2020-2021学年江苏省如皋市高二上学期教学质量调研(一)政治(必修)试题 PDF版
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简析题:共 1 题, 共 12 分。 36.(1)①矛盾就是对立统一,同一性和斗争性是矛盾的两个基本属性。安全与方便是既对立又统一
的矛盾双方。(2 分)矛盾的两个方面的力量都是不平衡的,矛盾的主要方面处于支配地位,起着主导作用, (2 分)戴头盔确实给驾乘者带来一定的不方便,但人命大于天,所以安全才是矛盾的主要方面,我们应该 把安全置于方便之上,自觉遵守国家相关规定佩戴头盔。(2 分)
(2)建议:通过舆论引导、教育警示,帮助大家提高安全意识,自觉佩戴头盔。理论依据:正确的意 识能够促进客观事物的发展。
建议:可以树立典型,以榜样示范逐步推广。理论依据:矛盾的普遍性和特殊性相统一。 建议:从我做起、从现在做起,带动越来越多的人养成良好的佩戴习惯。理论依据:量变是质变的
前提和必要准备。(每点建议 2 分,依据 1 分,答出两个即可) 三、探究题: 18 分。
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2020-2021 学年度高二年级第一学期教学质量调研(一)
政治参考答案(必修)2010
一、单项选择题:共 35 小题,每小题 2 分,共 70 分。
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(2)“不要想一口气吃成胖子”主要体现了量变和质变的辩证关系。量变是质变的前提和必要准备, 没有量的积累作为基础,质变就不会发生。(3 分)“只要你愿意做、愿意拼,都能挣到钱”主要体现了实 践的重要性,实践具有直接现实性,通过实践才能把做生意的理念变成现实的财富。(3 分)
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(3)示例: 事物的发展趋势是前进性和曲折性的统一,事物的发展过程不可能是一帆风顺的,往往要经历艰难曲 折,所以有起有落很正常。(2 分)矛盾双方相互依赖,一方的存在以另一方的存在为前提。当前义乌面临 着种种困难和危险,但有危总是有机,危和机总是相伴出现的。(2 分)矛盾双方在一定条件下可以相互转 化。如果生意很好,不思进取,一直靠老客户、老产品,会制约义乌的进一步发展。现在义乌人有了危机 感,反而会去突破、去创新,从而实现从危到机的转化。(2 分)
37.(1)正确意识能够推动事物的发展,“鸡毛换糖”精神是一种不怕吃苦,积少成多的精神,无论 过去还是今后,这种精神对于义乌人创造奇迹都能起很大的作用。(2 分)义乌人要创造新奇迹还需要从当 前的实际出发,按规律办事;(2 分)还需要充分考虑疫情给世界经济带来的新情况、新任务,发挥主观能 动性,不断解放思想,与时俱进。(2 分)(答发展的观点看问题也可得 1 分)
江苏省如皋市2023-2024学年度高二第一学期教学质量调研语文试题【含答案】
江苏省如皋市2023-2024学年度高二第一学期教学质量调研语文试题一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
最近,一位网名为“@上上”的北大博士生用美声唱法翻唱各种“洗脑神曲”的短视频走红网络,最高单曲播放量突破1.6亿次,引起全网关注。
“@上上”用美声演唱“洗脑神曲”,打通了高雅艺术与通俗艺术间的壁垒,让美声这一高雅艺术在娱乐内容占据绝对主导地位的短视频平台有了一席之地,并且成功让很多人对高雅艺术“路转粉”(从“路人”转变为“粉丝”),这着实令人振奋。
通观人类艺术发展史,雅俗艺术之间似有一道不可逾越的天然鸿沟。
能载入艺术史册的,几乎全为雅艺术。
但俗艺术并非不能转化为雅艺术,比如宋词刚刚问世时,因一些作品为歌女所吟唱,故被贬低为“诗余”。
再如,对昆曲热爱到“家里收拾起”的清代文人,面对横空出现的京剧,竟以“花部”蔑称,意在对应昆曲的“雅部”。
一言以蔽之,花者,俗也。
看如今,宋词、京剧都是中国艺术殿堂中璀璨的明珠。
这是历经历史磨炼的结果,当中既有机缘,也有巧合。
可一些俗艺术转化成雅艺术后,却走向了曲高和寡的高冷。
比如,京剧当前传承弘扬之难,早已为各界公认。
个中很重要的原因就是,艺术一旦雅化,就会或被动或主动地曲高和寡。
就常理而言,阳春白雪似乎和下里巴人“势不两立”,除非下里巴人能够在绵延的历史长河中不断升级,最后跻身阳春白雪之列。
可下里巴人转化为阳春白雪,往往又是以失去大量受众为代价的,这仿佛已是艺术史上一条颠扑不破的定律。
当然,艺术发展的规律并非一成不变,它无时无刻不受到时代、科技的多重影响。
在如今这个短视频时代,雅俗之间的隔离墙正在慢慢消解,取而代之的是“雅俗共屏”。
以“@上上”为代表的一批有情怀、懂艺术更懂互联网的“后浪”们,正努力推动高雅艺术放下“高冷”的身段,并让其逐渐在大众中“走热”。
从艺术学理论的角度看,“雅俗之辨”无非是“叫好与叫座”这一对“老冤家”的矛盾使然。
江苏省如皋市2024_2025学年高二化学10月教学质量调研试题必修无答案
江苏省如皋市2024-2025学年高二化学10月教学质量调研试题(必修,无答案)留意事项:1.本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分,总分:100分。
考试时间:75分钟。
2.请把答案写在答题卡的指定栏目内。
可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Cl 35.5选择题(共78分)单项选择题:本题包括26 小题,每小题3分,共计78分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
1.大气中CO 2含量的增加会加剧“温室效应”。
下列活动会导致大气中CO 2含量增加的是A .增加植被面积B .利用风力发电C .燃烧煤炭供热D .节约用水用电2.下列物质的俗名与化学式对应正确的是A .食盐——NaClB .铁红——Fe 3O 4C .明矾——Al 2(SO 4)3D .烧碱——Ca(OH)23.运输汽油的车辆,贴有的危急化学品标记是A B C D4.高铁酸钠(Na 2FeO 4)是一种新型高效的水处理剂,Na 2FeO 4属于A .酸B .碱C .盐D .氧化物5.物质的量浓度的单位是A .g·mol -1B .g·L -1C .L·mol -1D .mol·L -16.下列工业生产主要不属于...化学改变的是 A .海水晒盐 B .海带提碘 C .钢铁生锈 D .铝热反应7.反应SiCl 4+2H 2 =====高温Si (纯)+4HCl 可用于工业上制纯硅。
该反应属于A .化合反应B .复分解反应C .置换反应D .分解反应 8.工业焊接钢管时常用Cs 13755进行“无损探伤”,这里的“137”是指该原子的A .质子数B .中子数C .电子数D .质量数 9.下列物质中,属于共价化合物的是 A .C 60 B .NaOHC .H 2OD .MgCl 2 10.下列互为同分异构体的是 A .16O 和18OB .正丁烷和异丁烷C .金刚石和石墨D .HCOOH 和CH 3COOH11.下列化学用语表示正确的是A.苯的结构简式:C6H6B.氯化氢的电子式:H Cl········C.镁原子的结构示意图:+12282D.氢氧化钠的电离方程式:NaOH=Na++O2-+H+12.在含有大量Ba2+、OH-、Cl-的溶液中,还可能大量共存的离子是A.CO2-3 B.NO-3C.NH+4D.Fe3+13.下列反应的离子方程式书写正确的是A.醋酸溶液与烧碱溶液反应:H++OH-===H2OB.FeCl3溶液与Cu的反应:2Fe3++3Cu=2Fe+3Cu2+C.钠与水反应:Na+2H2O = Na++2OH-+H2↑D.碳酸钠溶液与足量稀盐酸的反应:CO2-3+2H+=H2O+CO2↑14.下列气体可以用右图装置收集的是A.CO2 B.H2C.NO D.CH415.下列有关浓硫酸的说法正确的是排空气法A.易挥发B.能使蔗糖脱水变黑C.能与铜发生钝化D.常用于干燥氨气16.下列物质的用途不.正确的是A.用SO2漂白纸浆B.液氨用作制冷剂C.用氧化铝制取铝D.明矾用于水的杀菌消毒17.下列试验方案,能达到目的的是A.用NaOH溶液除去CO2气体中含有的少量HCl杂质B.用盐酸检验碳酸钠溶液是否含有碳酸氢钠C.用焰色反应鉴别K2CO3固体和KHCO3固体D.用丁达尔效应鉴别FeCl3溶液和Fe(OH)3胶体18.下列试验能将乙醇和水分别的是A B C D19.漂白粉与洁厕剂混合运用易导致中毒,发生反应的化学方程式为:Ca(ClO)2+4HCl=CaCl2+2Cl2↑+2H2O。
江苏省南通市如皋市2023-2024学年高二上学期教学质量调研(一)英语试题
江苏省南通市如皋市2023-2024学年高二上学期教学质量调研(一)英语试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、阅读理解Outdoor Observations: K-5th Grade Student Competition CALLING ALL OUTDOOR EXPLORERS! The Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) wants you to go outside and observe the world around you! You are asked to find something in the outdoors that you think is interesting and discover more about it! Take the chance to win one of our outdoor explorer bundles(包)! Four prizes will be awarded to two winners per grade band —— two for K-2nd grade and two for 3rd-5th.A completed project should include:·A photo or drawing of the interesting thing you observed outdoors.·A question that you have about the interesting thing.·What you think the answer to your question is.·An investigation into whether your answer is correct or not.Please note:·You must be a student in a U.S. school.