法律英语词汇整理
常见英语法律词汇汇总

常见英语法律词汇汇总英语法律词汇的掌握对于专业律师、法律翻译和涉及法律领域的相关行业从业人员来说是非常重要的。
下面将详细介绍一些常见的英语法律词汇,以便大家更好地理解和运用。
1. Law - 法律Law refers to a system of rules and regulations that are created and enforced by a particular country or community.2. Legal - 法律的Legal pertains to anything related to the law or its requirements.3. Legislation - 立法Legislation refers to the process of creating new laws or modifying existing laws.4. Statute - 法规A statute is a written law that has been formally passed by a legislative body.5. Regulation - 规定A regulation is a rule or directive that is issued by an executive branch of government in order to implement a law.6. Act - 法案An act is a formal written record of a decision made by a legislative body. Acts can be used to create new laws or modify existing ones.7. Legal system - 法律体系A legal system is a framework of rules, institutions, and procedures within which disputes are resolved and laws are made and enforced.8. Court - 法院A court is a governmental body with authority to resolve legal disputes.Courts apply the law to make decisions and judgments.9. Judge - 法官A judge is a public official who presides over court proceedings and makes decisions based on the law.10. Jury - 陪审团A jury is a group of citizens who are chosen to hear evidence and decide the outcome of a trial.11. Defendant - 被告A defendant is a person or entity that is accused of committing a crime or is being sued in a civil case.12. Plaintiff - 原告A plaintiff is a person or entity that brings a lawsuit against another party in a civil case.13. Prosecutor - 检察官A prosecutor is a lawyer who represents the government in criminal cases and is responsible for presenting the case against the defendant.14. Attorney - 律师An attorney is a person who is qualified and licensed to practice law, and is responsible for providing legal advice and representation to clients.15. Evidence - 证据Evidence is any information or material that is presented in court to prove or disprove a fact or issue in a case.16. Testimony - 证词Testimony is the oral or written statement given by a witness under oath in a court proceeding.17. Contract - 合同A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties that creates rights and obligations.18. Tort - 侵权行为A tort is a civil wrong that causes harm or loss to another person, and can result in a legal liability.19. Liability - 责任Liability refers to legal responsibility for one's actions or omissions that cause harm to others.20. Damages - 损害赔偿Damages are monetary compensation awarded by a court to a party who hassuffered harm or loss as a result of another's actions.21. Intellectual property - 知识产权Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind such as inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols, names, and designs that are protected by law.22. Copyright - 版权Copyright is a legal protection that gives the creator of an original work the exclusive right to reproduce, distribute, and display the work.23. Trademark - 商标A trademark is a distinctive sign or symbol that is used to identify and distinguish goods or services of one party from those of others.24. Patent - 专利A patent is a government grant that gives inventors the exclusive right to make, use, and sell their inventions for a limited period of time.25. Constitutional law - 宪法法律Constitutional law refers to the body of law that deals with theinterpretation and application of a country's constitution.26. Civil law - 民法Civil law refers to the body of law that governs private disputes between individuals or organizations.27. Criminal law - 刑法Criminal law refers to the body of law that deals with crimes and the punishment of those who commit them.28. International law - 国际法International law refers to the body of rules and principles that govern the relations between states and international organizations.29. Human rights - 人权Human rights are fundamental rights and freedoms that every individual is entitled to, regardless of their nationality, race, gender, or other characteristics.30. Constitutional rights - 宪法权利Constitutional rights are the rights and freedoms guaranteed to individuals by a country's constitution, which serve as the foundation for the legal protection of citizens.31. Due process - 正当程序Due process refers to the fair and impartial treatment of individuals within the legal system, ensuring that their rights are protected and upheld throughout legal proceedings.32. Legal precedent - 法律先例Legal precedent refers to a previously decided case that serves as a guiding principle or authority in subsequent similar cases, providing a basis forlegal interpretation and decision-making.33. Rule of law - 法治The rule of law is the principle that all individuals, including government officials, are subject to and equal before the law, ensuring accountability, fairness, and justice in society.34. Judicial review - 司法审查Judicial review is the power of a court to review and evaluate the constitutionality and legality of laws, regulations, and governmental actions.35. Legal counsel - 法律顾问Legal counsel refers to the advice and representation provided by a lawyer or legal professional to individuals, businesses, or organizations in legal matters.36. Legal ethics - 法律道德Legal ethics are the professional standards and principles that govern the conduct and behavior of lawyers, ensuring integrity, confidentiality, and loyalty to clients.37. Mediation - 调解Mediation is a form of alternative dispute resolution in which a neutral third party facilitates communication and negotiation between conflicting parties to help them reach a mutually acceptable agreement.38. Arbitration - 仲裁Arbitration is a method of resolving disputes outside of court, where aneutral third party, called an arbitrator, reviews the evidence and makes a binding decision.39. Legal research - 法律研究Legal research involves the systematic investigation and analysis of legal principles, statutes, regulations, and cases to support legal arguments and provide accurate legal advice.40. Legal writing - 法律写作Legal writing refers to the clear and concise communication of legal information, including legal opinions, contracts, briefs, and other legal documents, in a manner that is easily understood by the intended audience.41. Legal interpretation - 法律解释Legal interpretation is the process of analyzing and understanding the meaning and intention behind laws, statutes, and legal texts, in order to apply them accurately to specific cases or situations.42. Legal advocacy - 法律倡导Legal advocacy involves representing and defending the interests, rights, and positions of clients in legal proceedings, using persuasive arguments and evidence to support their case.43. Legal education - 法律教育Legal education encompasses the academic study and professional training of individuals aspiring to become lawyers or legal professionals, providing them with the necessary knowledge and skills to practice law.44. Legal system reform - 法律体系改革Legal system reform refers to efforts to improve and update a country's legal system, including its laws, institutions, and procedures, in order to enhance access to justice, efficiency, and fairness.45. Intellectual Property Rights - 知识产权Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) refer