英语演讲稿-The Fourteen Points by 伍德罗.威尔逊
14年的英语怎么写作文
14年的英语怎么写作文1、14英文写法是：Fourteen。
2、fourteen 读法英[ˌfɔːˈtiːn]美[ˌfɔːrˈtiːn]3、复数：fourteens4、用法：TheFourteenpointsconstitutethecorecontentofidealismandanalysisitsdifficultiesi npractice.译文：“十四点”构成了威尔逊理想主义的核心内容。
扩展资料：一、1-20的英语读法：1、one音标：英[wʌn]美[wʌn]。
2、two音标：英[tuː]美[tu]。
3、three音标：英[θriː]美[θri]。
4、four音标：英[fɔː]。
5、five音标：英[faɪv]。
6、six音标：英[sɪks]美[sɪks]。
7、seven音标：英['sev（ə）n]美['sɛvn]。
8、eight音标：英[eɪt]美[et]。
9、nine音标：英[naɪn]美[naɪn]。
10、ten音标：英[ten]美[tɛn]。
11、eleven音标：英[ɪ'lev（ə）n]美[ɪ'lɛvn]。
12、twelve音标：英[twelv]美[twɛlv]。
13、thirteen音标：英[θɜː'tiːn；'θɜːtiːn]美['θɝ'tin]。
14、fourteen音标：英[fɔː'tiːn;'fɔːtiːn]美[，fɔr'tin]。
15、fifteen音标：英[fɪf'tiːn;'fɪftiːn]美[，fɪf'tin]。
16、sixteen音标：英[sɪks'tiːn;'sɪkstiːn]美[，sɪks'tin]。
17、seventeen音标：英[sev（ə）n'tiːn;'sev（ə）ntiːn]美[，sɛvn'tin]。
10 The Fourteen Points
十四点计划伍德罗．威尔逊文在这篇于一九一八年一月八日，当第一次世界大战快结束时，对国会所发表的著名演说中，威尔逊总统提出十四点，认为这是促进世界和平的「唯一可行」的计划。
随后，这十四点被采用作为和平谈判的基础。
这个有关战争目的之声明所以成为必要，是由于协约国在确定其战争目的时意见不能一致，也由于俄国向德国求和。
十四点计划的根据是调查小组为总统准备的一份报告－－调查小组是由豪斯上校所组织的专门研究协约国与美国政策的一个委员会。
……我们的愿望和宗旨是这样的：和平的缔造过程一经开始便要绝对公开进行，嗣后不得容许任何类型的秘密默契。
征服和扩张的日子已经过去了；缔结那些仅有利于个别政府，但在某些预想不到的时刻却会颠覆世界和平的秘密条约的日子，也已过去了。
现在每个思想不再留恋过去时代的关心公共事务的人，都清楚看到了这一令人快慰的事实，这就使每一个宗旨符合正义和世界和平的国家，有可能于现在或其它时刻公开申明其心目中的目标。
我们参加这次战争，是因为正义受到侵犯，这使我们感到痛心，除非它们获得纠正而且保证不再在世界上出现，否则我国人民的生活便不可能维持下去。
因此，我们在这次战争中所要求的，绝不仅是和我们本身有关的东西。
我们所要求的，就是要使世界适合人类生存和安居乐业；尤其要使它成为一个这样的世界：所有爱好和平的国家那些像我们一样希望依照自己的方式生活，决定自己的制度的国家，能够获得正义的保证，并得到世界上其它民族的公平待遇而不致遭受暴力和损人利己的侵略。
事实上，全世界各民族都是这一事业的共事者，同时，以我们本身而论，我们看得十分清楚，除非正义施及他人，否别正义也不能独施予我。
因此，世界和平的方案，就是我们的方案；而依我们所见，这方案，这唯一可行的方案，应是这样的：1、公开和平条的，以公开的方式缔结，嗣后国际间不得有任何类型的秘密默契，外交必须始终在众目睽睽之下坦诚进行。
2、各国领海以外的海洋上应有绝对的航行自由，在和平时及战时均然，只有为执行国际公约而采取国际行动时才可以封海洋的一部分或全部。
经典英文演讲40
Woodrow Wilson: The Fourteen Points delivered 8 January 1918It will be our wish and purpose that the processes of peace, when they are begun, shall be absolutely open and that they shall involve and permit henceforth no secret understandings of any kind. The day of conquest and aggrandizement is gone by; so is al so the day of secret covenants entered into in the interest of particular governments and likely at someunlooked-for moment to upset the peace of the world. It is this happy fact, now clear to the view of every public man whose thoughts do not still linger in an age that is dead and gone, which makes it possible for every nation whose purposes are consistent with justice and the peace of the world to avow nor or at any other time the objects it has in view.We entered this war because violations of right had occurred which touched us to the quick and made the life of our own people impossible unless they were corrected and the world secure once for all against their recurrence. What we demand in this war, therefore, is nothing peculiar to ourselves. It is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression. All the peoples of the world are in effect partners in this interest, and for our own part we see very clearly that unless justice be done to others it will not be done to us. The program of the world's peace, therefore, is our program; and that program, the only possible program, as we see it, is this:I. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.III. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associat ing themselves for its maintenance.IV. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.V. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined.VI. The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world inobtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development and national policy and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy.VII. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence amo ng the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of international law is forever impaired.VIII. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all.IX. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.X. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development.XI. Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into.XII. The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees.XIII. An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.XIV. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.In regard to these essential rectifications of wrong and assertions of right we feel ourselves to be intimate partners of all the governments and peoples associated together against the Imperialists. We cannot be separated in interest or divided in purpose. We stand together until the end.For such arrangements and covenants we are willing to fight and to continue to fight until they are achieved; but only because we wish the right to prevail and desire a just and stable peace such as can be secured only by removing the chief provocations to war, which this program does remove. We have no jealousy of German greatness, and there is nothing in this program that impairs it. We grudge her no achievement or distinction of learning or of pacific enterprise such as have made her record very bright an d very enviable. We do not wish to injure her or to block in any way her legitimate influence or power. We do not wish to fight her either with arms or with hostile arrangements of trade if she is willing to associate herself with us and the other peace-loving nations of the world in covenants of justice and law and fair dealing. We wish her only to accept a place of equality among the peoples of the world, -- the new world in which we now live, -- instead of a place of mastery.。
威尔逊
参加一战
• 为打击国内的反战势力，威尔逊相继于1917年和1918年推动国会通过了反间谍法(Espionage Act)和反煽动法(Sedition A c t ) ， 以 压 制 反 英 、 亲 德 和 反 战 声 音 。 他 欢 迎 诸 如 沃 尔 特 ·李 普 曼 这 样 支 持 战 争 的 社 会 主 义 者 ， 却 无 法 容 忍 那 些 企 图 阻 碍 战争甚至刺杀政府官员的反战者。他还坚持将出生在外国的激进分子赶出美国。援引反间谍法相关条例，美国邮政系统拒 绝投递任何被视作可能是批评美国战争行为的书面材料。约60多家报纸因此被剥夺了二级邮递权。
• 威尔逊的战时政策高度地向劳工倾斜。他与龚帕斯和美国劳工联合会密切合作，同时镇压任何企图阻碍战争工作的反战团 体。在威尔逊的任期内，美国劳工联盟、铁路工人协会和其他"温和"工会的会员和这些行业工人的工资都得到了显著增长。 由于没有实施配给制，消费品价格飞涨。而因为收入税的增加，白领阶层备受打击。不过，鼓励购买战争债券的工作还是 大获成功。这些债券使得战争开销转化为20年代的繁荣。
" 一个违反这些核心权利的国家必须明白它将被直接的挑战和抵抗所制止 并被要求承担责任。很快，这将使这场争斗多少变成我们自己的事情。"
最终，伍德罗·威尔逊勉强战胜共和党候选人查尔斯·埃文斯·休斯赢得了 1916年大选。
选战的最后结果出奇地接近，甚至在选后数天内都无定论。由于担心输掉 选举而在欧战尚不确定的情况下成为跛脚鸭，威尔逊提出了一个假想方案： 倘休斯取胜，他将先任命休斯为国务卿，然后和副总统一起辞职以使其接 任总统。两党选情在数个州都十分接近。在加州大约一百万选票中威尔逊 赢了3773票，而在新罕布什尔只赢了区区54票。休斯在明尼苏达的 358000张选票中赢了393张。最后威尔逊得到了277张选举人票，而休斯 得到254张。威尔逊能赢得大选很大程度上是因为在1912年大选时投给西 奥多·罗斯福和工会领袖戴布兹(Eugene V. Debs)的票这次大多流向了他。
五四青年节优秀英语演讲稿