·If your submission is a link, make sure the privacy and sharing settings allow reviewers to access it. If it is not accessible, it may not be scored.·Do not include your last name on your presentation——just first name and state. You can put your personal information on the submission form, but for your privacy when we upload, wewill need your presentation without personal identification.·Make sure you include your parent’s contact information so we can get their permission to post your file on our website.·The contest opens on May 1, 2024. The deadline for submissions is 11:59 pm. EST on May 31, 2024.·Winners will be announced in late June.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,****************************.1.What is the purpose of ORISE’s competition?A.To test students’ observation ability.B.To promote outdoor explorer bundles.C.To encourage students to explore the outdoors.D.To compare outdoor education in U.S. schools.2.What should be included in a completed project?A.The links you have referenced.B.The reason you choose the thing.C.The facts you know about the thing.D.The picture of the thing you choose.3.What is required of the contestants?A.Including a parent’s contact information.B.Making submissions before May 1, 2024.C.*********************************.D.Writing their full name on the presentation.After two years I remember the rest of that day, and that night and the next day, only as an endless drill of police and photographers and newspaper men in and out of Gatsby’s front door. Someone with a positive manner, perhaps a detective, used the expression “mad man” as he bent over Wilson’s body that afternoon, and the adventitious authority of his voice set the key for the newspaper reports next morning.Most of those reports were a nightmare --- grotesque, circumstantial, eager and untrue. When Michaelis’s testimony at the inquest brought to light Wilson’s suspicions of his wife, I thought the whole tale would shortly be served up in racy pasquinade --- but Catherine, who might have said anything, didn’t say a word. She showed a surprising amount of character about it too --- looked at the coroner with determined eyes under that corrected brow of hers and swore that her sister Daisy had never seen Gatsby, that her sister was completely happy with her husband Tom, that they were spending a nice time in London. She convinced herself of it and cried into her handkerchief as if the very suggestion was more than she could endure. So Wilson was reduced to a man “deranged by grief” in order that the case might remain in its simplest form. And it rested there.I think it was on the third day that a telegram signed Henry C.Gatz arrived from a town in Minnesota. It said only that the owl-eyed man was leaving immediately and to postpone the funeral until he came.It was Gatsby’s father, a solemn old man very helpless and dismayed, bundled up in a long cheap ulster against the warm September day. His eyes leaked continuously with excitement and when I took the bag and umbrella from his hands he began to pull so incessantly at his sparse grey beard that I had difficulty in getting off his coat.And as the moon rose higher the inessential houses began to melt away until gradually, I became aware of the old island here that flowered once for Dutch sailors’ eyes ---a fresh, green breast of the new world. Its vanished trees, the trees that had made way for Gatsby’s house, had once pandered in whispers to the last and greatest of all human dreams; for a transitory enchanted moment man must have held his breath in the presence of this continent, compelled into an aesthetic contemplation he neither understood nor desired, face to face for the last time in history with something commensurate to his capacity for wonder.Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that’s no matter --- tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther.... And one fine morning ---So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.4.What does Daisy do after Gatsby is killed?A.She is very sad at the news.B.She goes on vacation with Tom.C.She phones from Chicago and sends flowers.D.She comes to his house and weeps uncontrollably.5.Why was Wilson thought as a man “deranged by grief”?A.To express his anger for Daisy.B.To show his sorrow for Gatsby.C.To confirm Wilson as a “mad man”.D.To keep the case as simple as it was before.6.Who is Henry C.Gatz?A.The man who buys Gatsby’s house.B.Gatsby’s father.C.A policeman who comes to the funeral.D.One of Gatsby’s neighbor.7.What’s the structure of the passage?A.①①—①①—①①B.①—①①①①—①C.①①—①①①—①D.①—①①①—①①What are the limits of the human body? Is there a point at which it is physically impossible to do something?