骑士时代 英文
中世纪单词
中世纪单词单词：knight1.1 词性：名词1.2 中文释义：骑士，中世纪的武士1.3 英文释义：A man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted warrior in the Middle Ages.1.4 同义词：cavalier---2 起源与背景2.1 词源：源自日耳曼语，与骑马和战斗有关。
2.2 趣闻：在中世纪，骑士被视为勇敢和荣誉的象征，他们要经过严格的训练和骑士授勋仪式。
骑士们经常参加比武大会，展示他们的武艺和勇气。
---3 常用搭配与短语3.1 短语：knight errant（游侠骑士）例句：The knight errant rode through the land in search of adventure.翻译：那名游侠骑士骑马穿越这片土地去寻找冒险。
3.2 短语：knight in shining armor（穿着闪亮盔甲的骑士，引申为救星）例句：When she was in trouble, he came like a knight in shining armor.翻译：当她遇到麻烦时，他像个救星一样出现了。
---4 实用片段（1）"The knight rode into the battle, his sword held high." The crowd watched in awe as he charged towards the enemy. "He is truly a brave knight," someone shouted.翻译：“那骑士骑着马进入战场，他的剑高举着。
”人群敬畏地看着他冲向敌人。
“他真是个勇敢的骑士，”有人喊道。
（2）"The young man dreamed of bing a knight and serving the king." His father smiled and said, "It will take a lot of hard work and training."翻译：“那个年轻人梦想成为一名骑士并为国王效力。
专八复习整理：英美文学
中古时期15世纪以前一、Anglo-Saxon Period 449-10661.Roman Conquest, Anglo-Saxon Conquest, Norman Conquest. Norman Conquest(1066) marked thebeginning of Medieval English literature, which ended around the end of the 15th century. chivalry骑士精神2.Old English: Language spoken by Anglo-Saxons Alliteration: the repetition of the initial sounds in poetry.Romance: 传奇故事,骑士Epic: long narrative poem adventures of hero3.Beowulf: alliterative epic头韵史诗, 民族史诗Pagan异教the tribal society部落社会、4.Caedmon:卡德蒙Caedmon’s Hymn或Anthem Cynewulf基涅武甫二、中古时期1066-14851. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight高文爵士和绿衣骑士Middle English romance传奇→亚瑟王,圆桌骑士2. Thomas Marlory托马斯·马洛礼Le More D’Arthur亚瑟王之死散文→对亚瑟王,圆桌骑士的总结3. William Langland威廉·郎格兰Piers the Plowman耕者皮尔斯alliterative epic头韵长诗allegory寓言4. Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利•乔叟14世纪Age of Chaucer乔叟时代the father of English poetry英国诗歌之父the father of English fiction英国小说之父The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集realistic 八音节Octosyllabic 英雄双韵体Heroic CoupletThe House of Fame声誉之堂三、Ballad 民谣15世纪folk literature民间文学The Robin Hood Ballads罗宾汉民谣`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` 文艺复兴时期The Renaissance Period 14世纪-17世纪中期Spenserian Stanza斯宾塞诗体Each stanza has nine line前八行为五步抑扬格imabic pentameterNinth line of six iambic feet第九行为六步抑扬格押韵方式为ababbcbcc Sonnet十四行诗Thomas Wyatt托马斯·怀亚特the first introduce the sonnet into English literature一、诗歌Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞Poet’s Poet诗人中的诗人Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人The Faerie Queene仙后二、散文1.Thomas More托马斯·莫尔Utopia乌托邦 a ideal society2.Francis Bacon培根the first English Essayist Essays随笔(Of Studies论学习;Of Truth论真理)The Advancement of Learning学术的进展The New Instrument新工具The New Atlantis新大西岛三、戏剧1.Christopher Marlowe克里斯托弗·马洛University Wits大学才子派Blank Verse首创无韵诗Tamburlaine帖木耳The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧历史The Jew of Malta马耳他岛的犹太人2.William Shakespeare莎士比亚四大悲剧Hamlet哈姆雷特King Lear李尔王Othello奥赛罗Macbeth麦克白另:悲剧罗密欧与朱丽叶The Tempest暴风雨喜剧Comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人As You Like It皆大欢喜The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记Twelfth Night第十二夜历史剧historical plays: Henry Ⅳ亨利四世Henry Ⅴ亨利五世长诗Long poem: Venus and Adonis维纳斯和阿多尼斯The Rape of Lucrece露克丽丝受辱记3. Ben Jonson本·琼森satirical comedy讽刺喜剧Voipone狐狸`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` The Period of Revolution(Milton) and Restoration(Dryden) 资产阶级革命和王朝复辟时期17世纪一、资产阶级革命时期诗人1. John Milton约翰·弥尔顿清教徒诗人Paradise Lost失乐园Paradise Regained复乐园Samson Agonistes力士参孙2. John Donne约翰·多恩Metaphysical Poetry玄学派诗歌创始人Songs and Sonnets歌谣与十四行诗 A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning分别:莫忧伤The Sun Rising日出The Holy Sonnets神圣十四行诗Death, Be Not Pround死神莫骄傲The Fle a跳骚3. George Herbert乔治·赫伯特Saint of the Metaphysical School玄学派诗圣The Altar 