to the legal rights granted to individuals or organizations for their creative and innovative works, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, trademarks, and designs. These rights enable creators and innovators to have exclusive control over their creations and prevent others from unauthorized use or exploitation.46. Trade Secret - 商业秘密A trade secret is confidential business information that provides a competitive advantage to its owner. It can include formulas, processes, customer lists, and other valuable information that is not generally known or easily discoverable. Trade secrets are protected by law, and unauthorized acquisition, use, or disclosure of trade secrets can result in legal action.47. Infringement - 侵权Infringement refers to the unauthorized or unlawful use, reproduction, distribution, or display of copyrighted works, trademarks, or otherintellectual property without the permission of the rights holder. Infringement can result in legal consequences, including injunctions, damages, and penalties.48. Fair Use - 合理使用Fair use is a legal doctrine that allows limited use of copyrighted works without the permission of the rights holder, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research. The determination of fair use depends on several factors, including the purpose and character of the use, the nature of the copyrighted work, the amount and substantiality used, and the effect on the potential market for the work.49. Legal Aid - 法律援助Legal aid refers to the provision of free or low-cost legal services to individuals who cannot afford to pay for legal representation. It ensures access to justice for marginalized and disadvantaged individuals and helps balance the scales of justice by providing equal opportunities for legal protection and representation.50. Pro Bono - 免费法律服务Pro bono refers to the provision of legal services voluntarily and without charge by lawyers or law firms to individuals or organizations in need. Pro bono work aims to promote equal access to justice and assist those who cannot afford legal representation.51. Legal Clinic - 法律诊所A legal clinic is a facility or program that provides legal assistance and advice to individuals, usually under the supervision of licensed attorneys or law professors. Legal clinics often serve as training grounds for law students to gain practical experience while offering free or low-cost legal services to underserved communities.52. Confidentiality - 保密Confidentiality is the ethical and legal duty to keep information shared by clients or obtained during the course of legal representation confidential. Lawyers are obligated to protect the privacy and confidentiality of their clients and can face disciplinary action if they disclose privileged or confidential information without authorization.53. Conflict of Interest - 利益冲突A conflict of interest arises when a person, such as a lawyer, has competing personal, professional, or financial interests that could compromise their objectivity, judgment, or loyalty to their client. Lawyers must avoidconflicts of interest and, if they arise, disclose them to the client and take appropriate measures to address them.54. Legal Precedent - 法律先例Legal precedent, also known as case law, refers to the past decisions of higher courts that establish binding legal principles and interpretation of the law. Lower courts are generally bound to follow the precedent set by higher courts unless there are compelling reasons to depart from it.55. Legal System Hierarchy - 法律体系层级Legal systems often have a hierarchical structure, with different levels of courts and judicial authorities. Generally, the hierarchy starts with trial courts or district courts at the lowest level, followed by appellate courts or high courts, and ultimately the highest court, such as a supreme court or constitutional court, which has the final authority to interpret and apply the law.56. Legal Dispute Resolution - 法律纠纷解决Legal dispute resolution refers to the methods and processes used to resolve conflicts and disputes between parties, including negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and litigation. Different dispute resolution mechanisms offer varying degrees of formality, cost, flexibility, and finality, allowingparties to choose the most suitable approach for their specific circumstances.57. Legal Liability - 法律责任Legal liability is the legal responsibility or obligation to compensate someone for harm or loss resulting from one's actions or omissions. It can arise from various areas of law, such as tort law, contract law, or criminallaw, and may involve civil or criminal liability depending on the nature of the offense.58. Legal Reform - 法律改革Legal reform refers to deliberate and systematic changes made to improve and update the legal system and its processes. Legal reform aims to address shortcomings, enhance access to justice, promote fairness and efficiency, and adapt the law to social, economic, and technological developments in order to better serve the needs of society.59. Legal Compliance - 法律合规Legal compliance refers to the adherence and conformity to applicable laws, regulations, and legal requirements. Individuals, businesses, and organizations must ensure that their activities and operations comply with the law to avoid legal penalties, reputational damage, and other adverse consequences.60. Legal Due Diligence - 法律尽职调查Legal due diligence involves the careful examination, investigation, and assessment of legal risks and obligations associated with a particular transaction, investment, or business activity. Legal due diligence aims to identify and mitigate potential legal issues, liabilities, or regulatory compliance problems that could impact the outcome or viability of the transaction or activity.以上是一些常见的英语法律词汇汇总,这些词汇的掌握对于从事法律领域工作的人员来说非常重要。
法律英语词汇大全

法律英语词汇大全法律在现代社会中扮演着重要的角色,而法律英语作为一门专门的语言学科,具有其自身的特点和词汇体系。
本文将为您提供一份法律英语词汇大全,帮助您更好地理解和运用法律英语。
一、合同(Contracts)1. Offer(要约)- An expression of willingness to enter into a contractual agreement.2. Acceptance(接受)- The act of agreeing to the terms of an offer made by another party.3. Consideration(对价)- Something of value exchanged for the promise of another party in a contract.4. Breach(违约)- The failure to fulfill the terms of a contract withouta legitimate excuse.5. Termination(终止)- The ending or cancellation of a contract by the parties involved.6. Damages(损害赔偿)- The monetary compensation awarded to a party who suffers harm as a result of a breach of contract.7. Force Majeure(不可抗力)- An unforeseeable and uncontrollable event that prevents the fulfillment of contractual obligations.8. Assignment(转让)- The transfer of rights and obligations under a contract from one party to another.9. Non-performance(不履行义务)- The failure to fulfill contractual responsibilities.10. Confidentiality(保密性)- The requirement to keep certain information obtained during the course of a contract confidential.