“One thing we’ve all learned in the last 30 years or so is that just about anything is humanly possible,” says Dr. Jack Wilmore, author of Physiology of Sport and Exercise. “As time goes by, I think you’ll see more records continue to fall in every sport. The talent pool is better than ever. With more and better athletes involved and competing, records will fall and new standards will be set.”Many believed it was physically impossible for a human to run a mile in under four minutes, but Roger Bannister proved that theory wrong with a three-minute, 59-second mile in 1954. Today, sub-four-minute miles are considered routine even in high school. And Bob Beamon stretched human performance in the 1968 Olympics with his historic long jump of 8.90 metres. In an event where a record is usually broken by mere inches, he broke the previous jump record by more than 21 inches, but even his record was broken in 1991.One factor is now becoming more understood and heavily emphasized: sports psychology. Getting inside the athlete’s head can be as effective as training and long workouts. According to Wilmore, the psychological aspect of sports has become more and more esteemed. He points out that most professional teams have hired sports psychologists for their players.In addition, every aspect of athletics ---training, nutrition, injury treatment ---is far better than it’s ever been. “Besides, children today tend to specialize in one or two sports instead of competing in several as was common twenty-five years ago,” Wilmore says. “That means they start concentrating on a sport much earlier and more intensely, and they become much better at it.”“There’s a lot we don’t know yet about the human body,” he adds. “And one of those things is the full range of human potential. It would be foolish to try and put limits on what the human body can do.”8.Which statement will Wilmore probably agree with?A.It is preferable to set universal standards for athletes.B.Athletes will become the most sought-after celebrities.C.It is necessary for athletes to learn the limits of the body.D.Athletes will continue to surprise us with their achievements.9.Why are Roger Bannister and Bob Beamon mentioned in paragraph 3?A.To introduce two great athletes.B.To show some of the latest world records.C.To prove the limits of the body can be pushed.D.To explain what athletes can achieve under stress.10.What does the underlined word “esteemed” in paragraph 4 mean?A.Similar.B.Valued.C.Complex.D.Specialized.11.How are today’s children different from those years ago according to Wilmore?A.They participate in far more sports.B.They are less likely to get injured in sports.C.They begin playing sports at a much earlier age.D.They become more skilful at one particular sport.The old saying “Use it or lose it” doesn’t appear to be true when it comes to someone’s ability to preserve and use a foreign language, a new study has revealed.The research team tasked almost 500 British people who had taken French GCSE or A-level between the 1970s and 2020 with completing a French vocabulary and grammar test. They included a survey of whether participants had used their French knowledge over the years since their exams, and excluded (排除) anyone who had studied a language later on in life.They found that participants who had taken their exam 50 years ago and not used French since performed at the same level as recent school leavers, and as well as those who did, on occasion, use French.Lead researcher Monika Schmid said: “The knowledge of language is astonishingly stable over long periods of time, compared to other subjects such as maths, history or science. This is likely because of the way language is stored in memory. Vocabulary is memorized in the same way that facts, dates and names are, while this memory may become weaker over time, and grammar is learned in a similar way to riding a bike, a kind of muscle memory, which is much more stable. V ocabulary knowledge on the other hand, exists in a highly connected network, which means that we need only be reminded of a word that soundssimilar to a foreign language word for our brain to recall it.”“Many people are put off revisiting languages they once learnt as they fear they will be forced to relive some of the more ‘boring’ elements of the courses, such as grammar, but our work suggests that this would not be necessary. We hope that it might encourage more people to pick foreign languages back up if they know it would only take a short amount of time in refresher lessons to bounce back to their original level,” Schmid added.12.What did the researchers ask the participants to do?A.Take a French exam.B.Conduct a survey in French.C.Learn French from recent school leavers.D.Talk about their French GCSE experience.13.What can help us recall a foreign word?A.A fact related to it.B.Our muscle memory.C.A similar-sounding word.D.The grammar of the language. 