托福基础写作----三选一类型
托福考试的写作论点与论据
托福考试的写作论点与论据托福考试作为一项国际性的英语语言能力测试，在全球范围内被广泛接受和使用。
而写作部分作为其中的重要一环，其论点和论据的表达对于考生的得分至关重要。
本文将探讨托福写作中常见的论点与论据，以帮助考生更好地应对这一部分考试内容。
一、托福写作的论点类型在托福写作中，常见的论点类型主要包括观点论点、比较对比论点和原因解释论点。
1. 观点论点观点论点是指通过表达自己的观点，来对某一问题或现象进行评价和解释。
在写作中，考生可以针对具体的主题提出自己的观点，并通过论据来支持和证明自己的观点的合理性和可行性。
例如，对于题目“是否应该给孩子们提供免费的学前教育”，我们可以提出观点论点：“我认为应该给孩子们提供免费的学前教育。
”接下来，我们需要通过合理的论据来支持该观点。
2. 比较对比论点比较对比论点是指在论述某一问题时，通过对比不同事物或观点的优缺点，来形成自己的观点。
例如，对于题目“电子书是否会取代传统纸质书”的讨论，我们可以提出比较对比论点：“电子书和传统纸质书各有优缺点，但电子书的发展前景更加广阔。
”接下来，我们需要通过论据来说明电子书的发展前景，以及相对于传统纸质书的优势。
3. 原因解释论点原因解释论点是指通过分析和解释某一现象产生的原因，从而形成自己的观点。
例如，对于题目“为什么越来越多大学生选择出国留学”的讨论，我们可以提出原因解释论点：“越来越多大学生选择出国留学的主要原因是开放的国际交流和全球化发展的趋势。
”接下来，我们需要通过论据来支持这一解释。
二、托福写作的论据方法在托福写作中，为了支持自己的论点，考生需要提供充分的论据。
以下是一些常用的论据方法：1. 统计数据统计数据是一种直观且有说服力的论据。
通过引用相关的统计数据，可以使观点更具有可信度。
例如，在讨论“是否应该减少汽车使用，鼓励大家更多地使用公共交通工具和步行”的问题时，我们可以引用相关的统计数据：“根据最新的统计数据显示，汽车的尾气排放在空气污染中占据了很大的比例，因此我们应该减少汽车使用。
TOEFL-WRITING-托福写作
• e.g. Where there is a will ,there is a way.
• 有压迫的地方就有反抗。 • Where there is oppression ,there is rebellion. • 有女人的地方就有商机。 • Where there are women ,there are business opportunities. • 有政府的地方就有贪污。 • Where there is a government ,there is corruption.
• Introduction:
•
TOEFL iBT:The Test of English as a Foreign Language Internet Based Test.
•
ETS: Educational Testing Service 美国考试服务中心
• 托福作为语言考试的本质：
• 测试考生对英语的综合应用能力——包括听、说、读、写的独立能力和综合能力 • （每个部分满分30分，总分120分）；
•
increase : n. / decrease
•
定从
•
in the last decade(s)
•
significant / gradual / slight
•
number / amount (修饰不可数n）
• Try :在过去的二十年中，花在食物上的钱逐渐减少了。
• In the last two decades ,there has been a gradual decrease • in the amount of money that is spent on food.
