2020年北京市高考英语零模试卷
2020年北京市高考英语零模试卷第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空．1.AMrs． Bailey was important in the educational journey that carried me through school and into my profession． Until I joined her class，I hadn’t believed in my ability as awriter． She （1）________（persuade） me to join the poetry society and lit in me a fire for literature． She recognised （2）________（I） potential and showed me that I could write with creativity and enthusiasm． Because of the confidence she inspired in me，I’ve carved out a （3）________（success） profession as a journalist．BSome university students carried out a campaign （4）________they celebrated their whole day without cell phones． This move was to improve their relationships with their near and dear ones and to keep them away from the virtual （虚拟的） life．（5）________（study）indicate that a majority of young people used their phones during lessons， over family meals or even at the cinema． The problem of phone addiction （成瘾） has been observed since a few years ago， with experts and psychologists （6）________（try） to increase awareness about this problem．CThe tiger shark （7）________ （consider） to be one of the most dangerous sharks in the world． Why are tiger sharks so dangerous？ First， they like to live （8）________waters where humans usually swim， so the chances of an encounter （遭遇） are much greater． Second， tiger sharks are so strong and aggressive that they can （9）________（easy） hit a person． And third， tiger sharks have teeth perfectly （10）________（design） for cutting their food， so it is certain that the damage will be disastrous．【答案】persuaded,my,successful,where,Studies,trying,is considered,in,easily,designed【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】A贝利夫人在我的教育生涯中起着重要的作用，她带领我完成学业，让我成为一个成功的记者职业．B一些大学生开展了一项活动，他们在没有手机的情况下度过一整天．这项活动的目的是改善与亲朋好友的关系，让他们远离虚拟的生活．C虎鲨被认为是世界上最危险的鲨鱼之一．为什么虎鲨这么危险？首先，它们喜欢生活在人类通常游泳的水域里．其次，虎鲨是如此强壮和好斗．第三，虎鲨的牙齿设计完美，可以用来切割它们的食物．【解答】（1）persuaded．考查谓语动词．根据上下文可知本句用一般过去时态，所以谓语动词用过去式persuaded．（2）my．考查代词．修饰名词potential ，表示“我的”，用形容词性物主代词my．（3）successful．考查派生词．修饰名词 profession ，用形容词successful．（4）where．考查定语从句．修饰先行词 a campaign ，做定语从句they celebratedtheir whole day without cell phones的地点状语，关系词用where．（5）Studies．考查名词．分析句子可知study做主语，和谓语动词 indicate一致，名词用复数Studies．（6）trying．考查非谓语动词．在with 的复合结构里，名词experts and psychologists和动词try构成主动关系，用现在分词trying．（7）is considered．考查谓语动词．根据后文可知本句用一般现在时态，因为谓语动词consider和主语 The tiger shark 是被动关系，所以谓语动词用is considered．（8）in．考查介词．修饰名词waters ，表示“在…里”，用介词in．（9）easily．考查副词．修饰动词 hit 用副词easily．（10）designed．考查非谓语动词．做have teeth 的宾补，表示“被设计”，用过去分词designed．第二节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．Afel was only a very small boy when he first saw snow in a picture book． It had lots of pictures of children （1）_______in big white fields． He asked, “Mum, what are those white fields? ” His mother laughed,“That’s snow, and they are making a snowman!” She tried to （2）_______what snow was．Afel didn’t really （3）_______ because there was no real snow where he lived． But he showed great（4）_______．One day when he was 12, Afel was watching a programme on TV at his uncle’shouse． The programme was full of snow． And not only snow﹣there were people （5）_______ across the snow． They looked like fantastic birds． They had hats covering alltheir heads and big goggles over their eyes． And on their feet, they had （6）_______ shoes．“What are tho se? ” he asked his uncle （7）_______．“Skis,” replied his uncle．“And those people are called skiers．” At that moment, he（8）_______ to be a skier． He asked his uncle what the programme was．“The Winter Olympics,” said his uncle．"It’slike the normal Olympics, but for （9）_______ where you need snow﹣skijumping, bobsleigh （长橇）, those sorts of things． They （10）_______ it every four years．"Afel found out that the next Winter Olympics would be in Beijing, in 2022．“Perfect,” he thought． "Enough （11）_______for me to become a brilliant skier．"“But there’s no snow here!” people told him．“Where are you going to ski?” Afel （12）_______ them． He made himself a pair of skis from two pieces of wood． He tied them to his feet and practised skiing （13）_______ two sticks in his hands． He practised again and again until he could （14）_______ quite quickly across the sand． He （15）_______ tofly down the hills like the people on TV, but he couldn’t．“Never mind,” he thought．"It’s a （16）_______ …"“Ho w will you go to the Olympics? ” people asked him．"Our country doesn’t （17）_______ have a team that goes to the Winter Olympics． We have good runners and winlots of medals at the Olympics． But no skiing, no．"Afel didn’t （18）_______．So every night, out in the middle of the desert, Afel now practises skiing down sand hills． He （19）_______ that the yellow sand and brown earth are as gold as the medal he will bring home with him, when he is the （20）_______．（1）A.drawingB.playingC.dancingD.hiking（2）A.announceB.stressC.concludeD.explain（3）A.mindB.respondC.understandD.regret（4）A.interestB.concernC.patienceD.confidence（5）A.walkingB.ridingC.runningD.flying（6）A.strongB.strangeC.fashionablefortable（7）A.politelyB.hopefullyC.excitedlyD.nervously（8）A.promisedB.claimedC.agreedD.decided（9）A.projectsB.fieldsC.sportsD.courses（10）A.gainB.haveC.acceptD.mark（11）A.timeB.energyC.experienceD.determination（12）A.avoidedB.ignoredC.correctedD.criticized（13）A.pushingB.pullingC.holdingD.waving（14）A.rollB.marchC.jumpD.move（15）A.neededB.preparedC.pretendedD.attempted（16）A.startB.chanceC.solutionD.strategy（17）A.evenB.oftenC.shortlyD.finally（18）A.refuseB.inquireC.careplain（19）A.dreamsB.predictsC.assumesD.realizes（20）A.authorityB.championC.geniusD.celebrity【答案】BDCADBCDCBABCDDAACAB【考点】人物故事【解析】文体为记叙文．讲述的是一个名叫 Afel 的小男孩生活在见不到真正的雪的地方，但却下决心要成为一名出色的滑雪运动员并希望通过自己的努力能获得奥运金牌的故事．【解答】（1） B．考查动词及语境理解．根据后文中“That’s snow， and they are making a snowman! ”，可知图片里的孩子们在雪地中玩耍（playing）．其余选项含义为：drawing （画画），dancing（跳舞），hiking（远足）．故答案为B．（2） D．考查动词及语境理解．根据上一句“Mum， what are those white fields？”，可知 Afel是在问问题，而妈妈是在为他进行解释（explain）．其余选项含义为：announce （宣布），stress（强调），conclude（总结）；故答案为D．（3）C．考查动词及语境理解．根据本句“because there was no real snow where helived”，可知 Afel 因为没有见过真正的雪，所以并不懂得（understand）妈妈的解释．其余选项含义为：mind（介意、照料），respond（回应），regret（后悔）；故答案为C．（4）A．考查名词及语境理解．根据前文 Afel 在不断地问妈妈关于雪的问题，可知他对雪产生了极大的兴趣（interest）．其余选项含义为：concern（关心），patience（耐心），confidence（自信）；故答案为A．（5）D．考查动词及语境理解．根据后一句“They looked like fantastic birds”，可知人们在雪上飞奔（flying），同时，依据后文"He ______ （25）to fly down the hills like the people on TV，but he couldn’t．"这句话中出现了 fly，原词复现．其余选项含义为：walking（走路），riding（骑行），running（跑步），故答案为D．（6）B．考查形容词及语境理解．根据上文，Afel 从未见过雪，可知当他看到人们在雪地中穿的鞋子时会觉得奇怪和陌生（strange）．其余选项含义为：strong（强壮的/结实的），fashionable（时髦的）comfortable（舒适的），故答案为B．（7） C．考查副词及语境理解．根据全文，Afel 从未见过雪以及与雪相关的运动，并且产生了极大的兴趣也把成为滑雪运动员当成梦想，可知他在问叔叔时心情很激动（excitedly）．其余选项含义为：politely（礼貌地）hopefully（充满希望地），nervously （紧张地）；故答案为C．（8）D．考查动词及语境理解．根据下文 Afel 想成为一个杰出的滑雪运动员，可知在这一刻他决定（decide）将来成为一名滑雪运动员．其余选项含义为：promised（承诺），claimed（声称），agreed（同意），故答案为D．（9）C．考查名词及语境理解．根据前句中出现的“The Winter Olympics”，可知此处应为与雪有关的运动（sport）．其余选项含义为projects（项目），fields（领域），courses （课程）；故答案为C．（10）B．考查动词及语境理解．根据常识可知冬季奥林匹克运动会每四年举办（have）一次．其余选项含义为：gain（获得），accept（接受），mark（作标记），故答案为B．（11）A．考查名词及语境理解．根据上文“every four years”得知冬奥会每四年举办一次，下一届冬奥会是 2022 年，所以 Afel 有足够的时间（time）来成为一名杰出的滑雪者．其余选项含义为：energy（能量），experience（经历，经验），determination（决心）；故答案为A．（12） B．考查动词及语境理解．根据前文“But there’s no snow here!”…Where are you going to ski？“以及后文”He made himself a pair of skis from two pieces of wood．"可以得知，人们问他去哪儿滑雪，他并未回答，只是自己做了一对滑雪板．说明 Afel 并未理睬人们说的话，即忽略（ignored）了他们．其余选项含义为：avoided（避免），corrected（纠正），criticized（批评）；故答案为B．（13） C．考查动词及语境理解．根据空格后的动词的先后顺序以及动宾搭配关系，前文是脚系滑雪板，后文是应该是手持（holding）滑雪杖．其余选项含义为：pushing （推），pulling（拉），waving（挥手）；故答案为C．（14） D．考查动词及语境理解．根据本句“He practised again and again until hecould______ quite quickly across the sand．”