祭坛二、王朝复辟时期的散文家1. John Bunyan约翰·班扬The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程religious allegory宗教寓言Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners罪人受恩记The life and Death of Mr. Badman贝德曼先生的一生The Holy War圣战2. John Dryden约翰·德莱顿英国批评文学之父the father of English criticismThe forerunner of the English classical school of literature英国古典主义的先驱者Poet Laureate桂冠诗人,散文家,剧作家于一身An Essay of Dramatic Poesy论戏剧诗歌All for Love一切为了爱情Absalom and Achitophel押沙龙与阿齐托菲尔`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` 启蒙运动时期The Age of Enlightenment 18世纪The Age of Reason理性时期Neo-classicism新古典主义Sentimentalism感伤主义一、新古典主义作家1. Alexander Pope蒲柏the first to introduce rationalism to England.An Essay on Criticism论批评Essay on Man人论The Rape of the Lock夺发记(讽刺史诗)2. Joseph Addison约瑟夫·艾迪生The Tattler闲谈者The Spectator旁观者3. Samuel Johnson塞缪尔·约翰逊Lives of Poets诗人传The Dictionary of the English Language英语字典二、现实主义作家1. Danniel Defoe丹尼尔•迪福Father of English and European novels英国和欧洲小说之父Robinson Crusoe鲁宾孙飘流记Captain Singleton辛格顿船长Moll Flanders莫尔弗兰德斯A Journal of the Plague Year大疫年日记2. Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特an Irish master of satiresGulliver’s Travels格列佛游记 A Modest Proposal一个小小的建议 A Tale of a Tub一只桶的故事3. Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling 汤姆琼斯Joseph Andrews约瑟夫安德鲁斯Amelia阿米莉亚Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人乔纳森维尔德四、感伤主义作家Sentimental Tradtion1.Samuel Richardson 塞缪尔·理查逊Pamela帕美拉Clarissa Harlowe克拉丽莎Sir Charles Grandison格兰迪生2. Laurence Sterne劳伦斯·斯特恩Tristram Shandy项狄传3. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗·戈德史密斯The Deserted Village荒村The Vicar of Wakefield维克菲尔德牧师The Citizen of the World世界公民4.Thomas Gray托马斯·格雷The Graveyard School墓畔派Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌五、18世纪英国戏剧1. John Gay约翰·盖伊The Beggar’s Opera乞丐歌剧2. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德·谢立丹The School for Scandal造谣学校The Rivals情敌`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` 浪漫主义时期The Age of Romanticism1798 Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集beginning1832 the death of the last Romantic writer Walter Scott end一、前浪漫主义诗人1. James Thomson詹姆斯·汤姆森The Seasons四季歌2. William Blake布莱克Songs of Innocence 天真之歌Songs of Experience经验之歌3. Robert Burns彭斯the national poet of Scotland苏格兰民族诗人A Red, Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心在高原Auld Lang Syne昔日时光The Tree of liberty自由树二、湖畔诗人(新一代浪漫主义诗人)1. William Wordsworth威廉·华兹华斯桂冠诗人Poet LaureateLyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集与柯勒律治合著I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud我似流云天自游T he Prelude序曲To the Cuckoo致布谷鸟An Evening Walk黄昏漫步Lucy Poems露西组诗The Solitary Reaper孤寂的刈麦女2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治Lyrical Ballads中The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子咏The Fall of the Bastille巴士底狱的倒塌Kubla Khan忽必烈Christabel克里斯塔贝尔3.Robert Southey骚塞桂冠诗人三、第二代浪漫主义诗人1. George Gordon Byron乔治·戈登·拜伦Byronic Hero拜伦式英雄Don Juan唐璜Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage恰罗德·哈罗德游记She Walks in Beauty她在美中行Hebrew Melodies希伯菜歌曲When We Two Parted昔日依依别2. Percy Bysshe Shelley波西•比希•雪莱Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯Ode to the West Wind/a Skylark西风颂Ode to the a Skylark云雀颂 A Defence of Poetry诗辩The Necessity of Atheism无神论的必然3. John Keats约翰·济兹Beauty is truth, truth beauty.Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂Dde To Autumn秋颂四、浪漫主义时期的散文家1. Charles Lamb查尔斯·兰姆Tales from Shakespeare莎士比亚故事集Old China古旧的瓷器Essay of Elia伊利亚散文集2. William Hazlitt威廉·哈兹利特Table Talk桌边文谈The Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays莎士比亚戏剧中的人物Lectures on the English Poets论英国诗人The Spirit of the Age时代精神3. Thomas De Quincey托马斯·德·昆西The Confession of an English Opium-Eater一个抽鸦片人的自白五、浪漫主义时期小说1. Walter Scott瓦尔特·司各特西欧历史小说之父Ivanhoe艾凡赫Waverley威弗利The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border苏格兰边区歌谣集The Lady of the Lake湖上夫人Rob Roy罗布罗伊2. Jane Austin简•奥斯丁the first English woman novelistPride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见(Darcy达西)Sense and Sensibility理智与情感Emma爱玛Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德公园Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺Persuasion劝导`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` 维多利亚时期The Victorian Period 1836-1901 Critical Realism批判现实主义一、批判现实主义小说家1. Charles Dickens狄更斯Oliver Twist雾都孤儿The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店Dombey and Son董贝父子;David Copperfield大卫·科波菲尔American Notes美国札记A Tale of Two Cities双城记Bleak House荒凉山庄Hard Times艰难时世Great Expectation远大前程2. William Makepeace Thackeray萨克雷Vanity Fair名利场The Virginians弗吉尼亚人The Newcomes纽克姆一家3.勃朗特三姐妹Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂·勃郎特the forerunner of the feminism and the feminism lirerature女权主义Jane Eyre简爱Professor教师Shirley雪丽Emily Bronte爱米丽·勃郎特Wuthering Height呼啸山庄Anne Bronte安妮·勃郎特Agnes Grey艾格尼斯·格雷4. Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell盖斯凯尔Mary Barton玛丽巴顿Life of Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂勃郎特传5. George Eliot乔治·爱略特Adam Bede亚当·比德The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊6. Thomas Hardy 托马斯·哈代 a transitional writer Tess of D’Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝Jude the Obscure无名的裘德Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣Under the Greenwood Tree绿茵下二、维多利亚时期的诗歌Tennyson, Browning, Arnold→The Big Three of Victorian poets1. Alfred Tennyson丁尼生Poet of the People人民的诗人Poems of Two Brothers两兄弟诗集The Princess公主In Memoriam 悼念Crossing the Bar过沙洲Idylls of the King国王叙事诗Ulysses尤利西斯Break, Break, Break拍吧,拍吧,拍吧2. Robert Browning 罗伯特·勃朗宁Dramatic monologues戏剧独白My Last Duchess我的前公爵夫人Pippa Passes皮帕走过了Men and Women男男女女The Ring and the Book指环与书Meeting at Night月夜相会3. Matthew Arnold马修·阿诺德Dover Beach多佛海滩`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` 现代主义时期The Modern Period一、小说家1. John Galsworthy高尔斯华绥The Forsyte Saga福尔塞世家(三部曲)(The Man of Property有产业的人In Chancery骑虎难下To Let出租2. Katharine Mansfield凯瑟琳·曼斯菲尔德Bliss幸福二、剧作家playwrights1. Oscar Wilde奥斯卡·王尔德The Picture of Dorain Gray道林·格林的画像The Happy Prince and Other Tales快乐王子故事集2. George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳获诺贝尔文学奖Pygmalion皮革玛丽翁Man and Superman人与超人Major Barbara巴巴拉少校Quintessence of Ibsenism易卜生主义精华Widower’s Houses鳏夫的房产Mrs Warren’s Profession华伦夫人的职业Heartbreak House伤心之家Saint Joan圣女贞德3. John Osborne约翰·奥斯本Look Back in Anger愤怒的回顾4. Samuel Beckett塞缪尔·贝克特Waiting for Godot等待戈多获诺贝尔文学奖三、诗人1. William Butler Yeats叶芝获诺贝尔文学奖The Tower古堡The Land of Heart’s Desire心愿之乡Leda and the Swan丽达与天鹅The Second Coming基督再临Sailing to Byzantium驶向拜占庭2. T homas S tearns Eliot艾略特获诺贝尔文学奖The Waste Land荒原The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock阿尔弗雷德普鲁夫洛克的情歌Four Quarters四个四重奏The Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会四、心理小说Psychological Fictions1. D avid H erbert Lawrence劳伦斯Sons and Lovers儿子与情人The Rainbow虹Women in Love恋爱中的女人The White Peacock白孔雀Lady Chatterley’s Lovers查泰莱夫人的情人2. James Joyce乔伊斯意识流的先驱Dubliners都柏林人Ulysses尤利西斯 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man青年艺术家的画像Finnegans Wake芬尼根的觉醒3. Virginia Woolf沃尔芙意识流女作家Stream of ConsciousnessMrs Dalloway达洛威夫人To the Lighthouse到灯塔去Orlando奥兰多The Waves浪A Room of One’s Own自己的房间Three Guineas三个基尼John Fowles约翰·福尔斯The French Lieutenant’s Woman法国中尉的女人`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` 美国文学`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` Colonial 1607-1765 and Revolutionary 1765-18c末Period （17世纪-18世纪末）一、Colonial writers1. John Smith (约翰·史密斯) “ the first autho r” in American literatureA True Relation of Virginia 关于佛吉尼亚的真实叙述“ the first