二、法院和司法程序(Courts and Judicial Procedures)1. Plaintiff(原告)- The party who initiates a lawsuit by filing a complaint in court.2. Defendant(被告)- The party against whom the lawsuit is filed and who must respond to the complaint.3. Trial(审判)- A formal legal proceeding in court in which evidence is presented and a decision is reached.4. Evidence(证据)- The information presented in court to support or refute a claim.5. Witness(证人)- A person who provides testimony under oath in court.6. Verdict(裁决)- The decision reached by the judge or jury in a trial.7. Appeal(上诉)- The process of asking a higher court to review and overturn a decision made by a lower court.8. Jurisdiction(管辖权)- The authority of a court to hear and decide a specific type of case.9. Subpoena(传票)- A legal document that requires a person to appear in court or produce evidence.10. Contempt of Court(蔑视法庭)- Behavior that disrespects or obstructs the functioning of a court, punishable by fines or imprisonment.三、知识产权(Intellectual Property)1. Patent(专利)- An exclusive right granted to an inventor to protect their invention from being used, made, or sold by others.2. Trademark(商标)- A distinctive sign or symbol that identifies and distinguishes the goods or services of one party from those of others.3. Copyright(版权)- The exclusive rights granted to authors, artists, and other creators to protect their original works.4. Infringement(侵权)- The unauthorized use or reproduction of intellectual property protected by law.5. Licensing(许可证)- The process of granting permission to use intellectual property to another party.6. Trade Secret(商业秘密)- Confidential information that provides a competitive advantage to its owner and is protected from disclosure.7. Royalties(专利权使用费)- Payments made to the owner of intellectual property for the use or sale of their rights.8. Fair Use(合理使用)- The limited use of copyrighted material without the permission of the copyright holder, typically for purposes such as criticism, commentary, or education.9. Anti-counterfeiting(反盗版)- Measures taken to prevent the unauthorized production, distribution, and sale of counterfeit goods.10. Infringement Notice(侵权通知)- A formal notice sent to an alleged infringer of intellectual property rights, demanding that they cease their infringing activities.这份法律英语词汇大全涵盖了合同、法院和司法程序以及知识产权等方面的关键词汇,能够帮助您更好地理解和运用法律英语。
法律英语常用词汇大全

查阅法条 source legal provisions
产权转让 conveyancing
出差 go on errand; go on a business trip
出国深造 further study abroad
出具律师意见书 providing legal opinion
出示的证据 exhibit
出庭 appear in court
传票 summons; subpoena
答辩状 answer; reply
代理词 representation
代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate
裁决书 award(用于仲裁)
裁决书 verdict(用于陪审团)
采信的证据 admitted evidence; established evidence
草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests
司法建议书 judicial advise
司法局 Judicial Bureau
司法局副局长 deputy director of Judicial Bureau
司法局局长 director of Judicial Bureau
司法统一考试 uniform judicial exam
劳改场 reform-through-labor farm; prison farm
利害关系人 interested party; party in interest
律管处处长 director of lawyer control department
法律英语词汇大全

法律英语词汇大全在法律领域,理解和掌握法律英语词汇是非常重要的。
本文将为您提供一个全面的法律英语词汇大全,以帮助您更好地理解和应用法律英语。
一、法律系统与机构1. Legal system - 法律体系2. Judiciary - 司法机关3. Court - 法院4. Judge - 法官5. Lawyer/attorney - 律师/律师6. Prosecutor - 检察官7. Plaintiff - 原告8. Defendant - 被告9. Jury - 陪审团10. Witness - 证人二、合同法1. Contract - 合同2. Offer - 供应3. Acceptance - 接受4. Consideration - 对价5. Mutual assent - 相互同意6. Breach of contract - 违约7. Performance - 履行8. Termination - 终止9. Damages - 损害赔偿三、刑法1. Crime - 犯罪2. Offense - 违反3. Felony - 重罪4. Misdemeanor - 轻罪5. Homicide - 杀人罪6. Robbery - 抢劫罪7. Theft - 盗窃罪8. Assault - 袭击罪9. Burglary - 入室盗窃罪10. Arson - 纵火罪四、知识产权1. Intellectual property - 知识产权2. Patent - 专利3. Trademark - 商标4. Copyright - 版权5. Infringement - 侵权6. Royalties - 版权使用费五、公司法1. Corporation - 公司2. Shareholder - 股东3. Board of directors - 董事会4. Corporate governance - 公司治理5. Merger - 合并6. Acquisition - 收购7. IPO (Initial Public Offering) - 首次公开发行六、国际法1. International law - 国际法2. Treaty - 条约3. Diplomacy - 外交4. Sovereignty - 主权5. Human rights - 人权6. United Nations - 联合国7. World Trade Organization - 世界贸易组织七、家庭法1. Family law - 家庭法2. Divorce - 离婚3. Child custody - 子女抚养权4. Alimony - 赡养费5. Prenuptial agreement - 婚前协议6. Domestic violence - 家庭暴力八、地产法1. Property law - 房地产法2. Real estate - 房地产3. Landlord - 房东4. Tenant - 租户5. Lease agreement - 租赁协议6. Eviction - 驱逐九、金融法1. Financial law - 金融法2. Banking - 银行业3. Insurance - 保险4. Securities - 证券5. Insider trading - 内幕交易6. Money laundering - 洗钱十、法律程序1. Legal procedure - 法律程序2. Jurisdiction - 司法管辖权3. Due process - 正当程序4. Statute of limitations - 诉讼时效5. Appeal - 上诉6. Habeas corpus - 人身保护令总结:本文提供了一个全面的法律英语词汇大全,包含了法律体系与机构、合同法、刑法、知识产权、公司法、国际法、家庭法、地产法、金融法以及法律程序等方面的常用词汇。
法律英语词汇汇总

law / lR:/ 法律draft / dra:ft/ 法案,草案bill / bil/ 议案clause / klR:z/ 条款legislation / ledVis5leiFEn/ 立法legal / 5li:gl/ 合法的,依法的法律英语词汇汇总(二)abolish / E5bRliF/ 废止,取消prescription / pris5kripFEn/ 剥夺公权judge / dVQdV/ 法官jury / 5dVuEri/ 陪审团lawyer / 5lR:jE/ 律师,法律顾问attorney / E5tE:ni/ 代诉人,代理人法律英语词汇汇总(三)inquiry / in5kwaiEri/ 询问,调查hearing / 5hiEriN/ 审讯,审问summary / 5sQmEri/ 速审examination / igzAmi5neiFEn/ 讯问,质问evidence / 5evidEns/ 证据arrest / E5rest/ 逮捕法律英语词汇汇总(四)responsibility / rispRnsE5biliti/ 责任liability / laiE5biliti/ 责任sue / sju:/ 起诉,提起公诉action / 5AkFEn/ 诉讼claim / kleim/ 诉讼cause / kR:z/ 诉讼,案件法律英语词汇汇总(五)suit / sju:t/ 诉讼,案件complaint / kEm5pleint/ 控告,申诉justice / 5dVQstis/ 审判judge / dVQdV/ 审理,审判trial / 5traiEl/ 审理plead / pli:d/ 辩护claim / kleim/ 辩护plea / pli:/ 辩护evidence / 5evidEns/ 证词charge / tFa:dV/ 公诉书,刑事起诉书proof / pru:f/ 证据,证词evidence / 5evidEns/ 证据,证词法律英语词汇汇总(七)dock / dRk/ 被告席sentence / 5sentEns/ 宣判,判决convict / kEn5vikt, 5kRnvikt/ 囚犯,罪犯appeal / E5pi:l/ 上诉crime / kraim/ 犯法offence / E5fens/ 违法(美作:offense)法律英语词汇汇总(八)criminal / 5kriminl/ 罪犯attempt / E5tempt/ 未遂罪threat / Wret/ 恐吓menace / 5menEs/ 恐吓murder / 5mE:dE/ 暗杀,行刺plot / plRt/ 结伙阴谋,共谋法律英语词汇汇总(九)theft / Weft/ 盗窃fraud / frR:d/ 欺诈penalty / 5penlti/ 处罚prison / 5prizn/ 监狱(美作:jail)prisoner / 5priznE/ 囚犯gaol / dVeil/ 监狱(美作:jail)fine / fain/ 罚款法律英语词汇汇总(十)allowance / E5lauEns/ 抚养费heir / ZE/ 继承人lease / li:s/ 租约tutor / 5tju:tE/ 监护人transfer / trAns5fE:/ 转让guardian / 5ga:djEn/ 监护人assignment / E5sainmEnt/ 转让file / fail/ 文件will / wil/ 遗嘱地方人民检察院Local People's Procuratorate毒品罪narcotic drug crime二审法院Court of Second Instance发回重审remand a lawsuit for a new trial调解书mediation agreement法律law蠟♀筆♂小新2008-08-21 16:40基层人民法院basic People’s Court羁押期限term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住living at home under surveillance监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure鉴定结论expert conclusion经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice 纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所detention house举报information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a court session开庭通知notice of court session勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可执行财产executable property控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings控诉证据incriminating evidence控诉职能accusation function扣押distrain on; attachment扣押物distress/distraint宽限期period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication律师事务所law office; law firm律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police盗窃枪支crime of stealing firearms and ammunition盗窃武器装备theft of military equipment道真仡佬族苗族自治县Daozheng Mulao Nationality Autonomous County 得到证实to be believed得利者beneficiary抵触contravene抵押mortgage抵押品pledge抵押物mortgage地方人民检察院Local People's Procuratorate地役权easement第二审判庭second tribunal第三者the third party第一审判庭first tribunal典当物pledge调查investigation调查报告investigation调查取证investigate and collect evidence调解mediate调解和强制措施mediation and enforcement measure调解书mediation agreement调解书字号Written Mediation No.