M6U3 Grammar 虚拟条件句
M6U3_Grammar牛津高二英语虚拟语气
◎ If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. Should he ….
◎ If I had had time, I would have run around the lake again. Had I had …. ◎ If there should be a flood, what should we do?
• If God gave me another chance, I would say the three words to her--- I love you. • If I were a tree, I would grow at the roadside you must pass by. • If only I turned into a sky meteor, I would be across your window night. • I wish I were a rainbow after the rain hanging over your sky.
Watch and learn
◎ If I had worked harder at senior high, I
would have succeeded in going to Qinghua
University. ◎ If I had been on the spot(在现场), I would
Watch and learn
◎ If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would
高二英语Module6 Unit3 Grammar and usage课件
与现在事实相反的条件句
注意:
在if I /he/she/it 之后, 可用were代替was。两者在意义上没有区别, 但是were更为正式, 特别是在称述心存怀疑的事情时: If she were ready, we would go.
含蓄条件句
We might have died without your help. =We might have died if you hadn’t helped us. Having known in time, we could have stopped it. = If we had known in time, we could stopped it.
MOMODA POWERPOINT
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Grammar and usage
Unreal conditionals 虚拟语气中的非真实条件句
虚拟语气可用于条件句和其它一些从句中。虚拟语气用于条件句中比较多, 情况也比较复杂, 所以要特别加以注意, 首先要判断一下是否应该用虚拟语气, 因为条件句分为两种, 一种是真实条件句, 一
虚拟语气的介绍
与过去事实相反的条件句
If…was/were/did…, …would/could/might do
M6U3Grammar 虚拟语气
If my math teacher had told me the rule earlier, I would have solved the problem more easily.
Had my math teacher told me the rule earlier, I would have solved the problem more easily.
Ye Fei asks Ma Li for help on his homework.
条件句中虚拟语气的特殊情况 1. 时间错综条件句 D 1.If you _____ him yesterday, you _____ what to do now.
A. asked … would know B. had asked … would have known C. asked … know D. had asked … would know 2.If he ____ harder, he ______ tomorrow’s exam. C A. had studied, would have passed B. studied, will pass C. had studied, would pass D. studied, would have passed 温馨提示： 虚拟条件句和主句动作发生的时间不一致,主句和从 句的谓语动词根据各自所指的时间选用适当的形式．
时 间 If 条件句 主 句
现 在 过 去
were/did
had done
would/could/should/might + do would/could/should/might + have done
1. were/did 将 来 2. should do would/could/should/might + do 3. were to do
M6U3语法-虚拟语气
M6U3 语法-虚拟语气Unreal conditionals (非真实条件句)非真实条件句是虚拟语气的一种，表示与事实或愿望相反的假设或是不可能实现的愿望。
I．非真实条件句的形式：根据时间的不同可分为三种：1. 表示与将来的事实或愿望相反If it snowed/ should snow/ were to snow tomorrow, we would change our plan.要是明天下雪的话，我们就改变计划。
If we changed/ should change/ were to change our plan, they would be disappointed.2. 表示与现在的事实或愿望相反(be动词常用were 代替was)If I knew the answer, I would tell you. 如果我知道答案，我会告诉你。
If I were rich, I would donate money to the Hope Project.要是我富有的话，我会捐款给希望工程3．表示与过去的事实或愿望相反If you had arrived ten minutes earlier, you could have danced with the American Indians.如果你早十分钟来的话，你就可以和印第安人跳舞了。
If they had not done the experiment, they couldn’t have made the important discovery. 如果他不做这个实验，他们就不会有这个重大发现。
II．可以省去条件句中的if , 使用倒装句，即把从句中的should, were和had 置于句首Should it snow tomorrow, we would put off our celebration.如果明天下雪，我们就推迟庆祝会=Were it to snow tomorrow, we would put off our celebration.Were I rich, I would buy an expensive car.要是我有钱，我就买一辆昂贵的汽车。
M6U3 虚拟语气(不带答案)
M6U3 Grammar-Subjunctive mood(导学案）【活动目标】1. Know what the subjunctive mood refers to2. Master the structure of the subjunctive mood about “if …”3. Do some exercises about the 3th aim【活动重点难点】Learn how to put thegrammar in use.【活动方案1】交流分享高考词汇卡【活动方案2】Enjoy an English poem using subjunctive mood , analyze it and lead in the grammar【活动方案3】Some students conclude the three rules of thee grammar including some examples and memorize them. 【活动方案4】Some students show their problems about the grammar.【活动方案5】The teacher show some other interesting problems.【小组活动1】诗歌欣赏If I were invisible, I would touch all the people. .If I knew how to fly, I would touch the sky. .If I had a million dollars, I would buy billions of flowers. .If I had done my homework last night, I would play all the time. .If I were teacher for a day,I would teach you the way. .If I played in the NBA,t hat would be great!……….【小组活动2】句型总结：通过观察例句总结句型条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设与将来事实相反的假设【Exercise】1.I (had)a great deal of money, I a villa (别墅) for my parents.2.If Yao Jiaxin more carefully, he the car accident inMay,2009.3.If Tom how to swim,he on that island for fouryears.4.If he up earlier , he the train.5. 1. If my father _____ here now, he ______ tell me what to do.A.were; wouldB. was; willC.had been; wouldD.is; will6.If he __________my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job.A.followedB. should followC. had followedD. would follow7.