五四青年节优秀英语演讲稿Dear fellow students,Today marks the 102nd anniversary of the May Fourth Movement, a historic event in China’s modern history that has greatly impacted our society and rejuvenated the nation. As we celebrate this special day, I’d like to share some thoughts on the theme of youth and the future.Youth is a time of great potential and opportunities. We are at an age where we are full of energy, creativity and curiosity. It is this spirit of youth that pushes us to explore new horizons, challenge the status quo and make a difference in the world.However, with great power comes great responsibility. As young people, it is our duty to work towards a better future for ourselves and for the world. This means taking on challenges, pursuing our dreams and making positive contributions to society.One of the key attributes of successful youth is the ability to communicate effectively in the global community. In today’s world, English has become the language of international communication. Therefore, it is important for us to master English and use it as a tool to participate in the global conversation.As students, we must seize every opportunity to improve our English skills. We should actively participate in English-speaking activities such as debates, group discussions, and public speaking events. Through these activities, we can hone our language skills, build confidence, and enhance our ability to persuade and inspire others.Meanwhile, we should also broaden our horizons and learn about different cultures and perspectives. This can be achieved through studying abroad, attending international conferences and seminars, or joining exchange programs. By embracing diversity and respecting different viewpoints, we can become better global citizens who can work together to tackle common challenges.Finally, as we celebrate the May Fourth Movement, we should not forget the spirit of patriotism and social activism that it embodies. The students of the May Fourth Movement fought for their country’s independe nce, democracy, and cultural renewal. Today, we face similar challenges such as climate change, inequality, and social injustice. As youth, we must not stand idly by. We should use our voice to advocate for change and contribute to the betterment of society.In conclusion, the May Fourth Movement reminds us of the power of youth and the importance of English as a global language. As we move forward, let us embrace our youth, pursue our dreams, and work towards a better future together. Thank you.。
五四青年节英文演讲稿
五四青年节英文演讲稿五四青年节英文演讲稿1people often talked about our old subei always feeling great. subei earth, are a beautiful and magical land, our region has yanfu at the history of the chinese revolution had left a glorious chapter. army horse , the land side, once for the chinese revolution, how to pay the e_pensive price. after new china was founded, the people here with their own hands, with people subei diligence and wisdom, so that their homeland has undergone enormous changes.speaking of all this, our hearts are always filled with pride. however, we should also see that here with the motherland when compared to other developed regions have a large gap between the individual places where poverty has yet to be further management. here is the economy as a whole have to be further off. us, as subei youth, first of all should feel what? calligonum duty, duty should be felt. health is my land, take care of me are this piece of land. we loved this piece of land at the foot. we have to assume the construction of homeland, prosperous homeland responsibility.in my homeland, there is a father with my peers. he is nationally renowned for its rural technology iron man. him based on farmland, tirelessly studied the wheat, cotton, how to land on the homeland can have higher output. when his research has made the preliminary results, the cancer again and again to hit him. he did not fall, the wind is still on crutches in the rain to stay in the agrocybe visited farmers at home.tireless efforts, he produced the fine varieties have beenpromoted by the popularity of plant technology, grain output increased peasant hands welcome such agricultural members. put him as the agricultural iron man. he is our e_ample of good old youth.五四青年节英文演讲稿2Dear leaders, dear students:Hello everyone! My name is __, very honored to be in this special and profound meaning of the moment, lecture speech.In May 4th 90 years ago, more than 3000 Beijing students shouted defend our sovereignty, punish the traitor, Cancel Twenty-one, refused to sign the treaty and other slogans, opened a new chapter of the Chinese revolution. This is a far-reaching great patriotic movement, but also a profound ideological liberation movement and the new culture movement. Yes! This is the five four great patriotic movement.In this surge high and sweep forward the revolutionary youth movement, patriotic spirit, the spirit of democracy and science cohere, common to create both a profound connotation, and distinctive characteristics of the times spirit of five four. Five four spirit is the embodiment of Chinese youth, patriotic enthusiasm is a pursuit of the spirit of progress, is a kind of brave, tenacious struggle of the spirit, it is the revolutionary predecessors, left us a valuable spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation, patriotism, progress, democracy, scientific.nsibility, is the glorious tradition of Chinese youth movement since five four. We should further carry forward the glorious tradition of today, to shoulder the historical mission of contemporary youth gives us. In order to realize thecomprehensive construction well-off society, constructing the harmonious society, to build China into a prosperous, democratic, civilized socialist country, and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and work!However, Bacon once said: youth is perishable, and you spend it, time will abandon you. As the new century, the youth, is a front, we are the first to touch our heart era, affects the pulse of the nation.As the new century college students, we should establish lofty ideals.People can enjoy a life of youth, when a person put their own lives and the people closely linked to the cause when he was young, he created the eternal youth. We must study hard, determined to become. In twenty-first Century, the e_change of information is more and more widely, the renewal of knowledge greatly speed up. The situation is getting better and better self-improvement, inspiring. We should keep up with the pace of the times, to better contribute to the modernization drive must learn and learn again, and lay a solid foundation of knowledge. We should be good at creating, in learning to be good at innovation, good at practice, be good at the learned knowledge to improve self, self, continuous development.We should pay attention to moral temper. Good moral character is essential to human life. To promote integrity in the whole society, is fastidious