可知，他一遍又一遍地练习直到他能够快速移动（move）穿过沙地．此处为滑雪的动作，应该是快速移动．其余选项含义为：roll （打滚），march（行军），jump（跳），故答案为D．（15）D．考查动词及语境理解．根据本句“He ______ to fly down the hills like the people on TV， but he couldn’t．”可知他试图（attempted）像电视上的人一样飞下山去，但是他不能．其余选项含义为：needed（需要），prepared（准备），pretended（假装）；故答案为D．（16）A．考查名词及语境理解．根据前文“He attempted to fly down the hills like the people on TV，but he couldn’t．”可知他无法像电视上的人一样飞下山去，但是他告诉自己没关系，不要紧．这只是开始（start），此处考查名词的对应关系．从最后一段“So every night…Afel now practises skiing down sand hills．”可知这只是开始（start）．其余选项含义为：chance（机会），solution（解决办法），strategy（策略）；故答案为A．（17）A．考查副词及语境理解．根据上一句“How will you go to the Olympics？”以及本句“Our country doesn’t ______ have a team that goes to the Winter O lympics．”可知“我们的国家甚至（even）都没有一个可以去冬奥会的队伍．”此处用“even”来突出人们认为Afel 的想法无法实现．其余选项含义为：often（经常），shortly（简短地），finally（最终）；故答案为A．（18） C．考查动词及语境理解．根据前文“Our country doesn’t ______ have a team that goes to the Winter Olympics…But no skiing， no．” 以及最后一段" So every n ight…Afel now practises skiing down sand hills．"可知 Afel 并没有在意人们的看法，坚持练习，故他并不在乎（care）．其余选项含义为：refuse（拒绝），inquire（询问），complain（抱怨），故答案为C．（19） A．考查动词及语境理解．根据前文提到的“Afel now practises skiing down sand hills．”说明他现在还在练习，所以获奖应该是梦想（dreams）中的事情，指的是他在想象着获奖的事情．即，他梦想（dreams）着，等他成了冠军，那眼前这黄沙褐土和带回来的奖牌一样金光闪闪．其余选项含义为：predicts（预测），assumes（假定），realizes（意识到）；故答案为A．（20） B．考查名词及语境理解．根据前文“He dreams that the yellow sand and brown earth are as gold as the medal he will bring home with him，”可知，他梦想（ dreams）着，等他成了冠军，那眼前这黄沙褐土和带回来的奖牌一样金光闪闪．意思是只有他成为冠军（ champion）的时候才能获得奖牌．其余选项含义为： authority（权威），genius（天才），celebrity（名人）；故答案为B．第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）第一节（共15 小题；每小题2 分，共30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．If you’re looking to buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and getthe best hoverboard?What is a Hoverboard?A hoverboard is a two﹣wheeled personal transportation device．It’s electrical, portable and became highly popular in 2015 in reference to a popular 1980’s movie． Typically, this self﹣balancing device operates like a powered skateboard．How Does a Hoverboard Work?The device may have many designs, but the mechanism itself isn’tcomplicated． Basically, a standard hoverboard contains:• Battery: stores the electrical power． Almost all hoverboards use a high﹣watt lithium﹣ion battery．• Gyroscope （one for each wheel）: allows riders to tilt （倾斜） the hoverboard while maintaining balance and adjusting their direction．• Motor （one in each wheel）: provides the power to the wheels to keep the rider balanced and upright．• Logic board: functions as the hoverboard brain． It processes data﹣yourspeed, tilt, etc．﹣and sends information to the motors． This unit controls the power of the board so riders can adjust their speed．All the above components work together to control the power and tilt of the hoverboards so the rider is balanced, upright and moving at a controlled speed．Why Buy a Hoverboard?Undoubtedly, hoverboards are cool．You’ve probably seen kids riding one around the house．They’re a phenomenon and everybody wants in． So, why deny your kids and prevent them from being part of this trend?Where is a hoverboard legal?Despite their wild popularity, hoverboards have yet to become “street﹣legal”． Currently, some places prohibit anyone under 16 from using these devices, and hoverboards are banned in academic institutions and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway stations． Some places have also put speed limits on the devices and restricted their use to bike paths． However, open areas﹣including your yard﹣are free of these restrictions．（1）The logic board of a hoverboard can________．A.store electricityB.power the wheelsC.send information to the ridersD.receive data and give command．（2）According to the passage， a hoverboard can be used________．A.on campusB.in parksC.on bike pathsD.in shopping malls．（3）What is the main purpose of this passage？________A.To evaluate a gift’s quality．B.To recommend a gift choice．C.To compare new hoverboard models．D.To clarify functions of the latest hoverboards．．【答案】DCB【考点】广告布告类阅读应用文阅读【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了如果你想给孩子买礼物，为什么不跟上潮流，买最好的气垫板呢．【解答】（1）D．细节理解题．根据文章 It processes data﹣your speed， tilt， etc．﹣and sendsinformation to the motors．它处理你的速度、倾斜等数据，并将信息发送给马达．可知气垫板的逻辑板可以接收数据并发出命令；故选D．（2）C．推理判断题．根据文章最后一段 Some places have also put speed limits on the devices and restricted their use to bike paths．一些地方还对设备设置了速度限制，并将其限制在自行车道上．可知自行车道可以使用气垫板；故选C．（3）B．细节理解题．根据文章第一段If you’re looking to buy a gift for your children，why not keep up with the trend and get the best hoverboard？如果你想给孩子买礼物，为什么不跟上潮流，买最好的气垫板呢；可知这篇文章的主要目的是推荐礼物选择；故选B．Growing up, Deka Ismail says she let labels define what she could be．“I was a black girl, from a refugee （难民） family, ” Deka said．“It was as if I was only allowed to explore in this predetermined box．”After a high school chemistry class inspired her to think about a career in science and gave her confidence in the field, Deka learned to live outside labels and began making big plans for her future． Now she is about to begin her freshman year at the University of California, planning to become a professor．Born and raised in San Diego’s City Heights neighbourhood, Deka is the daughter of a Somali refugee couple．While some might say Deka’s success happened in spite of her background, she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be the driven, young scientist that she is today．When Deka was eight years old, her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the whole family． That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to one’s life． She spent a lot of time in the library reading books, and didn’t do many of the things her peers did, like partying or having romantic relationships．“I always felt like I had to be the perfect girl for my family, ” Deka said．“You have to not even do your best but two times better than everyone else． I felt like the whole world was waiting for me to mess up．”Deka’s efforts paid off． The summer before her senior year of high school, she was accepted to the American Chemical Society Project SEED Programme．“She brought both enthusiasm and focus, ” Botham, a researcher at this research institute, recalled．“She arrived every day ready to work, ready to learn and ready to tackle new challenges regardless of whether or not she had done anything similar．”When asked what advice she would give to others like her, Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves．“Don’t tell yourself that scholarship is too big or this programme is too competitive or I’ll never get into this school,” she said．“I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rolling in．”（1）From the passage， we can learn that________．A. Deka was adopted by a refugee familyB. Deka spent a lot of time going to partiesC. Deka became a professor after graduationD. Deka’s experiences drove her to work hard．（2）Deka realized the importance of education________．A. from her mother’s experienceB. after her chemistry classC. by reading books in the libraryD. through working at the institute．（3）According to the last paragraph， Deka advised that students be________．A. patientB. confidentC. ambitiousD. generous．（4）What does the story intend to tell us？________A. Life is not all roses．B. Practice makes perfect．C. Well begun is half done．D. Hard work leads to success．【答案】DABD【考点】人物故事记叙文阅读故事类阅读【解析】本文章主要讲述了黑人女孩Deka Ismail 通过自己不懈的努力，最终达成愿望，成功进入自己理想的大学．【解答】（1）D．推理判断题．根据文章第四段，When Deka was eight years old， her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the whole family． That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to one’s life． She spent a lot of time in the library reading books，and didn’t do many of the things her peers did， like partying or having romantic relationships．