book” in American literature2. William Bradford the first governor of Plymouth 普利茅斯3. John Winthrop A Model of Christian Charity 基督教之爱清教徒主义作家Anne Bradstreet The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America 最近在美洲出现的第十位缪斯Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will 论意志自由The Nature of True VirtueThe Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended 罪人在愤怒的上帝手中二、启蒙时期和独立战争时期1. Benjamin Franklin 启蒙运动代表人物one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America Poor Richard’s Almanac ( 格言历书) 代表作：The Autobiography 早期美国梦的反映2. Roger Williams Puritanical dissenter 清教反对者3. Thomas Paine the Father of American Revolution美国独立之父The Common Sense the greatest of the Revolutionary pamphletsThe Age of Reason The Rights of Man支持了法国革命The American Crisis鼓励殖民地抵抗英国军队4.Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺the Father of American Poetry美国诗歌之父 a poet of the American Revolution革命诗人The Rising Glory of America美洲光辉的兴起The Wild Honey Suckle 野金银花The Indian Burying Ground印第安人的殡葬地首次创造the Noble Savage 高贵的野蛮人5.Thomas Jefferson 美第三任总统Agrarians 重农主义代表人物Declaration of Independence`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` American Romanticism (提倡个人主义) 美国的文艺复兴18世纪末---19世纪中后期一、早期浪漫主义1. Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文the Father of American Literature美国文学之父indigenous humour The Sketch Book marked the beginning标志美国浪漫主义的开始第一个赢得国际声誉包括：The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷传说Rip Van Winkle The Alhambra等7部A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty纽约外史诙谐杰作2. James Fennimore Cooper 费尼莫尔·库伯西进运动边疆小说Leatherstocking Tale皮袜子故事集5部曲about the frontier life of American settlers包括：The Pioneers拓荒者The Last of Mohicans最后的莫西干人（Natty Bumpoo班波）、The Prairie草原The Pathfinder探路者The Deerslayer杀鹿者The Spy 间谍The Pilot 领航者二、超验主义作家1. Ralph Waldo Emerson New England TranscendentalismNature论自然the manifesto of American Transcendentalism超验主义宣言超验主义理论的圣经The American Scholar美国学者指出美学者应创造自己的文学风格，不应盲从Self-Reliance论自立2. Henry David Thoreau亨利·大卫·梭罗Walden瓦尔登湖超验主义作品Civil Disobedience论公民之不服从Nathaniel Hawthorne 霍桑human soul symbolism象征主义大师The Scarlet Letter红字代表作Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇The Marble Faun玉石雕像Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼·布朗Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔Moby Dick白鲸Typee泰比Omoo欧穆诗人1. Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼the father of Free VerseLeaves of Grass草叶集(标志浪漫主义截止) American Epic美国史诗Democratic Bible共和圣经Song of Myself自我之歌O Captain！My Captain2.Emily Dickinson 迪金森美国女诗人Because I Could Not Stop for Death因为我不能等待死神I’m Nobody. Who Are You我是无名小卒,你是谁This Is My Letter to the World I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died埃德加·爱伦·坡Edgar Allan Poe 短篇小说大师first writer of detective story侦探小说The Raven乌鸦The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌The Poetic Principle诗歌原理The Philosophy of Composition创作哲学Murders in the Rue Morgue莫各街谋杀案三、炉边诗人1. William Cullen Bryant 布莱恩特To a Waterfowl致水鸟Thanatopsis死亡随想The Yellow Violet黄色的堇香花2.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 朗佛罗native themesA Psalm of Life人生礼赞The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌Evangeline伊凡吉林`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` Realistic Period 现实主义时期19世纪中期----20世纪初诱因American industrialization 马克·吐温→The Gilded Age镀金年代Gold Rush淘金热Harriet Beecher Stowe哈丽特·比彻·斯托废奴主义者Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋一、现实主义作家1. William Dean Howells霍威尔斯The Rise of Silas Lapham塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹 A Modern Instance一个现代的例证A Hazard of New Fortunes新财富的危害2. Henry James亨利·詹姆斯世态小说novel of mannersThe Potrait of a Lady贵妇人的肖像Daisy Miller黛西·米勒The Ambassadors大使The Wings of the Dove鸽翼The Golden Bowl金碗Art of Fiction and