14.What can we infer from Schmid’s words in the last paragraph?A.One is able to quickly and easily relearn a language.B.Years of use promises fluency in a foreign language.C.The boring elements of a language course are important.D.Refresher lessons are necessary in picking foreign languages back up.15.What is the best title for the text?A.Language Tests Taken at School MatterB.If You Don’t Use a Language, You Lose ItC.Knowledge of Foreign Languages Lasts a LifetimeD.When You Grasp the Grammar, You Learn the Language二、七选五Many families stick to the belief that some schools offer golden tickets for their children’s futures. Whether it’s an Ivy League college or a high-price “dream school,” too many people believe certain schools are worth endless effort, stress and debt. They believegreater impact on career prospects than the reputation of the college you attend.For example, if you are interested in pursuing a career in engineering, it is important to choose a college that has a strong engineering program. 17 While attending a reputable college may offer networking opportunities and access to top resources, the value of these benefits may fall if your major does not align with (与……一致) your career goals. Furthermore, practical skills and experience are important in today’s job market. Therefore, choosing a major that provides hands-on experience and opportunities for internships (实习) is more likely to lead to employment opportunities than simply attending a reputable college.18 “A graduate with a degree in engineering is going to come in at three times the salary of someone who graduated from Harvard with a soft degree, you know, liberal arts, humanities, whatever,” says Paul Hill, president of Job Search Intelligence in Los Angeles.Another important factor to consider is the cost of attendance. Attending a reputable college may come with a high price. 19 Choosing a college that is affordable and offers a strong program in your chosen major is a smart financial decision that can pay off in the long run.In conclusion, when choosing a college, it is important to prioritize your major over the reputation of the college you attend. 20A.That can lead to significant student loan debt.B.The cost is what matters, not the name of the school.C.If their child gets in, their life’s road will be surfaced with gold.D.Dream schools don’t produce happier or more successful people.E.Your major choice can also have an impact on your earning potential.F.Similarly, choose a college with a reputable journalism program for a journalism career.G.Your major plays a significant role in shaping your career prospects and earning potential.三、完形填空Our house was across the street from the entrance of a famous hospital in the city. Wesaw a truly awful-looking man whose face was swollen (肿胀的) and red.He told me he’d been 24 a room since noon, but he had no success. “I guess it’s my 25 . I know it looks terrible, but my doctor says with a few more treatments...”For a moment, I 26 , but his following words convinced me, “I could sleep in this chair on the porch (门厅). My bus leaves early in the morning.” So I told him we would find him a bed but to rest on the porch.When I had finished the dishes, I went to talk with him for a few minutes. He told me he fished for a living to 27 his daughter, her five children, and her husband, who was 28 disabled from a back injury. He didn’t tell it by way of complaint, but was grateful that no pain 29 his disease, which was a form of skin cancer. He thanked God for giving him the 30 to keep going. On his 31 trip, he brought a big fish as a gift. Other times we received packages in the mail. When I received these packages, I often thought of a(an) 32 our next-door neighbor made after he left that first morning. “Did you keep that awful-looking man last night? You may lose roomers by 33 such people!”Maybe we did lose roomers once or twice. But I know our family will always be 34 to have known him; from him, we learned to accept the bad without 35 and the good with gratitude.21.A.relayed B.limited C.rented D.occupied 22.A.storing B.fixing C.debating D.fetching 23.A.voice B.flame C.key D.knock 24.A.hunting for B.relating to C.dealing with D.subscribing to 25.A.virus B.face C.wrist D.ankle 26.A.applauded B.agreed C.hesitated D.backfired 27.A.support B.handle C.bother D.adopt 28.A.severely B.gradually C.literally D.sincerely 29.A.ranked B.abused C.accompanied D.ruined 30.A.strength B.relief C.tendency D.virtue 31.A.critical B.glorious C.miserable D.next 32.A.preference B.decision C.appointment D.remark 33.A.giving away B.turning down C.putting up D.taking out 34.A.desperate B.grateful C.conventional D.powerful 35.A.dignity B.resistance C.hesitation D.complaint四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