当Deka 八岁时，母亲为了养家糊口在学校努力学习，找到了一份工作．这使德卡意识到教育可以改变一个人的生活．她花了很多时间在图书馆看书，没有做很多同龄人做的事情，比如参加聚会或浪漫关系．可知， Deka 的生活经历驱使她努力的学习，结合选项，故选D．（2）A．细节理解题．根据文章第四段，When Deka was eight years old， her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the whole family． That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to one’s life．当Deka 八岁时，母亲为了养家糊口在学校努力学习，找到了一份工作．这使德卡意识到教育可以改变一个人的生活．可知，她妈妈的学习经历让她意识到教育的重要性，结合选项，故选A．（3）B．推理判断题．根据文章最后一段，When asked what advice she would give to others like her， Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves．“Don’t tell yourself that scholarship is too big or this programme is too competitive or I’ll never get into this school，” she said．“I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rolling in．”当被问到她会给像她这样的人什么建议时，Deka说让他们不要低估自己．“不要告诉自己奖学金太难，或者这个项目太有竞争力，否则我永远进不了这所学校，”她说．“直到我开始看到录取信的到来，我才确定自己是否能成功．”即，学生们要对自己自信，要觉得自己是可以完成目标的，结合选项，故选B．（4）D．写作目的题．根据文章倒数第二段，“She arrived every day ready to work，ready to learn and ready to tackle new challenges regardless of whether or not she had doneanything similar．”“她每天都来上班，准备学习，准备迎接新的挑战，不管她是否做过类似的事情．”可知，本文章主要讲述了黑人女孩Deka Ismail 通过自己不懈的努力，最终达成愿望，成功进入自己理想的大学．作者也想借此告诉读者们，努力学习和工作，最终能获得成功，结合选项，故选D．A group of blue﹣faced birds step through the grass shoulder to shoulder, red eyes looking around． They look like middle schoolers seeking a cafeteria table at lunchtime．Perhaps they’re not so different．A new study, led by Damien Farine, an ornithologist who studies collectivebehaviour, shows that the vulturine guineafowl of eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel ocieties． In the past, scientists assumed such social structures required a lot of brainpower． But the pea﹣brained guineafowl are revealing the faults in that assumption． These large birds wander across the landscape in packs, often walking so closely that their bodies touch． They may fight each other to maintain their strict hierarchies （等级制度）, but at other times they engage in friendly behaviours like sharing food．Suspecting the guineafowl might have a social structure, Dr． Farine and his colleagues began a thorough study of their society． For a whole year, they made daily observations of 441 birds． Coloured leg bands in unique combinations let researchers tell the black﹣and﹣blue birds apart． They also attached GPS devices to the backs of 58 birds, which letthem see exactly where every group went, 24 hours a day．The findings of the research suggest that the vulturine guineafowl have a multilevel society． There are groups within groups within the population as a whole． There even seem to be groups of friends within the small groups． This is the first time anyone has observed such a society in a bird．And Dr．Farine emphasizes this particular bird’s tiny brain size:“They don’t only have small brains relative to mammals （哺乳动物）, they also have quite small brains relativeto other birds, ” he said．According to him, living in this kind of society might actually make it easier to keep trackof the social order． For example, if groups are stable and a bird can identify just one or two individuals within a group, it knows which group it’s looking at﹣no need for a brain that can recognize every single animal． Multilevel societies also let animals adjust their group sizes based on whatever challen ges they’re facing． Depending on what enemies or resources are around, it might make sense to travel in a combined group rather than a smaller one．“Having a multilevel structure may not require having a large brain,” Dr． Farinesaid． There may be more birds and other animals out there that, although small﹣brained, have societies as many﹣leveled as our own．（1）According to the passage， what inspired Dr． Farine to carry out the study？________A.The guineafowl’s social behaviour．B.Previous assumptions about birds．C.His interest in animal brainpower．D.The faults in earlier research．．（2）What is Paragraph 4 mainly about？________A.The research subjects．B.The research methods．C.The research findings．D.The research equipment．．（3）What can be learned from the passage？________plex social systems can be a disadvantage to the guineafowl．B.The guineafowl are good at recognizing individuals in a group．C.Birds maintain social order by travelling in combined groups．D.Small﹣brained animals can form multilevel societies．．（4）What is the main purpose of the passage？________A.To present the findings of a study of the guineafowl．B.To explain the interaction patterns in multilevel societies．C.To introduce a new approach to observing the guineafowl．D.To uncover clues about how complex societies are formed．．【答案】ABDA【考点】完形综合说明文阅读阅读理解综合【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了一项由研究集体行为的鸟类学家达米恩•法林领导的新研究表明，东非的兀鹫和人类一样，有着多层次的社会结构．【解答】（1）A．细节理解题．根据文章第四段 Suspecting the guineafowl might have a social structure， Dr． Farine and his colleagues began a thorough study of their society．法林博士和他的同事们怀疑这种珍珠鸡可能有一种社会结构，于是开始对它们的社会进行深入的研究．可知是兀鹫的社交行为促使法林博士进行这项研究的；故选A．（2）B．推理判断题．根据文章第四段For a whole year， they made daily observations of 441 birds． Coloured leg bands in unique combinations let researchers tell the black﹣and﹣blue birds apart．整整一年，他们每天对441种鸟类进行观察．独特组合的彩色腿带让研究人员能够区分黑鸟和蓝鸟．可知第4段主要是关于研究方法；故选B．（3）D．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段“Having a multilevel structure may n ot require having a large brain，” Dr． Farine said．“拥有一个多层次的结构可能不需要有一个大的大脑，”法林博士说，可知小脑袋动物可以形成多层次的社会；故选D．类学家达米恩•法林领导的新研究表明，东非的兀鹫和人类一样，有着多层次的社会结构．可知这篇文章的主要目的是介绍对兀鹫的研究结果；故选A．For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science． In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science． After all, scientists have been right about most things．Stressing successes isn’t wrong,but for many people it’s not persuasive． An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science?” is that scientists use the so﹣called scientific method．If you’ve got a high school science textbook lying around, you’ll probably find that answer in it． But what is typically thought to be the scientific method﹣develop a hypothesis （假设）, then design an experiment to test it﹣isn’t what scientists actually do． Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different things．If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the reason for trust in science? The answer is how those claims are evaluated． The common element in modern science, regardless of the specific field or the particular methods being used, is the strict scrutiny （审查） of claims．It’s this tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected． A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation （责任） to find faults．A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively． No claim gets accepted until it has been ________ by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads． In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it’s thousands． This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famousone, disagrees with the claim． And this is why diversity in science﹣the more people looking at a claim from different angles﹣is important．Does this process ever go wrong? Of course． Scientists are humans． There is always the possibility of revising a claim on the basis of new evidence． Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds．” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist． But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical （矛盾的）: that science produces both novelty and stability． Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness．（1）How does the author think of the scientific method？________A. Stable．B. Persuasive．C. Unreliable．D. Unrealistic．．（2）What does the underlined word “vetted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？________ A. Explained． B. Examined．C. Repeated．