Other Essays小说艺术二、乡土文学作家Local Literature1. Mark Twain马克·吐温(Samuel Longhorne Clemens) critic colloquial style localismThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利•费恩历险记现代美国文学起源The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆•索亚历险记Life on the Mississippi密西西比河上The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙The Innocent’s Abroad傻瓜出国记The Gilded Age镀金时代The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿The;A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court亚瑟王宫中的美国佬The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人Roughing It苦行记2. Hamlin Garland哈姆林·加兰德Main Traveled Road大路条条三、自然主义作家Naturalism自然主义1. Stephen Crane斯蒂芬•克莱恩Magie: A Girl of the Streets街头女郎梅姬The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章The Open Boat海上扁舟2. Frank Norris弗兰克·诺里斯The Octopus章鱼3. Theodore Dreise r西奥多·德莱塞An American Tragedy美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟大的小说）Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘The Genius天才Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲（The Financer金融家The Titan巨人The Stoic斯多葛）4. Edwin Arlington Robinson鲁宾逊The Man Against the Sky衬托着天空的人5. Jack London杰克·伦敦Marti Eden马丁·伊登The Son of the Wolf狼之子The Sea-wolf海狼The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤White Fang白獠牙The People of the Abyss深渊中的人们The Iron Heel铁蹄What Life Means to Me生命对我意味着什么Love of Life热爱生命The Mexican墨西哥人Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下The Law of Life 生活的法则6. Upton Sinclair厄普顿·辛克莱尔The Jungle屠场（揭发黑幕运动的代表作家）Oil石油Spring and Harvest春天与收获;O．Henry (William Sidney Porter) the father of the modern short story美国现代短篇小说之父The Cop and the Anthem警察与赞美诗The Gift of Magi麦琪的礼物The Last Leaf最后一片叶子`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` American Modernism 现代主义时期一、二战前诗歌1. Ezra Pound艾兹拉·庞德The father of modern American poetry美国现代诗歌创始人Imagism意象主义The father of Imagist poetry意象派诗歌之父Cathay华夏集(英译中国诗) The Cantos诗章In a Station of the Metro地铁站里 A Pact协约2. Robert Frost罗伯特·弗罗斯特New England poetA Boy’s Wish少年心愿North of Boston波士顿之北Mending Wall修墙Fire and Ice火与冰Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening雪夜林边小驻After Apple-picking摘苹果之后The Road Not taken未选择的道路West-running Brook西流的溪流New Hampshire新罕布什尔3. Wallace Stevens华莱士·史蒂文斯Harmonium风琴The Man With the Blue Guitar弹蓝吉他的人Sunday Morning星期天早晨The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨曦Collected Poems诗集二、二战前小说1. Francis Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德表现一战后年轻一代美国梦的破灭The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比The Side of Paradise人间天堂Tender is the Night夜色温柔The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和该死的Tales of the Jazz爵士时代的故事Flappers and Philosophers姑娘们和哲学家们The Last Tycoon最后的巨头The Crack-up崩溃2. Ernest Hemingway海明威(“迷惘的一代”的代表人物) 老人与海获Pulitzer Prize和Noble Prize The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起Farewell to Arms永别了,武器For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣In Our Time在我们的年代里The Torrents of Spring春潮Men Without Women没有女人的男人Death in the Afternoon死在午后3. Sinclair Lewis辛克莱·刘易斯(美国第一个获诺贝尔奖) Main Street大街Babbitt巴比特4. William Faulkner福克纳Soldiers’ Pay兵饷The Sound and the Fury喧嚣与骚动As I lay dying在我弥留之际Light in August八月之光Absalom, Absolam押沙龙，押沙龙The Hamlet村子Go Down, Moses去吧，摩西 A Rose for Emily给艾米丽小姐的玫瑰5. John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄Tortilla Flat煎饼房In Dubious Battle胜负未定The Pearl珍珠Of Mice and Men鼠和人The Moon is Down月亮下去了6. Sherwood Anderson舍伍德·安德森The Triumph of the Egg鸡蛋的胜利三、二战前戏剧Eugene O’neil 尤金·奥尼尔Beyond the Horizon天边外The Iceman Cometh送冰的人来了The Long Days Journey Into Night长夜漫漫路迢迢The Hairy Ape毛猿Desire under the Elms榆树下的欲望Pearl S. Buck 赛珍珠The Good Earth大地四、二战后1945后The Beat Generation垮掉的一代Black Humor黑色幽默1. Ralph Ellison拉尔夫·埃里森Invisible Man隐形人2. Saul Bellow索尔·贝娄Dangling Man晃来晃去/挂起来的人Seize the Day勿失良机3. J D Salinger杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格The Cather in the Rye麦田守望者4. John Updike Rabbit Series 兔子系列5. Joseph Heller 约瑟夫·海勒Catch-22第22条军规黑色幽默代表作6. Arthur Miller阿瑟·米勒剧作家The Death of a Salesman推销员之死7. Tennessee Williams 田纳西·威廉姆斯 A Streetcar Named Desire欲望号街车8. Allen Ginsberg 艾伦·金斯堡Howl嚎叫9. Edward Albee爱德华·阿尔比The Zoo Story动物园的故事Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf10. Jack Kerouac 杰克·克鲁亚克On the Road在路上11. William Styron 威廉·斯泰伦Sophie’s Choice苏菲的选择。
