatment of all known types of infertility, conventional therapeutic avenues seem more appropriate. None of the suggested uses of cloning for make copies of existing people is ethically acceptable to my way of thinking, because they are not in the interests of the resulting child. It should go without saying that I am strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos to develop so that they can be tissue donors.It nonetheless seems clear that cloning from cultured cells will offer important medical opportunities. Predictions about new technologies are often wrong: societal attitudes change; unexpected developments occur. Time will tell. But biomedical researchers looking into the potential of cloning now have plenty to do.16.What is the author’s concern about cloning an existing person?A.The clone created will have one defect or another.B.The clone created will be mistreated.C.The clone created is unlikely to fulfill your expectations.D.The clone created is ethically unacceptable.17.It can be inferred from the text that a clone will ____.A.choose the same career as the person it is created fromB.behave in the same way as the person it is created fromC.share the same characteristics with the person it is created fromD.be partially similar in personality to the person it is created from18.According to the passage, one’s personality is determined by ____.A.their genesB.the environment they live inC.both their genes and the environment they live inD.neither their genes nor the environment they live in19.In the author’s view, which of the following uses of cloning is justifiable?A.To replace a lost relative.B.To help childless couples to have a baby.C.To develop tissue donors.D.To culture cells for medical purposes.20.What is the author’s attitude towards cloning technology?A.It should be condemned.B.It has medical potential for scientists to explore.C.It should wait till people’s views change.D.It was unethical from the very beginning.Part II. Vocabulary & Structure (30%)1.As the semester is drawing to an end, the student union is calling on all the students to ____ thetemptation to cheat on exams.A. refuseB. rejectC. resistD. resolve2.You don’t agree with me on this matter, I know, but ____ you’ll see I am in the right.A. at timesB. in timeC. at one timeD. all the time3.As some of the rules concerning foreign trade ran contrary to the principles of the WTO, thegovernment decided to ____ them as soon as possible.A. abolishB. accomplishC. distinguishD. establish4.It is impossible for me to sing a song these days, for my voice is ____.A. going ofB. going toC. going offD. going away5.The old man regained consciousness and found himself lying in a room which had nothing but____ walls.A. blankB. emptyC. vacantD. bare6.The typical symptom of the epidemic SARS is ____ high fever and acute cough.A. persistentB. resistantC. subsequentD. perseverant7.The Christmas dinner includes poultry for the main course, salad, bread, and vegetables, and____ a variety of desserts, for example, pies, puddings and ice-cream.A. involvesB. featuresC. characterizesD. protrudes8.____ the events of last week, I think, we could have handled things more efficiently.A. Falling back onB. Looking back onC. Getting back onD. Going back on9. A suicide bomb exploded in a Jewish ____, killing dozens of people.A. siteB. plantationC. terminalD. settlement10.In the last few years, the Internet and the World Wide Web have become ____ words; almosteveryone has heard of them.A. familyB. homeC. houseD. household11.It can said without exaggeration that no part of the United States is not easily accessible by car,by train, or by air, and ____ by all the three of them.A. more often thanB. more often than notC. no more often thanD. less often than12.While freshmen are considered part of the academic elite(精英), some of them appear to lackcommon sense ____ following traffic regulations.A. coming toB. when coming toC. when it comes toD. when they come to13.Dangerous animals such as bears and wolves can be ____ by lighting a fire when you gocamping in a virgin forest.A. kept in handB. kept at bayC. kept in touchD. kept in mind14.As she matured as an artist, she ____ realize that “all artists are a product of their culture”.A. came toB. kept toC. took toD. went to15.He always uses the same ____ of lies to cheat strangers.A. numberB. flockC. groupD. web16.Many European countries ____ all alliance(同盟) against Hitler’s military invasion.A. passed forB. forgedC. compelledD. authorized17.Because