D. Released．．（3）According to the passage， the author may agree that________．A. it is not persuasive to reject those faulty claimsD. diversity in knowledge is the common element in science．（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？________A. Put Your Faith in ScienceB. Defend the Truth in ScienceC. Apply Your Mind to ScienceD. Explore A Dynamic Way to Science．【答案】BBCA【考点】新闻报道类阅读【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了人们发现了对科学的不信任，因为现代科学的发现危及了某人的利益和信念；【解答】（1）B．细节理解题．根据文章第一段 In response， scientists have tended to stress the success of science． After all， scientists have been right about most things．作为回应，科学家们往往强调科学的成功．毕竟，科学家们在大多数方面都是正确的事情．可知作者认为科学是有说服力的；故选B．（2）D．词义猜测题．根据文章第四段 No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens， if not hundreds， of heads．在被几十个人（如果不是几百个人）审查之前，没有人接受索赔．可知意为审查；故选D．（3）C．细节理解题．根据文章第四段 This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist， even a very famous one， disagrees with the claim． And this is why diversity in science﹣the more people looking at a claim from different angles﹣is important．这就是为什么如果一个科学家，即使是一个非常著名的科学家，不同意这一说法，我们通常有理由不太担心．这就是为什么科学的多样性﹣更多的人从不同的角度看待索赔﹣是重要的．可知权威专家在审查中不能起决定性作用；故选C．（4）A．推理判断题．根据文章第一段 In response， scientists have tended to stress the success of science． After all， scientists have been right about most things．作为回应，科学家们往往强调科学的成功．毕竟，科学家们在大多数方面都是正确的事情．可知文章的最佳标题是相信科学；故选A．第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from them．（1）_______ There are three basic sub﹣types of interview： structured interviews， unstructured interviews and semi﹣structured interviews．（2）_______ Incidentally，“respondent” and “informant” are wo rds that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”．A great deal is provided by this personal contact： you are another human being， and interviewees will respond to you， in bodily presence， in an entirely different way from theto emails．（3）_______ Most people want to help and give their opinions， and they will usually be energized to help by your physical presence．If you take the trouble to schedule a visit， you can be more or less guaranteed of a response． Most importantly， though， you will be able to relate to interviewees while you are talking to them．（4）_______ 49 You will be able to watch their behaviour which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topic． Because of the primacy of the personal contact， your appearance and tone are important﹣how do you want to be seen As “one of us”？ As a person in authority？ As an observer？…Or what？（5）_______However you decide to present yourself， it is good practice of course to try to put the interviewee at ease before the interview begins﹣to talk about the weather， about your journey， about anything that will break the ice．A．This is a ready﹣made support for you．B．Its nature varies with the nature of the interviews．C．You will be able to hear and understand what they are saying．D．Your decision should influence the way that you look， sound and behave．E．The information may be facts or opinions or attitudes or any combination of these．F．Each involves the interviewer in fact﹣to﹣face contact or telephone contact with another person．G．You will be using these clues to make informed guesses about what the interviewees might really mean．【答案】E,G,B,C,D【考点】说明文七选五【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了面试的方式以及面试需要注意的问题．【解答】（1） E 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．根据空格前的“An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from them．面试是与某人的讨论，你试图从他们那里获得信息．”可知和E项" The information may be facts or opinions or attitudes or any combination of these．这些信息可以是事实、观点、态度或这些信息的任何组合．"相吻合．故选E．（2） G 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．根据空格后的“Incidentally，”respondent" and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”．顺便说一句，“受访者”和“线人”是有时用来代替“面试者”的词．“可知和G项”You will be using these clues to make informed guesses about what the interviewees might really mean．你将利用这些线索，对受访者的真实意思做出明智的猜测．"相吻合．故选G．（3） B 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．根据空格前的“in an entirely different way from the way that they would have reacted to questionnaires that came through their letterboxes or to emails．这种方式与他们对通过信箱或电子邮件发出的问卷的反应完全不同．”可知和B项" Its nature varies with the nature of the interviews．它的性质因采访的性质而不同．"相吻合．故选B．（4） C 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．根据空格前的“You will be able to watch their behaviour which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topic．你将能够观察他们的行为，这将为你提供他们对某个话题的感受的重要线索．”可知和C项" You will be able to hear and understand what they are saying．你将能够听到并理解他们。
【北京市】2020年高考英语模拟试题(解析版)
绝密★启用前【北京卷】 2020 年普通高等学校全国招生模拟考试英语本试卷共 16 页，共 150 分。
考试时长 120 分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力理解 （共三节， 30 分 ）第一节 （共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每 段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话你将听一遍。
例： What is the man going to read?答案是 A 。
When will the film start?Which club will the man join?What was the weather like in the mountains yesterday?What does the man want to cut out of paper?Where does the conversation most probably take place?第二节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5分，15 分）选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有 5 秒钟的时间阅读每小题。
听完后，每小题将给出 每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第 6段材料，回答第 6至 7题。
6． Why does the woman make the call?A ． A newspaper.B ． A magazine.C ． A book.1． A ．At 5:00.B ． At 6:00.C ． At 7:00.2．A ． The film club.B ． The travel club.C ． The sports club.3．A ． Sunny.B ．Windy.C ． Snowy.4．A ． A fish.B ．A bird.C ． A monkey.5．A ． In a library.B ． At a bookstore.C ． In a museum.听下面 4 段对话或独白。
【精品高考英语】[2020年北京高三英语仿真模拟卷-英语]+答案详解
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2020年北京高考仿真模拟卷英语 2020.6考试时间：100分钟第一部分语法填空（共15分）ANations that have greatly improved their students’ achievements, such as Finland, Korea, Singapore, and others, attribute much of their success to their focused investments in teacher preparation and development. 1 (Create) a system that can routinely hire and prepare teachers effectively and can support successful teaching is the arena (竞技场) in whichthe United States 2 (fall) behind the most. Although there are some great teachers in every community, the landscape of the supports for quality teaching looks like Swiss cheese. In some states, the holes are smaller, and in others they are bigger. Nor in no case is there a fully 3 (develop) system of instructional support even remotely comparable to that in high-achieving nations. And of course, as we have seen, the system is the weakest in communities 4 students’ needs are greatest.BThe improving situation in China shows that quick and ___5___decisive measures taken by the authorities to reduce population mobility and concentrate medical resources in the hardest-hit region at an early date can make a big difference. It is obvious____6_____some countries that have watched China's efforts with folded arms are now looking at its taillights and the time it will take them to catch ____7_______ with it in the race to contain the virus will come at the cost of lives lost and economic losses.CScientists in Australia are also working on vaccine candidates to stop the spread of the disease. ___8____(historical), vaccines have been one of the greatest public health tools to prevent disease. But even as new technology, advancements in genomics and improved ___9____(globe) coordination have allowed researchers to move at unprecedented speed, vaccine development remains ____10__expensive and risky process.第二部分完形填空（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．"Look，it's Baldy!"A boy shouted in my direction across the playground．Even though I was used to regular insults （侮辱）because of the （11）on my head，it was （12）horrible to hear．