2015各省市高考英语试题中的虚拟句的翻译与解析
2015各省市高考英语试题中的虚拟句的翻译与解析
1.“If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist”, she says,” If life weren’t a
battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But then, it wouldn’t be France. (全国卷I阅读理解D)
【翻译】她说，“假如人们过上了正常的生活，这些咖啡馆就不会存在。
假如生活不是一场战斗，人也就不需要这样一个说话的场合。
”不过，要是那样的话，这也不算是法国了。
【解析】if引导的虚拟条件句，是对现在虚拟。
battle 战斗，战役。
这里把生活比喻成一场战役。
2.
【翻译】假如我当时只是说，“不，我们真的没有多余的钱给他们。
”，那么事情的发展就会截然不同。
【解析】if引导的是虚拟条件句，是对过去的虚拟。
play out逐渐发生; 展开; 结束。
3.The lessons they learned may not be different from what they would have gotten in
school, but are
certainly more personal and meaningful, because they had to work them out on their own.(全国卷II完形填空)
【翻译】他们亲身体验得到的教训和在学校里原本就学不到的虽然有很大不同，但是所获得的这些教训当然更具个性，而且更有意义, 因为他们得靠自己的努力处理解决。
【解析】：be different from 与…不同would have gotten 是对过去的虚拟，言下之意在学校他们将不会获得这些东西。
work out 解决，处理，琢磨出等。
在此语景中英文解释应是“ find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of”
4.Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to
deny Papa a request.(福建卷阅读理解B )
【翻译】作为孩子，虽然我们认为这简直是疯了，但是我们以前从没想到过要拒绝爸爸的要求。
【解析】as children是插入语，作为孩子。
It occurs to somebody to do something 或者It occurs to somebody that + 从句意思是“某人突然想起…”。
It 是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语或that从句。
deny 否定，拒绝
5.When the music started, the room was filled with the most beautiful tones and musical
colors I could have ever imagined. This was the power that music in the classroom could have. (湖南卷完形填空)
【翻译】当音乐响起，整个房间充满了最美的旋律和我原本可以想象出的多彩的音乐。
这就是教室里音乐本该有的力量。
【解析】
6.By doing that hundreds of dollars are wasted on classes that they would have never
needed to take.（湖南卷写作）
【翻译】由于改换专业的做法，（大学生把）数百美元的钱都浪费在了本来没有必要上的课上。
【解析】be wasted on被浪费在…。
that they would have never needed to take 是定语从句修饰classes。
would have never needed是对过去的虚拟，原本没有必要，本来不需要
7.She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge. (陕西卷
阅读理解B)
【翻译】他很可能靠从悬崖边上掉下去的羊的尸体为食的。
【解析】may have fed on 表示对过去的推测，很可能以…为食。
8.Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds. Then they
would have dragged them along paths. (四川卷阅读理解E)
【翻译】许多科学家认为埃及工人们首先把这些巨石块放在滑板上，然后沿路拖拉而行。
【解析】would have put 和would have dragged均是虚拟语气结构，是对过去的虚拟。
drag 拖，拉。
9. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. (四川卷阅读理解E)
【翻译】为了使工作更容易，工人们当时很可能用湿粘土或者牛脂润滑路径。
【解析】may have lubricated表示对过去的推测，很可能…。
lubricate有“润滑”之意。
clay 粘土。
10. At least, workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.(四川卷阅读理解E)
【翻译】至少工人们当时不会需要运来牛脂或水来使路面光滑。
【解析】wouldn’t have needed是对过去的虚拟。
smooth使…光滑
11. Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV.(北京卷阅读理解A)
【翻译】要是不电视节目的话，他就不会在这次暴风中存活下来。
【解析】本句是if引导的虚拟条件句的省略倒装。
完整的句子应是：Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm if it had not been for TV. 其中“if it had not been for TV”相当于“but for TV”意思是“要不是电视（节目荒野求生）的话”。
12. Many studies show that older parents --today's grandparents- would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier. (北京卷阅读理解D)
【翻译】许多研究表明，如果不太费事或费钱的话，那么老一代父母们(今天的祖父母辈儿)会经常和他们的孩子打电话联系。
【解析】if引导的是虚拟条件句，是对过去的虚拟。
means and cost of doing something 做什么的方式和花。
a barrier 障碍
13. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? .
