高考英语完形填空专项训练含答案
高考英语完形填空解题思路与训练
一、高考英语完形填空命题与解题思路
完形填空题是高考英语卷中的重要题型，不仅侧重于考查学生的逻辑思维能力和对具体语境把握能力，更是对学生整体语篇意义理解的连贯性和运用语言的准确性考查。它属于有一定难度的障碍性阅读理解题，是学生感到最难把握的题型
一。
分析近几年高考题，完形填空所选短文的体裁多为记叙文、说明文和议论文。写人或记事，兼有个别议论的句子。趣味性强并兼有教育意义。一般为400单词左右的一篇短文，其内容逻辑性强，文章结构严谨，层次分明。文章首句不设空，但交待相关的背景材料，可挖掘的信息点很多，对整篇文章的理解起着至关重要的作用。
近几年试题中尤为注重说明文和议论文。
说明文命题趋势：说明型完形填空选材难度一般低于试卷中的阅读理解大题。在设空与选项设计方面充分体现了语言知识运用题的要求：以实词为主（名、动、形、副），绝大多数小题都要从全文角度进行判断。这一命题思路体现了“语篇意识”。
议论文命题趋势：议论文是一种通过剖析事物，论述事理，提出主张，发表见解的文体。议论型完形填空分为两种，一种是夹叙夹议型完形填空；另一种是纯议论型完形填空。第一种的基本模式是：叙述事件，提出感悟，作出结论。第二种的基本模式是：提出论点，列举论据，
提出看法。
那么如何做好完形填空呢？
解题思路一：通读全文，了解大意，先易后难。
通常在答题之前, 要花1—2分钟把文章略读一遍,以便对文章有个大概的了解。在详读的过程中，可以边读边选择一些容易的选项, 对个别不理解的单词、1 / 25
短语,可以先不管它们。等读完文章后, 大部分的空格已填完, 全文的意思基本已掌握, 剩下的难题也就比较容易解决了。
解题思路二：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择。
首句通常是文章的主题句，通常不设空，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句, 对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。
例：On a hot summer day in last August, I sought shade and a cool drink at a
waterfront caféon a Greek island. Over a hundred degrees in ______ air.
A. fresh
B. cool
C. still
D. thin
解析: C。故事发生在一个炎热的夏天, 温度高, 自然没风。still 在此处为形容词, 意思是“静止的, 不动的”, 即没风。
解题思路三：瞻前顾后, 谨慎选择。
有些选择项根据上下句就能比较容易地做出正确判断, 有些则必须根据整篇文章的大意才能推出。通过上下文, 寻找隐含的各种信息和紧抓语境暗示是解答完形填空题的主要手段和策略。
例：The man stepped ___1___ for the two chairs. He politely ___2___ his lady
in the knee - deep water and then sat down himself.
1. A. outside B. forward C. down D. back
B. seated
C. watched 2. A. led
D. received
解析：1. D。根据上下文, 不难看出, 那两口子搬完桌子后, 又回来搬椅子,
即: step back for sth.
2. B。本空后有宾语his lady , 根据后半句“and then sat down himself”, 答案应为seated his lady “让他夫人就坐”。
解题思路四：借助语法知识, 选择正确的答案。
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例1：When Ed first phoned and ______ we play, I laughed quietly …A. declared B. mentioned C. persuaded D. suggested
解析：D。根据学过的语法知识,我们知道主句的谓语动词表示建议的意思时, 宾语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气,即用“( should )+ 动词原形”。题干句中“play”的形式是关键信息。
例2：Finally Peter decided to go to the USA and，as his father had told
him，______ to be a doctor.
A. studies
B. studying
C. study
D. studied
解析：C。分析句子结构可知，空白处与前面的动词go为并列动词不定式，均作谓语decided的宾语，故选C。此题若忽略分析句子结构，很容易误选D。此题的难点在于句中有一个插入性质的as引导的从句，将两个不定式分隔开了。从而造成辨认第二个动词不定式的困难。解题思路五：利用生活常识，文化背景。
例：One day, the girl ___1___ into the plane, started it and soon left the ___2___.