I sighed as I was headed back to the class．When I was just 20months old，I suffered serious （13）after a bowl full hot oil fell on my head．I was （14）to hospital and had to stay there for weeks while the doctors （15）to save my life．"Holly's very （16）to be alive，"they told Mum and Dad．"But she'll be （17）with scars on her head，and of course her hair won't grow there．"As a child，I cared much about my scars，so I（18）wore a scarf to cover them up when I left home．（19）I didn't，people would call me horrible names like Baldy．Although my friends were always comforting me，they never （20）understood how it felt．Then through the hospital I was （21）to a children's burns camp，where children like me can get any help．There，I （22）14﹣year﹣old Stephanie，whose burns are a lot more serious than mine．But she is so （23）that she never lets anyone put her down．"You shouldn't （24）what people say about what you look like because we're not different from anyone else，Holly，"she （25）me．"And you don't need to wear a scarf because you look great （26）it!"For the first time in my life I could speak to someone who'd been through something （27）．So weeks later，at my 13th birthday party，（28）by her bravery，I gave up my scarf and showed off my scars．It felt amazing not having to （29）away behind my scarf．Now，I am （30）of what I look like and much happier，because I have realized it is your personality that decides who you truly are．11．A．hat B．scarf C．scars D．cuts 12．A．still B．just C．never D．seldom13．A．hunger B．cold C．defeats D．burns14．A．rushed B．led C．invited D．forced15．A．learned B．fought C．returned D．decided16A．happy B．lucky C．lonely D．poor17．A．pressed B．occupied C．left D．painted18．A．possibly B．usually C．finally D．nearly19．A．Although B．Since C．If D．Before20．A．correctly B．roughly C．easily D．really21．A．promoted B．introduced C．reported D．carried22．A．met B．recognized C．remembered D．caught23．A．honest B．strong C．active D．young24．A．write down B．agree with C．pass on D．listen to25．A．promised B．encouraged C．ordered D．calmed26．A．in B．for C．without D．beyond27．A．similar B．strange C．hard D．important28．A．allowed B．required C．guided D．inspired29．A．hide B．give C．keep D．put30．A．sick B．aware C．tired D．proud第二部分阅读理解（共两节）第一节（满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．A（6分）China Import and Export Fair，also known as the Canton Fair，is held in Guangzhou every spring and autumn．The Fair is a comprehensive one with the longest history，the highest level，the largest scale，the most complete exhibit variety，the broadest distribution of overseas buyers and the greatest business turnover in China．Canton Fair attracts more than 24，000China's best foreign trade companies with good credibility and sound financial capabilities，and 500overseas companies to participate in the Fair．Canton Fair is a platform for import and export mainly，with various and flexible patterns of trade．Besides traditional way of negotiating against samples，the Fair holds Canton Fair Online．Various types of business activities such as economic and technical co﹣operations and exchanges，goods inspection，insurance，transportation，advertising and consultation are also carried out in flexible ways．Business people from all over the world are gathering in Guangzhou，exchanging business information and developing friendship．Events Schedule of the 115th Session of Canton FairTime：May 1st 14：00﹣16：00Place：No.8Meeting Room，B Floor，Area BEvent：Training Seminar of Overseas MarketingTheme：Market Segmentation And Channel BuildingDetails：Cloris，Project Facilitator，Trade for Sustainable Development of International Trade Centre （ITC）Time：May 2nd 14：00﹣16：30Place：No.8Meeting Room，B Floor，Area BEvent：Fashion and Trend ForumTheme：The"must have"fashion trends for Men's and Women's wear for Spring/Summer 2015Details：Michael Leow，Sales and Market Director of Fashion Snoops（Asia Pacific）31．The Canton Fair is organized in Guangzhou．A．every two yearsB．every seasonC．once a yearD．twice a year32．If you want to visit the clothing show，you can be there．A．on May 1st 14：00﹣16：00B．on May 2nd 14：00﹣16：30C．on May 1st 8：00﹣16：30D．on May 2nd 10：00﹣16：0033．What is the main purpose of the text？A．To introduce the Canton Fair．B．To present overseas investment．C．To report the trade achievements．D．To attract the best foreign trade companies．BForget Cyclists，Pedestrians are Real DangerWe are having a debate about this topic．Here are some letters from our readers．■Yes，many cyclists behave dangerously．Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists．But pedestrians are probably the worst offenders．People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone，quite unaware of what is going on around them．They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere．The rest of us have to evade （避让）them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision．The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be，at least for the moment，in worlds of their own that are，to them，much more important than the welfare of others．﹣﹣Michael Horan■I love the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists （Viewpoints，May 29）．I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads．I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went around me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me．The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used．The police do nothing．What a laugh they are!The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets，fluorescent （发荧光的）jacket and lights at night and in the morning they should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them．﹣﹣Carol Harvey■Cyclists jump on and off pavements （which are meant for pedestrians），ride at speed along the pavements，and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red．I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him．Other road users，including horse riders，manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists？It's about time they had to be registered and insured，so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle，or cause an accident，at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim．﹣﹣JMLWrite to Viewpoints of the newspaper．34．Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that．A．drivers should be polite to cyclistsB．road accidents can actually be avoidedC．some pedestrians are a threat to road safetyD．walking while using phones hurts one's eyes35．Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should．A．be provided with enough roadsB．be asked to ride on their own lanesC．be made to pay less tax for cyclingD．be fined for laughing at policemen36．The underlined word"they"in the third letter refers to．A．accidentsB．vehiclesC．pedestriansD．cyclists37．The three letters present viewpoints on．A．real source of road dangerB．ways to improve road facilitiesC．measures to punish road offencesD．increased awareness of road rules．CWe know the famous ones﹣the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells ﹣but what about the less famous inventors？What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper （雨刮器）？Shouldn't we know who they are？Joan Mclean thinks so．In fact，Mclean，a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range，feels so strongly about this matter that she's developed a course on the topic．In addition to learning"who"invented"what"，however，Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the"why"and"how"questions．According to Mclean，"When students learn the answers to these questions，they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try．"Her students agree．One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean's statement．"If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper's invention，"said Tommy Lee，a senior physics major．"