________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. Will【小组活动2】句型总结：通过观察例句总结句型与现在事实相反的假设：1.If I had millions of dollars, I would retiretoday. .2.If I were/was invisible, I would jump flights all over theworld..3.If there were no subjunctive(虚拟语气), English would be mucheasier..4.If he was/were here, he might be able to helpus..6.You probably wouldn’t get much sleep if you lived near where a wedding reception was being held..条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式对现在的假设与过去事实相反的假设：1.If only i had done well in school, I would have a better job. .2.If I had bought the house, I would have had a large sum of money..3.If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t have gone the wrong way..4.If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about..5.If the man had pointed with his first finger when he was in Brunei, everyone would have thought that he was very rude..条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式对过去的假设与将来事实相反的假设:1.If I had time tomorrow, I would certainly help you..2.If he should come tomorrow, I could talk to him about it..3..Even if the sea were to dry up and the rocks were to decay, our love would never change..4. Once let the truest love slip away from before my eyes without cherishing it, only to find myself regretting it when it was too late. No pain in the world compares to this. .(曾经有一段真挚的爱情摆在我面前,但我没有珍惜,等到失去的时候才后悔莫及,尘世间最痛苦的事莫过于此.)If only God would give me another chance, I would say to the girl" I love you". If there had to be a limit of time, I pray it would ten thousandyears. .条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式对将来的假设【学生活动3】If you were to live your lives again, which of these would or would not you chang? 如果上天再给你一次机会，你会改变什么呢( ) Your senior school, primary school or high school( ) Your habits, e.g. smoking, eating, exercise...( ) Your hobbies, e.g. playing the piano, playing computer games...( ) Your friends ( ) Your parents“If”的省略1). Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy.= If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy.2). Should I have time, I would go with you. = If I should have time, I would go with you.3). Were I not so busy, I would go with you. = If I were not so busy, I would go with you.又如：Should you make a mistake,you should not be embarrassed.=（）make a mistake,you should not be embarrassed.Were you to take the train,you would get there much sooner.=（）to take the train,you would get there much sooner.Had you told me earlier, I would not have got into trouble.=（）told me earlier, I would not have got into trouble.所以：在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有（）或（）或（）时，可使用倒装结构，但（）必须省略。
高二英语M6U3 Grammar导学案 (学生版)
江苏省响水中学高二英语导学案主备人邵玉芳审稿：李成荣2013-11-29 M6U3 Grammar虚拟语气【导017】【语法讲解】I. 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。
在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。
如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。
(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。
非真实条件句中虚拟语气的三种情况：1. 表示与现在事实相反的假设其基本结构是: 条件句中谓语动词用过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句用would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形.例如:If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.如果每个国民都懂得急救(的知识),许多生命就会得以挽救.( 含义是: 不是人人都懂得急救,所以很多生命得不到挽救.)If I were you, I wouldn’t do it like that.如果我是你的话,我就不会这样做.2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设其基本结构是:条件句谓语动词用“had +p.p.”,而主句谓语动词用“would/ should/ could/might +have + p.p.”. 例如:If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, there would have been more deaths.如果飓风发生在白天,死亡人数会更多. (事实是: 飓风发生在午夜到早晨6点)If we had known that she was to arrive yesterday, we could have met her at the station.如果我们知道她昨天到,就可以到车站接她了.(事实是:我们不知道她昨天到,所以我们没能到车站去接她) 3. 表示与将来事实相反的情况基本结构有三种: ⑴条件句谓语动词用过去式(be 的过去式一般用were),主句用should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形, ⑵条件从句的谓语用should +动词原形,主句与上同⑶条件从句的谓语用were to + 动词原形,主句与上同. 例如: If it rained tomorrow, out plan would be put off.假如明天下雨,我们的计划就得推迟.If he should see me, he would tell me. 假如他看见我,就会告诉我.If he were to come, what should we say to him? 假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢?II. 根据以上情况,可总结如下:在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
M6U3-grammar语法课件
2. 用相当于if的其他连词表示虚拟结构 在条件从句中除最常见的连词之外, 还有下列
连词:
otherwise; in case; but that; on condition that; unless; suppose/supposing (that);
so long as; provided / providing (that)
4. 如果你听了医生的话，你早就恢复健康了。
If you ___________ to the doctor, you had listened would have already recovered.
