(完整版)美国文学选读--Lecture8
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Lectures on American Literature——美国文学讲义
True Relation of Virginia (1608)
Description of New England (1616)
General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles (1624)
我要讴歌基督教创造的 奇迹为逃避欧洲的腐败 堕落，他们来到美洲的 海滩；……感谢上帝的 庇佑，把印第安人的荒 芜之地变得辉煌灿烂。 ---科顿· 马瑟
我们将成为整个世界的山巅 城 ( a city set upon a hill )， 全世界人民的眼睛都将看着 我们。如果我们在实现这一 事业的过程中欺骗了上帝， 如果上帝不再像今天那样帮 助我们，那么我们终将成为 世人的笑柄。
A Puritan Should Be…
务实的理想主义者
教条机会主义者
• “a visionary梦想家 who never forget that two plus two equals four; He was a practical idealist…his conduct was regulated by expediency 私利. He was a doctrinaire教条主义者 and an opportunist.”
• In content
religious writings serving either God or colonial expansion
• In form
imitating English literary tradition
American colonial literature is neither real literature nor American
美国文学史Chapter 8
A Rose for Emily
Chronological Sequence: 5-6-2-7-9-8-10-11-4-12-13-3-14-15/1-16 2.Unique point of view: "we" 3.Symbols Emily-Homer Barren-Emily's father-Rose-4. Gothic
His Life
Faulkner was raised in and heavily influenced by the state of Mississippi, as well as by the history and culture of the South as a whole. When he was four years old, his entire family moved to the nearby town of Oxford, where he lived on and off for the rest of his life. Oxford is the model for the town of "Jefferson" in his fiction, and Lafayette County, which contains the town of Oxford, is the model for his fictional Yoknapatawpha County.
A Rose for Emily
1. Structure:(Stream of Consciousness) Ⅰ.Emily's funeral(1) --remitting her taxes by Colonel Sartoris(2)--confronting with Aldermen about the taxes(3)---Ⅱ.slinking about her house to sprinkle lime(4)Ⅱ --her father's overprotection from men(5)--refusing to bury her father(6)--Ⅲ.falling in love with Homer (7)-Ⅲ buying poison(8)--Ⅳ.prevention from her relatives(9)-Ⅳ buying toilet set and clothing for marriage(10)--Homer's disappearance and Emily's stay at home at the time(11)-giving lessons in china-painting(12)--refusing to fasten metal number and mailbox(13)--her death(14)--Ⅴ.Emily Ⅴ 's funeral(15)--Homer's body and the hair on theFalkner was greatly influenced by the history of his family and the region in which they lived. Mississippi marked his sense of humor, his sense of the tragic position of blacks and whites, his characterization of Southern characters and timeless themes. Faulkner himself made the change to his last name in 1918 upon joining the Air Force. Faulkner was relatively unknown before receiving the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature. In 1959 he suffered serious injuries in a horse-riding accident. Faulkner died of a heart attack at the age of 64 on July 6, 1962.
美国文学chapter_8
Backward
Forward
Henry Adams (1838–1918)
Adams, Henry, Born in Boston into one of the country's most prominent families - both his great-grandfather and his grandfather had been Presidents of the United States -, Adams graduated from Harvard in 1858. He travelled extensively, spending many years in Europe. His novel Democracy was published anonymously in 1880 and immediately became popular. However, only after Adams's death did his publisher reveal Adams's authorship. He is a writer and historian, born in Boston, son of Charles Francis Adams (1807–86). He was secretary (1861–68) to his father, then U.S. minister to Great Britain. Upon his return to the United States, having already abandoned the law and seeing no opportunity in the traditional Adams vocation of politics, he briefly pursued journalism. He reluctantly accepted (1870) an offer to teach medieval history at Harvard, but nonetheless stayed on seven years and also edited (1870–76) the North American Review. In 1877 Adams moved to Washington, D.C., his home thereafter. He wrote a good biography of Albert Gallatin (1879), a less satisfactory one of John Randolph (1882), and two novels (the first anonymously and the second under a pseudonym)—Democracy (1880), a cutting satire on politics, and Esther (1884).
美国文学,美国文学选读American_Literature_Total(只要10分)
fluences
① Romantic Movement in England and Europe proved to be a decisive influence; ② Many English and European master of poetry and prose made stimulating impact on American Romanticism.
Returned to Am. at about 50 after being away for 17 years Lived a leisure life and wrote the rest of his life except 4 years as Minister to Spain Died in 1859 and unmarried all his life
His career and works
1st
phase: 1809—1832 ―English phase‖
2nd phase: 1832—1859 ―minor phase‖
1st phase: 1809—1832
“English phase”
主要阶段或英国阶段
A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty 《纽约外史》(1809) The Sketch Book 《见闻札记》(1819—1820) / The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. : ―Rip Wan Winkle‖ 《瑞普.凡.温克尔》 ―The Legend of Sleepy Hollow‖ 《睡谷的传说》 —marked the beginning of short story as a genre in Am. literature —marked the beginning of American Romanticism The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus 《哥仑布传》(1828) A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada 《攻克格拉纳达》(1829) The Alhambra 《阿尔罕伯拉》(1832)
① Romantic Movement in England and Europe proved to be a decisive influence; ② Many English and European master of poetry and prose made stimulating impact on American Romanticism.
