大学英语泛读答案1102 (2)

UNIT 1PASSAGE A在丧礼上，美国人穿黑色丧服，而中国人穿白色。

西方人认为龙是怪物，而中国人把龙当成神明。

中国与西方的文明差异使它们看起来像分别站在地球的极端。

最近加利福尼亚的一所大学的心理学家伯克利发现中国和美国文化差异的更深极性，那是关于内心深处的如何理性和发现真理的极性。

His findings go far toward explaining many of the differences between Chinese and American cultures, when compared to each other. More importantly, the research opens the door for the peoples of the East and the West to learn from each other in basic ways. The Chinese would learn much from Western methods for determining scientific truth, said Kaiping Peng, a former Beijing scholar, who is now a UC Berkeley assistant professor of psychology, and Americans could profit from Chinese ways of accepting contradictions in social and personal life.他的研究结果对于解释许多中美文化对比的差异有很大的贡献。

更重要的是，这项研究为东西方民族相互学习的基本途径开启了大门。

“中国人从西方方法中学到许多关于如何确定科学真理的知识，”前北京的学者，现为伯克利大学的心理学助理教授的彭开平说，“同时美国人可以从中国式的接受社会和个人生活的矛盾中得到启示。

”“Americans have a terrible need to find out who is right in an argument,” said Peng. “The problem is that at the interpersonal level, you really don’t need to find the truth, or maybe there isn’t any.” Chinese people, said Peng, are far more content to think that both sides have good and bad points, because they have a holistic understanding that life is full of contradiction. They do far less blaming of the individual than Americans do, he added.“美国人迫切地要找出谁是一场辩论中正确的人，”彭说。

“但问题是在人际关系方面，你真的不需要找到确切的真相，或者根本就没有所谓的真相。

”彭说，“中国人对一件事物有一个较为全面的了解，认为生命是充满了矛盾的，因此认为凡事都有好坏两面。

他们一般会比美国人更少去指责一个个体的错误。

”他补充说。

In studies of interpersonal argument, for example, when subjects were asked to deal with contradictory information resulting from conflict between a mother and a daughter or a student and a school, Peng found that Americans were “non-compromising, blaming one side—usually the mother—for the causes of the problems, demanding changes from one side to find a solution, and offering no middle ground” in dealing with the conflict.在研究人际关系的争论中，例如，当受试者被要求处理母女或学生与学校之间的矛盾时，彭发现，美国人是“毫不妥协地指责其中一方——通常母亲被认为是问题的引起者，他们只从其中一方寻找解决方法，而不是在两者的中间地带寻找”来解决矛盾。

By contrast, the Chinese were able to find fault on both sides and look for solutions that moved both sides to the middle.相反的是，中国人会认为双方都有过错而从两方之间寻找解决方案，使双方都向中间靠。

“It can hardly be right to move to the middle when you have just read evidence for a less reasonable view. Yet that is what the Chinese subjects did,” said Peng.He believes that this practice of finding the middle way has made it difficult for the Chinese to seek scientific truth through aggressive argumentation, the classic Western Method for forging a path through contradictory information, which results in identifying right and wrong answers.他认为这种从中庸寻找答案的方式使得中国人很难通过积极热烈的讨论这种方法寻找科学真理，而西方经典方法是将信息分为对立的两面，这使得他们的到得答案是确切的，毫不模棱两可的。

Dialectical thinking also has a Western version, which Americans often consider the highest form of reasoning, said Peng. This type of reasoning allows people to go from thesis to antithesis, to synthesis.To compare, Chinese people do not attempt to work through contradictions, following a cultural tradition which holds that reality is “multi-layered, unpredictable, and contradictory,” and is in an unending state of change, Peng said.Peng believes that more dialectical thinking among Americans would make American public life less contentious. “We could stop blaming each other, poor people, and immigrants, and talk about what we can do as a society to become more accepting of differences,” he said. The Chinese, on the other hand, “could learn from the Western tradition to think more about action, truth, and the right thing to do. This would make them more scientific,” said Peng.彭认为美国人的辩证思维使得美国的社会生活更少争议。

“我们能够停止指责对方，停止指责贫穷的人们，移民，而是去谈论作为社会一份子的我们能够怎么做来使这个社会更具有包容性。

”彭说，“另一方面，中国人可以从西方传统中学会更注重行动，真理，做正确的事。

这将会使他们更加具有科学理性。

”The psychologist said that many people ask him which way is the best —the imperfect Chinese way or the imperfect American way. “I always say that life is full of contradictions,” said Peng. “The best w ay is to use both —one style for science and the other for relationships. Maybe that will be the real benefit of multiculturalism.”Preview:1.“Polarities”means a state in which beliefs or behaviors are opposite orcontradictory to each other. The passage is most likely to deal with the differences in reasoning and discovering truth between the Chinese and Westerners.2.He thinks that each has its advantages and disadvantages and that the best way isto use both.Exercises:I.1-5. AACBCII.1. who is right2. good and bad3. far less4. one5. the middle6. By contrastPASSAGE BDo American and British People Speak the Same Language?It was said by Sir George Bernard Shaw that “England and America are two countries separated by the same language”. My first personal experience of this was when I worked as a camp counselor for two months in 2000 in a summer camp run by the Boy Scouts of America, as part of an international leader exchange scheme. Before I went, all the participants in the scheme were given a short list of words that are in common use in the UK but would either confuse or even offend Americans. I remembered the words and thought, “I’ll cope.”.萧伯纳爵士曾说过“英国和美国是两个被同一种语言所分隔的国家”。