I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rain storm into something someaningful．"Lee is currently negotiating（商谈）to sell his patent to an umbrella producer．So，just what is the story behind the windshield wiper？Well，Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902after a visit to New York City．The day was cold and stormy，but Anderson still wanted to see the sights，so she jumped aboard a streetcar．Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield，she found herself wondering why there couldn't be a built﹣in device for cleaning the window．Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham，Alabama，Anderson started working out solutions．One of her ideas，a lever （操作杆）on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside，became the first windshield wiper．Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations（创新）．It's hard to imagine driving without Garrett A．Morgan's traffic light．It's equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J．Blodgett's innovation that makes glass invisible．38．By mentioning"traffic light"and"windshield wiper"，the author indicates that countless inventions are．A．beneficial，though their inventors are less famousB．beneficial，because their inventors are famousC．not useful，because their inventors are less famousD．not useful，though their inventors are famous39．Professor Joan McLean's course aims to．A．add color and variety to students'campus lifeB．prepare students to try their own inventionC．carry out the requirements by Mountain UniversityD．inform students of the windshield wiper's invention40．Tommy Lee's invention of the unbreakable umbrella was．A．not eventually accepted by the umbrella producerB．not related to Professor Joan McLean's lecturesC．due to his dream of being caught in a rainstormD．inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper41．Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage？A．How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers？B．How to Design a Built﹣in Device for Cleaning the Window？C．Shouldn't We Develop Invention Courses in Universities？D．Shouldn't We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper？DA museum in the Netherlands is trying to show visitors more of the objects it has and bring them more excitement．It is using an augmented reality（增强现实）device made by Microsoft to reach its goal．However，the use of this high﹣technology device started with a basic problem．The Dutch National Museum of Antiquities does not have enough space to put all of its artifacts（人工制品）on display．So，the museum asked experts at Delft University of Science and Technology to find a way to let more visitors﹣especially young people﹣experience what the museum has to offer．The experts used the Hololens（全息透镜）．It is a computer that shows visitors holograms，or virtual pictures that appear to have three dimensions．Annelies Maltha，a researcher at the University，says that almost 80percent of the artifacts at the museum are not shown to the public．"So by using the Hololens，"she adds，"people can virtually visit the exhibit and see so much more．"The Dutch National Museum has artifacts like the Egyptian Temple of Teffeh．The structure was reconstructed inside the museum in 1971．It is not currently available to the public．"The Hololens enables you to have augmented reality，instead of virtual reality，which means you can still see the temple，you can still feel the ancient vibe（氛围）around you，so to speak．"The augmented reality technology gives visitors the ability to interact with their surroundings．The researchers are using the Hololens to make three dimensional images of every room in the temple．Erik Hoglund，another researcher，explains that his team can create 3D models and add different images，movies，or animations．The effect is to make visitors feel like they are interacting with the temple．The Hololens program is still being developed．But museum officials hope that，in the future，the Hololens will serve as a tour guide for exhibits that have been hidden from public view．42．What does the underlined part"its goal"in Paragraph 1mean？A．The experience of excitement．B．The solving of the basic problem．C．The showing of more museum objects．D．The use of the augmented reality device．43．What can be learnt about the augmented reality device？A．It has been widely applied to museums．B．It is what we call virtual reality．C．It is developed by Microsoft．D．It has many hidden dangers．44．Which of the following statements about the Hololens is TRUE？A．It makes interactions possible．B．It gives the museum much more space．C．It enables visitors to have virtual reality．D．It is a must﹣have item for the common people．45．What would happen if the technology were to be applied in the museums？a．More young people would be attracted to the museums．b．More items of the museums would be on display．c．People would travel back to ancient times．d．Fewer guides would be needed．A．abdB．abcC．acdD．bcd．第三节（满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．Common public speaking problemsThe use of"I feel"，"I think"and"maybe"In the question﹣and﹣answer session of the speaking competition，many contestants began their answers with uncertain expressions like"I feel"，"I hear"，"maybe"and"perhaps"．These words show that the person is only speaking from his or her point of view．（46）Work on keeping your answers brief and to the point．Also work on delivering them with calmness and confidence．Instead of the empty﹣sounding"I guess"，using facts，together with a clear conclusion based on those facts，is far more likely to be popular with an audience．（47）Don't stick to the same tone．It can be boring．Try to mix it up．For example，when they spoke about their dreams，some sounded romantic．Others used humor．Very few used several different styles tighter．（48），rather than just sticking with the same one．Irresponsible answers（49）．you're responsible for your words．Even though you want to answer quickly，you don't want to sound foolish．So you should think twice before you talk．Don't be like the student who，when asked about his opinion on book piracy （盗版），started by saying he supported it．Talking around the topic rather than directly answering itYou should focus on one point and give a clear solution．（50）．is it asking you to discuss a certain topic or to present your own point of view？Use one or two arguments together and give a strong conclusion．Remember that judges are not judging you on whether they agree，but on your ability to say what you think clearly．A．Try mixing more than one style．B．Improving your communication skill．C．Using only one speaking styleD．It's important to involve your audience．E．Public speaking is different from personal conversations．F．The key is to work out what question is being askedG．To the judges and audience，this lacks the support of facts and seems not to be reliable．第三部分：写作（共两节）第一节（满分15分）最近你班就高三学生是否应该组织集体春游进行了讨论．以下是讨论的情况．请你用英语写一篇短文，反映讨论结果并谈谈自己的看法，然后发表在你校英语论坛上．赞成（62%）的理由1．亲近大自然，拓宽视野；2．增强沟通、合作能力；3．结交新朋友．反对（38%）的理由1．占用宝贵的学习时间；2．安全很难保证．注意：词数120左右（开头已给出，但不计入总词数）．参考词汇：春游spring outing 视野horizonRecently，our class has had a discussion about whether Senior Three students should go on a group spring outing．第二节（满分20分）假设你是李华，请根据图片顺序，写一篇日记。
2020年6月北京市东城区2020届高三下学期高考模拟卷(二)英语答案
的语言运用能力。
完全达到了预期的写作目的。
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基本完成了试题规定的任务。
·内容、条理和交际等方面基本符合要求；
·所用语法和词汇满足了任务的要求；
·语法或用词方面有一些错误，但不影响理解。
基本达到了预期的写作目的。
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I have been looking for opportunities to experience campus life in the UK， which will definitely help improve my English and deepen my understanding of the English culture. Therefore， I’m writing to you to learn more about the upcoming project in your university.