骑士和骑士文化英文介绍
b benefices.
3
knight’s status
• During the High Middle Ages, knighthood
was considered a class of lower nobility.
Usually only sons of knights or lords can
b
10
chivalry
• Historically, the ideals of chivalry（骑士精神）
were popularized in medieval literature, especially
the Matter of Britain and Matter of France, Sir
ranks during the Middle Ages.
b
4
Knight’s appearance
b
5
How to be a knight?
• Becoming a knight is the dream of every boy in middle ages, but the process it extremely tough.
b
7
The Knight’s Oath（宣誓）
• Said by feudal lord（册封者）： • Be without fear in the face of your enemies. Be brave and
upright that God may see. Speak the truth even if it leads to your death. Save God the helpless. That is your oath. And that so you remember it. Rise a knight! 强敌当前，无畏不惧！ 果敢忠义，无愧上帝！ 耿正直 言，宁死不诳！ 保护弱者，无怪天理！ 这是你的誓词， 牢牢记住！册封为骑士！
外国文学名词解释
Chivalric Romance (or medieval romance) is a type of narrative that d eveloped in twelfth-century France, spread to the literatures of other countries and displaced the earlier epic and heroic forms.骑士传奇（或中世纪传奇）是一种叙事，在第十二世纪的法国，传播到其他国家的文献和流离失所的早期史诗和英雄的形式。
The romance is distinguished from the epic in that it does not represent a heroic age of tribal wars, but a courtly and chivalric age, often one of highly developed manners and civility.浪漫是区别于史诗，它并不代表一个部落战争英雄的时代，而是一个宫廷和骑士时代，通常是一个高度发达的礼仪和礼貌。
Its standard plot is that of a quest undertaken by a single knight in o rder to gain a lady’s favor; frequently its central interest is courtly love, together with tournaments fought and dragons and monsters s lain for the damsel’s sake; it stresses the chivalric ideals of cour age, loyalty, honor, mercifulness to an opponent, and elaborate manners; and it delights in wonders and marvels.标准情节，任务承担由一个单一的骑士，获得一位女士的青睐，频繁的核心利益是宫廷爱情，赛事与战斗，龙与怪物被杀害的少女的缘故；它强调侠义理想的勇气、忠诚、荣誉、仁慈到对手，精致的礼仪，它喜爱奇迹，奇迹。
The Knight骑士
The Knight骑士作者：黄刘胤来源：《中学生英语·阅读与写作》2013年第02期In the Middle Ages in Europe, knight or warrior was the Cavalry (骑兵) who got formal military training, later turned into a title of honor used to indicate a social class. In the chaotic (混乱的) situation, kings and dukes needed armies to defend their lands. It was the lord’s job to serve his duty by being a knight—a professional soldier who fought on horseback.骑士或称武士，是欧洲中世纪时，受过正规军事训练的骑兵，后来演变为一种荣誉称号，用于表示一种社会阶层。
在纷乱局势中,国王或公爵贵族们需要军队、士兵来保护他们的领土。
领主通过成为一个骑士——一个真正的士兵，来履行他的职责。
A knight had to have his own armour and a horse. Plate armour (盔甲) was the knight’s best defence against weapons. Some knights even had five horses: for war, hunting, jousting(骑马比武), travelling, and carrying baggage.一个骑士必须有的装备就是属于他个人的盔甲及战马。
盔甲是骑士的最好的防御武器。
有些骑士甚至有5匹马：有的是打战骑的，有的是用来狩猎的，有的是比武的时候骑乘的，有的是旅行骑乘的，有的是驮运行李的。
欧洲中世纪骑士英语ppt
• Knight lyric(骑士抒情诗)is the mainstream of knight literature. It mainly describe the knight's love, especially praise knight`s love and obedience to ladies
• Firstly, the combination of chivalry religious principles and military principles reaches the summit. • secondly, knight privilege becomes hereditary and the knight finally separate from the peasant
History of Development
Stage 2:
• The second phase is from about 12 century to the early 13th century. This stage is basically the time of crusade(十字军东征) (1095-1291), it is the boom of chivalry.