about the civilization today, has become the young students intellectuals should establish correct world outlook, outlook on life, values, establish a correct outlook on fame, and strive to cultivate good character, improve thecomprehensive quality, perfect personality, good for the country and the people.The rich, strong and prosperous country, people need to consolidate and develop the rich Ankang, the socialist system of several generations, a dozen or even dozens of generations efforts. Hard to temper, to create entrepreneurial people. We of the younger generation, only to practice thrift, work hard and perseveringly, to conform to the trend of the times, can truly achieve their personal future and destiny of the country, a nations future and destiny closely together. Closely with the combination, the sacrifice of youth to the motherland, which is the most contemporary youth loud slogans, I sincerely hope, this is not just a slogan, the young generation is our flag!Here I represent all the students to the school, to teacher guarantee: in the future study, work and life, we must bear in mind the lessons of history, not forget the mission, vigorously carry forward the spirit five four, carry forward the patriotic enthusiasm, to foster lofty ideals, patriotism into the country, constantly pursuing perfection of knowledge updating and quality five four, to the spirit of the red-banner pacesetter, for the countrys thriving and prosperous to contribute their strength!Thank you.五四青年节英文演讲稿3Friends, let us go back to the early part of this century: such a long night county day, finally, from the university campus, raised a surface shine old Chinese flag -- New Youth, science, democracy, the Communist group...... But dozens of years, turnedupside down, the Chinese people stood up and the reform and opening up thousands of years of changes. The teacher friends, coming into the new century, similarly, in the university campus, our life will be how the flags flying!University campus as if the market economy tide the island, however, the young teachers are in the throbbing heart, all have such as depression and an_iety. Yes, but the high degree of income inequality, far from the newspaper claims that the Guangzhou city middle income. Is said to himself, Johnnie in the middle of the salon a hair perm, to 800 yuan. Who wants to go to a bold, will be on half a month dont eat not to drink to save money. Yes, there are people indulging in idle away in seeking pleasure; I this lifetime all dont make Audi , BMW and garden.. January January, year after year, only stared at it a access hotel called the upper classes, issued a good for nothing is a scholar, a deep sigh. However, I believe, every teacher friend, as where there is a will, in the water of a lost soul in life, the clouds from time to time the lightning flashes: how life is valuable, how does life have the lofty significance?!Only for high thousands of yuan of salary? No. Although we are looking forward to it. Only carry out in the light of BMW life? No. Although we are hoping for it.Then, the value and significance of where on earth?Lets to the beginning of this century peers to consult! Zhongshan University, read a great man that echoed a hundred years to revitalize the Chinese nation the call. Peking University, Cai Yuanpei has never seen in past history absorb anything and everything, the new culture of heaven and earth.Chen Du_iu advocated science and democracy, Lu _un publicly Diary of a madman, Li Dazhao spread of the Mar_ doctrine, thousands of teachers and students together against imperialism...... A generation of university teachers, Chiaki valiant record!Back on their own, as the new century university teacher, than five four sages model. Yes, we often say, want to have the lofty ideal, noble pursuit, use the limited life to infinite meaning, Chinese service to humanity -- this is all thought, trouble solving!Low income? Our mental labor is proliferation of thousands on thousands of people material and spiritual wealth. In poor condition? We are full of knowledge treasure brain is to design new life blueprint for thousands of people. With bright windows and clean tables in our classroom, Bill Gate is hard to learn chinese. In our work of stacked desk, force of market economy is on the move. In our figure blocks at the entrance of the campus, is a group of the world trade market a million bold warriors. The downtown bustling, scene of debauchery, silhouetted against the burning the midnight oil, climbing the peak of science and culture. We will continue to create life, in the generations of students. Our spiritual wealth, advantage is different from material is like a cornucopia, or computer software, can have another book writing, educate the Quartet fame, and ine_haustible,ine_haustible.Let us look forward to this picture! In the new century university campus, as if those fellows who in the early twentieth Century, the active one after another, educators, scientists,thinkers, surpassing the world with lofty ideals and high aspirations, Jiangshan guidance, encouraging words; for truly great men, see scholar.Friends, let us raise the new century five four banner!五四青年节英文演讲稿4Some people say that youth are a song, echoed the cheerful, beautiful melody; some people say that youth is a draw, engraved with the rich, romantic colors. 80 years ago, in order to e_pel darkness for light, for an independent homeland and the rich and powerful, a group of high-spirited youth with blood and lives to write the song the most magnificent song of youth, drawn on a most magnificent picture of the youth.Today, 54 sports as a glorious page has been included in the annals of the Chinese nation. However, 54 is much more than just a historical case, it is a spirit, to show young people of our nation fiery love for the future and destiny of the country concerned about the performance of duty and mission of young people.Today, we had the honor of this generation of young people living in the reform and opening up a good time, had the honor of standing at the meeting point of century and millennium on. We are fortunate. Facing the new century, our responsibility. Recalling our carry forward the 54 the spirit of thinking seriously, and they should have a kind of youth, what kind of life. Recall that the initial start knows 54 is a history lesson from the primary and secondary schools began. At that time, the teacher talked about 54 e_ercise, to us, on the imperialist powers of the various Chinese bullying on young people gave theirlives for the motherland at various feat. at that time, although we still can not fully understand one of the profound truth, but like