订货合同卡片 a card of contract订立formation定案结论verdict定案理由reason for decision定金deposit定期减免所得税regular reduction of income tax定性determination on the nature丢弃waive东北人民政府Northeast People's Government东乡族自治县Dongxiang Nationality Autonomous County 董事会board of directors动机intention, motive冻干健康人血浆frozen dry healthy human blood冻干血浆frozen dry blood plasma冻结freeze, suspend都安瑶族自治县Duan Yao Nationality Autonomous County毒品罪narcotic drug crime渎职罪crime of dereliction of duty独立的不法行为independent wrong独立个案individual cases独立核算工业企业independent accounting unit独立请求书independent claim独立审判independent adjudication断绝cease提出具体意见submit detailed opinions on对等原则principle of reciprocity对等原则并参照国际惯例the principle of reciprocity and in reference to the international practice对合同词句应当按照事情是有效的而不是无效的来理解verba ita sunt intelligenda ut res magis valeat guam pareat对金钱借贷的规定regulations of money lending对滥用职权的法律补救legal remedy for abuses of power对立的一方opposite party对令状的发出作确认acknowledge the issue of the writ对上诉抗辩oppose an appeal对书面文件的词句应当按照对提出词句的当事人尤为不利的原则来解释verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem对外经济法律顾问处Foreign Economic Legal Consultancy Office对外经济律师事务所foreign trade law firm对外经济贸易仲裁委员会Foreign Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic对物诉讼令状writ in rem对帐reconcile, reconciliation多边公约multilateral convention多边国际公约multi-latreal international conventions多分 a larger share多头long position, bull position多头仲裁multiple arbitration多于一名人士 2 or more persons多元立法体制plural legislative structure多元主义pluralism峨边彝族自治县Ebian Yi Nationality Autonomous County恩施土家族苗族自治县Enshi Tujia Nationality Miao Nationality Autonomous County恩恤付款ex gratia payment二审second instance二审裁定书order of second instance二审法院Court of Second Instance二审判决书written order of Second Instance二者只能择其一the inclusion of one is the exclusion of the other发回重审remand a lawsuit for a new trial发货人consignor, shipper发生法律效力be legally effective发现discovery发行审核委员会the Issuance Examination Commission发展规划development planLesson Two Legal Profession1. 法律职业/律师职业the bar法官职业the bench2. 律师协会 The Bar Association3. (律师)执业 practice law4. 执业律师 practicing lawyer5. 出庭辩护/代理诉讼advocacy6. 法律咨询 counselling7. 法律文件的起草drafting of legal instruments8. 法律文件legal instruments9. 单独执业者single/individual practitionre10. 合伙关系partnership11. 薪水律师 salaried lawyer12. 律师业务law practice13. 专职法律顾问 house counsel/corporate counsel(公司或团体法律顾问)14.辩护人/律师advocate15. 私人开业 private practice16. 州检察官/律师 state prosecutor/state attorney17. 地区检察官/律师 district attorney18. 起诉检察官/公诉律师prosecuting attorney19. 检察系统prosecutorial system20. 联邦检察官federal prosecutor21. 地方检察官local prosecutor22. 助理检察官assistant prosecutor23. 检察行业 prosecutorial profession24. 个人尊严the integrity of the individual25. 机会均等equality of opportunity26. 职业道德规范ethics codes27. 听证会hearings28. 社区法律服务community legal services29. 单人开业solo practice30. 律师/法律工作者attorney/attorney-at-law/counsellor/counsellor-at -law31. 律师(英国) barrister/solicitor1. 法律博士 Juris Doctor(JD)我国现称“法律硕士”并有新名“Juris Master(JM)2. 法学硕士 Master of Laws(LLM)3. 法学博士 Doctor of Juridical Science(SJD)4. 法律文书写作 legal writing5. 批评性思维 critical thinking6. 案例教学法 case method7. 苏格拉底式教学法 socratic method8. 讲演式教学法lecture method9. 美国律师协会认可的法学院 ABA accredited law schools10. 案情摘要briefs11. 模拟法庭 moot court12. 模拟审判 mock trial13. 课程指南 curriculum guide14. 刑事司法 criminal justice15. 自由资本主义 laissez faireLesson One Legal System1. 公诉制度 public prosecution2. 普通法系 common law legal system3. 判例法case law4. 成文法(制定法) written law (statutory law)5. 遵从前例 stare decisis6. 判例汇编 reports7. 有约束力的法律解释binding interpretation8. 法学方法论 legal methodology9. 颁布•••为法律be decreed10. 巡回法官itinerant judges11. 英国皇家法院 English Royal Court12. 令状,法院令状writ13. 诉讼请求的强制执行 enforcement of a claim14. 追诉权 recourse15. 牛津条例Provision of Oxford16. 本案令状writ upon the case17. 诉讼行为forms of action18. 衡平法 equity law19. 公平且善良 ex aequo bono20. 特定履行(实际履行)方式之救济relief in the form of specific performance21. 大法官法院 Court of Chancery22. 补偿性损害赔偿金 compensatory damages23. 强制令the injunction24. 衡平法准则 maxims of equity law25. 法律概念 legal concept26. 不动产real property/ real estate/ immovable property/ realty27. 民事诉讼 civil suit28. 衡平法院 Chancery Court29. 财产法上的所有权分割 division of title in the law of property30. 先例 precedents31. 普通法系the Common Law Legal Family/ the English Law Legal Family/ the English-American Law Legal Family32. 大陆法系 the Roman Law Legal Family/ the Civil Law Legal Family/ the Continental Law Legal Family33. 五月花号公约the Mayflower Compact34. 制宪会议 the Const itutional Convention。
提高阅读能力法律英语词汇大全

提高阅读能力法律英语词汇大全在学习法律英语时,积累并熟练掌握相关的法律英语词汇是提高阅读能力的关键。
下面将为大家提供一份法律英语词汇大全,帮助大家在法律英语阅读中更加游刃有余。
一、常见法律英语词汇1. Law: 法律2. Legal: 合法的3. Act: 法案4. Statute: 法规5. Regulation: 规章6. Code: 法典7. Constitution: 宪法8. Court: 法院9. Judge: 法官10. Attorney: 律师11. Plaintiff: 原告12. Defendant: 被告13. Trial: 审判14. Appeal: 上诉15. Evidence: 证据16. Witness: 证人17. Verdict: 判决18. Sentence: 判决19. Crime: 犯罪20. Guilty: 有罪21. Innocent: 无罪22. Jury: 陪审团23. Bail: 保释24. Arrest: 逮捕25. Sentence: 判决26. Plaintiff: 原告27. Defendant: 被告28. Tort: 侵权行为29. Contract: 合同30. Agreement: 协议二、合同法律英语词汇1. Offer: 出价2. Acceptance: 接受3. Consideration: 酬劳4. Capacity: 能力5. Legality: 合法性6. Breach: 违约7. Termination: 终止8. Damages: 赔偿9. Indemnification: 补偿10. Non-disclosure: 保密11. Force majeure: 不可抗力12. Arbitration: 仲裁13. Governing Law: 管辖法律14. Counteroffer: 还盘15. Execution: 履行三、刑事法律英语词汇1. Murder: 谋杀2. Manslaughter: 杀人未遂3. Robbery: 抢劫4. Burglary: 入室盗窃5. Theft: 盗窃6. Fraud: 欺诈7. Kidnapping: 绑架8. Assault: 袭击9. Battery: 伤害10. Arson: 纵火11. Embezzlement: 挪用公款12. Forgery: 伪造13. Bribery: 贿赂14. Drug trafficking: 贩毒15. Money laundering: 洗钱四、民事法律英语词汇1. Breach of contract: 违约3. Negligence: 过失4. Defamation: 诽谤5. Libel: 诽谤(书面)6. Slander: 诽谤(口头)7. Damages: 赔偿8. Injunction: 禁令9. Unjust enrichment: 不当得利10. Property: 财产11. Title: 所有权12. Lease: 租约13. Lien: 留置权14. Trust: 托管15. Guardianship: 监护五、知识产权法律英语词汇1. Patent: 专利2. Trademark: 商标4. Infringement: 侵权5. Royalty: 版权使用费6. Intellectual Property: 知识产权7. Trade secret: 商业秘密8. Piracy: 盗版六、国际法律英语词汇1. Sovereignty: 主权2. Treaty: 条约3. Diplomacy: 外交4. Sanction: 制裁5. Dispute: 争议6. International Court of Justice: 国际法院7. Human Rights: 人权8. Immigration: 移民9. Visa: 签证10. Extradition: 引渡以上是法律英语词汇的一些常见分类及词汇,希望能够对大家提高阅读能力有所帮助。
法学考研必备——法律英语单词汇总