5. 如果没有虚拟语气，英语将容易多了。
If there were no subjunctive mood, would be English ________ much easier.
— I wish they
A. weren’t C. wouldn’t be
A
always late. ( 2011北京)
B. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t have been
C Maybe if I _____ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. （2011北京） A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
2. 祈使语气
用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等。
Be quiet, please. Go and wash your hands.
Look out！Danger！
No parking.
M6U3-Grammar
We use mixed conditionals when the main clause is about the _________________________ present and the if-clause refers _________________________ back to the past, or vice versa. _________________________
If we didn’t save water now, we could not live on the earth in the future.
otherwise/or We should save water now, ___________ we could not live on the earth in the future.
C 6. If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday. A.will allow B.should allow C.would have allowed D.had allowed
A 7. But for John, we ______ the match last week. A. would have lost B. would lose C. had lost D. lost
2.Many dead would be alive now if they hadn’t attempted to ask for too much then then.
Mixed conditionals 混合/错综时间条件句
When do we use mixed conditionals ?
Without unreal conditionals, would be (be) much English _________ easier, but our life ____________ would not be (not be) so interesting.
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M6U3 Grammar虚拟条件句
Step 1 Lead-in
Let students watch the video --《If I were a boy》,and then pay attention to the lyrics to find out the subjunctive mood.
Step 2 Mood
语气(Mood)：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
1.陈述语气（indicative mood）
表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句或某些感叹句。
We are not ready.
What a fine day it is!
2.祈使语气（imperative mood）
表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请和命令等。
Open the door, please.
3.虚拟语气（subjunctive mood ）
表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
If I were you, I would not leave her alone.
Our teacher suggested that we (should) go to the library this afternoon.
May you succeed!
Step 3 “if” Conditionals
a.真实条件句
表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。
e.g If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.
b. 虚拟条件句
表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的，采用虚拟语气。
e.g If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. Step 4 Unreal conditionals
1.If I were a superman, I could protect people who are in danger.
If I lived on the moon, I might see the beauty—Chang’e.
以上例句谈论的都是与现在事实相反的情况
If+主语+ did(were) , 主语+ would/should/could/might +动词原形
2.If my brother had been here yesterday ,everything would have been all right.
If the brave old man hadn’t helped the lady, he couldn’t have been injured.
以上例句谈论的都是与过去事实相反的情况
If+主语+ had done sth,主语+ would/should/could/might+have done
3.If I got time tomorrow, I would certainly help you.
If I were to have free time this Friday, I would go to the party.
以上例句谈论的都是与将来事实相反的情况
If+主语+ did (were to do /should do)，
主语+ would/should/could/might + 动词原形
4.Conclusion
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用
5.Practice
Step 5 Special Usage
1.错综时间条件句
如果条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整，这种句子也叫混合虚拟条件句。
例:
If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.
2.If从句的省略倒装现象
如果条件状语从句的谓语动词含有were, had(助动词), should,有时
可将连词if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should之后，注意如果是否定句，not不提前。
例:
If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.
Should he come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.
3.含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件不用条件从句，而是通过上下文或用with, without, but for, otherwise, or, but等表示，也就是说，虽然没有出现if，但表示的是if的含义，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。
a. 句中含有with, without, but for, or, otherwise, or else等。
(1) Without your help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.
= If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.
=But for your help, I would not have passed this exam.
(2) I don’t have your telephone number, otherwise/or I would have called you back.
= If I had your number, I would have called you back.
b. 通过上下文来虚拟
I would have given you more money, but I was poor then.
c.省去条件从句或主句：
表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。
1)省去条件从句
如：You could have washed your clothes yourself.
你本可以自己洗衣服的。
省去了(If you have wanted to) (事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗).
2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)
如：If my grandmother were with me!
如果我的祖母和我在一起多好呀！(事实是：祖母已不在世。
）
Step 6 Consolidation
1. If I ____ with her last summer, I ___ with her now.
A.worked; am getting on very well
B.had worked; would get on very well
C. had worked; would have got on very well
D.had worked; will get on very well
2. _____your letter, I would have started off two days ago.
A. If I received
B. Should I received
C. If I could have received
D. Had I received
Step 7 Chain game
Direction :
1.A stands for one student, B,C,D each stands for another student of your group.
2.This group competition is designed to speak out as many sentences as possible with unreal conditionals.
E.g. If I were a teacher, I would …Step 8 Summary
感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。