Returned to Am. at about 50 after being away for 17 years Lived a leisure life and wrote the rest of his life except 4 years as Minister to Spain Died in 1859 and unmarried all his life
His career and works
1st
phase: 1809—1832 ―English phase‖
2nd phase: 1832—1859 ―minor phase‖
1st phase: 1809—1832
“English phase”
主要阶段或英国阶段
A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty 《纽约外史》(1809) The Sketch Book 《见闻札记》(1819—1820) / The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. : ―Rip Wan Winkle‖ 《瑞普.凡.温克尔》 ―The Legend of Sleepy Hollow‖ 《睡谷的传说》 —marked the beginning of short story as a genre in Am. literature —marked the beginning of American Romanticism The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus 《哥仑布传》(1828) A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada 《攻克格拉纳达》(1829) The Alhambra 《阿尔罕伯拉》(1832)
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第3版)笔记和课后习题详解(第8单元 马克
第8单元马克•吐温8.1复习笔记I.Introduction to author（作者简介）1.Life（生平）Mark Twain(1835-1910)is the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens.He was an American novelist and humorist.Twain grew up in Missouri,which would later provide the setting for Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer.He apprenticed with a printer.He also worked as a typesetter and contributed articles to his older brother Orion’s newspaper.After toiling as a printer in various cities,he became a master riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River before heading west to join Orion.He was a failure at gold mining, so he next turned to journalism.While a reporter,he wrote a humorous story,"The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,"which became very popular and brought nationwide attention.His travelogues were also well received.He achieved great success as a writer and public speaker.His wit and satire earned praise from critics and peers,and he was a friend to presidents,artists, industrialists,and European royalty.马克·吐温(1835—1910)是萨缪尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯的笔名。
(完整版)英美文学选读课PPTLectureTwo
• The battle between Beowulf and the Dragon symbolically can be seen as the fight between summer and winter gods. Beowulf represents the Summer God, and the Dragon is the symbol of the Winter Dragon. Finally he kills the Dragon and brings life to earth again.
● Beowulf killed Grendel’s mother and be the king of the country.
● Beowulf fought against the fire dragon and died.
The Theme
• How the primitive people struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.
Beowulf
The Story
● Hrothgar, built a great hall named Heorot ● The hall was later harassed by a monster named Grendel. ● Beowulf fought againsts Grendel and killed him. ● Grendel’s mother came to revenge.
The earliest inhabitants in England: the Celts, from the upper Rhineland
● Beowulf killed Grendel’s mother and be the king of the country.
● Beowulf fought against the fire dragon and died.
The Theme
• How the primitive people struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.
Beowulf
The Story
● Hrothgar, built a great hall named Heorot ● The hall was later harassed by a monster named Grendel. ● Beowulf fought againsts Grendel and killed him. ● Grendel’s mother came to revenge.
The earliest inhabitants in England: the Celts, from the upper Rhineland
(完整版)美国文学选读--Lecture6
American Naturalism
• It is a literary movement in 1890s. • It is a more advanced stage of realism. • The American naturalists accept the more negative
• The forces that were behind the city-ward movement were chances to change, which is considered as a kind of human and social evolution.
Realism
for the familiar and the low. • Realists tries to vividly describe details from observation of
actual life. • Realists tries to offer an rather than an idealized view of
• A. Time
• the latter half of the 19the century, esp. 1870s, 1880s
• B. Features
• Realism comes as a reaction against “the lie” of Romanticism. • It expresses the concern for the world of the commonplace, and
✓ Henry James: Life should be the main object of the novel.
✓ Mark Twain: Writers should keep in their mind the soul, the life, and the speech of the people
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第2版)课后习题详解(第8单元 马克
8.2课后习题详解1.Why do you think Mr.Wheeler is so eager to tell these stories?Key:Because Mr.Wheeler regards these stories as really important matters,and he admires the two heroes of these stories very much.He is really eager to share his stories with others.2.Does his audience share his enthusiasm in telling the stories?Key:No,his audience does not share his enthusiasm nor has any interest in his stories.Although the narrator tells his stories in a very earnest and sincere way,his audience shows no interest,because that it has nothing to do with his preoccupation.As an educated man,the audience cannot understand the way of laborers for joy,and he will not bother himself to understand it.So,in the end, when the audience gets a chance,he flees away.3.Do you think the narrator and his listener ever suspect the presence of humor? Why?How do you interpret their interactions?Key:No,I don’t think that the narrator and his listener ever suspect the presence of humor.Because both the narrator and the listener show no special response andemotion to these stories,that is,the narrator tells his stories for the story-telling sake,and the listener listening to it for the listening sake.There is no communication between them,which causes the failure of interaction.。
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• Life is predatory, a “game” of the lecherous and heartless, a jungle struggle in which man, is a mere pawn in the general scheme of things, with no power whatevemost all of his main characters are based on the real people.