法学考研必备——法律英语单词汇总1. Abandon [ə'bændən]:放弃2. Abduction [æb'dʌkʃən]:绑架3. Accessory [ək'sesəri]:从犯4. Acquittal [ə'kwitl]:无罪判决5. Adjudication [ə,dʒudi'keiʃən]:裁决6. Affidavit [æfə'deivət]:宣誓书7. Agency ['eidʒənsi]:代理关系8. Appeal [ə'pi:l]:上诉9. Arbitration [ˌɑ:bɪ'treɪʃn]:仲裁10. Arrest [ə'rest]:逮捕11. Arson ['ɑ:sən]:纵火罪12. Assault [ə'sɔ:lt]:袭击13. Bankruptcy ['bæŋkrʌptsi]:破产14. Bona fide [ˌbəʊnə'faɪdi]:真实的15. Bribe [braib]:贿赂16. Capital punishment ['kæpətl 'pʌniʃmənt]:死刑17. Case [keis]:案件18. Civil law ['sɪvəl lɔ]:民法19. Claim [kleim]:要求20. Class action [klæs 'ækʃən]:集体诉讼23. Confidential ['kɔnfɪ'denʃl]:机密的24. Consent [kən'sent]:同意25. Consideration [kənˌsɪdə'reɪʃən]:对价26. Constitution [ˌkɔnstɪ'tʊʃən]:宪法27. Contract ['kɔntrækt]:合同28. Contrary ['kɔntrəri]:相反的29. Conviction [kən'vikʃən]:定罪30. Corroborating [kə'rɔbəreitiŋ]:证实的31. Court ['kɔ:rt]:法院32. Crime [kraim]:犯罪33. Criminal ['krɪmɪnəl]:犯罪的34. Damages ['dæmidʒiz]:损害赔偿35. Defendant [di'fendənt]:被告36. Defense [di'fens]:辩护37. Deposition [,depə'ziʃən]:证词38. Detention [dɪ'tenʃən]:拘留39. Disbarment [dɪs'bɑ:rmənt]:取消律师资格40. Discrimination [dɪɪskrɪmə'neɪʃən]:歧视41. Docket ['dɑkɪt]:案卷42. Due process [dju: 'prəʊses]:正当程序43. Eminent domain ['emɪnənt də'mein]:征用44. Enforce [ɪn'fɔ:s]:强制执行45. Evidence ['evɪdəns]:证据46. Extradition [ˌekstrə'dɪʃən]:引渡47. Felony ['feləni]:重罪48. Forfeit ['fɔ:fit]:没收49. Fraud [frɔ:d]:欺诈50. Guilty ['ɡɪlti]:有罪的51. Habeas corpus ['heibiəs 'kɔ:pəs]:人身保护令52. Hearing ['hɪərɪŋ]:听证会53. Immunity [ɪ'mju:nəti]:豁免权54. Indemnify [ɪn'dɛmnəˌfaɪ]:赔偿55. Indictment [ɪn'daɪtmənt]:起诉56. Injunction [ɪn'dʒʌŋkʃən]:禁令57. Judgment ['dʒʌdʒmənt]:判决58. Jurisdiction [,dʒurɪs'dɪkʃən]:管辖权59. Jus primae noctis [dʒʌs praimiː 'nɒktis]:初夜权60. Jury ['dʒʊəri]:陪审团61. Justice ['dʒʌstɪs]:公正62. Law ['lɔ:]:法律63. Lien ['li:ən]:留置权64. Litigation [ˌlɪtɪ'ɡeɪʃən]:诉讼65. Malfeasance [mæl'fi:zns]:渎职66. Manslaughter ['mænˌslɔ:tər]:过失杀人67. Negligence ['neɡlɪdʒəns]:过失68. Oath [əʊθ]:誓言69. Objection [əb'dʒekʃən]:异议70. Offender [ə'fendər]:犯罪者71. Ordinance ['ɔ:rdinəns]:法规72. Parole [pə'roʊl]:假释73. Pardon ['pɑrdn]:赦免74. Perjury ['pɜrdʒəri]:伪证罪75. Petit jury [ˈpɛti dʒʊəri]:陪审团76. Plaintiff ['pleɪntɪf]:原告77. Plea [pli:]:答辩78. Precedent ['prisɪdənt]:先例79. Preliminary [priː'limɪneri]:初步的80. Probate ['probeit]:遗嘱认证81. Pro bono ['proʊˈboʊnoʊ]:免费的82. Prosecutor ['prɑsɪˌkjuːtər]:检察官83. Racketeering [ˌrækɪ'tiəriŋ]:敲诈勒索84. Rape [reɪp]:强奸85. Rebuttal [ri'bʌtl]:反驳86. Reasonable ['riznəbl]:合理的87. Rebuttable [rɪ'bʌtəbəl]:可辩驳的88. Sentence ['sen(t)əns]:判决89. Smuggling ['smʌɡlɪŋ]:走私90. Statute ['stæčut]:法令91. Subpoena [sə'pinə]:传票92. Summons ['sʌmənz]:传票93. Testimony ['testə'məʊnɪ]:证词94. Tort [tɔːrt]:侵权行为95. Trial ['traɪəl]:审判96. Trustee [ˌtrʌ'sti:]:受托人97. Unconstitutional [ˌʌnkɒnstɪ'tjuʃənl]:违宪的98. Verdict ['vɜrdɪkt]:裁定99. Victim ['vɪktɪm]:受害者。
法律英语词汇三篇

法律英语词汇三篇篇一:英语词汇一、法律类1.单词Aacceptance /ək septəns/ n. 受理accusation /ækju(:)zeiʃən/ n. 检举accused /əkju:zd/ n. 被告acquit / əkwit/ v. 宣告…无罪acquittal / əkwitl/ n. 宣告无罪action / ækʃən / n. 诉讼adjourn /ədʒə:n/ v. (使)休庭agent /eidʒənt/ n. 代理人alibi /ælibai/ n. 不在现场证明allegation /æli eiʃən/ n. 声称amnesty /æmnesti/ n. 大赦appeal /əpi:l/ n. 上诉appearance /əpiərəns/ n. 投案appellant /əpelənt/ n. 上诉人arbitration /ɑ:bi treiʃən/ n. 仲裁assault /əsɔ:lt/ n. 殴打attachment /ətætʃmənt/ n. 扣押Bbail /beil/ v.&n. 保释,保释金bailiff /beilif/ n. 法警bankruptcy /bæŋkrʌpsi/ n. 破产bigamy /biɡəmi/ n. 重婚binding /baindiŋ/ a. 有约束力的bribery /braibəri/ n. 贿赂Ccase /keis/ n. 案件charge /tʃɑ:dʒ/ v. 扺押citizen /sitizən/ n. 公民collaborate /kəlæbəreit/ v. 串通commit /kəmit/ v. 犯罪confess /kən fes/ v. 承认,供认conspire /kən spaiə/ v. 合谋contract /kɔntrækt/ n. 合约conveyancing /kən veiənsiŋ/ n. 产权转让convict /kən vikt/ v.& n. 宣判有罪,犯人court /kɔ:t/ n. 法院creditor /kreditə/ n. 债权人crime /kraim/ n. 犯罪custody /kʌstədi/ n. 监护(权),关押Ddecree /di kri:/ n. 法令deed /di:d/ n. 契据defamation /defəmeiʃən/ n. 诽谤defendant /di fendənt/ n .被告defender /di fendə/ n. 辩护人defense /di fens/ n. 辩护deposit /di pɔzit/ n. 定金determination /di tə:mi neiʃən/ n. 判决determine /dis tʃɑ:dʒ/ v. 解除discharge /dis tʃɑ:dʒ/ v. 清偿Eevidence /evidəns/ n. 证据execution /eksi kju:ʃən/ n. 依法处决Fforthwith /fɔ:θwiθ/ ad. 立即freeze /fri:z/ v. 冻结Gguarantor /ɡærən tɔ:/ n. 担保人Hhearing /hiəriŋ/ n. 听证会Iidentification /ai dentifi keiʃən/ n. 鉴定illegal /i li:ɡəl/ a. 非法indictment /in daitmənt/ n. 控告infringement /in frindʒmənt/ n. 侵犯权利instigate /instiɡeit/ v. 教唆intention /in tenʃən/ n. 动机Jjaywalk /dʒeiwɔ:k/ v. 违规穿越马路judge /dʒʌdʒ/ n. 法官judgement /dʒʌdʒmənt/ n. 判决juror /dʒuərə/ n. 陪审员jury /dʒuəri/ n. 陪审团Llapse /læps/ n. 失去时效lawsuit /lɔ:sju:t/ n. 诉讼legitimate /li dʒitimit/ a. 合法的lien /li:ən/ n. 留置权,扣押权litigant /litiɡənt/ n. 诉讼当事人litigate /litiɡeit/ v. 提出诉讼litigation /litiɡeiʃən/ n. 诉讼Mmaintenance /meintinəns/ n. 扶养费mediate /mi:dieit/ vi. 调解medicolegal /medikəu li:ɡəl/ n. 法医misconduct /mis kɔndʌkt/ n. 失职行为mortgage /mɔ:ɡidʒ/ n. 抵押借款motive /məutiv/ n. 动机Ooffender /əfendə/ n. 犯罪分子omission /əu miʃən/ n. 不作为order /ɔ:də/ n. 裁定overdraft /əuvədrɑ:ft/ n. 透支overrule /əuvəru:l/ v. 推翻Ppardon /pɑ:dən/ v. 赦免parole /pərəul/ n. 假释party /pɑ:ti/ n. 合约一方patent /peitənt/ n. 专利,专利权perjury /pə:dʒəri/ n. 伪证plaintiff /pleintif/ n. 原告pledge /pledʒ/ n. 抵押品procurator /prɔkjuəreitə/ n. 检察官procuratorate /prɔkjuəreitərit/ n. 检察院property /prɔpəti/ n. 产权prosecute /prɔsikju:t/ v. 起诉Qquantum /kwɔntəm/ n. 赔偿金额Rrecess /ri ses/ n. 休庭reconciliation /rekənsili eiʃən/ n. 和解remand /ri mɑ:nd/ n.&v. 案件发回remorse /ri mɔ:s/ n. 悔改reply /ri plai/ n. 批复report /ri pɔ:t/ v. 举报restitution /resti tju:ʃən/ n. 返还原主resume /ri zju:m/ v. 恢复ruling /ru:liŋ/ n. 裁决Sseal /si:l/ n. 印章search /sə:tʃ/ n&v. 搜查seize /si:z/ v. 缴获sentence /sentəns/ n. 判决service /sə:vis/ v. 送达smuggle /smʌɡl/ v. 走私speeding /spi:diŋ/ n. 超速successor /sək sesə/ n. 继承人sue /sju:/ v. 起诉summon /sʌmən/ n.&v. 传票,传唤surveillance /sə:veiləns/ n. 监视Ttestify /testifai/ v. 做证trespass /trespəs/ v. 侵越trust /trʌst/ n. 信托Uunassisted /ʌnəsistid/ a. 不予支持的Vverify /verifai/ v. 核实victim /viktim/ n. 被害人violate /vaiəleit/ v. 触犯void /vɔid/ a. 不具有法律效力的Wwarranty /wɔrənti/ n. 保证will / wil/ n. 遗嘱withdrawal /wiðdrɔ:əl/ n. 撤回2.词组:absolute discharge无条件释放accessory penalties附加刑act under the law法律行为actus reus犯罪行为administrative proceedings行政诉讼admitted evidence采信的证据affirm defence 积极的抗辩agency hearing 听证会agent ad litem诉讼代理人appear in court出庭approval of arrest批准逮捕arrestable offence可逮捕的罪行assembly and association集会结社breach of contract不履行合同burden of proof举证责任capital punishment极刑chief judge of a tribunal法庭庭长chief justice首席大法官chief procurator首席检察官circumstantial evidence旁证civil action民事诉讼civil case民事案件civil tribunal民事审判庭clear up a criminal case破案collegial panel合议庭commit a crime犯罪common law普通法community property夫妻共同财产conclusion of a lawsuit诉讼终止concurren sentence合并判决confession of one’s offence坦白confession to justice自首conspiratorial swindling合谋诈骗contempt of court 藐视法庭罪continental law大陆法court announcement法院公告court clerk书记员court debate法庭辩论court of final appeal终审法院crack down on counterfeit goods打假abducting and trafficking human beings拐卖人口concealing the murder包庇crime of dereliction of duty渎职罪disrupting the order of social administration妨害社会管理秩序drug trafficking贩卖毒品intentional homicide故意杀人intentional injury故意伤害interference with public administration妨害公务selling bogus medicines贩卖假药unlawful detention非法拘禁criminal capacity刑事责任能力criminal case刑事案件criminal detention刑事拘留criminal fine罚金criminal proceedings刑事诉讼criminal suspect犯罪嫌疑人cumulative punishment数罪并罚currency swap套汇de facto marriage事实婚姻death penalty死刑defense attorney辩护律师deprivation of political right剥夺政治权利deputy chief procurator大检察官detention house拘留所dismiss a motion驳回请求domestic litigation国内诉讼driving while intoxicated酒醉后驾驶first offense初犯economic crimes经济犯罪economic law经济法economic tribunal经济审判庭employment contract雇佣合同ex parte单方execution of arrest执行逮捕exemption from criminal penalty免于刑事处分expert conclusion鉴定结论extort bribe索取贿赂false imprisonment非法禁锢filing of a lawsuit起诉final award最后裁决书finding of guilty有罪判决fixed-term imprisonment有期徒刑foreman of jury 陪审团主席forfeiture of property没收财产fugitive criminal逃犯grave circumstances情节严重handle a case办案hit and run肇事后逃离现场illegal business违法经营illegal parking违规停车illegitimate child非婚生子女impose a fine罚款incapacity for act无行为能力incidence