江苏省如皋市2020-2021学年高一下学期期初调研测试政治试题 Word版含答案
2020-2021学年度高一年级第二学期期初调研测试政治试题(选修)考试时间:75分钟满分:100分第Ⅰ卷(选择题共45分)一、选择题:本大题共15小题,每小题3分,共计45分。
在每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是最符合题意的。
1.中国革命的历史是一部完整的历史,不是一部相互分割的历史。
下列关于新民主主义革命和社会主义革命的关系,表述正确的是①新民主主义革命实现了社会主义工业化②新民主主义革命是社会主义革命的必要准备③社会主义革命是新民主主义革命的必然趋势④社会主义革命改变了半殖民地半封建的社会形态A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④2.爱国是一种高尚的情操。
诗人一句“挺起昂扬的高贵Array头颅”抒发了对祖国的热爱之情。
“挺起昂扬的高贵头颅”意味着A.我国一切剥削现象已经被消灭B.我国已进入社会主义初级阶段C.我国各族人民初步实现了共同富裕D.我国结束了半殖民地半封建社会的历史3.2020年以来,美国发生了20600多次示威活动。
2020年5月25日,美国明尼苏达州非洲裔男子乔治·弗洛伊德遭白人警察暴力执法致死。
事后,当地民众走上街头抗议,骚乱活动持续升级,并在全美开始蔓延。
2021年1月6日,大批特朗普支持者突破警方防线闯入国会,引发暴乱,已有4人死亡,数十人被逮捕。
美国的阶级矛盾A.是美国社会一切矛盾和冲突的总根源B.产生的经济根源在于资本主义生产关系C.是导致美国社会产生经济危机的直接原因D.实质是生产社会化和生产资料私有制之间的矛盾4.2021年是中国共产党诞生100周年。
1921年7月,中国共产党诞生,这是中国历史上开天辟地的大事。
中国共产党的诞生意味着①从根本上改变了中国社会的发展方向②工人阶级成为新民主主义革命的领导力量③中国革命面貌从此焕然一新,逐步走向民族独立和人民解放④中国人民在斗争中有了主心骨,看到了解决中国问题的出路A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④5.中国梦不仅造福中国人民,而且造福世界各国人民。
2023-2024学年江苏省南通市如皋市高二上学期教学质量调研(一)英语试卷及答案
2023-2024学年度高二年级第一学期教学质量调研(一)英语试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上指定位置,在其他位置作答一律无效。
3.本试卷满分为150分,考试时间为120分钟。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What does the woman want to do?A.Leave the company.B.Call the manager.C.Apply for a job.2.Where does the conversation take place?A.In the post office.B.In a taxi.C.In a hotel.3.What are the speakers probably talking about?A.A party.B.A holiday plan.C.A meeting.4.What did the man think of the movie?A.Interesting.B.Boring.C.Frightening.5.Why did Fred make a call last night?A.To borrow a sleeping bag.B.To invite the man to the gym.C.To get information about somebody.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。
2.2 单一制和复合制(课件2020-2021学年高二政治同步备课系列(部编版选择性必修一)
思考:在单一制国家,中央和地方政权是如何分配的?
一、单一制
(二)单一制国家的特点 ➢ 中央享有最高权力; ➢ 地方政权被置于中央政权的统一领导下,只能在宪法和法律规定的权限范围内行使
职权。
地方政府
一、单一制
(三)单一ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้国家的类型
中央集权型单一制国家和地方分权型单一制国家
中央集权型单一制国家 中央严格控制地方政权,
材料二:下一页
二、复合制
综合探究
材料二:为了解决邦联存在的问题,1787年5月到9月各州代表在费城召开了制 宪会议,制定了美利坚合众国宪法,依据宪法美国的国家结构形式由邦联制变成联 邦制,各州把国家权力的一部分转让给联邦中央政府,使联邦成为一个享有充分主 权的国家。联邦与州在各自的范围内享有最高权力,联邦地位要高于州,从国家制 度上看,美国联邦制代替邦联制是一个巨大的历史进步,这种制度在国家生活实践 中体现了很大的优越性,比如保持联邦是一个强大统一国家的同时,确保了州的灵 活性和创造性;但也有一定的弊端,比如美国联邦制最大的问题是效率不高,联邦 政府与州政府之间相互扯皮,推诿各州,州政府之间各自为政,当大多数资产阶级 利益集团意见接近时,联邦制既能保护州的灵活性,又能保证中央的权威,当资产 阶级利益之间矛盾重重时,联邦制就处于低效率的运转之中。
中国 人民代表大会制
单一制 人民民主专政
各国家采取什么样的国家结构形式受阶级、民族、历史、文化等多种因素的影响。
二、复合制
(二)不同的国家结构形式的影响因素
思考: (1)结合课本相关知识,分析不同国家为什么会采取不同的国家结构形式? (2)在众多国家结构形式中,国家存在和发展的基本条件是什么?
人口
二、复合制
2020-2021学年江苏省南通市如皋市高二上学期教学质量调研(一)数学试题(解析版)
2020-2021学年江苏省南通市如皋市高二上学期教学质量调研(一)数学试题一、单选题1.抛物线23y x =的准线方程为( ) A .34x =-B .34x =C .34y =-D .34y =【答案】A 【解析】先求出324p =,即得解. 【详解】由抛物线23y x =得323,24p p =∴=, 所以抛物线的准线方程为34x =-.故选:A 【点睛】本题主要考查抛物线的准线方程的求法,意在考查学生对这些知识的理解掌握水平.2.已知双曲线()222210,0x y a b a b-=>>的一条渐近线经过点()2,1,则该双曲线的离心率为( )A .2BC D 【答案】C【解析】由题得点()2,1在直线by x a=上,化简224a b =即得解. 【详解】由题得点()2,1在直线by x a=上, 所以22122,4,ba b a b a=⨯∴=∴=,所以22222254(),54,,4a c a a c e e =-∴=∴=∴=. 故选:C 【点睛】本题主要考查双曲线的离心率的计算,意在考查学生对这些知识的理解掌握水平.3.已知椭圆2211612x y +=上一点P 到其左焦点的距离为6,则点P 到右准线的距离为( ) A .4 B .6C .8D .12【答案】A【解析】求出点P 的横坐标,进而可求得点P 到椭圆右准线的距离. 【详解】设点P 的坐标为(),x y ,则2211612x y +=,223124y x =-,且44x -≤≤,对于椭圆2211612x y +=,4a =,b =2c ,椭圆2211612x y +=的左焦点为()2,0F -,右准线方程为28a x c==,114422PF x x ====+=+6=,解得4x =,因此,点P 到右准线的距离为844-=. 故选:A. 【点睛】本题考查椭圆上的点到准线距离的计算,求出点P 的横坐标是解题的关键,考查计算能力,属于中等题.4.已知抛物线()220x py p =>的焦点到双曲线22154y x -=的渐近线的距离为2,则p 的值为( )A .4B .6C .9D .12【答案】B【解析】求出抛物线的焦点坐标和双曲线的渐近线方程,然后利用点到直线的距离公式求解即可. 【详解】双曲线22154y x -=20y ±=,抛物线的焦点坐标为:0,2p ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭因为抛物线()220x py p =>的焦点到双曲线22154y x -=的渐近线的距离为2,22254p⨯=+,解得6p故选:B 【点睛】本题考查抛物线和双曲线简单性质的应用,点到直线距离公式的应用,较简单. 5.设抛物线C :24y x =的焦点为F ,过点()2,0-且斜率为23的直线与C 交于M ,N 两点,则MF NF +=( )A .5B .6C .7D .8【答案】C【解析】设()11,M x y ,()22,N x y ,将直线方程代入抛物线方程,韦达定理知1210x x +=,利用抛物线焦半径公式可得到结果.【详解】设()11,M x y ,()22,N x y ,直线方程为:()223y x =+ 将直线方程代入抛物线方程得:2540x x -+=,则125x x +=由抛物线焦半径公式可得:()12121127MF NF x x x x +=+++=++= 故选:C 【点睛】本题考查抛物线焦半径公式的应用,属于基础题.6.为了美化校园环境,园艺师在花园中规划出一个平行四边形,建成一个小花圃,如图,计划以相距6米的M ,N 两点为平行四边形AMBN 一组相对的顶点,当平行四边形AMBN 的周长恒为20米时,小花圃占地面积最大为( )A .6B .12C .18D .24【答案】D【解析】由题意可得出10MB BN +=,在三角形MBN 中,使用余弦定理可得cos B 的关系式,再利用基本不等式可求出cos B 的最小值,从而可求出sin B 的最大值,进而求解. 【详解】设AM x =,AN y =,则由已知可得10x y +=, 在MBN △中,6MN =, 由余弦定理可得:222226()363232327cos 1111222525()2x y x y B x y xy xy xy +-+-==-=--=-=+, 当且仅当x y =时等号成立, 此时5x y ==,7cos 25min B =, 所以24sin 25max B =, 所以四边形AMBN 的最大面积为12425524225⨯⨯⨯⨯=, 此时四边形AMBN 是边长为5的菱形, 故选:D 【点睛】本题主要考查了解三角形中的余弦定理以及基本不等式的简单应用,考查了学生的运算能力,属于基础题.7.