a ray of hope to illuminate the wilderness of ignorance, our young minds have sown the seeds of patriotism. Gradually, we grew up, we become their prime of youth, and we more deeply understand the traditions and spirit of 54. Think of us once and almost 54 young people it big! They already provide us with the tender shoulders of a salvation from the task, and today the important task of the construction of the motherland will have no choice but to fall on our shoulders of the people of this generation, we should be even more prosperous homeland and dedication of us all? Ah yes, we do not small, we should not stop at forever parent generous shelter sheltered under the wings. May 4 this year, we will take part in the swearing-in ceremony for adults. That means we will have the same father who together put up a blue sky. Elders often say that we are people of this generation tank foam honey baby, with less sense of urgency, and less sense of responsibility. Indeed, compared with them, our lives more comfortable, more comfortable. But this does not mean that we can rela_ his efforts to reduce the duty on the shoulders. People often talked about our old subsea always feeling great. Subsea earth, are a beautiful and magical land, our region has manful at the history of the Chinese revolution had left a glorious chapter. army horse倥偬era, the land side, once for the Chinese revolution, how to pay the e_pensive price. After new china was founded, the people here with their own hands, with people subsea diligence and wisdom, so that their homeland has undergone enormous changes. Speaking of all this, our hearts arealways filled with pride. However, we should also see that here with the motherland when compared to other developed regions has a large gap between the individual places where poverty has yet to be further management. Here is the economy as a whole have to be further off. Us, as subsea youth, first of all should feel what? Californium duty, duty should be felt. Health is my land, take care of me are this piece of land. we loved this piece of land at the foot. We have to assume the construction of homeland, prosperous homeland responsibility.In my homeland, there is a father with my peers. He is nationally renowned for its rural technology iron man. Him based on farmland, tirelessly studied the wheat, cotton, how to land on the homeland can have higher output. When his research has made the preliminary results, the cancer again and again to hit him. He did not fall; the wind is still on crutches in the rain to stay in the aerodyne visited farmers at home. Tireless efforts, he produced the fine varieties have been promoted by the popularity of plant technology, grain output increased peasant hands welcome such agricultural members. Put him as the agricultural iron man. he is our e_ample of good old youth. Last year, his swearing-in ceremony of young adults in our city on earnestly warned us, for the old economy to take off, it is necessary to study hard and master the scientific and cultural knowledge, based on their own, holding a heart, the non-semi-root grass go! We remember the iron man, we be aware of her own duty, our manful old youth who will try our best.Yes, our duty on the shoulders of every youth, if we look to the new century, the entire nation, and the construction ofhomeland, we will not shrink.Lid dacha had at their youth, one paper wrote: burst the shackles of history, wash away the history of toilette’s plot, the new national life, to restore the nations crisis. although we have today without the face of lost territory, subject to war without smoke, but the task before us arduous same. We should strive to become luau described as the creation of human history there has never been on the third generation. “dared not country the world as, youth blood _ian homeland, tenacious efforts and selfless dedication for the prosperity of the motherland and contribute their wisdom and strength of all. Today, we are filled with people of talent, and tomorrow are the pillars of society, it is necessary to set off waves of Chinese take-off.五四青年节英文演讲稿5 Distinguished leaders, young friends:Hello, everyone! My name is up rung, I have to speak on the theme youth dance.The healthy growth of young people between the well-being of millions of households and the countrys future development to achieve the education goal of modernization of the proposed for educators pointed out the direction, the young workers in the first assault team should of course, adhere to people-oriented theory. Ministry of education, focus attention on infrastructure, regulate all kinds of work systems of the time, we should increase the team of cadres of management and service efforts. in order to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the team of cadres, but also developed a complete system for quantification of grassroots work, establish and perfect areasonable an effective incentive mechanism; in order to improve our overall quality of cadres and skills, the team held a contest to run computer applications, English spoken training courses, and organizing people to learn from advanced areas to broaden their horizons in order to understand the team of cadres working conditions in schools, the ministry of education has traveled a number of primary and secondary schools to conduct research, listen to the views of the school party and government leaders to make school leadership cadres receive attention and guidance of the ministry of education to carry out a variety of practical activities to actively lead the majority of young teachers work hard to become qualified personnel and for them to put up the cast talent stage, a single sail swaying, after numerous twists and turns arrived in port, if there is wind, a hand, and naturally smooth arrival and guide students to strive to e_cel, need to ashen wind - teacher. Teachers should be ideological and moral education, culture education and the needs of students organically combining various activities for the students or students to carry out their own. For e_ample: school quiz competitions, essay contests, key banjo performances and other activities to enable students to give full play to their talents. Teachers rush toil, in order to that will enable students to continue to draw nutrients, to help them grow up healthily and become pillars of the country before.For all students in general education, the government departments have also not forget those who cared about the difficulties of single-parent children, they may have a normal child life unimaginable burden and psychological stress.ministry of education has a strong seed spread in national blossom