of criminal cases发案率incompetent for civil conduct无民事行为能力ineffective act 无效行为initiate legal proceeding打官司institute a public prosecution检控institute a public prosecution提起公诉intellectual property rights知识产权inter parte双方international litigation国际诉讼investigate and collect evidence调查取证joint offence共同犯罪joint property of the spouses夫妻共同所有财产justifiable right正当防卫juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪juvenile prison少管所law of contract合同法law office律师事务所lawyer fee律师费legal aid法律援助legal basis法律依据legal consultants法律顾问legal consulting法律咨询legal guardian法定监护人legal opinions法律意见书legal representative法人代表life imprisonment无期徒刑lighter punishment从轻处罚liquidated damages违约金litigation costs诉讼费litigation fee案件受理费losing party败诉方marriage law婚姻法marriage registration结婚登记material evidence物证mediation agreement调解书mode of court trial庭审方式natural child亲生子女nature of case案由negligent driving不小心驾驶notarial certificate公证书notice of court session开庭通知open a court session开庭审理particulars of offense犯罪事实penal servitude拘役personal property个人财产personnel handling a case办案人员plead guilty认罪plead not guilty不认罪police station派出所possessory title 土地占有权power of attorney委托书preserve evidence证据保全presiding judge审判长proclamation of a person as dead宣告死亡proclamation of a person as missing宣告失踪properties division财产分割property of ownerless无主财产property right in real estate房屋的产权property right财产所有权public hearing公开审理public order公共秩序public security bureau公安局public security officers公安人员public surveillance管制publicsecurity organs公安机关pyramid selling传销reason for decision定案理由reckless driving鲁莽驾驶record of inquest勘验笔录record of interrogation讯问笔录record of investigation调查笔录reduced punishment减轻处罚reject an appeal驳回上诉report a case报案rescind the original judgement 撤销原判residential surveillance监视居住revoke a case placed on file撤销立案right in succession继承权right of disposing处分权roperty relations产权关系seal up查封security administration治安管理security regulations治安条例severe punishment从重处罚special pardon特赦specific performance 强制履行spousal relationship夫妻关系spousal support赡养spreading poison with intent故意投毒statement of case案情陈述书summon by force拘传supplementary civil action附带民事诉讼suspended sentence缓刑suspension of a lawsuit诉讼中止suspension of execution缓期执行sustain the original judgement维持原判take an oath宣誓tax evasion 逃税term in custody羁押期限termination of contract解除合同territorial jurisdiction地区管辖the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving取保候审The Supreme People’s Court最高人民法院The Supreme People’s Procuratorate最高人民检察院time limit provided by law法定期限traffic violation交通违规trial in camera不公开审理trial in public公开审理trial of first instance一审trial of second instance二审unjust enrichment不当得利unjustifiable self-defense防卫过当voluntary surrender to justice自动投案wanted for arrest通缉winning party胜诉方二、环保类1.单词:acidification /əsidifi keiʃən/ n. 酸化a dsorption /æd sɔ:pʃən/ n. 吸附作用aerosol /ɛərəsɔl/ n. 气雾剂afforestation /əfɔris teiʃən/ n. 绿化造林bacterium /bæk tiəriəm/ n. 细菌barren /bærən/ a. 贫瘠的biogas /baiəuɡæs/ n. 沼气carcinogen /kɑ:sinədʒən/ n. 致癌物Celsius /selsjəs/ n. 摄氏的circulation /sə:kju leiʃən/ n. 循环conserve /kən sə:v/ v. 保护contaminate /kən tæmineit/ v. 弄脏decibel /desibel/ n. 分贝deforestation /di fɔris teiʃən/ n. 滥砍滥伐森林degrade /diɡreid/ v. 降解desertification /di zə:tifi keiʃən/ n. 沙漠化deterioration /di tiəriəreiʃən/ n. 恶化drought /draut/ n. 干旱dump /dʌmp/ n. 倾倒ecosystem /i:kəsistəm/ n. 生态系统ecotourism /i:kəu tuərizəm/ n. 生态旅游embankment /im bæŋkmənt/ n. 筑堤epidemic /epi demik/ n. 流行病eutrophication /ju:trɔfi keiʃən/ n. 富营养化extinction /iks tiŋkʃən/ n. 灭绝Fahrenheit /færənhait/ n. 华氏的filter /filtə/ n. 过滤器glacier /ɡlæsjə/ n. 冰川habitat /hæbitæt/ n. 栖息地herbicide /hə:bisaid/ n. 除草剂humidity /hju:miditi/ n. 湿度hurricane /hʌrikən/ n. 飓风irreversible /iri və:səbl/ a. 不可挽回的latitude /lætitju:d/ n. 纬度litter /litə/ n. 废弃物log /lɔɡ/ v. 伐木longitude /lɔndʒitju:d/ n. 经度methane /mi:θein/ n. 甲烷micropollutant /maikrəu pəlu:tənt/ n. 微污染物mining /mainiŋ/ n. 采矿ooze /u:z/ vi. 渗出organism /ɔ:ɡənizəm/ n. 有机物overexploitation /əuvər eksplɔi teiʃən/ n. 过度利用森林ozone /əuzəun/ n. 臭氧pesticide /pestisaid/ n. 杀虫剂photosynthesis /fəutəu sinθəsis/ n. 光合作用poach /pəutʃ/ v. 偷猎poison /pɔizən/ n. 毒物pollutant /pəlu:tənt/ n. 污染物pollution /pəluʃən/ n. 污染precipitation /pri sipi teiʃən/ n. 某地区降雨等的量predator /predətə/ n. 食肉动物prey /prei/ n. 被捕食者prioritize /praiɔritaiz/ v. 优先考虑radiation /reidi eiʃən/ n. 辐射reclaim /ri kleim/ v. 开垦recycling /ri:saikliŋ/ n. 回收release /ri li:s/ v. 释放reuse /ri:ju:z/ v. 再利用revegetation /ri:vedʒi teiʃ/ n. 植被恢复sedimentation /sedimen teiʃən/ n. 沉积seepage /si:pidʒ/ n. 渗漏sewage /sjuidʒ/ n. 污水smog /smɔɡ/ n. 烟雾spillage /spilidʒ/ n. 泄漏toxicity /tɔk sisiti/ n. 毒性toxin /tɔksin/ n. 毒素tragedy /trædʒidi/ n. 灾难transpiration /trænspi reiʃən/ n. 蒸腾作用trash /træʃ/ n. 废物tsunami /tsju:nɑ:mi/ n. 海啸typhoon /tai fu:n/ n. 台风ultraviolet /ʌltrəvaiəlit/ n. 紫外线urbanization /ə:bənai zeiʃən/ n. 城市化vegetation /vedʒi teiʃən/ n. 植物(总称); victim/viktim/ n. 受灾者volcano /vɔl keinəu/ n. 火山waste /weist/ n. 废物2.词组:acid fog酸雾acid rain酸雨acoustic insulation material隔音材料adverse impact不利影响afforested areas绿化面积agricultural wastes农业废物air current气流air pollution concentration空气污染浓度airborne pollution大气污染alternative fuel代用燃料ambient air quality standard环境空气质量标准ambient quality standard环境质量标准Antarctic Circle南极圈Arctic Circle北极圈area pollution区域污染atmospheric absorption大气吸收atmospheric monitoring system大气监测系统atmospheric transport大气输运battery cars电动汽车battery disposal电池处理biological weapons生物武器carbon dioxide二氧化碳carbon monoxide一氧化碳carrying capacity of environment环境负荷centralized treatment plant集中处理厂chemical decontamination化学污染清除chemical weapons化学武器clean energy清洁能源cleaner production清洁生产commercial noise商业噪音composite pollution混合污染constructed wetland人工湿地cooling waters冷却水crop waste作物废物depleted uranium bomb贫铀弹desert locusts沙漠蝗虫disaster clean-up operations灾难清理作业disaster preparedness防灾准备disaster prevention防灾disaster relief灾难救援disposal sites处置场所domestic garbage家庭垃圾drinking water饮用水dust storm 沙尘暴eco-demonstration region生态示范区ecological forest生态林ecological forecasting 生态预报El Nino厄尔尼诺现象electric power plants发电厂emergency relief measures应急减灾措施emergency relief紧急救援emergency shelter应急避难所emission standard排放标准endangered wildlife濒危野生动物energy transformation能源转换energy utilization能源利用enriched uranium浓缩铀environmental accidents环境事故environmental contingency planning环境应急计划environmental degradation环境恶化environmental health hazards环境健康危害environmental impact assessments 环境影响评估environmental awareness环保意识environmental monitoring环境检测environmental sensitive area环境敏感地区environment-friendly agriculture生态农业environment-friendly products环保产品excess reclamation过度开垦exhaust purifier尾气净化器extinct species灭绝的物种fast-growing trees速生林flood control防洪food additives食品添加剂food contamination食品污染forest coverage森林覆盖率fossil fuels矿物燃料gas-fueled vehicles天然气汽车global warming全球变暖groundwater pollution地下水污染hazardous substances危险物质hazardous wastes危险废物health facilities卫生设施holiday resort 旅游胜地hospital wastes医院废物human exposure to pollutants人体接触污染物human-made disasters人为灾难hydrologic observatory水文观测站immunological diseases免疫疾病incineration of waste废物焚烧industrial dust discharge工业粉尘排放industrial effluents工业废水industrial emissions工业排放物industrial fumes工业烟尘industrial solid wastes工业固体废物inorganic pollutants无机污染物landscaping design for environmental purposes美化环境lead contamination铅污染lead-free gasoline无铅汽油liquefied