已知椭圆E :()222210x y a b a b+=>>,过点()4,0的直线交椭圆E 于A ,B 两点.若AB 中点坐标为()2,1-,则椭圆E 的离心率为( )A .12B C .13D 【答案】B【解析】设()()1122,,,A x y B x y ,代入椭圆方程,利用点差法得到22221212220x x y y a b--+=,然后根据AB 中点坐标为()2,1-,求出斜率代入上式,得到a ,b 的关系求解.【详解】设()()1122,,,A x y B x y ,则22112222222211x y a bx y a b ⎧+=⎪⎪⎨⎪+=⎪⎩, 两式相减得:22221212220x x y y a b--+=, 因为AB 中点坐标为()2,1-, 所以12124,2x x y y +=+=-,所以()()2212122212122x x b y y b x x y y a a +-=-=-+,又1212011422AB y y k x x -+===--,所以22212b a =,即2a b =,所以c e a ===, 故选:B 【点睛】本题主要考查椭圆的方程,点差法的应用以及离心率的求法,还考查了运算求解的能力,属于中档题.8.已知双曲线221916x y -=的左、右焦点分别为1F ,2F ,以2F 为圆心的圆与双曲线的渐近线相切,该圆与双曲线在第一象限的交点为P ,则12PF PF ⋅=( ) A .8 B.C .4D.【答案】A【解析】根据条件可得24PF =,由双曲线的定义可得110PF =,又1210F F =,由余弦定理得出12F PF ∠的余弦值,再由向量的数量积可得答案. 【详解】双曲线221916x y -=的渐近线方程为43y x =±.则焦点()25,0F到渐近线的距离为4d ==因为以2F 为圆心的圆与双曲线的渐近线相切,所以4r = 所以24PF =,由双曲线的定义有110PF = 又1210F F =,由余弦定理得22212122112||+||||100161001cos 2||||21045PF PF F F F PF PF PF -+-∠===⨯⨯,1212121||||cos 4085PF PF PF PF F PF ⋅=⋅∠=⨯=,故选:A. 【点睛】本题考查双曲线的基本性质,双曲线与向量的结合,属于中档题.二、多选题9.已知双曲线222(0)63x y λλ-=≠,则不因λ改变而变化的是( )A .渐近线方程B .顶点坐标C .离心率D .焦距【答案】AC【解析】首先将题中所给的双曲线方程化为标准方程,写出22,a b ,求得2c 的值,求得双曲线的离心率和渐近线方程是确定的,得出结果. 【详解】双曲线222(0)63x y λλ-=≠可化为2222163x y λλ-=,所以22226,3a b λλ==,所以229c λ=, 所以2231()2be a=+=,渐近线方程为2b y x x a =±=±, 故选:AC. 【点睛】该题考查的是有关双曲线的问题,涉及到的知识点有根据双曲线的方程确定双曲线的离心率和渐近线方程,观察双曲线方程研究其性质,属于简单题目.10.已知双曲线()222210,0x y a b a b-=>>的左、右焦点分别为1F ,2F ,P 为右支上一点,若123PF PF =,则双曲线的离心率可能为( )A .2BCD .3【答案】AB【解析】由双曲线的定义和已知可得21|||3,|PF PF a a ==,然后再由1212||||||PF PF F F +≥可得答案.【详解】由已知12||3||PF PF =和12||||2PF PF a -=得,所以21|||3,|PF PF a a ==,所以1212||||||2PF PF F F c ≥=+, 即42a c ≥,12e <≤, 故选:AB. 【点睛】本题考查了双曲线的几何性质,属于基础题.11.设1F ,2F 为椭圆C :221167x y +=的左、右焦点,M 为C 上一点且在第一象限,若12MF F △为等腰三角形,则下列结论正确的是( ) A .12MF = B .22MF = C .点M 的横坐标为83D .12MF F S =△【答案】BCD【解析】由M 的位置及12MF F △为等腰三角形,知112MF F F =,进而求得1MF ,2MF ,然后在12MF F △中,利用余弦定理求得12cos MF F ∠,再利用112cos M x MF MF F c =⋅∠-和面积公式求解即可.【详解】因为椭圆C :221167x y +=,所以4,3a b c ===,因为M 为C 上一点且在第一象限,且12MF F △为等腰三角形, 所以12112,26MF MF MF F F c >===,且22MF =,在12MF F △中,由余弦定理得:22222211221211266217cos 226618MF F F MF MF F MF F F +-+-∠===⋅⨯⨯,所以112178cos 63183M x MF MF F c =⋅∠-=⨯-=,所以12sin 18MF F ∠==,所以1112111sin 662218MF FSMF F F MF F =⨯⨯⨯∠=⨯⨯⨯=, 故选;BCD 【点睛】本题主要考查椭圆的交点三角形以及余弦定理和面积公式的应用,还考查了运算求解的能力,属于中档题.12.已知抛物线24x y =的焦点为F ,()11,A x y ,()22,B x y 是抛物线上两点,则下列结论正确的是( ) A .点F 的坐标为()1,0B .若A ,F ,B 三点共线,则3OA OB ⋅=-C .若直线OA 与OB 的斜率之积为14-,则直线AB 过点F D .若6AB =,则AB 的中点到x 轴距离的最小值为2 【答案】BCD【解析】根据抛物线的标准方程,求得焦点F 的坐标,可判定A 错误;设直线AB 的方程为1y kx =+,根据韦达定理和向量的运算,可判定B 正确;设直线AB 的方程为y kx m =+,根据直线的斜率公式、弦长公式等,可判定C 、D 正确.【详解】由抛物线24x y =,可得2p =,则焦点F 坐标为(0,1),故A 错误;设直线AB 的方程为1y kx =+,联立方程组214y kx x y=+⎧⎨=⎩,可得2440x kx --=,所以12124,4x x k x x +==-, 所以2121212()11y y k x x k x x =+++=,所以1212413OA OB x x y y ⋅=+=-+=-,故B 正确; 设直线AB 的方程为y kx m =+, 联立方程组24y kx mx y=+⎧⎨=⎩,可得2440x kx m --=,所以12124,4x x k x x m +==-, 所以222222121212()44y y k x x k x x m k m mk m m =+++=-++=,因为直线OA 与OB 的斜率之积为14-,即121214y y x x ⋅=-,可得2144m m =--,解得1m =, 所以直线AB 的方程为1y kx =+,即直线过点F ,故C 正确;因为6AB ===, 所以224(1)()9k k m ++=,所以2994(1)m k ==+,因为21212()242y y k x x m k m +=++=+,所以AB 的中点到x 轴的距离:22222299224(1)4(1)d k m k k k k k =+=+-=+++229114(1)k k =++-+1312≥=-=,当且仅当212k =时等号成立,所以AB 的中点到x 轴的距离的最小值为2,故D 正确, 综上所述,正确命题为BCD. 故选:BCD. 【点睛】本题主要考查了抛物线的标准方程及几何性质,以及直线与抛物线的位置关系的应用,解答此类题目,通常联立直线方程与抛物线方程,应用一元二次方程根与系数的关系进行求解,此类问题易错点是复杂式子的变形能力不足,导致错解,能较好的考查考生的逻辑思维能力、运算求解能力、分析问题解决问题的能力等.三、填空题 13.当0,2πα⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭时,方程22sin cos 1x y αα+=表示焦点在x 轴上的椭圆,则α的取值范围为________.【答案】0,4π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭【解析】变换得到22111sin cos x y αα+=,根据题意得到11sin cos αα>,解得答案. 【详解】22sin cos 1x y αα+=,即22111sin cos x y αα+=,0,2πα⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,故10sin α>,10cos α>, 方程22sin cos 1x y αα+=表示焦点在x 轴上的椭圆,故11sin cos αα>, 即cos sin αα>,故0,4πα⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭. 故答案为:0,4π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭. 【点睛】本题考查了根据椭圆方程求参数范围,意在考查学生的计算能力和转化能力,属于中档题目.14.设椭圆221169x y +=的左、右焦点分别为1F ,2F ,过1F 的直线交椭圆于A ,B 两点.在2ABF 中,若有两边之和为10,则第三边的长度为________. 【答案】6【解析】解:先由椭圆的定义得2ABF 的周长为4a ,再由椭圆的标准方程求出4a =,最后求出2ABF 第三边的长度即可. 【详解】解:由椭圆的定义得121222AF AF aBF BF a +=⎧⎨+=⎩,所以2ABF 的周长为:4a ,因为椭圆的标准方程为:221169x y +=,所以216a =,则4a =,所以2ABF 的周长为16, 因为2ABF 有两边之和为10,则第三边的长度为16106-=, 故答案为:6. 【点睛】本题考查椭圆的定义、根据椭圆的标准方程确定a 的值、求焦点三角形的边长,是基础题15.双曲线()222210,0x y a b a b-=>>的左、右焦点分别为1F ,2F ,点M 是双曲线左支上一点,1290F MF ∠=︒,直线2MF 交双曲线的另一支于点N ,22MN NF =,则双曲线的离心率是________. 【答案】5【解析】先设2NF m =并根据题意与双曲线的定义表示出MN ,2MF ,1MF ,1NF ,12F F ,再在直角三角形12F MF △和1F MN △中利用勾股定理建立方程整理得到225c a =,最后求双曲线的离心率. 