【翻译】如果前几代的父母想和他们上大学的孩子经常保持联系，那可能吗？
【解析】earlier generations 前几代college-age 大学时代。
2015年高考英语临考磨剑之重点语法虚拟语气
临考磨剑之重点语法（七）虚拟语气一．虚拟语气定义虚拟语气是表示与事实相反或建议，命令，要求和个人观点和看法的动词的一种特殊形式，经常出现在名词性从句或状语从句中。
温馨提示：虚拟语气主要有两种情况1）表示与事实相反（包括不真实/难实现的愿望）。
2）表示建议，命令，要求和个人观点和看法。
虚拟语气体现在谓语动词的形式上。
I were you, I would take this job.（与现在事实相反）如果我是你，我就接受这份工作。
I wish that I were a bird.(现在的不真实的愿望）我希望我是一只鸟。
He suggested that I ( should) star t early.(表示建议）他建议我应该早点出发。
The officer ordered the soldiers that they (should )obey the rules .（表示命令） 这个军官命令士兵要遵章守纪。
It is necessary that he ( should )learn English.（表示个人观点和看法）他学习英语时必要的。
二.虚拟语气的类型条件句中虚拟语气从句和主句的动词形式要用特殊的形式表示虚拟，如下表：Eg If I were you, I would take this job.（与现在事实相反）如果我是你，我就接受这份工作。
If you had come here yesterday, you would have met Mr. Wang.(与过去事实相反）如果你昨天来这儿，你就会遇到王先生。
If it should rain/were to rain/ rained tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting. (与将来事实相反，天气预报明天是晴天）万一明天下雨，我们就推迟运动会。
温馨提示:1).假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
上海历届高考英语翻译
上海历届高考英语翻译自1977年恢复高考以来，英语翻译题型在高考中一直占据着重要的地位。
作为中国最国际化的城市之一，上海的高考英语翻译题也一直备受。
以下是上海历届高考英语翻译题的汇总和分析。
一、2015年上海高考英语翻译题原文：这个国家的经济在过去十年里以惊人的速度增长。
参考翻译：The country's economy has increased at an astonishing speed over the past decade.分析：该句翻译准确传达了原文的意思，语法正确，表达流畅，没有出现明显的翻译错误。
二、2016年上海高考英语翻译题原文：他很享受在异国他乡的生活。
参考翻译：He enjoys living in a foreign country.分析：该句翻译准确地传达了原文的意思，语法正确，表达流畅，没有出现明显的翻译错误。
三、2017年上海高考英语翻译题原文：我们公司最近推出了一款新产品。
参考翻译：Our company has recently launched a new product. 分析：该句翻译准确传达了原文的意思，语法正确，表达流畅，没有出现明显的翻译错误。
四、2018年上海高考英语翻译题原文：他的演讲引起了全场的热烈掌声。
参考翻译：His speech was followed by warm applause from the audience.分析：该句翻译准确地传达了原文的意思，语法正确，表达流畅，没有出现明显的翻译错误。
五、2019年上海高考英语翻译题原文：这个城市的交通状况需要得到改善。
参考翻译：The traffic situation in this city needs to be improved.分析：该句翻译准确传达了原文的意思，语法正确，表达流畅，没有出现明显的翻译错误。
六、2020年上海高考英语翻译题原文：他的努力终于得到了回报。
2015年全国高考英语试题长难句翻译与解析(二)
2015年高考英语试题中长难句翻译与解析（二）7. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,” he said. （全国II卷C篇）【译文】新生现在已意识到大学毕业他们很能负债高达15,000英镑，所以越来越多的学生选择间隔年挣钱维持学业并获得学位，这并不足为奇。
NUS数据显示，超过40%的学生学期期间被迫工作，而假期期间这一数字要达到90%.【背景知识】NUS: The National Union of Students of the United Kingdom is a confederation of students' unions in theUnited Kingdom. Around 600 students' unions are in membership, accounting for more than 95 per cent of all higher and further education unions in the UK.【考查】What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A. Attend additional courses.B. Make plans for the new term.C. Earn money for their education.D. Prepare for their graduate studies. 【C】【词汇解析】be aware= realize 意识到be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事in debt 欠债(二)petition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones).【译文】竞赛是激烈的。
2015年高考真题——英语(湖南卷)解析版
本试卷分为四个部分，共12页。
时量120分钟。
满分150分PartⅠListening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A （22.5 marks）Directions: In this section, you will hear six conversations between two speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A, B and C. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Conversation 11. When does the woman usually get home from work?A. About 6:30.B. About 7:30.C. About 8:30.2. What did the woman do last night?A. She watched TV.B. She recorded a program.C. She prepared for a lecture.Conversation 23. How often does the man exercise at the gym?A. Every day.B. Every two days.C. Once a week.4. Where will the two speakers meet before doing exercise this Friday?A. At the park.B. At the cafe.C. At the cinema.Conversation 35. What is Mr. Chester doing?A. Telephoning someone.B. Speaking to the woman.C. Leaving the man a message.6. What is the man's last name?A. Oliver.B. Horst.C. Robert.Conversation 47. Why will the woman be late?A. She didn't catch the train.B. She didn't finish her paper.C. She didn't wake up in time.8. Where is the man?A. At the station.B. At home.C. At the office.9. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Parent and child.C. Husband and wife. Conversation 510. For whom does the woman buy the T-shirt?A. Herself.B. Her husband.C. Her friend.11 .How much does the T-shirt normally cost?A. $54.B. $60.C. $70.12. Why does the salesman agree to sell the T-shirt at $48?A. It is cheaper online.B. He is in a hurry.C. A button is lost.Conversation 613. When did the woman arrive?A. Friday.B. Saturday.C. Sunday.14. What major did the man choose in the end?A. English.B. Biology. C . History.15. What suggestion does the man give on reading the books?A. Making notes.B. Skimming first.C. Reading word by word.Section B（7.5 marks）Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numberedblanks with the information you have heard. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.You will hear the short passage TWICESchool Web Design 16I. Meet on 17 from 2:30 to 3:15II. Create a website for a competition●Website☆on your ancestor 18☆18 long & well constructed●Competition☆has a first prize of $300 for beginners & $ 18 for the advanced☆do it by yourself, list the software you usedPart ⅡLanguage Knowledge (45 marks)Section A (15 marks)Directions: For each of the following unfinished sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.21.It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. how【答案】B考点：考查强调句。
【精编版】2015年高考英语(江苏卷)试题解析 教师版
绝密★启用前2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语第二部分: 英语知识运用 (共两节, 满分 35 分)第一节: 单项填空(共15 小题; 每小题1 分, 满分15 分)请阅读下面各题, 从题中所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例: It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。
21.The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.A. itB. whichC. whatD. as【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年就减少了17%。
as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。
故选D项。
考生容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的the number of smokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。
殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整个一句话。
另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如……”的意思，后者则没有。
还可以抓住as is reported这一常用结构，类似的还有as is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。
【考点定位】定语从句22.Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _____ to their greatest potential.A. accelerateB. improveC. performD. develop【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：学校应该是鼓励个体最大限度地发展潜能的地方。
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习附答案解析
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习和答案
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
高中英语虚拟语气详解和练习(含答案解析)
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
高中英语虚拟语气详解及练习(含答案)
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
2015年四川高考英语试题及答案详解
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷）英语解析本试题卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）。
第Ⅰ卷至8页，第Ⅱ卷9至10页，共10页。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
考生作答时，须将答案答在答题卡上，在本试题卷、草纸上答题不小。
考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回第Ⅰ卷（选择题共90分）注意事项：1. 必须使用2B铅笔在答题卡上将所选答案对应的标号涂黑2. 第Ⅰ卷共两部分，共计90分。
第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，共40分）第1节单项填空从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）1.—Sorry, I forgot to lock the door.—______ . Mike can do it later.A.No wayB. Take your timeC. Nothing seriousD. You're welcome【答案】C【解析】“对不起,我忘记锁门了.””问题不大,Mike 稍后来关。
”. A 项”没门”. B项”别着急”(安慰人慢慢做事). D项”不用谢,不客气”.【高考考点】情景交际.【备考提示】熟悉中西方不同文化的交际习惯。
2.You _____ be careful with the camera. It costs!A .must B. may C. can D.will【答案】A【解析】“你(必须)得小心摆弄相机,它老贵了!” (注意后面那个硕大”!”,可见说话之人态度应该是很强硬的哦)。
B. “可能” C. “能够” D.”将要”【高考考点】情态动词.【备考提示】掌握情态动词的基本用法及特殊用法。
3.The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.A．which B.what C.whose D.that【答案】C【解析】“放在桌子上的那些封面闪闪放光的书是给我们准备的奖品。