everywhere, pouring a lot to overcome difficulties and to e_ert themselves in a typical, these seeds do not make the child a strong anti-up, is even more so the parents get stronger, and with the sincere to pay for the children in e_change for a happy to help each child out of the shadows, healthy growth.In the majority of the young communist league students, but few people know the words meaning. In the red of the season, we have ushered in one another 54, which provides an opportunity for generations of young people to whom the surging blood the festival, followed by May 5th is our young people have engraved in our minds every day. may 5, 1922, the communist youth league held its first national congress, which is also a sign forever keep company with young people, always put the motherland the fate and self-development closely linked to Chinese youth organization of the proletariat, was established. History will forever remember this day - May 4, 1999, chinas youth will be patriotic was shocked to write in their own big flag. they spared no efforts in the spirit of death have awakened the slumbering nation, but also kindled hope of the nation with the blood and heroic sons and daughters of the youth compose a song of eternal song of youth, loud and enlightening group song sung so far.54 movement brought me strong, it shook me. and sometimes I ask themselves 54 what is it in the end the spirit of what it means today, how many times I have to e_plore the, recalling the heroic history of pottery in the taste of it filled with suffering and tears, listening to the call of the bleak. Shoaling those past events, such as the twenty-first century chest, I havea taste of that majestic momentum.I have asked myself countless times, todays so-called fourth spirit or eighty years ago the 54 spirit do today, 54 or a spirit of the motherland, the people unlimited sincerity, our community and studying history for their devotion, the spirit of do change it will change over time do whatever the outcome, we, as the twenty-first century, young people, in this decade, the looking into the new century, we remember the suffering of the last century the Chinese nation and the revolution difficult, we should cherish todays harvest, so-called a sub - hard, no gain. our twenty-first century, young people, but also should be a high sense of mission, responsibility, a sense of ecstasy, and the sincere work of flu, 54 inheritance of traditional spirit of the 54 sporting spirit to flourish, for the motherlands socialist presented a contribution to the building. Let us burn with passion for the years up to youth dance bar!Thank you!。
League of Nations
League of Nationsformer international organization, established by the peace treaties that ended World War I. Like its successor, the United Nations , its purpose was the promotion of international peace and security. The League was a product of World War I in the sense that that conflict convinced most persons of the necessity of averting another such cataclysm. But its background lay in the visions of men like the duc de Sully and Immanuel Kant and in the later growth of formal international organizations like the International Telegraphic Union (1865) and the Universal Postal Union (1874). The Red Cross, the Hague Conferences, and the Permanent Court of Arbitration (Hague Tribunal) were also important stepping-stones toward international cooperation.At the close of World War I, such prominent figures as Jan Smuts, Lord Robert Cecil, and Léon Bourgeois advocated a society of nations. U.S. President Woodrow Wilson incorporated the proposal into the Fourteen Points and was the chief figure in the establishment of the League at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The basis of the League was the Covenant, which was included in the Treaty of Versailles and the other peace treaties.The Covenant consisted of 26 articles. Articles 1 through 7 concerned organization, providing for an assembly, composed of all member nations; a council, composed of the great powers (originally Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan, later also Germany and the USSR) and of four other, nonpermanent members; and a secretariat. Both the assembly and the council were empowered to discuss “any m atter within the sphere of action of the League or affecting the peace of the world.” In both the assembly and the council unanimous decisions were required.Articles 8 and 9 recognized the need for disarmament and set up military commissions. Article 10 was an attempt to guarantee the territorial integrity and political independence of member states against aggression. Articles 11 through 17 provided for the establishment of the Permanent Court of International Justice (see World Court ), for arbitration and conciliation, and for sanctions against aggressors. The rest of the articles dealt with treaties, colonial mandates, international cooperation in humanitarian enterprises, and amendments to the Covenant.The original membership of the League included the victorious Allies of World War I (with the exception of the United States, whose Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles) and most of the neutral nations. Among later admissions to membership were Bulgaria (1920), Austria (1920), Hungary (1922), Germany (1926), Mexico (1931), Turkey (1932), and the USSR (1934). Through the efforts of Sir Eric Drummond, the first secretary-general of the League, a truly international secretariat was created. Geneva, Switzerland, was chosen as the League headquarters.The League quickly proved its value by settling the Swedish-Finnish dispute overthe Åland Islands (1920-21), guaranteeing the security of Albania (1921), rescuing Austria from economic disaster, settling the division of Upper Silesia (1922), and preventing the outbreak of war in the Balkans between Greece and Bulgaria (1925). In addition, the League extended considerable aid to refugees; it helped to suppress white slave and opium traffic; it did pioneering work in surveys of health; it extended financial aid to needy states; and it furthered international cooperation in labor relations and many other fields.The problem of bringing its political influence to bear, especially on the great powers, soon made itself felt. Poland refused to abide by the League decision in the Vilnius dispute, and the League was forced to stand by powerlessly in the face of the French occupation of the Ruhr (1923) and Italy's occupation of Kérkira (1923). Failure to take action over the Japanese invasion of Manchuria (1931) was a blow to the League's prestige, especially when followed by Japan's withdrawal from the League (1933). Another serious