gas液化气liquid wastes液体废物mine filling矿山回填mining wastes采矿废物motor vehicle exhaust汽车尾气排放municipal waste城市废物natural ecosystems自然生态系统natural habitats生存环境nature reserve自然保护区nitrate dioxide二氧化氮noise abatement噪音治理non-renewable resources不可再生资源nuclear safety核安全ocean dumping海洋倾倒oil residue recuperation残油回收oil spills石油泄漏ore deposits矿床organic pollutants有机污染物organic solvents有机溶剂origin of species物种起源ozone layer臭氧层persistent organic pollutants难降解有机污染物pesticide residue农药残留pharmaceutical wastes医药废物physical alterations自然改变plastic wastes塑料废物pollution abatement污染治理pollution by sulfur 硫污染pollution control technology污染控制技术pollution fines 污染罚款pollution monitoring污染监测pollution risk污染风险pollution sources污染源precipitation probability 降水概率protected areas保护区radiation effects辐射效应radiation protection辐射防护radiation sickness辐射病radioactive contamination放射性污染radioactive decontamination放射性污染清除radioactive substances放射性物质refuse incinerator垃圾焚化厂refuse landfill垃圾填埋场renewable resources可再生资源sand breaks防沙林sand dunes沙丘sanitary landfills卫生填埋scrap metals废金属sea level海平面sea outfall海洋排泄口sea water desalinization海水淡化seismic sea waves地震海浪septic tanks化粪池sewage disposal污水处置sewage treatment systems污水处理系统shifting cultivation林农轮作small-displacement vehicles小排量汽车smoke prevention防烟soil alkalization土壤盐碱化soil conservation土壤保持soil degradation土壤退化soil erosion土壤侵蚀solar radiation太阳辐射solid wastes固体废物soot emissions烟尘排放strip mining露天采矿sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫surface waters地表水temperate forests温带森林temperate woodlands温带林地thermal pollution热污染thermal sea power海洋热能throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags可降解一次性塑料袋tidal energy潮汐能toxic emission废气排放toxic substances有毒物质toxic waste有毒废物traffic noise交通噪音tsunami warning system海啸预警系统vicious cycle恶性循环waste conversion techniques废物转化技术waste disposal废物处置waste heat废热waste minimization废物最少化waste recovery废物回收waste use废物利用water and soil erosion水土流失water conservation节约用水water saving fixtures节水装置water shortage缺水white pollution白色污染wind breaks防风林wind energy风能wind erosion风蚀三、军事类1.单词:accommodation /əkɔmədeiʃən/ n. 生活舱alliance /əlaiəns/ n. 联盟ammunition /æmju niʃən/ n. 弹药analog /ænəlɔɡ/ n. 模拟annihilation /ənaiəleiʃən/ n. 歼灭anthrax /ænθræks/ n. 炭疽(病) aperture /æpətjuə/ n. 孔径armada /ɑ:mɑ:də/ n. 舰队arsenal /:sənəl/ n. 军火库artillery /ɑ:tiləri/ n. 大炮attacker /ətækə/ n. 强击机attention /ətenʃən/ n. 立正badge /bædʒ/ n. 奖章band /bænd/ n. 多层铁丝网bandage /bændidʒ/ n. 绷带barrel /bærəl/ n. 炮管battalion /bətæljən/ n. 营battle /bætl/ n. 战斗battlefield /bæt(ə)lfi:ld/ n. 战场battleship /bætl/ n. 战列舰bayonet /beiənit/ n. 刺刀bazooka /bəzu:kə/ n. 反坦克火箭筒beachhead /bi:tʃhed/ n. 滩头阵地beret /berei/ n. 贝蕾帽Blitz /blits/ n. 闪电战blockade /blɔkeid/ n. 封锁bomber /bɔmə/ n. 轰炸机brigade /briɡeid/ n. 旅camouflage /kæmuflɑ:ʒ/ n. 伪装canister /kænistə/ n. 霰弹筒cannon /kænən/ n. 火炮canteen /kæn ti:n/ n. 军用水壶cantonment /kæn tu:nmənt/ n. 驻扎captain /kæptin/ n. 上尉cartridge /kɑ:tridʒ/ n.子弹casualty /kæʒjuəlti/ n. 伤亡catapult /kætəpʌlt/ n. 舰载机起飞弹射装置cavalry /kævəlri/ n. 骑兵chaplain /tʃæplin/ n. 随军牧师cluster /klʌstə/ n. 集束炸弹cockpit /kɔkpit/ n. 驾驶舱colonel /kə:nl/ n. 上校commando /kəmɑ:ndəu/ n. 突击队(员)company /kʌmpəni/ n. 连concentration /kɔnsən treiʃən/ n. 集结conscript /kən skript/ v. 征募contain /kən tein/ v. 钳制contingent /kən tindʒənt/ n. 小分队corvette /kɔ:vet/ n. 护卫艇counterattack /kauntərətæk/ n. 反攻, 反击court-martial /kɔ:t mɑ:ʃəl/ n. 军事法庭cruiser /kru:zə/ n. 巡洋舰defense /di fens/ n. 防卫deploy /di plɔi/ v. 部署destroyer /dis trɔiə/ n. 驱逐舰deterrence /di terəns/ n. 威慑disarmament /dis:məmənt/ n. 裁军dismiss /dis mis/ v. 解散division /di viʒən/ n. 师echelon /eʃəlɔn/ n. 梯形编队encirclement /in sə:klmənt/ n. 包围,孤立化extremist /iks tri:mist/ n. 极端分子firepower /faiəpauə/ n. 火力fission /fiʃən/ n.(原子的)裂变formation /fɔ:meiʃən/ n. 编队fortification /fɔ:tifi keiʃən/ n. 防御工事frigate /friɡit/ n. 护卫舰fusion /fju:ʒən/ n. 核聚变guidance /aidəns/ n. 制导hardware /hɑ:dwɛə/ n. 装备hegemonism /hi emənizəm/ n. 霸权主义howitzer /hauitsə/ n. 榴弹炮igniter /i nait/ v. 点燃infrared /infrəred/ a. 红外线initiative /i niʃiətiv/ n. 主动权intercept /intəsept/ v. 拦截interceptor /intəseptə/ n. 拦截机joystick /dʒɔi stik/ n. 操纵杆launch /lɔ:ntʃ/ v. 发射lay /lei/ v. 瞄准lieutenant /lef tenənt/ n. 中尉lift /lift/ v. 空运litter /litə/ n. 担架load /ləud/ v. 装弹lookout /lukaut/ n. 警戒march /mɑ:tʃ/ v. 进军missile /misail/ n. 导弹mobilization /məubilai zeiʃən/ n. 动员muzzle /mʌzl/ n. 枪口,炮口non-proliferation /nɔnprəu lifəreiʃən/ n. 不扩散orbit /ɔ:bit/ n. 轨道paratroop /pærətru:p/ n. (复数)空降部队parity /pæriti/ n. 均势periscope /periskəup/ n. 潜望镜platoon /plətu:n/ n. 排pullback /pulbæk/ n. 撤军regiment /redʒimənt/ n. 团shrapnel /ʃræpnəl/ n. 流霰弹silo /sailəu/ n. 发射井sonar /səunɑ:/ n. 声纳squad /skwɔd/ n. 班stronghold /strɔŋhəuld/ n. 要塞据点submarine /sʌbməri:n/ n. 潜艇surrender /sərendə/ v. 投降terrorism /terərizəm/ n. 恐怖主义terrorist /terərist/ n. 恐怖主义者theater /θiətə/ n. 战区torpedo /tɔ:pi:dəu/ n. 鱼雷trajectory /trædʒiktəri/ n.飞行弹道2.词组:aerial refueling空中加油air assault 空袭air base空军基地air defense alerting device 防空预警装置air defense anti-missile system 防空反导弹系统air defense artillery 高射炮air defense防空air raid空袭airborne alert 空中警戒aircraft carrier航空母舰airland battle空降作战air-to-air missile空对空导弹air-to-surface missile空对地导弹all-out attack 全面进攻ammunition depot 弹药库ammunition store弹药舱amphibious force海陆空军amphibious landing两栖登陆amphibious tank水陆坦克anti-ballistic missile反弹道导弹anti-ship missile反舰导弹anti-sub torpedo反潜鱼雷anti-submarine missile反潜导弹anti-submarine vessel反潜舰armed helicopter武装直升机armor-piercing projectile 穿甲弹arms control 军备控制arms expansion 扩军arms race 军备竞赛arms reductions 军队裁减arms sales 武器销售at ease稍息atomic bomb 原子弹aviation personnel 航空兵bacteriological weapon 细菌武器balance of power 力量均势ballistic missile defense弹道导弹防御ballistic missile 弹道导弹battle plane战斗机biological and chemical weapons 生化武器blue alert空袭警报capital tank主战坦克cargo planes 运输机carpet bomb 地毯式轰炸chemical defense corps 防化兵civilian use 民用coast guard 海岸警卫队cold war冷战combat power战斗能力combat radius 作战半径command post战地指挥所communications satellite 通讯卫星conventional submarine 常规潜艇conventional weapons 常规武器count off报数cruise missile巡航导弹defense spending国防开支defense system analysis防御系统分析department of defense国防部depth charge深水炸弹director radar引导雷达dog fight 空中格斗drag parachute减速伞dress right向右看齐early warning satellite预警卫星electronic fighter电子战机electronic reconnaissance satellite电子侦察卫星escort vessel护卫舰fall in集合fighter plane歼击机fleet depot ship舰队补给舰flight deck飞行甲板fuel bunker油料舱fuel tank燃油箱gasoline transport ship汽油运输船geo-synchronous satellite 地球同步卫星global positioning system 全球定位系统ground attack地面进攻group army 集团军guidance device制导装置guidance radar制导雷达guided-missile submarine导弹潜艇gun sight瞄准镜heavy tank重型坦克high explosive 高能烈性炸药high-speed reconnaissance plane高速侦察机hydrogen bomb氢弹intercontinental ballistic missile 洲际弹道导弹intercontinental missile洲际导弹intermediate range ballistic missile中程弹道导弹joint military drill联合军事演习joint operations联合作战junior officer 下级军官 ,尉官landing ship登陆舰launch vehicle 运载火箭launcher 发射装置launching guidance device发射制导装置launching tower发射塔launching tube发射管lead element 先头部队light bomber轻型轰炸机light tank轻型坦克long-range ballistic missile远程弹道导弹low earth orbit近地卫星low frequency低频machine gun机炮marine crop海军陆战队marine radar航海雷达maximum range 最大射程medium tank中型坦克medium-range ballistic missile中程弹道导弹medium-range missile中程导弹military bloc 军事集团military buildup 军事集结military communications satellite军用通讯卫星military hardware 武器装备military