1. A. climbed B. looked C. reached D. fell
D. ground
C. water 2. A. house B. floor
解析：1. A。2. D。根据生活常识，这女孩应是先爬进机舱，才能起动飞机，最后使飞机飞离地面。
解题思路六：采取排除法。
解答完形填空题的过程中，有时我们会遇到这样的情况：对某一题的正确选项的含义、用法不甚明白，但发现其他选项有显而易见的谬误。这时我们可以尝试排除法, 剔除错误的选项。随着选择范围的缩小, 选中正确选项的机会就会增大。
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3. A. displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging
解析：A。第3题的解题步骤为：首先从动宾搭配上看，C选项（创造学生艺术品）可以排除，再从该句的上文看。上文说应该设计竞争性小的活动，所以答案应该是“展示学生艺术作品”。
解题思路七: 找寻固定词组、常用句型或习惯用法。
例1：A waiter appeared. He paused for just a second , walked into the water to
______ the table and ……
A. set
B. wash
C. remove
D. check
解析：A。set the table 在饭桌上摆好刀叉等餐具准备开饭。这是一种固定说法。
例2. With it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle ______ of flying into
space and returning many times.
A. capable
B. suitable
C. efficient
D. fit
解析：A。be capable of是习惯搭配，意为“能够”。
建议：
1）注意词语的搭配：动词的搭配(do 和make的搭配能力较强，要记牢、记熟)。
do(a job, work, shopping, cooking, reading, typing, sewing, good, wrong, damage, harm, a favor, an injury, etc.)
2）形容词与名词的搭配有的具有一定的文化背景，学生要注意“貌合神离”的词语。如：
lucky dog 幸运儿、right hand得力助手、narrow escape死里逃生、dark
horse出人意料的获胜者
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3）有些形容词可以加一个形容词修饰，表示强调，使表达更加生动。如：pitch dark（漆黑的）、brand new （崭新的）、crystal clear（水晶般的）、wide open（张得大大的）、fast asleep（睡得很熟的）、wide awake （完全醒着的）、icy cold（冰冷的）, etc.
4）有些形容词可以和不同的介词搭配，学生应注意比较、归纳。如：sick
for 渴望、tired from因…而疲劳、engaged in 忙于、sick of 厌倦、tired of 对…厌倦、engaged to 与某人订婚。
解题思路八: 利用原词复现或同现, 选择最佳选项。
1．在完形填空中, 某一词语通常重复出现, 使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯, 从而构成一个完整的意义整体。
例1: First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to
______ six windows.
A. rub
B. drop
C. break
D. clean
解析：D。同源词复现，由window-cleaner可知为clean the window。2．同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇。
1）名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如：
school---primary school—middle school—college—university students—pupils—graduates—postgraduates
2）动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如：
school—teach—learn—attend—found—drop out—graduate—be dismissed
3)形容词同现; 就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如：5 / 25
4) 结构同现: 结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。如：some…,others; on one hand…,on the other hand; former…,latter; so…that; not
only…but also; hardly/scarcely…when…; no sooner…than…; be about to do /be doing
/had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way …
when…;
例2: I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn't
empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then
on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ______, dressed neatly.
解析：A。名词同现，从room, furniture,等同现信息可知。
例3:We were ______ to go back for class again when the headmaster called
us together and said, …
A. about
B. able
C. sorry
D. sure
解析：A。结构同现，be about to do …when…。
解题思路九：顺应文意,定位选词。
做题时, 要充分利用上下文, 找到有提示作用的词。这些词可以是同义词、近义词或反义词, 也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等。
例1: After you have learned to think of several words in English，then move
on to the next step—thinking in ______.
A. sentences
B. passages
C.1essons
D. classes
解析：A。需注意上下文逻辑推理以及名词的含义。第一步是考虑单词，接下来应该是考虑句子。故选A。
例2: Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very
______.
A. deep
B. high
C. cold
D. dangerous
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解析：A。根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow相反，因此答案为A。
例3: Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the
20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much
had happened __1__. As was discussed before, it was not __2__ the
19th century
that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic __3__.
1. A. between B. before C. since D. later
2. A. after B. by C. during D. until
3. A. means B. method C. medium D. measure 解析：1. A. 2. D. 3. C。我们注意到文章讲了两个时间：20世纪
5、16世纪，而19世纪显然是处在两者之间，故第1题填between。第2题是一语法结构题，固定结构：It was not until---that---。第3题属于前面介绍的信息词题。上文中出现的：television, printing, newspaper均说明该题应填medium。
解题思路十：仔细推敲, 注重逻辑。
做完完形填空题后,要根据所选答案迅速地把文章完整地读一遍, 看语法、惯用法对不对;看是否符合上下文的逻辑; 看是否符合故事情节的发展,以便更正可能的错误选择。
一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用。作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑，学生在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解，找到适当的逻辑关系，然后选择正确的过渡词。学生必掌握常见的过渡词：
1. 递进
in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what's more, what's
worse, to make matters worse , to make things worse , worse still
2.比较
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3.对照
in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the
contrary, while
4.因果
because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so,
thus
5.强调
certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially，in particular, absolutely,
6.让步
although, though, after all, in spite of
7.举例
for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case,
by way of illustration.