✓ Vivid description of environment settings and social background.
• 3. His novels are full of tragedies, serious subjects and miserable side of the society.
• Later in 1892, he began his career as a reporter, first with the Chicago Globe, and then with several other newspapers.
• Since 1893, he began to write, first wrote short stories, and then long novels.
• His first novel, Sister Carrie, was rejected many times because of his relentless honesty in presenting the true nature of American life.
• In his later life, he turned to Communism. In 1945, he joined the Communist Party of America.
Theodore Dreiser
Theodore Dreiser （1871-1945）
• Dreiser was born in Terre Haute, Indiana in 1871. • As the ninth child of German immigrants, he
experienced considerable poverty while a child and at the age of fifteen was forced to leave home in search of work. • With the help from a sympathetic high school teacher, he spent the year 1889-1890 at the University of Indiana. • He acquired his real education from direct personal experience and from independent reading and thinking.
• Social Darwinism had a determining effect on his outlook and personal experiences led him to a pessimistic view of human helplessness in the face of instinct and social forces.
✓ His characters can’t assert their will against natural and economic forces.
• 2. He developed the capacity for photographic and relentless observation, thereby truthfully reflecting the society and people of his time and making his novels very believable and convincing.
✓ Dreiser broke through the genteel tradition, revealed the life of the lower class people and dared to expose the vulgar and ugly side of the society. (subject matter)
• No one is ethically free; everything is determined by a complex of internal chemisms and by the forces of social pressure.
Writing Features
• 1. As a naturalistic writer, Dreiser stressed determinism in his novels.
《嘉莉妹妹》 《珍妮姑娘》 《金融家》 《巨人》 《斯多葛》 《天才》 《美国悲剧》 《德莱赛看俄国》
Point of view
• He embraced social Darwinism – survival of the fittest. He learned to regard man as merely an animal driven by greed and lust in a struggle for existence in which only the “fittest”, the most ruthless, survive.
Works
• Sister Carrie (1900) • Jennie Gerhardt (1911) • The Financier (1912) • The Titan (1914) • The Stoic (posthumously 1947) • The Genius (1915) • An American Tragedy (1925) • Dreiser Looks at Russia (1928)
✓ Vivid description of environment settings and social background.
• 3. His novels are full of tragedies, serious subjects and miserable side of the society.
• Later in 1892, he began his career as a reporter, first with the Chicago Globe, and then with several other newspapers.
• Since 1893, he began to write, first wrote short stories, and then long novels.
• His first novel, Sister Carrie, was rejected many times because of his relentless honesty in presenting the true nature of American life.
• In his later life, he turned to Communism. In 1945, he joined the Communist Party of America.
Theodore Dreiser
Theodore Dreiser （1871-1945）
• Dreiser was born in Terre Haute, Indiana in 1871. • As the ninth child of German immigrants, he
experienced considerable poverty while a child and at the age of fifteen was forced to leave home in search of work. • With the help from a sympathetic high school teacher, he spent the year 1889-1890 at the University of Indiana. • He acquired his real education from direct personal experience and from independent reading and thinking.
• Social Darwinism had a determining effect on his outlook and personal experiences led him to a pessimistic view of human helplessness in the face of instinct and social forces.
✓ His characters can’t assert their will against natural and economic forces.
• 2. He developed the capacity for photographic and relentless observation, thereby truthfully reflecting the society and people of his time and making his novels very believable and convincing.
✓ Dreiser broke through the genteel tradition, revealed the life of the lower class people and dared to expose the vulgar and ugly side of the society. (subject matter)
• No one is ethically free; everything is determined by a complex of internal chemisms and by the forces of social pressure.
Writing Features
• 1. As a naturalistic writer, Dreiser stressed determinism in his novels.
《嘉莉妹妹》 《珍妮姑娘》 《金融家》 《巨人》 《斯多葛》 《天才》 《美国悲剧》 《德莱赛看俄国》
Point of view
• He embraced social Darwinism – survival of the fittest. He learned to regard man as merely an animal driven by greed and lust in a struggle for existence in which only the “fittest”, the most ruthless, survive.
Works
• Sister Carrie (1900) • Jennie Gerhardt (1911) • The Financier (1912) • The Titan (1914) • The Stoic (posthumously 1947) • The Genius (1915) • An American Tragedy (1925) • Dreiser Looks at Russia (1928)