failure was the inability of the League to stop the Chaco War (1932-35; see under Gran Chaco ) between Bolivia and Paraguay.In 1935 the League completed its successful 15-year administration of the Saar territory (see Saarland ) by conducting a plebiscite under the supervision of an international military force. But even this success was not sufficient to offset the failure of the Disarmament Conference, Germany's withdrawal from the League (1933), and Italy's successful attack on Ethiopia in defiance of the League's economic sanctions (1935). In 1936, Adolf Hitler remilitarized the Rhineland and denounced the Treaty of Versailles; in 1938 he seized Austria.Faced by threats to international peace from all sidesthe Spanish civil war, Japan's resumption of war against China (1937), and finally the appeasement of Hitler at Munich (1938)the League collapsed. German claims on Danzig (see Gdask ), where the League commissioner had been reduced to impotence, led to the outbreak of World War II. The last important act of the League came in Dec., 1939, when it expelled the USSR for its attack on Finland.In 1940 the League secretariat in Geneva was reduced to a skeleton staff; some of the technical services were removed to the United States and Canada. The allied International Labor Organization continued to function and eventually became affiliated with the United Nations. In 1946 the League dissolved itself, and its services and real estate (notably the Palais des Nations in Geneva) were transferred to the United Nations. The League's chief success lay in providing the first pattern of permanent international organization, a pattern on which much of the United Nations was modeled. Its failures were due as much to the indifference of the great powers, which preferred to reserve important matters for their own decisions, as to weaknesses of organization.See F. P. Walters, A History of the League of Nations (2 vol., 1952; repr. 1960); W. Schiffer, Legal Community of Mankind (1954, repr. 1972); G. Scott, The Rise and Fall of the League of Nations (1974); F. S. Northedge, The League of Nations (1986);H. F. Margulies, The Mild Reservationists and the League of Nations (1989).国际联盟前国际组织，成立由和平条约，结束了第一次世界大战像它的继任者，联合国，其目的是促进国际和平与安全。
【名人演讲】托马斯·伍德罗·威尔逊：一种新的眼光
【名人演讲】托马斯·伍德罗·威尔逊：一种新的眼光一种新的眼光——第一次就职演讲（美国）托马斯·伍德罗·威尔逊1913年3月4日政府发生了变化。
这种变化开始于两年前民主党在众议院取得决定性多数席位的时候，现在已告完成。
即将组成的参议院也将由民主党占据多数席位。
总统和副总统的职务都已交与民主党人执掌。
这种变化意味着什么呢？这是如今盘旋于我们脑海中的最主要的问题。
这也是今天我要试图回答的问题，如果可以的话，我要阐明其中的缘由。
这种变化何止意味着一个政党的胜利。
一个政党的胜利是不足称道的，除非国家要利用这个政党达到一个重大而明确的目标，谁都不会误解国家现在想利用民主党所要达到的目的。
它要利用民主党来阐明国家的规划和立场中的某种变化。
某些陈旧的事物虽已为我们所熟悉，并已开始不知不觉地进入我们的思想习惯和生活习惯，但是，当我们后来以新的、觉醒的眼光批判地看待这些事物时，它们却面目全非，卸下了伪装，显得陌生而又邪恶。
而某些新生事物，当我们实事求是地看待并愿意了解它们的实质时，便开始呈现出我们久已相信和熟悉的事物特征，即我们自己坚信不移的那些东西。
我们以一种新的眼光来洞察自己的生活，从而我们的精神也为之一振。
从许多方面来看，生活是非常伟大的。
它在物质方面，在财富数量方面，在能量的多样性和威力方面，在以个人天赋和群体的无限创造力所构想、建立起来的工业方面，都是无比伟大的，它在道德力量方面是伟大的，而且同样是极其伟大的。
世界上再没有什么地方有这样高尚的男女能如此出色地表现出同情、互助、协商的美妙境界和巨大能量。
他们努力补偏救弊、弥患纾难，扶助弱者以增加力量和希望。
不仅如此，我们还建立起了一个伟大的政治体制，这个政治体制在很长一段时期中经受了考验，在很多方面成为那些试图把自由建立在经得起偶然变故、狂风暴雨和意外事件的基础上的人们的楷模。
我们的生活拥有一切伟大事物，丰富而充足。
但是，罪恶与善良俱来，纯金常被腐蚀。
罗斯福四项自由英语演讲稿
罗斯福四项自由英语演讲稿Ladies and gentlemen,I am honored to speak to you today about a topic very dear to me –the four freedoms that are essential to a free and democratic society. These freedoms, which were articulated by the late President Franklin D. Roosevelt in his famous speech on January 6, 1941, have served as an inspiration to generations of Americans and people all over the world. Today, I would like to share with you my thoughts on each of these four freedoms.First and foremost, there is freedom of speech. This freedom is vital to the functioning of a democratic society. When individuals are free to speak their minds, they can hold those in power accountable and bring about change. But freedom of speech is not just about criticizing those in power. It is also about allowing different voices to be heard, even if they are unpopular or controversial. We must always remember that our freedom to speak does not give us the right to harm others, and we must respect the rights and dignity of others even as we express our own views.Secondly, there is freedom of worship. This freedom ensures that all individuals are able to worship as they see fit, without fear of persecution or discrimination. It is a fundamental human right that must be protected. In a diverse society such as ours, it is important that we respect the religious beliefs of others, and that we remain committed to the idea that all individuals have the right to practice their faith without interference from the state.Thirdly, there is freedom from want. This freedom recognizes that all individuals should have access to the basic necessities of life –food, shelter, healthcare, and education. It is not enough to simply protect individuals from harm; we must also work to create a society that provides opportunities for all. This means creating policies and systems that address poverty, inequality, and social exclusion. Only then can we truly say that we are a society that values freedom and social justice.Finally, there is freedom from fear. This freedom recognizes that all individuals have the right to live without fear of violence, persecution or oppression. It requires that we work to promote peace and security, both at home and abroad. It means fighting against racism, sexism, homophobia, and other forms of discrimination. We must also work to ensure that our legal systems are fair and just, and that they protect the rights of all individuals, regardless of their race, gender, or socio-economic status.In conclusion, the four freedoms articulated by President Roosevelt remind us that our freedom is not just about individual rights, but also about the collective responsibilities that we share as citizens of a free and democratic society. We must work to build a society that values these freedoms and that seeks to protect them for all individuals, regardless of their race, gender, or socio-economic status. Only then can we truly say that we are a country that values freedom, justice, and equality for all. Thank you.。
英语演讲原文：The Fourteen Points Speech by Woodrow Wilson