The Knight`s Oath
• Becoming a knight is the dream of every boy in middle ages, but the process it extremely tough.
• The picture on the left shows a common ceremony of knight nomination.
The Knight`s Brief
《人类文明史图鉴丛书》(又名《全球通史》) 全24卷中文版介绍
人类文明史图鉴全24卷彩图中文版资源类型：ISO发行时间：2004年地区：美国语言：普通话简介：[通过安全测试]杀毒软件：Symantec版本： 8.1.0.821病毒库：2005-10-5共享条件：百灵带宽，上载理论不限共享时间：12小时开机在线，除非线路故障或者机器故障。
[通过安装测试]WindowsXP SP2软件版权归原作者及原软件公司所有，如果你喜欢，请购买正版软件原图:/posts/0511/post-387293-1133061048.jpg | 800x249《人类文明史图鉴（全24卷彩图中文版）》开本：大16开封面形式：精装本出版社：吉林人民出版社定价：8800 元现卖价：1680［特色及评论］《人类文明史图鉴》（全24卷彩图版）该书是美国着名的时代华纳（Time-Warner）公司（时代生活出版公司）的品牌图书。
400万字，附有精美插图近5000幅。
该书剑桥、牛津、哈佛及大英博物馆、卢浮宫等着名学府、博物机构的专家学者撰稿，对人类文明人生、发展的历史作了全新的阐述。
全书就人与自然、城市、家庭、战争等文明侧面进行了详细的介绍。
该书涵盖世界各大文明，并十分重视历史的分析。
对各个文明的起源、发展演变、现状都以通俗明快的语言作了历史的评析。
浏览全书如同漫游人类文明史的“纸上博物馆”。
权威该书是全球顶尖级出版公司，美国时代华纳（Time-Warner）公司（时代生活出版公司）最有影响的图书。
新颖绝大多数是全球出土的各种文物照片，包括一些雕塑、绘画图片。
精美既注重日常生活场景的细部描述，又不忘勾勒历史文明发展的部体面目与线索。
生动一流的专家撰稿，一流的编务班子策划制作，学术性、普及性、鉴赏性浑然一体。
视野宽阔在厚重的历史氛围中，以全新的角度提供另种历史思考的坐标。
气魄宏大从文明初曦崛起的帝国；从东方之光到独裁的阴影各种场景撼天动地。
风格独特在叙述中营造历史的现场感，引领读者想象、触摸、体验和思考历史。
动态对等理论在传记文学英汉翻译中的应用
动态对等理论在传记文学英汉翻译中的应用作者：周晓扬来源：《文学教育》 2016年第12期周晓扬内容摘要：文章以传记文学The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt 的翻译为例，在奈达动态对等理论的指导下分析传记文学的翻译技巧，探讨动态对等理论对传记文学翻译的指导作用。
关键词：动态对等理论传记文学文学翻译传记文学（biographical literature），记载人物经历的作品称传记，其中文学性较强的作品即是传记文学。
由于传记文学是历史与文学结合的产物，它具有历史性和文学性特征。
历史性应该说是传记文学最为本质的特性，而艺术性是传记得以存活于读者不可或缺的要素。
传记文学的这两个特征，对翻译就比其他文学翻译有更高的要求，译者在翻译时既要关注译作的历史性，又要重视传记文学的文学性。
为使源语和目的语的之间的转换有一个标准，减少差异，尤金·奈达从语言学的角度出发，根据翻译的本质，提出了著名的“动态对等”。
奈达认为“所谓动态对等，是指译语接受者与源语接受者能获得大致相同的反应，是和源语信息最接近的、自然的对等”。
在翻译传记文学The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt 节选内容的过程中笔者结合了奈达所提出的动态对等理论。
1、词汇对等奈达在动态对等理论中指出，动态对等的第一个方面是词汇对等，它包含了字词对等、一词多义等对应情况，但在两种语言之间，没有哪两个词的意义是完全相同的，但语言可以使用不同的形式来表达相同的意义。
因此在笔者在翻译时灵活选用词义、词性使译文用最确切的方式传达原文的意思。
例如： By the time they rolled out of town to the ford just northof therailroad trestle, the sun was already low over Graveyard Butte.译文：当他们离开村镇到达铁路上支架北部的浅滩时，夕阳已经西下到墓园山丘下了。
骑士简介(英文)
The eight virtues of Knights
Humility Honor Sacrifice Valor Compassion Spirituality Honesty Justice
Humility
Knights have a proud side because of their glory （荣 耀）and status（地位）. However, what is different for Knights from other noble(贵族) is their humble side.