【详解】解:由题意作图如下,设2NF m =,因为22MN NF =,所以2MN m =,2=3MF m , 由双曲线的定义可得:1=32MF m a -,1=2NF m a +,122F F c =, 因为1290F MF ∠=︒,在直角三角形1F MN △中,222(32)(2)(2)m a m m a -+=+,整理得:43m a =, 在直角三角形12F MF △中,222(32)(3)(2)m a m c -+=,又因为43m a =所以222(42)(4)(2)a a a c -+=,整理得:225c a=,所以5ce a==5【点睛】本题考查双曲线的定义、求双曲线的离心率、焦点三角形的边长关系,是中档题四、双空题16.已知F 是抛物线()221y px p =>的焦点,(),1N p ,M 为抛物线上任意一点,MN MF +的最小值为3,则p =________;若过F 的直线交抛物线于A 、B 两点,有2AF FB =,则AB =________. 【答案】292【解析】作出图形,过点M 作MP 垂直于抛物线()221y px p =>的准线l ,垂足为点P ,由抛物线的定义可得出MN MF MN MP +=+,由点P 、M 、N 共线时MN MF +取最小值可求得p 的值,设直线AB 的方程为1x my =+,与抛物线方程联立,列出韦达定理,结合2AF FB =可求得2m 的值,利用弦长公式可求得AB . 【详解】过点M 作MP 垂直于抛物线()221y px p =>的准线l ,垂足为点P ,由抛物线的定义可得MP MF =,1p >,则2212p <,则点N 在抛物线内,如下图所示:MN MF MN MP ∴+=+,当点P 、M 、N 共线时,MN MF +取得最小值32pp +=,解得2p =, 所以,抛物线的标准方程为24y x =,该抛物线的焦点为()1,0F ,设点()11,A x y 、()22,B x y ,可知直线AB 不与x 轴重合,设直线AB 的方程为1x my =+,联立214x my y x=+⎧⎨=⎩,可得2440y my --=,216160m ∆=+>恒成立,由韦达定理得124y y m +=,124y y =-,2AF FB =,则()()11221,21,x y x y --=-,122y y ∴=-,所以,1224y y y m +=-=,可得24y m =-,221222324y y y m =-=-=-,可得218m =,因此,()2129412AB y y m =-==+=. 故答案为:2;92. 【点睛】本题考查利用抛物线的定义求抛物线上的点到定点和焦点距离之和的最值,同时也考查了抛物线焦点弦长的计算,考查计算能力,属于中等题.五、解答题17.已知抛物线E :()220y px p =>的焦点为F ,P 是E 上一点,且在第一象限,满足(2,PF =-.(1)求点P 的坐标和抛物线E 的方程;(2)已知过点P 的直线l 与E 有且只有一个公共点,求直线l 的方程.【答案】(1)P 坐标为(2,,抛物线的方程为216y x =;(2)y =y =+【解析】(1)先表示出焦点坐标和设点P 的坐标,再建立方程组解得0y =8p =,最后求点P 的坐标和抛物线的方程即可;(2)先判断当直线l 的斜率不存在时,l 与抛物线有两个交点,再根据题意设直线l 的方程,求出0k =与k =l 的方程.【详解】(1)焦点坐标,02P F ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,设200,2y P y p ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,因为(2,PF =-,所以2222y p p y ⎧-=⎪⎨⎪-=-⎩, 又0p >,解得0y =8p =,所以P坐标为(2,,抛物线的方程为216y x =.(2)当直线l 的斜率不存在时,l 与抛物线有两个交点,故舍去;当直线l 的斜率存在时,设直线l 的方程为y kx b =+,代入抛物线方程,消去x 得到216320ky y k --+=,若0k =,此时直线l:y = 若0k ≠,则(2564320k k ∆=--+=,解得k =综上:直线l的方程为y =y =+【点睛】本题考查求抛物线的标准方程、根据直线与抛物线的位置关系求直线方程,是基础题.18.已知椭圆1C :()222210x y a b a b+=>>的离心率为12,抛物线2C 的焦点与椭圆1C 的右焦点F 重合,1C 的中心与2C 的顶点重合.过F 且与x 轴垂直的直线交1C 于A ,B 两点,交2C 于C ,D 两点. (1)求ABCD的值; (2)设M 为1C 与2C的公共点,若3OM =,求1C 与2C 的标准方程. 【答案】(1)34AB CD =;(2)椭圆方程为22143x y +=,抛物线方程为24y x =. 【解析】(1)设椭圆的方程为2222143x y c c+=,抛物线方程为24y cx =,然后分别求出AB 、CD 即可;(2)联立椭圆和抛物线的方程求出点M的坐标,然后由OM =c 即可.【详解】(1)因为椭圆1C 的离心率为12,所以设其方程为2222143x y c c+=,(),0F c ,令x c =解得32y c =±,所以3AB c =, 又抛物线2C 的焦点与椭圆1C 的右焦点(),0F c 重合,所以设其方程为24y cx =, 令x c =解得2y c =±,所以4CD c =, 故34AB CD =. (2)由222221434x y c c y cx⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=⎩消去y 得:22316120x cx c +-=,解得23x c =或6c -(舍).所以2,3M c ⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,因为OM =1c =. 即椭圆方程为22143x y +=,抛物线方程为24y x =.【点睛】本题考查的是椭圆和抛物线的综合问题,考查了学生的分析能力,属于基础题. 19.设椭圆C 的中心在坐标原点,焦点在x 轴上,离心率为2,且椭圆上的点到焦点1. (1)求椭圆C 的方程;(2)动直线l :x ty m =+(m <)与C 交于A ,B 两点,已知()2,0M ,且2MA MB ⋅=,求证:直线l 恒过定点.【答案】(1)2212x y +=;(2)证明见解析.【解析】(1)由题意易得c a =,1a c +=,解得a 和c 的值,再由222b a c =-得出2b 的值,最后写出椭圆的方程即可;(2)联立直线和椭圆的方程得到关于x 的一元二次方程,由韦达定理可得12y y +和12y y 的表达式,代入2MA MB ⋅=中可得23820m m -+=,解出m 的值即可证明直线过定点. 【详解】(1)设椭圆方程为()222210x y a b a b+=>>,焦距为2c ,由题意可得2c a =,1a c +=,所以a =1c =, 又2221b a c =-=,所以椭圆方程为2212x y +=;(2)由2212x y x ty m ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=+⎩消去x 得()2222220t y mty m +++-=,由>0∆,得222m t <+,设()11,A x y ,()22,B x y ,则12222mt y y t +=-+,212222m y y t -=+,()()()121212122224x x MA y M x x B y x x =--⋅+=-++()()()121222ty m ty m t y y m =++-++⎡⎤⎣⎦ ()()2212121(2)(2)2t y y t m y y m =++-++-=,所以有23820m m -+=,解得43m =,又m <,所以m =,即直线l恒过定点⎫⎪⎪⎝⎭. 【点睛】本题考查椭圆标准方程的求法,考查椭圆的简单几何性质,考查直线过定点问题,考查逻辑思维能力和运算求解能力,属于常考题.20.已知椭圆C :()222210x y a b a b+=>>的左顶点为()2,0A -,右焦点()1,0F ,斜率为()0k k ≠的直线l 与C 交于M ,N 两点.(1)当直线l 过原点O 时,满足直线AM ,AN 斜率和为2k -,求弦长MN ; (2)当直线l 过点F 时,满足直线AM ,AN 斜率和为k -,求实数k 的值. 【答案】(1)MN =(2)1k =±.【解析】(1)先求出椭圆的方程,设()00,M x y ,()00,N x y --,根据2AM AN k k k+=-可得202x =,代入椭圆方程求出2032y =,从而求出弦长|MN |; (2)直线l 方程为(1)y k x =-,与椭圆方程联立,利用韦达定理代入AM AN k k k +=-,即可求出k 的值. 【详解】(1)由左顶点为()2,0A -,右焦点()1,0F 知2,1a c ==, 所以2223b a c =-=所以椭圆方程为22143x y +=,设()00,M x y ,()00,N x y --, 由2AM AN k k k +=-,得0000222y y k x x +=-+-,0000222kx kx k x x +=-+-, 因为0k ≠,所以202x =,代入椭圆方程得2032y =,所以MN ==.(2)设直线l 方程为(1)y k x =-,由22143(1)x y y k x ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=-⎩消去y 得,()22223484120k x k x k +-+-=, >0∆恒成立,设()11,M x y ,()22,N x y ,则2122834k x x k +=+,212241234k x x k -=+, 由AM AN k k k +=-,得121222y yk x x +=-++, ()()12121122k x k x k x x --+=-++,又0k ≠,所以()()1212121224124x x x x x x x x ++-=-+++,()12120x x x x ∴++=,2222412803434k k k k -∴+=++, 21k =∴解得1k =±. 【点睛】本题主要考查了椭圆的标准方程,椭圆的简单几何性质,考查了直线与椭圆的位置关系,属于中档题.21.已知双曲线E :()222210,0x y a b a b-=>>的实轴长为,F 为右焦点,()0,1M ,()0,1N -,且MNF 为等边三角形.(1)求双曲线E 的方程;(2)过点M 的直线l 与E 的左右两支分别交于P 、Q 两点,求PQN 面积的取值范围.【答案】(1)2212x y -=;(2)[)4,+∞. 【解析】(1)由题意可知c =,再利用2a =和2221b c a =-=,即可求出a , b , c 的值,从而得到双曲线E 的方程;(2)当直线l 的斜率存在时,直线与双曲线没有交点,当直线l 的斜率存在时,设其方程为1y kx =+,与双曲线方程联立,利用韦达定理以及弦长公式得到PQNS=,由1200x x ∆>⎧⎨<⎩,求出k 的取值范围,从而求出PQNS的取值范围.