The Fourteen Points Speech byWoodrow WilsonOnce more, as repeatedly before, the spokesmen of the Central Empires have indicated their desire to discuss the objects of the war and the possible basis of a general peace. Parleys 1 have been in progress at Brest-Litovsk between Russian representatives and representatives of the Central Powers to which the attention of all the belligerents 2 has been invited for the purpose of ascertaining 3 whether it may be possible to extend these parleys into a general conference with regard to terms of peace and settlement. The Russian representatives presented not only a perfectly 4 definite statement of the principles upon which they would be willing to conclude peace, but also an equally definite program of the concrete application of those principles. The representatives of the Central Powers, on their part, presented an outline of settlement which, if much less definite, seemed susceptible 5 of liberal interpretation 6 until their specific program of practical terms was added. That program proposed no concessions 7 at all, either to the sovereignty of Russia or to the preferences of the populations with whose fortunes it dealt, but meant, in a word, that the Central Empires were to keep every foot of territory their armed forces had occupied--every province, every city, everypoint of vantage as a permanent addition to their territories and their power. It is a reasonable conjecture 8 that the general principles of settlement which they at first suggested originated with the more liberal statesmen of Germany and Austria, the men who have begun to feel the force of their own peoples' thought and purpose, while the concrete terms of actual settlement came from the military leaders who have no thought but to keep what they have got. The negotiations 9 have been broken off. The Russian representatives were sincere and in earnest. They cannot entertain such proposals of conquest and domination. The whole incident is full of significance. It is also full of perplexity. With whom are the Russian representatives dealing 10 ? For whom are the representatives of the Central Empires speaking? Are they speaking for the majorities of their respective parliaments or for the minority parties, that military and imperialistic 11 minority which has so far dominated their whole policy and controlled the affairs of Turkey and of the Balkan States which have felt obliged to become their associates in this war? The Russian representatives have insisted, very justly, very wisely, and in the true spirit of modern democracy, that the conferences they have been holding with the Teutonic and Turkish statesmen should be held within open, not closed, doors, and all the world lies been audience, as was desired.To whom have we been listening, then? To those who speakthe spirit and intention of the resolutions of the German Reichstag of the 9th of July last, the spirit and intention of the liberal leaders and parties of Germany, or to those who resist and defy that spirit and intention and insist upon conquest and subjugation 12 ? Or are we listening, in fact, to both, un-reconciled and in open and hopeless contradiction? These are very serious and pregnant questions. Upon the answer to them depends the peace of the world. But whatever the results of the parleys at Brest-Litovsk, whatever the confusions of counsel and of purpose in the utterances 13 of the spokesmen of the Central Empires, they have again attempted to acquaint the world with their objects in the war and have again challenged their adversaries 14 to say what their objects are and what sort of settlement they would deem just and satisfactory. There is no good reason why that challenge should not be responded to, and responded to with the utmost candor 15 . We did not wait for it. Not once, but again and again we have laid our whole thought and purpose before the world, not in general terms only, but each time with sufficient definition to make it clear what sort of definite terms of settlement must necessarily spring out of them. Within the last week Mr. Lloyd George has spoken with admirable candor and in admirable spirit for the people and Government of Great Britain. There is no confusion of counsel among the adversaries of the Central Powers, no uncertainty16 of principle, no vagueness of detail. The only secrecy 17 of counsel, the only lack of fearless frankness, the only failure to make definite statement of the objects of the war, lies with Germany and her allies. The issues of life and death hang upon these definitions. No statesman who has the least conception of his responsibility ought for a moment to permit himself to continue this tragic 18 and appalling 19 outpouring of blood and treasure unless he is sure beyond a peradventure that the objects of the vital sacrifice are part and parcel of the very life of society and that the people for whom he speaks think them right and imperative 20 as he does. There is, moreover, a voice calling for these definitions of principle and of purpose which is, it seems to me, more thrilling and more compelling than any of the many moving voices with which the troubled air of the world is filled. It is the voice of the Russian people. They are prostrate 21 and all but helpless, it would seem, before the grim power of Germany, which has hitherto known no relenting and no pity. Their power, apparently 22 , is shattered. And yet their soul is not subservient 23 . They will not yield either in principle or in action. Their conception of what is right, of what is humane 24 and honourable 25 for them to accept, has been stated with a frankness, a largeness of view, a generosity 26 of spirit, and a universal human sympathy which must challenge the admiration 27 of every friend ofmankind; and they have refused to compound their ideals or desert others that they themselves may be safe. They call to us to say what it is that we desire, in what, if in anything, our purpose and our spirit differ from theirs; and I believe that the people of the United States would wish me to respond, with utter simplicity 28 and frankness. Whether their present leaders believe it or not, it is our heartfelt desire and hope that some way may be opened whereby we may be privileged to assist the people of Russia to attain 29 their utmost hope of liberty and ordered peace. It will be our wish and purpose that the processes of peace, when they are begun, shall be absolutely open and that they shall involve and permit henceforth no secret understandings of any kind. The day of conquest and aggrandizement 30 is gone by; so is also the day of secret covenants 32 entered into in the interest of particular governments and likely at some unlooked-for moment to upset the peace of the world. It is this happy fact, now clear to the view of every public man whose thoughts do not still linger in an age that is dead and gone, which makes it possible for every nation whose purposes are consistent with justice and the peace of the world to avow 33 now or at any other time the objects it has in view. We entered this war because violations 34 of right had occurred which touched us to the quick and made the life of our own people impossible unless they were correctedand the world secured once for all against their recurrence 35 . What we demand in this war, therefore, is nothing peculiar 36 to ourselves. It is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world, as against force and selfish aggression 37 . All the peoples of the world are in effect partners in this interest, and for our own part we see very clearly that unless justice be done to others it will not be done to us. The program of the world's peace, therefore, is our program; and that program, the only possible program, all we see it, is this :1. Open covenants of peace must be arrived at, after which there will surely be no private international action or rulings of any kind, but diplomacy 38 shall proceed always frankly 39 and in the public view.2. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial 40 waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.3. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriersand the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance.4. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest points consistent with domestic safety.5. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial 41 adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the population concerned must have equal weight with the equitable 42 claims of the government whose title is to be determined 43 .6. The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development and national policy, and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sisternations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished 44 from their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy.7. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated 45 and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of international law is forever impaired 46 .8. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all.9. A re-adjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.10. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity of autonomous 47 development.11. Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into.12. The Turkish portions of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently 48 opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees.13. An independent Polish state should be erected 49 which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polishpopulations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant 31 .14. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual 50 guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.In regard to these essential rectifications of wrong and assertions of right, we feel ourselves to be intimate partners of all the governments and peoples associated together against the imperialists. We cannot be separated in interest or divided in purpose. We stand together until the end. For such arrangements and covenants we are willing to fight and to continue to fight until they are achieved; but only because we wish the right to prevail and desire a just and stable peace such as can be secured only by removing the chief provocations 51 to war, which this program does remove. We have no jealousy 52 of German greatness, and there is nothing in this program that impairs 53 it. We grudge 54 her no achievement or distinction of learning or of pacific enterprise such as have made her record very bright and very enviable. We do not wish to injure her or to block in any wayher legitimate 55 influence or power. We do not wish to fight her either with arms or with hostile arrangements of trade, if she is willing to associate herself with us and the other peace-loving nations of the world in covenants of justice and law and fair dealing. We wish her only to accept a place of equality among the peoples of the world--the new world in which we now live--instead of a place of mastery. Neither do we presume to suggest to her any alteration 56 or modification 57 of her institutions. But it is necessary, we must frankly say, and necessary as a preliminary to any intelligent dealings with her on our part, that we should know whom her spokesmen speak for when they speak to us, whether for the Reichstag majority or for the military party and the men whose creed 58 is imperial domination. We have spoken now, surely, in terms too concrete to admit of any further doubt or question. An evident principle runs through the whole program I have outlined. It is the principle of justice to all peoples and nationalities, and their right to live on equal terms of liberty and safety with one another, whether they be strong or weak. Unless this principle be made its foundation, no part of the structure of international justice can stand. The people of the United States could act upon no other principle, and to the vindication 59 of this principle they are ready to devote their lives, their honour, and everything that they possess. The moral climax 60 ofthis, the culminating and final war for human liberty has come, and they are ready to put their own strength, their own highest purpose, their own integrity and devotion to the test.■文章重点单词注释：1parleysn.和谈，谈判( parley的名词复数 )参考例句：The next two days were spent in fruitless parleys. 其后两日是消磨于毫无结果的谈判中。
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英语演讲稿
The Fourteen Points by 伍德罗.威尔逊
it will be our wish and purpose that the processes of peace, when they are begun, shall be absolutely open and that they shall involve and permit henceforth no secret understandings of any kind. the day of conquest and aggrandizement is gone by; so is al so the day of secret covenants entered into in the interest of particular governments and likely at some unlooked-for moment to upset the peace of the world. it is this happy fact, now clear to the view of every public man whose thoughts do not still linger in an age that is dead and gone, which makes it possible for every nation whose purposes are consistent with justice and the peace of the world to avow nor or at any other time the objects it has in view.
we entered this war because violations of right had occurred which touched us to the quick and made the life of our own people impossible unless they were corrected and the world secure once for all against their recurrence. what we
demand in this war, therefore, is nothing peculiar to ourselves. it is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression. all the peoples of the world are in effect partners in this interest, and for our own part we see very clearly that unless justice be done to others it will not be done to us. the program of the world’s peace, therefore, is our program; and that program, the only possible program, as we see it, is this:。