• 2.段落格式使用缩进式或者齐头式
口语预测范围三选一题目英文提纲 by 王子睿 (Second Wave)
Where would you choose to live？Please use examples and reasons to support your choice.1.Close to where your workplace or school：usually expensive, don’t have muchmoney2.Close to your family: there is no need to, don’t want to be limited by parents3.Close to public transits and why: easy to get to anywhere, go to work or school orshopping mallsYour school has received a gift of money. What do you think is the best way for your school to spend this money？1.Improving student life: dorms need be renovated, the lighting, heating and thebathrooms all need to be improve d2.Sports facilities: there are gyms around the campus and not every student needsthat3.Research technology: not every student majors in science, can’t benefit allWhich of the following professions should be pain a higher salary?1.Nurse: they take care of people when they are in hospitals, but people are notalways in hospitals2.Police office: they protect people when they are in danger, but people are notalways in danger3.Teacher: teachers are always needed, nurses and police officers used learn fromtheir teachers, and their children are now still in schools with teachers. Without teachers, a person cannot even be educated enough to become a nurse or a policemanWhich of the following do you think is the best way for high school students to get to know college life? Explain why. Please include reasons and examples in your explanation.1.A ttending an organized tour on campus: can only see what they want me to see,not necessarily something I’m interested in2.Attending several classes: observe professors’ teaching styles, have opportunitiesto talk to students about campus life3.Spending one weekend at the college dorm: makes no sense to stay in the dormswhen most people are home or out, weekend is a good timeWhile choosing a friend, which of the following characteristics do you care about most? Explain why this is the most important to you.1.Honesty：I d on’t want my friends to hide things from me. I need to be warnedwhen I’m making mistakes, and also need to be encouraged when I’m doing something right.2.Loyalty: It’s hard to define loyalty between friends. Basically, I think people areonly loyal to themselves or things they like. They are loyal to their friends because of mutual interests.3. A sense of humor: Good but not necessary.Which technology has made the greatest impact on people’s life in your country? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.1.Airplane：They do bring a lot of convenience to life, but they don’t affecteveryone every dayputer: since people can get access to the Internet with computers, their liveshave been changed in almost every aspect (daily life, education, work …)3.Television: a lot of people now seldom watch TV because they have computersfor information and entertainmentWhat quality is the most important to be a university student? Using details and examples to support your idea.1.Highly motivated: being highly motivated means that they are doing the exactthings that they have a passion for, and that can make anyone work hard, and it can also make up for the lack of intelligence, more or less.2.Hardworking: hard work without the right direction is a waste of time3.Intelligence: Intelligence only makes a person learn fast, but it doesn’t guaranteesuccessIf you were to do a project, which of the following would you choose?1. A recycle program: I’m interested, but I’m afraid I just don’t have the necessary knowledge or experience to do it.2. Teaching children about vegetable growing: As a student, I have never tried to grow any plants because of the tight schedule, and I don’t think other kinds have the time either.3. Teaching children about healthy eating: I’m experience d, so I can teach them how to going on a diet without starving themselves, how to change their recipes to improve physique此题另一版本：Which of the following program would you like to do: participate in a recycling program promoting environmental awareness among elementary school children, an agricultural program teaching children how to grow food, or a cooking program teaching children how to make healthy food on their own and why? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.Which of the following extracurricular activities do you consider the best for children? Please include specific examples and reasons in your response.1.S ports: doing sports is not only fun but also good for health. Children can alsopractice their social skills when playing sports as teams.2.Music: Music is good, but not everyone is interested in it. It could be boring forsome kids.3.P ainting: The same as musicWhich of the following careers have the most contribution to the society? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.1.A n elementary school teacher: everyone goes to elementary school to study withtheir teachers. They play indispensable roles in the course of everyone’s life.2.An artist: artists are great contributors to the society, but they are not asinfluential as school teachers because not everyone benefits from them.3.A nurse: Nurses take care of people when they are hospitals, but we don’t spendas much time in hospitals as we spend in schoolsWhich one of the following would you take as a part-time job? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.1. A position as a lab assistant: not very interested in or good at science, fear tomake mistakes or cause troubles2.Campus tour guide: very good at making friends with strangers, always like toshare my experience with people3.Library clerk and why: not a very careful person, fear to lower other clerksworking efficiencyWhich of the following three courses would you choose to take?1.M athematics: not good with number, math is actually my hardest class2.Drawing: interesting and relaxing. No accurate answer, no pressure. Topics ofconversation.3.Science: learning science requires a person to be good at math, so …Among the following three activities, which do you think has the most benefits for students?1. A field trip: going to museums or zoos could be quite a valuable and impressive experience, for students can see things that they have read from books in person. They’ll also be more concentrated because field trips are much more interested than classes.2. A home tutoring session: It does solve some problem, but it doesn’t motivate students to learn.3. A presentation given by a local leader: Usually boring and has nothing to do with students’ life.Which one of the following activities would you rather do with friends than do it alone? Explain why. Please include reasons and details in your explanation.1.Taking a walk on a hill: doing that means I want to be alone, thinking about seriousstuff without being interrupted by anyone2.W atching a movie or reading book: since we don’t talk much while doing that, thereis no difference no matter we do it alone or not3.Traveling: take care of each other, joke around and chat all along the way, couldbe funMore and more people nowadays care about their health. Which of the following do you think is the best way for you to maintain your health? Please include reasons and examples to support your choice.1.Exercising on a regular basis: It is practical. That is why many students at schooland employees in companies go to gyms after school or work several times aweek.2.Eating healthy: People, especially employees in companies don’t have freechoices of what to eat, because having dinners with important people is a part of their social life.3.Getting enough sleep: Employees work overtime every day, students stay upfrequently. They just have too much work. Impossible to get enough sleepsometimes.What will you do when you need to find an answer to a question?1.To ask a teacher: It saves a lot of time and avoids mistakes. Teachers are wellinformed in the subjects we are learning, and they are also experienced in teaching and explaining.2.To search online: Everyone, even our classmates who are also confused, can givetheir answer online, which makes information online quite unreliable.3.To refer to a book: If reading books is enough, then no one will be needing teachers.Books are sometimes hard to understand.。
托福写作考试形式和内容
托福写作考试形式和内容
答：托福写作考试形式和内容分为两部分：综合写作和独立写作
1、综合写作和内容
托福的综合写作任务有三项，即阅读、听力和写作。
在考试中，要求考生们必须要阅读一篇大约3分钟的学术报告，然后文章将会隐去，此时考生们可听一段演讲的时间大概是1分半钟。
但当写作文的时候，仍然可以在听力材料中看到隐藏的阅读材料。
考生在听演讲的过程中可以做笔记来帮助答题，用剩下的20分钟总结听力材料中的要点，并解释它们与阅读材料中的要求有何不同。
通常有效的回答应是一篇150-225个单词的作文。
2、独立写作
独立写作任务根据自己的经验和知识写作的能力，需要写一篇文章来说明和支持自己对某个主题的观点。
这里的重点是用细节来支持自己的观点或选择，考试时间大约是30分钟。
与机考托福的写作或托福写作考试(TWE)类似，考生需要基于自己的知识和经验，就其中一个问题陈述、解释和支持其中一个观点。
虽然理论上字数没有上限，但最有效的答案是一篇300字左右的作文。
托福写作方法：三步完成写作