8. 时间和空间
afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last
outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite,
in front of
9. 总结
to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary
例1: It has been many years since I was last in London ______ I still remember
something that happened during that visit.
A. and
B. for
C. but
D. as
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解析：C。根据句前的many years和句后的still remember，答案应选表示转折的连词but。
例2: Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no
nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people ______ believe in being on the safe
side and thus take extra vitamins.
A. nevertheless
B. therefore
C. moreover
D. meanwhile
解析：A。从句意可知，尽管服用额外的维生素是没用的，但很多人还是会服用。Nevertheless的意思是“尽管如此，然而”，符合句意。练习：
1
Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large
enough for their piano. That night, the two of them 41 side by side at the piano.
They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud 42
filled the room
and made them feel very happy.
“Maybe we could go and 47 everyone in person.”his mother
said.
They both loved the 49 . Over the next few days, they sent out invitations
and prepared desserts 50 their guests. They decorated the apartment with
streamers(彩带) and party lights.
Finally, the day of the party 51 . Some guests brought presents. Others
brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to 52 . One woman, Mrs. Gilbert,
53 Dario's mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.
“I heard you playing the other night,”she said. “The sounds woke me out of bed.
I 54 that you might play like this every night. So I wrote a short note. I hope
you don't think I disliked the playing.”
Dario's mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we 55 you an apology.”she said. “I didn't 56 how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we
should play some quieter music at night.
9 / 25
“You play, you play!”Mrs. Gilbert said. “I like what you play! Just not so loud at
night.”She pointed to the book she had given them. “These songs are not such 57
music.”
“These songs are beautiful music.”Dario's mother said. “We will be 58 to
play them in the evening.”
“And we won't play so loud or late!”Dario said. He was already looking forward
to 59 the new music. More than that, however, he was happy to see the big
smile on his mother's face. It gave him a feeling of 60 and made him feel that
they were home at last.
41. A. sat B. stood C. lay D. walked
42. A. voice B. ring C. music D. cry
43. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. instead
44. A. note B. poster C. bill D.report
C. lucky
45. A. proud B. rich D. nice
46. A. neighbors B. friends C. relatives D. audience
47. A. blame B. instruct C. question D. visit
48. A. party B. concert C. show
D. play
C. Performance
D. action
49. A. experience B. idea
50. A. to B. with C. for D. from
51. A. continued B. arrived C. passed D. finished
52. A. order B. sell C. share D. advertise
C. helped 53. A. treated
D. served
B. presented
54. A. promised B. admitted C. agreed D. worried
55. A. give
B. send
C. offer
D. owe
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56. A. realize B. remember C. understand D. accept
57. A. sweet B. strange C. funny D. loud
58. A. brave B. sorry C. happy D. afraid
C. recording B. practicing
D. writing
59. A. changing
60. A. equality B. freedom C. warmth D. sympathy
2
Holly felt confused as she unwrapped the gift from her best friend, Susan. It was
a twelve-by-eighteen-inch dark blue carpet. The murmured “thanks”was 41
heard as Holly tried hard not to allow her 42 to show. Then the two girls
headed outside to play.
The next morning, I carried a full kitchen bag outside. My heart 43 as I
lifted the lid of the rubbish can and saw Susan's carpet lying on the bottom.
Hesitating only a moment, I 44 in and picked it up, and then put it 45
in a closet. As there were a lot of things in our daily life , the carpet was soon
46 .
Before Holly's birthday, Susan had been a(n) 47 visitor in our home. But
one day I suddenly realized it was nearly three weeks 48 we'd heard Susan's
name last time. The singing in the yard told me Holly had arrived home from school.
“Susan invited me to her house after school tomorrow.”she
49 . Although her
voice carried a so-what attitude, I 50 she was pleased by the invitation.
As the evening drew 56 , we offered our thanks for the visit and said
good-bye. Usually Holly talked a lot in the car. 57 , this time she sat quietly, lost
in thought. When we got home, she rushed to the rubbish can. Her head 58
as she entered the house.