未恰当完成试题规定的任务。
·内容不完整；
·所用词汇有限，语法或用词方面的错误影响了对所写内容
的理解。
未能清楚地传达信息。
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（1分～3分）未完成试题来自定的任务。·写了少量相关信息；
·语法或用词方面错误较多，严重影响了对所写内容的理解。
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未能传达任何信息；所写内容与要求无关。
三、One possible version
The next day, a poster was put up on the bulletin board in our community to call on people to donate. Many neighbors expressed their support and contributed some money. Some food and snacks were prepared soon.
2020届北京市第四中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案
2020届北京市第四中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAmid the coronavirus outbreak, the U. S. Department of Homeland Security recommends having at least a two - week supply of water and food.PotatoesShelf life：2 to 5 weeks if stored in a cool, dry, dark placeYukon Gold, red, and fingerling potatoeswill last from two to three weeks. Larger white potatoes can last for three to five weeks. Sweet potatoes have about the same shelf life. Don't store them next to onions, however. The two might go together well in cooking, but raw, each gives off gases and moisture that might cause the other to spoil faster.Tea※Shelf life：6 to 12 months past "sell - by" dateDried tea leaves, whether loose (in a sealed container) or in teabags (in an unopened box) can easily last a year or more if they' re not subjected to damp or humidity. However, the tea does tend to lose flavor over time.Peanuts● Shelf life：1 to 2 monthsPeanuts in their shell, especially when kept cool and dry, are perfectly happy in the cupboard for as long as two months.Canned fruits and vegetables● Shelf life：1 to 2 years past "sell - by” dateCanning is an extremely efficient means of preserving food. Generally speaking, if canned foods aren't subjected to extreme heat, their contents should stay good for two years or more. Be aware, however, of dented cans or those with swollen tops, which may indicate the presence of bacteria inside.1. Which can go bad faster if stored with onions?A. Potatoes.B. Tea.C. Peanuts.D. Canned fruits and vegetables.2. What is special about tea?A. The flavor of tea can always remain the same.B. Tea leaves are better to be preserved in an open jar.C. Tea leaves should be kept away from the state of being wet.D. The maximum length of time that tea can be stored is 6 months.3. What may shorten the "sell - by” date of canned foods ?A. Shapes of cans.B. Categories of foods.C. Decline of the temperature.D. Exposure to high temperature.BAs a basic food in the Asian diet，soybeans（大豆）have been used to make tofu and soy milk for hundreds of years．But now，they are also being turned into an alternative to plastic wrap．William Chen，a professor of foodscience and technology at Singapore's Nanyang Technological University，invented the environmentally﹣friendly food wrap．It's made of cellulose（纤维素），a form of fiber，obtained from the waste generated by soy bean product producers．The beans are pressed tosqueeze out juice that's used to make tofu and soy milk．And what's left is usually thrown away，but Chen takes the waste and puts it through a fermentation（发酵）process，during which cellulose is produced．Cellulose﹣based plastic wraps have been on the market for a few years，but Chen says that most are made from wood or corn，grown for that purpose．By contrast，his wrap is made from a waste product，which doesn't compete with other crops for land and is more sustainable．Chen's technology could help to solve two problems at once：cutting plastic production and reducing the amount of food waste．"In Singapore，the amount of food waste generated every year could fill up 15，000 Olympic﹣sized swimming pools，" Chen says．F&N，a soy﹣based drinks producer，has partnered with Chen's lab and provides the product，straight from the factory．The company is conducting a study to assess whether the food wrap could complete commercially with conventional products．Chen adds，"The soy﹣based wrap costs almost nothing to makein the lab because the raw materials are free．Commercial production would involve additional expenses，such as storage and quality control，however，we have not calculated those costs yet．"Chen hopes neighboring soy﹣loving countries will be inspired bySingapore to adopt his innovation．"My dream is that our technology，which is cheap and simple，will cut plastic and food waste and create a cleaner environment，" Chen says．4. What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The introduction to William Chen．B. The process of producing soy milk．C. The way to make soy﹣based wrap．D. The benefit of eating soy products．5. What's the biggest difference of Chen's wrap from other cellulose﹣based plastic wraps？A. It saves land for industry．B. It's more easilybroken down．C. It is made from the food waste．D. It has been put into practice for many years．6. What will commercial production of the food wrap cause？A. A lack of competitiveness．B. Poor quality of the wraps．C. A shortage of raw material．D. An increase in production costs．7. From which is the text probably taken？A. A personal diary．B. A travel guide．C. A book review．D. A scientific magazine．CThe founder of Earth Day was Gaylord Nelson, a U.S. Senator fromWisconsin. During the late 1960s, Americans witnessed the uninvited side effects of high productivity. Factories and power plants were sending out smoke and industrial waste while Americans were using petrol for their massive(大量的) cars, making air pollution almostsynonymous withthe nation’s development.What moved Senator Nelson to action was the 1969 massive oil spill inCalifornia, the largest in theUnited Statesat that time. The spill proved to be an environmental nightmare as it had a significant effect on marine life, killing about 3,500 sea birds, as well as marine animals such as dolphins, elephant seals and sea lions, fueling public anger. Inspired by the student antiwar movement at that period of time, Nelson found it an appropriate time to direct the energy of the students towards a fight for environmental protection. He decided that it was time to educate the Americans on the need to protect the environment. Thus Earth Day was born in 1970, and public environmentalawareness took centre stage.On 22ndApril 1970, millions of Americans took to the street and thousands of students marched to appeal for a healthy, sustainable environment. There was now a new synergy(协同作用) among different groups which had previously been fighting their causes related to the environment. Their fight for environmental conservation became so overwhelming that affected businesses were forced to follow environmental standards if they wanted to continue their operations.As it became more apparent that environmental issues were not just localized ones but a global concern, the year 1990 saw Earth Day reach out to many more around the world. Earth Day 1990 helped pave the way for the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit inRio de Janeiro, bringing together many nations for a united effort towards protecting the environment.8. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “synonymous with” in paragraph 1?A. familiar withB. opposite toC. different fromD. equal to9. Why did Nelson found Earth Day?A. To support students’ antiwar movement.B. To draw people’s attention to the seriousness of the oil spill.C. To arouse American’s awareness of environmental conservation.D. To educate Americans to protect marine life threatened by oil spill events.10. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Businesses would like to follow environmental standards.B. Earth Day united people to fight for environmental protection.C. It was the side effects of high productivity that led Nelson to take action.D. The 1992 United Nations Earth Summit made Earth Day known to more countries.11. The passage mainly talks about_______.A. how Earth Day came into beingB. why Earth Day was so significantC. who the founder of Earth Day wasD. what Earth Day meantto the worldDI am a part of the Windward Robotics team known as the Omnicats, one of the many clubs offered at my school. My eight teammates and I started out by watching the robotics qualifiers and finals of Chinese teams. Weused these robotics videos for inspiration and drew up mind maps of what our team wanted to do.We meet every day for two hours after school in order to build our robots. Typically, adultsoverseewhat students are building, but my school lets teens take control. It leaves room for more errors, but we're prouder of our final product.Before our first real match, a practice was offered at the actual site. My sub-team had been further along than other teams but quickly fell behind. When we arrived on that big day, I immediately felt my teammates' nervousness. Our first match was in three minutes. All of us glanced around at each other since we were not prepared at all. Our robot was still sitting in a box. Two of our teammates rushed to take the robot for an official examination as the rest of us discussed our strategy (策略).Our team captain explained that we all should try driving the robot now, while it was early in the season. She gave me the remote. I had only driven for a limited amount of time in practice so I was extremely nervous. Our autonomous code (自动代码) beganto run almost immediately after our short discussion. Despite all the drama, we ended up winning the match.Not too bad for the first match! I was so proud. I did not enjoy the pressure of driving but liked building the robot behind the scenes instead.We have transferred to a different type of robotics at the end of the semester, which involves the whole team designing one giant robot with large tools. I am a part of the electrical team now, so I make sure the motherboard (母板) can supply the robot's energy needs. We have all enjoyed the rest of the season and learned that robotics it never dull!12. What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. InspectB. AdmireC. OverlookD. Assume13. Why did her teammatesfed so nervous before first match?A. Because it was really too difficult for them.B. Because they didn't prepare for it at all.C. Because they didn't know what the match would be like.D. Because they didn't make full preparations before the match.14. How did the author feel about their first robotics match?A. It was tiring but exciting.B. It was stressful but wonderful.C. It was terrible but powerful.D. It was boring but professional15. What is the best title for the text?A. A Girl Who Loves RobotsB. My First Robotics MatchC. Teamwork for RobotsD. Robotics Is Never Dull第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
北京市2020年高考英语一模试卷及答案
高三统一测试英语本试卷共11 页，120 分。
考试时长100 分钟。
考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
AThe International Day of Families, which was started by the United Nations in 1993, 1 (hold) on May 15 every year. The day celebrates the 2 (important) of families. It aims to deepen people’s understanding of issues 3 are related to families. With a different theme each year, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organized at local, national and international 4 (level).BFor thousands of years, people have been trying to predict the weather. In China during the Shang Dynasty, people 5 (record) weather forecasts on animal bones and tortoise shells. Centuries later, 6 Greece, the philosopher, Aristotle wrote his theories about how weather conditions formed. Weather forecasting advanced over time, with more and more instruments used to measure temperature, humidity and air pressure. Today, satellite data and computer technology help scientists predict the weather more 7 (precise).CLast year, China started testing 5G mobile networks in several cities. The Hongkou District of Shanghai was the first to operate a 5G network. To test the network, Wu Qing, vice mayor of Shanghai, made a phone call 8 (use) a Huawei MateX, Huawei’s first 5G smartphone. According to The Telegraph, “5G is the innovation that 9 (shape) all our lives for years to come.” It is 10 (fast) and more stable than 4G, the previous generation of cellular ( 蜂窝状的) network technology.第二节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
北大附中2020届高三零模试卷_(无听力)(2)
北大附中2020届高三英语阶段性检测零模本试卷共10页，满分150分，考试时长100分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效，答题纸不写姓名班级无效，考试结束后，将答题纸交回。
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节：语法填空（共10小题；每小题 1.5分,满分15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
请将答案填写在答题卡指定位置。
AI was very happy with the school hours in Britain.On the first day，all students attended an assembly.During it，we21(tell)by the headmaster that the best way to earn respect was to work hard and achieve high grades.In our class there were28students,22is about the average size for British schools.I found the homework was not heavy,23it was challenging for me.BPeople are having a debate about whether24(develop)the economy or protect the environment. In Lin Shuiqing’s opinion,25is our duty to cut back on production and reduce the quantities of things we make and buy.While Qian Liwei thinks that businessmen are not greedy and they don’t hide their responsibilities,either.As far as he is concerned，the people operating these 26(factory)are deeply concerned about the environment，and should be given more credit.In fact，many people are willing to pay a little27(high)price for things that are friendly to the environment.CThe endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives.28(buy)something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy access29a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people,ending in the shopper giving up and walking away,or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted.In the past two years, Chinese Consumer Association30（conduct）many studies whose findings show that many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed.第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题 1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2020年北京市高考英语仿真模拟试题(附答案)
2020年北京市高考英语仿真模拟试题（附答案）本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等信息填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the man want to do?A．Fly a kite．B．Go to the park．C．Play on the Internet．2．What will the girl buy this evening?A．Sunglasses．B．A scarf．C．Gloves．3．What does the man suggest the woman do?A．Take a taxi．B．Walk to the hotel．C．Ask someone else for help．4．Who is probably the woman?A．A hotel clerk．B．A police officer．C．The man's wife．5．What are the speakers mainly talking about?A．A birthday party． B．New Year's gifts．C．The man's parents．第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话。
北京市2020年高考考前模拟英语试卷(2)附答案
2．A．scoldB．blameC．chargeD．criticize
3．A．amongB．alongC．besideD．with
4．A．gluedB．relatedC．associatedD．opposed
5．A．scratchingB．denyingC．depressingD．shrinking
The new research,6in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, isn't the first to associate greenery with better health, but it does get us close7identifying what works and why. At its most straightforward, a green neighborhood8means more places for kids to play – which is9since time spent outdoors is one of the strongest correlates(相关的事物) of children's activity levels. But green space is good for the mind10: research by environmental psychologists has shown that it has cognitive（认知的）11for children with attention-deficit disorder. In one study, just reading12in a green setting improved kids' symptoms.
【精品高考英语】[2020年北京高三英语仿真模拟卷-英语]+答案详解
2020年北京高考仿真模拟卷英语 2020.6考试时间：120分钟第I卷注意事项：1.答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在签题卡上2.选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号.不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the man probably drink?A. Real coffee.B. Instant coffee.C. Hot chocolate.2. What will the man do first?A. Pick up lunch.B. Visit the bank.C. Go to the post office.3.What did the woman fail to see?A. A disabled person.B. A sign.C. A parking lot.4.Why does the boy like sharks?A. They are great swimmers.B. They make funny sounds.C. They are very smart.5.What is the time?A. 6:00 pmB. 9:00 p.m.C. 10:00 p.m.第二节（共15小题；毎小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
2020届北京市北京大学附属中学高三下学期零模英语试题(解析版)
北大附中2020届高三第二学期英语阶段性检测零模英语试题本试卷共10 页，满分150 分，考试时长100 分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效，答题纸不写姓名班级无效，考试结束后，将答题纸交回。
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节：语法填空（共10 小题；每小题1.5 分, 满分15 分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
请将答案填写在答题卡指定位置。
I was very happy with the school hours in Britain. On the first day，all students attended an assembly. During it，we ___1___ (tell) by the headmaster that the best way to earn respect was to work hard and achieve high grades. In our class there were 28 students, ___2___ is about the average size for British schools. I found the homework was not heavy, ___3___ it was challenging for me.【答案】1. were told2. which3. but【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。
文章主要讲述了作者在英国的学习生活。
【1题详解】考查时态和语态。
分析句子可知，此处是谓语动词，由下文的was判断为一般过去时，又主语we和tell之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填were told。
【2题详解】考查定语从句。
分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是前面的整个句子，它在从句中充当主语，故用关系代词which，故填which。