第一步：审题、确定立场、列出理由(只需要在草稿纸上用英文单词或汉语列出各个理由，防止遗忘)，最少3分钟最多5分钟。
第二步：正文写作最少22分钟最多26分钟，主题句给予最大重视，注意炼句，主题句可以使读者和笔者本人更清晰该段落写什么。
主题论证形式可以是举具体事例、说对方相对缺点、使用数据、使用假想例子、使用类比、比喻、引用等修辞手段来论述。
第三步：检查需要1-3分钟，有侧重点地检查文章开头、结尾、例证、让步等各种句型是否通顺，论证观点是否清晰明了。
托福考试内容详细介绍及一些名词解释
托福考试内容详细介绍对于托福网考考试，很多同学存在着一些疑问，在此通过给大家介绍托福考试内容，帮助大家更好的了解托福考试。
新托福网考考试内容一共分为四项,阅读,听力,口语和作文, 听力和阅读考试过程中可能会遇到加试。
加试是ETS为了测试考题（也有说法是为了平衡分数）所出的加考，阅读是40min 2篇; 听力是1对话+2讲座，加试是随机的，一般只加试一项。
新托福考试总分120分，考试顺序为阅读，听力，口语和写作. 每个单项30分.听力和口语考试中间可以休息10分钟托福网考考试内容四项详解：托福考试内容----阅读部分介绍考试时间: 约为60分钟考试类型:共三篇文章,每篇650－750个单词,12－14道题题目类型:事实信息题，否定排除题，指代关系题，词汇题，推断提，修饰目的题，变换措辞题，插入文本题，重要观点题，归类题。
分数范围: 每篇12-14题, 除重要观点题和归类题以外，每道题的分值都是1分。
重要观点题的分值可能是2分。
归类题为3或4分。
考试所得分数范围: 0-30分.考试形式:在完成每一篇答题的过程中，考生可以使用复查功能查找没有回答的题目。
注: 可能有加试托福考试内容----听力部分介绍托福听力考试时间: 60－90分钟，每个对话是2－3分钟。
每个演讲是3－5分钟。
考试类型: 听力部分有两个对话和四段演讲。
每个对话对应5道试题。
每段演讲对应6道试题。
听力部分共有34道试题。
题目类型:目的题主题题重听回答题表格题细节题/双项选择题态度题结论题图片题分数范围: 听力部分共有34道试题，每道试题是1－2分，共34－36分。
考试所得分数范围0-30分考试形式: 对话或演讲结束后出现考题,考生可以在听录音的过程中做笔记。
注:可能有加试托福考试内容----口语部分介绍考试时间：新托福考试的口语部分共有6题，总时间为15－20分钟。
考试形式：第一题和第二题为独立回答题，准备时间为15秒，回答问题时间为45秒。
托福独立写作4大题型题目与考点介绍
托福独立写作4大题型题目与考点介绍文都国际小编称，托福写作考试中分为综合写作和独立写作2个考试部分。
其中独立写作为话题作文，也就是说考生会根据一个话题来写作文章。
下面小编为大家整理了托福独立写作4大题型的题目与考点，希望可以帮助到大家。
应不应该题这类题目在题目中一般都会含有should一词，或者含有“应该做”或“不应该做”的意思，问你如此做应不应该。
考生要根据这些“应该”和“不应该”来写作文章。
例如这个题目就是应不应该题：Do you agree or disagree with following statement: all school teachers should be required to take courses every five years to update their knowledge.(120114 CN)绝对题这类题目中常常会带有绝对的语气词，例如only，must，always 等;通常这类命题的题目比较明确且语气比较强烈，就是来问你同不同意这种说法，按照这个思路去构思文章。
下面这个题目就是托福独立写作绝对题：Do you agree or disagree with following statement: only movies that can teach us something about real life are worth.(110828 CN)现象证明题在这一类托福独立写作题目中，主要是在讨论一个现在可能存在的或者是将来可能会发生的现象，问你这个现象有没有或者是会不会出现，考生按照这个思路去拓展写作文章。
例如下面这个题目就是一个现象证明题：Do you agree or disagree with following statement: in modern times, grandparents cannot give their grandchildren useful advice because the world of today are too different than it was in the past.(140112 CN)比较题这类题目在考试中也是比较常见的，题目中会含有2个或者3个选项来让你选择。
托福考试题型介绍
托福考试题型介绍托福考试是国际英语语言测试系统简称TOEFL（Test of English as a Foreign Language）的英文音译。
它是世界上最具影响力的英语水平考试之一，被广泛认可和接受。
托福考试分为四个部分：阅读、听力、口语和写作。
每个部分都有不同的题型和要求，下面将逐一介绍。
一、阅读部分（Reading）阅读部分主要考察考生的阅读理解和词汇运用能力。
常见的阅读题型包括：1. 主旨题（Main Idea Questions）：要求考生找出文章的中心思想或主旨。
2. 细节题（Detail Questions）：要求考生根据文章内容找出与题目相关的具体细节。
3. 推理题（Inference Questions）：要求考生根据文章进行推理，推断出某些细节或事实。
4. 词汇题（Vocabulary Questions）：要求考生根据上下文理解词汇的含义。
二、听力部分（Listening）听力部分主要考察考生的听力理解和笔记能力。
常见的听力题型包括：1. 主旨题（Main Idea Questions）：要求考生根据听力内容找出主要思想或主旨。
2. 细节题（Detail Questions）：要求考生根据听力内容找出与问题相关的具体细节。
3. 推理题（Inference Questions）：要求考生根据听力材料进行推理，推断出某些细节或事实。
4. 笔记题（Note-Taking Questions）：要求考生根据听力内容中的关键信息进行笔记，然后回答问题。
三、口语部分（Speaking）口语部分主要考察考生的口语表达和思维组织能力。
常见的口语题型包括：1. 个人陈述题（Personal Preference Questions）：要求考生就个人喜好、习惯或观点进行陈述和讨论。
2. 看图题（Integrated Speaking Tasks）：要求考生根据所给的图片进行描述和分析。
3. 听力反馈题（Integrated Speaking Tasks）：要求考生根据所听到的对话或短文进行回答和反馈。
托福写作考试题型介绍
托福写作考试题型介绍（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
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有点眼熟...
• Some people say that the Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. Others think access to much information creates problems.Which view do you agree with?Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
二选一的升级版！：三里挑一
三选一类的文章结构
• Which contributes the most to an enjoyable vacation?
• A: Good food B: Good location • C: Good friend to travel with
• 选A：A1好+A2好+A3好 • 选B：B1好+B2好+B3好 • 选C：C1好+C2好+C3好
真题演练
• Which way do you think is the best for a student to make new friends? • A:Joining a sports team • B:Partg
真题演练
托福基础写作
三选一类
什么样的题目是三选一类的？
• Which contributes the most to an enjoyable vacation? • A: Good food • B: Good location • C: Good friend to travel with
什么样的题目是三选一类的？
三选一类的文章结构
• Which contributes the most to an enjoyable vacation?
萝卜白菜各有所爱：A,B,C都选
• • • • •
A: Good food B: Good location C: Good friend to travel with 对于吃货：A 对于旅游控：B 对于怕孤独的人来说：C
• Which of the following is the best way for you to improve your health? • 1.The kind of food you eat • 2.The amount of exercise • 3.The amount of stress
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三选一类的文章结构
• Which contributes the most to an enjoyable vacation? • • • • • A: Good food B: Good location C: Good friend to travel with 选A：A好+B不好+C不好 选B：A不好+B好+C不好 选C：A不好+B不好+C好