Honor
For knights what does honor means? Fight for the glory! Even at the expense of everything! These are tenets （信条） knight stuck to.
Sacrifice
Dare you sacrifice yourself? Perhaps substantial (物质的)interests, or perhaps your life. You must have such courage and energy, and you are able to be a qualified knight
Knights Code
Never do outrage nor murder.(永不暴怒和谋杀) Never betray.(永不背叛） By no means be cruel but to give mercy to him who asks for mercy.(决不残忍，给予请求宽恕者以宽 恕) Always do ladies, gentlewomen and widows favour.(总是给予女士以援助 ) Never force ladies, gentlewomen or widows. (永不 胁迫女士 ) Not to take up battles in wrongful quarrels.(永不 因为言辞之利卷入争吵而战斗 )
床头灯系列3000词5000词和6500词书目
床头灯系列3000词、5000词和6500词书目《床头灯英语学习读本・3000词读遍天下书・第1辑包括了：《三个火枪手》、《歌剧魅影》、《了不起的盖茨比》、《飘》、《红与黑》、《查泰莱夫人的情人》、《傲慢与偏见》、《呼啸山庄》、《简・爱》、《儿子与情人》。
《床头灯英语学习读本・3000词读遍天下书・第2辑包括了：《彼得・潘》、《杨柳风》、《大战火星人》、《时间机器》、《远大前程》、《汤姆・索亚历险记》、《黑骏马》、《格列佛游记》、《鲁滨逊漂流记》、《马斯克维尔猎犬》。
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The ideal Knight
Begins 5 centuries after Christ 500 AD – decline of Roman power
* Land ruled by numerous chiefs –at times united mostly commonly at odds with one another. Society was lawless and believed to lapse into barbarism. Reasons: Mutual jealousy/rivalry among chiefs Influence of the church = interpose for the protection of the weak Nature of man Generosity and sense of right negated by passion and selfishness (from this sprang Chivalry)
In times of war a knight was responsible for the land and commanding and watching over all property and possessions – to protect at all costs. In times of peace – competed in tournaments, etc. earned trophies and recognition for his commander. He would also engage in adventures to honor his pledge – righting wrongs and enforcing the rights of the land (or of what they believed to be right), often to fulfill the love of his pledge or religion. = Knights Errant A Knight’s presence in general was a joyous and uplifting occasion. They added an air of interest to their subjects lives – livened up the general public, places, etc. with their stories of adventure and their mannerisms.
The Ideal Knight
The privilege of being a knight fell upon those youths that were of high standing families and fortune. (The masses were not supplied with weapons). Obtained the majority of his needs and living expenses from the gratitude of those he served – they would supply him with supplies, wants, needs, etc. depending on how valiant they were.
The governor was responsible for providing the page with religious etiquette (respect and reverence for their lords and ladies) **similar to a knight’s finishing school Also taught them the proprieties of custom, ceremonies, etc. At this age they were commonly referred to as a
Chivalry – framed ideal of the heroic character, combining invincible strength and valor, justice, modesty, loyalty to superiors, courtesy to equals, compassion to weakness, and devotion to church. *An ideal, which, however difficult to actually accomplish in real life was thought to be the means of model for all knights. *Chivalry comes from the French word cheval, meaning horse.
The Training of a Knight
A knight’s life began at the age of seven (a noble child) He was usually removed from his father’s house and put under the care of a governor employed by their future employer/master
page or valet
Their first duties included carving meat, waiting at table, and other menial tasks as instructed by their master (not considered humiliating at that time).