of the mad cow disease, the European Union ____ a worldwide ban on British beef andbeef product exports.A. challengedB. chargedC. forgedD. imposed18.The ancient tribes there are supposed ____ from the mainland to the island.A. to moveB. to be movingC. to have movedD. to have been moving19.Bicycle riders want the city government to set aside special lanes(行车道) for bicycles on some ofthe main streets, but though they have got some supporters, ____ likes the idea.A. everyoneB. not everyoneC. no oneD. someone20.On Children’s Day, our nieces and nephews were taken to the department store and then ____to pick their favorite toys.A. set outB. let aloneC. brushed asideD. turned loose21.Even when the houses are exactly ____, as they are in many housing developments, clusterplanning adds interest and variety to the scene.A. likelyB. alikeC. aliveD. same22.What I have said about this person ____ anyone else when I find trespassing(非法侵入) on my land.A. stands forB. speaks forC. goes forD. struggles for23.Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-handedor incompetent public officers. The system has worked so well that it has been ____ in other countries, too.A. adaptedB. takenC. adoptedD. importedck of employment outside the home tends to make women ____ to depression.A. vulnerableB. immuneC. indifferentD. sensitive25.Success in anything will not just happen. ____ your abilities and skill mastery, you will need tomanage your time efficiently in order to succeed in college.A. Regardless ofB. Because ofC. Instead ofD. Proud of26.The long war that broke out in 1861 make the country suffer a lot and thus ____ its wealth.A. dismissedB. dissolvedC. deducedD. diminished27.To protect the environment, scientists and engineers are researching ways to ____ electricitymore cheaply from such renewable energy sources as the wind and sun.A. generateB. manufactureC. constructD. transform28.I don’t think the young children wil l really ____ the foreign travel.A. evaluateB. calculateC. appreciateD. formulate29.In this part of the city you have to keep your ____ about you all the time when you are driving.A. eyesB. witsC. mindsD. brains30.For traditional Chinese painters, fame and fortune come late, and it is ____ for artists to hold theirfirst exhibitions when they are over seventy years old.A. hardly commonB. less frequentC. not unheard ofD. just usualPart III. Cloze (20%)As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving unsteadily through the air, and __1__ the passengers had fastened their seat belts, they were suddenly __2__ forward. At that moment, the air-hostess __3__. She looked very pale, but was quite __4__. Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she __5__ everyone that the pilot had __6__ and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machine – or at __7__ how to drive a car. After a moment’s __8__, a man got up and followed the hos tess into the pilot’s cabin.Moving the pilot __9__, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the __10__ instructions that were being sent by radio from the airport __11__. The plane was now dangerously close __12__ the ground, but to everyone’s __13__, it soon began to climb. The man had to __14__ the airport several times in order to become __15__ with the controls of the plane. __16__ the danger had not yet passed. The terrible __17__ came when he had to land. Following __18__, the man guided the plane toward the airfield. It shook violently __19__ it touched the ground and then moved rapidly __20__ the runway and after a long run it stopped safely.1. a. although b. while c. therefore d. then2. a. shifted. b. thrown c. put d. moved3. a. showed b. presented c. exposed d. appeared4. a. well b. still c. calm d. quiet5. a. inquired b. insured c. informed d. instructed6. a. fallen b. failed c. faded d. fainted7. a. best b. least c. length d. first8. a. hesitation b. surprise c. doubt d. delay9. a. back b. aside c. about d. off10. a. patient b. anxious c. urgent d. nervous11. a. beneath b. under c. down d. below12. a. to b. by c. near d. on13. a. horror b. trust c. pleasure d. relief14. a. surround b. circle c. observe d. view15. a. intimate b. familiar c. understood d. close16. a. Then b. Therefore c. But d. Moreover17. a. moment b. movement c. idea d. affair18. a. impression b. information c. inspections d. instructions19. a. as b. unless c. while d. so20. a. around b. over c. along d. above Part IV. Translation (20%)1．至于这本杂志，它刊载世界各地许多报刊杂志上文章的摘要。