3
War started in our house in late July with a month to go before my first day of
college. It was a battle of wills over what college I was to attend. Mom wanted me to
11 / 25
attend a famous 41 school, and I wanted to go to a small writing college. Every
night for two weeks, we argued, shouted and gave 42 treatments until both
sides went to bed with regrets.
It was mostly my 43 . Since my junior year of high school, I had
44 at
being a nurse. I took all the science courses, and even worked as a 45 in my
town's local hospital. My 46 was to help the sick and be superwoman to the
world.
Yet, 47 graduation and college neared, it all changed.Treating the sick was
48 , but not what I was meant to do for the 49 of my life. I could picture
myself in hospitals, making rounds, and taking 50 , but I couldn't picture myself
happy. It wasn't the 51 I wanted.
Then, I realized I had been creating and writing stories for as long as I could
52 . I loved it, and writing was what I had been doing as a 53 . It was going to
be my career. And it had to be.
On August 1st, Mom and I sat down at the dinner table and I told her that she
had every 54 to choose where to spend her money, just like I had every right to
decide where I wanted to go to school. If it was her choice not to 55 any of my
college education, then I would take a year off to work and earn money so I could go
to the college I wanted. Standing by my decision to be a writer had 56 my firm
belief to my mom. Finally we were at 57 , and she decided to support me, which
58 the world to me.
41. A. cooking
B. gardening
C. nursing
D. writing
42. A. medical B. warm C. mental D. silent
D. turn 43. A. fault B. success C. duty
D. looked
B. aimed
C. pointed 44. A. wondered
B. volunteer
C. graduate 45. A. student
D. doctor
B. job 46. A. goal D. post
C. task
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47. A. before B. after C. until D. as
B. noble 48. A. rough D. easy
C. mild
B. whole 49. A. part
C. rest
D. half
50. A. notices B. examinations C. temperatures D. drugs
51. A. future B. effect C. drill D. idea
B. wait
C. find
D. remember 52. A. see
D. business 53. A. process B. hobby C. rule
54. A. chance D. ability
B. time
C. right
C. offer 55. A. expect B. raise
D. finance
C. shaken
D.
56. A. doubted B. followed
proven
57. A. peace B. war C. ease D. play
D. meant 58. A. attached B. applied C. devoted
59. A. for D. by
B. against
C. over
60. A. forced B. promised C.allowed
历届高考英语完形填空全国卷
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难度上，基本与现行高三教材相当。字数上，完形填空短文词数在240——320之间。 二、从所挖空格的角度 首先，该题型所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生熟悉语言环境，迅速进入主题，对文章有宏观和整体性的把握，建立正确的思维导向。正文中通常挖去20个词，平均每14词挖一个空格，通常不会出现两个空格前后相连或同一句子挖空超过三个的情况。 其次，挖去的词汇以实词为主，虚词为辅。语言分为形式和内容两方面，而完形填空题多重视考查语言的内容，这是与承载具体信息的实词紧密相关的。在高考对具体语法规则不断淡化的趋势下，常与语言形式即具体语法条目相关的虚词数量不断下降，目前仅在3个空格左右。
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While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手语). I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The 44 languages were enough in all my interactions(交往).Little did I know that I would discover my 45 for ASL. The 46 began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48 of communicating without speaking 49 me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 .This newness just left me 51 more. After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club`s meetings. I only learned how to 53 the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54 progress, I was excited. I then made it a point to 55 those meetings and learn all I could. The following term, I 56 an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was 57 . I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have 59 us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60 way of communication it opens. 41. A. searching B. planning C. natural D. formal 42. A. progress B. experience C. major D. opinion 43. A. choose B. read C. learn D. create 44. A. official B. foreign C. body D. spoken 45. A. love B. concern C. goal D. request 46. A. meeting B. trip C. story D. task 47. A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed 48. A. idea B. amount C. dream D. reason 49. A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted 50. A. end B. past C. course D. distance 51. A. showing B. acting C. saying D. wanting 52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain 53. A. print B. write C. sign D. count 54. A. slow B. steady C. normal D. obvious 55. A. chair B. sponsor C. attend D. organize 56. A. missed B. passed C. gave up D. registered for 57. A. prohibited B. welcomed C. ignored D. repeated https://www.360docs.net/doc/5d13040648.html,stly B.Thus C.Instead D.However 59.A.required B.caused C.allowed D.expected 60.A.easy B.popular C.quick D.new
历年高考英语完形填空常用词汇总结
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2018高考高中英语完形填空题
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