【详解】(1)设焦距为2c ,因为()0,1M ,()0,1N -,且MNF 为等边三角形, 所以c =又2a =,所以a =2221bc a =-=,所以双曲线方程为2212x y -=.(2)当直线l 的斜率不存在时,直线与双曲线没有交点,当直线l 的斜率存在时,设其方程为1y kx =+,22112y kx x y =+⎧⎪⎨-=⎪⎩消去y 得到()2212440k x kx ---=, 设()11,P x y ,()22,Q x y ,则122412kx x k +=-,122412x x k =--, 因为直线l 与E 的左右两支分别交于两点,所以1200x x ∆>⎧⎨<⎩,解得22k -<<,(或由双曲线的渐近线方程为y =得k <<).121212PQN x x x x S N M -==-=△=2102k ≤<, 令1,12t ⎛⎤=⎥⎝⎦, 则2441212t S t t t==--,因为12y t t=-在1,12⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦单调递增,所以当1t =时,y 最小为4. 即[)4,S ∈+∞. 【点睛】本题主要考查了双曲线的标准方程,双曲线的简单几何性质,考查了直线与双曲线的位置关系,属于中档题.22.已知点()1,0F 为抛物线E :()220y px p =>的焦点,直线l 与抛物线E 相交于A ,B 两点,抛物线E 在A ,B 两点处的切线交于M .(1)求证:A ,M ,B 三点的纵坐标成等差数列;(2)若AB a ,其中a 为定值,求证:ABM 的面积的最大值为38a p. 【答案】(1)证明见解析;(2)证明见解析.【解析】(1)由题得抛物线方程为24y x =,先求出两切线的方程分别为1122yy x y =+①,2222y y x y =+②,解之得122M y y y +=,即得证; (2)取AB 的中点Q ,连接MQ ,过M 点作MN AB ⊥,垂足为N ,先证明()212||4y y MN -≤,设直线AB 的方程为x my t =+(由题意可知0m ≠),所以12y y a -≤,所以2||8a MN ≤,即得ABM 的面积的最大值.【详解】(1)证明:由题得抛物线方程为24y x =,设211,4y A y ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,由题意可知切线的斜率一定存在,设为k , 211244y y y k x y x ⎧⎛⎫-=-⎪ ⎪⎨⎝⎭⎪=⎩消去x 得,2211440ky y y ky -+-=, 因为直线与抛物线相切,所以0∆=,解得12k y =, 此时切线方程为211124y y y x y ⎛⎫-=- ⎪⎝⎭即112,2y y x y =+① 同理设222,4y B y ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,另一条切线方程为2222y y x y =+②, 将①②联立方程组,解得122M y y y +=, 所以A ,M ,B 三点的纵坐标成等差数列.(2)取AB 的中点Q ,连接MQ ,过M 点作MN AB ⊥,垂足为N ,第 2 页 共 4 页则()2221212121212||||24844y y x x y y y y y y MN MQ -++≤=-=-=, 设直线AB 的方程为x my t =+(由题意可知0m ≠),则212||1AB m y y a =+-=,所以12y y a -≤,即()2212||||48y y a MN MQ -≤=≤, 所以3311||||||22168ABM a a S AB MN a MQ p=⋅≤⋅==. 【点睛】本题主要考查直线和抛物线的位置关系,考查抛物线的最值问题的求解,意在考查学生对这些知识的理解掌握水平.。
如皋市2020-2021学年高一上学期教学质量调研(一)语文试题(含答案)
如皋市2020-2021学年高一上学期教学质量调研(一)语文试题一、现代文阅读(22分)(一)论述类文本阅读(9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
血缘是稳定的力量。
在稳定的社会中,地缘不过是血缘的投影,不分离的。
“生于斯,死于斯”把人和地的因缘固定了。
生,也就是血,决定了他的地。
世代间人口的繁殖,像一个根上长出的树苗,在地域上靠近在一伙。
地域上的靠近可以说是血缘上亲疏的一种反映,区位是社会化了的空间。
我们在方向上分出尊卑:左尊于右,南尊于北,这是血缘的坐标。
空间本身是浑然的,但是我们却用了血缘的坐标把空间划分了方向和位置。
当我们用“地位”两字来描写一个人在社会中所占的据点时,这个原是指“空间”的名词却有了社会价值的意义。
这也告诉我们“地”的关联派生于社会关系。
在人口不流动的社会中,自足自给的乡土社会的人口是不需要流动的,家族这社群包含着地域的涵义。
村落这个概念可以说是多余的,儿谣里“摇摇摇,摇到外婆家”,在我们自己的经验中,“外婆家”充满着地域的意义。
血缘和地缘的合一是社区的原始状态。
但是人究竟不是植物,还是要流动的。
乡土社会中无法避免的是“细胞分裂”的过程,一个人口在繁殖中的血缘社群,繁殖到一定程度,他们不能在一定地域上集居了,那是因为这社群所需的土地面积,因人口繁殖,也得不断的扩大。
扩大到一个程度,住的地和工作的地距离太远,阻碍着效率时,这社群不能不在区位上分裂。
——这还是以土地可以无限扩张时说的。
事实上,每个家族可以向外开垦的机会很有限,人口繁殖所引起的常是向内的精耕,精耕受着土地报酬递减律的限制,逼着这社群分裂,分出来的部分到别的地方去找耕地。
如果分出去的细胞能在荒地上开垦,另外繁殖成个村落,它和原来的乡村还保持着血缘的联系,甚至把原来地名来称这新地方,那是说否定了空间的分离。
这种例子在移民社会中很多。
在美国旅行的人,如果只看地名,会发生这是个“揉乱了的欧洲”的幻觉。
新英伦、纽约(新约克)是著名的;伦敦、莫斯科等地名在美国地图上都找得到,而且不止一个。
江苏省南通如皋市2024~2025学年高二上学期教学质量调研(一)英语试题
江苏省南通如皋市2024~2025学年高二上学期教学质量调研(一)英语试题一、听力选择题1.How will the woman’s company advertise the new products?A.On TV.B.On a website.C.On outdoor posters2.What stops the man from buying the suit?A.It is too expensive.B.It is not the right color.C.It is not very comfortable. 3.Why is the man angry?A.The birds attacked his friends.B.The birds ate his plants.C.The birds scared him.4.What are the speakers celebrating?A.A wedding.B.Their graduation.C.An opening ceremony. 5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Friends.B.Relativesrub1ooon C.Co-workers.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
6.What will Dr. Jenkins do on Wednesday?A.Train a medical team.B.Perform an operation.C.Appear on a news show.7.Where will Dr. King be on Wednesday?A.At a meeting.B.At an interview.C.At a patient’s home.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
8.Where are the speakers?A.In a car.B.In a bookstore.C.In a classroom.9.What does the man need to buy?A.A painting.B.Some books.C.Some art supplies.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
江苏省如皋市2020_2021学年高二历史上学期期末教学质量调研试题选修202103170139
某某省如皋市2020-2021学年高二历史上学期期末教学质量调研试题(选修)一、选择题:本大题15小题,每小题3分,共45分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一项是最符合题目要求的。
1.元代的高层政区(行省)不存在多个机构并立,而实行众官集体负责制,尤其是军事、财赋二权不得集于一人,且调动军队、更改赋税等都须有中书省的诏令。
材料表明元代行省A.保证地方享有自主权B.使集权分治有机统一C.导致严重的冗官现象D.有助于加强中央集权2.宋朝皇帝不可以不经中书门下和枢密院,而将“圣旨”直接下达有关机构。
中书门下和枢密院在接到皇帝批发的“指挥”后,也要参照前后敕令审度可否,然后颁行。
这表明当时中枢机构的运行A.保证君权独尊B.注重决策程序化C.提高行政效率D.有利于权臣干政3.“他们太不懂政治,他们占了某某十多年,几乎丝毫没有在制度上建树。
……因为这一集团里,太没有读书人……他们又到处焚毁孔庙,孔子的书被称为妖书,他们想把民族传统文化完全推翻。
”材料评价的是A.太平天国运动B.义和团运动C.辛亥革命D.新文化运动4A.结束了我国的闭关锁国状态B.使列强获取资本输出特权C.开启了中国政治某某化进程D.使中外反动势力公开勾结5.下表为某一时期中共党员构成统计表。
某某区北方区某某区某某区工人42.68% 63.7% 84.32% 46.9%农民30.14% 2.4% 14.4% 知识分子及其它27.4% 33.8% 15.3% 11.75%2册据此判断,这一时期是A.北伐战争时期B.土地革命时期C.抗日战争时期D.解放战争时期6.“国民党反动派剩下的最大的军队就是放在长江以南的这一战线上,他们再没有比这更大的有组织的军队了。
”为了消灭这支军队,解放军发动了A.某某会战B.平津战役C.淮海战役D.渡江战役7.“(它)汲取了传统中国‘从俗从宜’的治边经验,根据不同的习俗、文化、制度和历史状态以形成多样性的中央——地方关系,但这一制度不是历史的复制,而是全新的创造”。