meteorological satellite军用气象卫星military satellite军事卫星military science 兵法,军事学military use 军用military vessel战舰mine sweeping vessel扫雷舰mine-sweeping helicopter扫雷直升机mine-sweeping tank扫雷坦克missile frigate导弹护卫舰missile speedboat导弹快艇moon craft 月球探测机mushroom cloud蘑菇状烟云mutual non-aggression 互不侵犯mutual non-interference 互不干涉national defense 国防national security 国家安全national sovereignty 国家主权naval blockade海上封锁naval fleet海军舰队navigation radar导航雷达navigation satellite导航卫星neutral country 中立国nominal weapon 低威力核武器non-nuclear weapon states非核武器国家non-use assurance 不使用核武器保证nuclear deterrent 核威慑力量nuclear device 核装置nuclear proliferation 核扩散nuclear radiation 核辐射nuclear reactor 核反应堆nuclear testing 核试验nuclear weapon states 核武器国nuclear weapon-free zone 无核区nuclear-powered aircraft核动力航空母舰out of rank出列peaceful coexistence 和平共处reconnaissance satellite侦察卫星refueling stop 补给站regional disarmament 区域裁军remote sensing technology 遥感技术rocket engine 火箭发动机rocket launching site火箭发射场salvage vessel打捞回收船satellite communications vehicle卫星通信车sea depot ship海上补给船secretary of defense国防部长shock wave冲击波sighting device 瞄准器space station宇宙空间站special taskforce特种部队stealth bomber隐形轰炸机strategic bomber战略轰炸机strategic missile战略导弹:strategic nuclear weapon 战略核武器strategic offense 战略进攻submarine mine水雷surface to-surface missile地对地导弹surface-to-air missile地对空导弹survey vessel测量船tactical operation战术意图tanker aircraft空中加油机task force 特遣部队tender ship供应舰theater nuclear forces 战区核武器部队torpedo boat鱼雷艇trainer aircraft教练机transport plane运输机transport ship运输舰unilateral disarmament 单边裁军warning radar警戒雷达四、科技网络类1.单词:access /ækses/ n. 访问activate /æktiveit/ v. 激活attribute /ætribju:t/ n. 属性audio/ɔ:djəu/ n. 音频backup /bækʌp/ n. 备份bandwidth /bændwidθ/ n. 带宽binary /bainəri/ a. 二进制biochip /baiəutʃip/ n. 生物芯片bioengineering /baiəu endʒi niriŋ/ n. 生物工程biotechnology /baiəutek nɔlədʒi/ n. 生物技术bit /bit/ n. 比特blog /blɔɡ/ n. 博客bluetooth /blu:tu:θ/ n. 蓝牙broad /brɔ:d/ n. 宽带browse /brauz/ v. 浏览bus /bʌs/ n. 总线byte /bait/ n. 字节case /keis/ n. 机箱chip /tʃip/ n. 芯片click /klik/ v. 点击client /klaiənt/ n. 计算机的用户clone /kləun/ n. 克隆code /kəud/ n. 密码command /kəmɑ:nd/ n. 指令compatibility /kəm pæti biliti/ n. 兼容configuration /kən fiɡju reiʃən/ n. 配置copy /kɔpi/ n. 复制copyright /kɔpirait/ n. 版权cruise /kru:z/ v. 漫游cursor /kə:sə/ n. 光标cut /kʌt/ v. 剪切database /deitəbeis/ n. 数据库debug /ˌdi:ˈbʌɡ/ v. 调试default /di fɔ:lt/ n. 默认delete /di li:t/ v. 删除demo /deməu/ n. 演示desktop /desktɔp/ n. 桌上型的电脑digital /didʒitəl/ a. 数字显示的download /daunləud/ v. 下载driver /draivə/ n. 驱动程序或驱动器execute /eksikju:t/ v. 执行facilitate /fəsiliteit/ v. 促进file /fail/ n. 文件folder /fəuldə/ n. 文件夹font /fɔnt/ n. 字体format /fɔ:mæt/ v. 硬盘扇区格式化gadget /ædʒit/ n. 小玩意gateway /ɡeitwei/ n. 网关generator /dʒenəreitə/ n. 发电机graphics /ɡræfiks/ n. 图形hacker /hækə/ n. 黑客hardware /hɑ:dwɛə/ n. 硬件hub /hʌb/ n. 集线器icon /aikɔn/ n. 图标image /imidʒ/ n. 图像immunity /i mju:nəti/ n. 免疫input /input/ n. 输入install /in stɔ:l/ v. 安装interface intəfeis/ n. 界面invader /in veidə/ n. 入侵者know-how /nəuhau/ n. 技能,专业知识laptop /læptɔp/ n. 笔记本电脑license /laisəns/ v. 许可证mainboard /mein bɔ:d/ n. 主板malfunction /mæl fʌŋkʃən/ n. 故障manual /mænjuəl/ n. 使用手册,指南menu /menju:/ n. 菜单modem /məudem/ n. 调制解调器monitor /mɔnitə/ n. 监视器moonwalk /mu:n wɔ:k/ n. 太空行走multimedia /mʌlti mi:djə/ n. 多媒体outage /autidʒ/ n. 断电outlet /autlet/ n. 插座password /pɑ:swə:d/ n. 口令paste /peist/ v. 粘贴piracy /pairəsi/ n. 盗版pixel /piksəl/ n. 像素power /pauə/ n. 电源program /prəuɡræm/ n. 程序release /ri li:s/ v. 发布resolution /rezəlu:ʃən/ n. 分辨率restart /ri:stɑ:t/ v. 重新启动roam /rəum/ v. 漫游router /rautə/ n. 路由器scanner /skænə/ n. 扫描仪serum /siərəm/ n. 血清server /sə:və/ n. 服务器socket /sɔkit/ n. 插槽,插座software /sɔftwɛə/ n. 软件static /stætik/ a.静电的supersonic /sju:pəsɔnik/ a. 超音速的teleconference /telikɔnfərəns/ n. 电话会议template /templit/ n. 模版text /tekst/ n. 文本transmission /trænz miʃən/ n. 传输,传送undo /ʌn du/ v. 撤消update /ʌp deit/ v. 更新upgrade /ʌp reid/ v. 升级upload /ʌp ləud/ n. 上传up-to-date /ʌptədeit/ a. 最新的video /vidiəu/ n. 视频videophone /vidiəufəun/ n. 可视电话virus /vaiərəs/ n. 病毒。
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Part One Basis of Legal English公证人:notary专门名词;术语:terminology故意的;蓄意的:deliberate责任:obligation对等的,互惠的:reciprocal分期付款:instalment上述的;前述的:aforesaid不当:inappropriate审理委员会;特别法庭:tribunal否认:negative诉讼:litigation赔偿;补偿:compensation提起(申请等);提起(诉讼等);把……登记备案:file质询(书):interrogatories否定:denial小册子:booklet常设的;永久的:permanent调解、调停:mediation法官;裁判官;法官席:bench一致的:unanimous强制的;不得上诉的:peremptory财产保全;查封;扣押:attachment赔偿金:damages泄露:divulge举证责任:theburdenofproof宪法的:constitutional入侵:invasion租约:lease成文法:statute样式条款:boilerplate clause无效的:null and void其他以外:inter alia= among others:abatement将……遗赠:bequeath起源:provenance扣押:seizure本金:the principal sum规定,条款:provision 立遗嘱者:testator承租人:tenant等同;同价物:equivalent终止:termination开端:commencement制定:formulation恐吓,威胁:intimidate议会,国会:parliament不可撤销的:irrevocable拆分;分立:split传唤;传讯:summon诉讼当事人:litigant辩解;申诉;事实陈述:allegation伪证;伪证罪:perjury庭外采证:deposition控告(某人)犯罪:impeach(法庭上证人的)证词:testimony仲裁:arbitration无陪审团员的审判:bench trail(陪审团的)裁决,判决,结论:verdict批捕令;搜查令:warrant留置权,扣押权:lien欺诈,误导:deceive侵权:infringement诉讼案件:lawsuit控告:prefer动产:chattel执行者:executor诉状:pleading公司面纱:corporate veil全部,所有的人:all and sundry保释:bailment宣告无效:annul报酬:emolument扣押财物:distress拘押:hold合适和恰当:fit and proper争议,纠纷或索赔:dispute ,controversy or claim承诺, 同意和契约:promise ,agree and 储蓄:deposits covenant原告:plaintiff被告:defendant承认:admission回避:forcause交叉盘问:cross examination诉由不成立:no cause清偿保证书:satisfaction发回重审:relitiganteback宣誓过的:sworn法典注释:annotated code法律顾问:barrister汇票:bill of exchange引证:citation or cite编成法典:codify最高上诉法院:courtoflastresort法庭书记官:courtreporter法律汇编:digest(写在判决书前面的)摘要:headnote 名义上的当事人:nominal party律师助手:paralegal州长:sheriff遵循先例:staredecisis摘要:synonym法令:wirt悬而未决的陪审团:hung jury拉丁语:Bona fide = good faith 善意Ex parte =from one side 片面的In r e =in the matter of 关于,对于Percapita=by l eads 人均对价:consideration汇票:draft票据:instrument 诉状:complaint代表自己,自辩:pro se(withoutanattorney )和解协议:settlement协商;法律顾问:counsel专家证人:expertwitness无效审判:mistrial推翻:overturn自由心证:power of discretionary先行本:advancesheet法警:bailiff受益人:beneficiary最佳证据:bestevidence传讯者:citator法令:decree记录法庭:court of record授权立法:delegatedlegislation备审案件目录表:docket对答案有诱导性的提问:leadingquestion初审管辖:original jurisdiction被告:respondent单行本:slip law(判决书的)判决理由/说明:syllabus正式起诉书:true bill传票:subpoena习惯法:commonlawDe novo =anew 重新;更始Habeas corpus =you should have the body人身保护令Non obstance verdioto =notwithstanding the verdict 否定裁决Per curiam =by the court 引用法官判词相对人:counterpart兑现:honor请求:motionChapter Two American Legal Regime美国联邦上诉法院:United States Court of =巡回上诉法院:Federal Circuit AppealsfortheFederalCircuit最高法院:Supreme Court中级上诉法院:intermediateCourts美国案例选编:American Law Reports 上诉法院:Court of Appeals高级法院上诉庭:Appellate Division ,Supreme Court法律百科全书:Corpus Juris Secundum任命:nominate等级制度;统治集团:hierarchy地方法官,治安官:magistrate遗嘱检验法庭:probate court仲裁人:arbiter无效;废弃:nullification疏忽,过失;粗心大意:negligence渊源;根源:source合理的:equitable证词,证据:testimony挑选陪审团的过程:voir dire强制的;不得上诉的:peremptory审议:deliberation审判官似的;调查官似的;爱打听的:inquisitorial对抗性的,敌对的:adversarial审理委员会;特别法庭:tribunal送还,还押;发回重审:remade抵押;抵押品;质权:pledge成文法;制定法:statuarylaw判例,先例:precedentAdj. 适当的Vt. 占用,侵吞:appropriate传票;引证:citation控告,起诉:prosecution证人证言:affidavit全体陪审员:panel大陪审团:grand jury分配,分布:distribution过错相抵:contributory negligence专利池:patent pool纠问式:inquisitorial system of justice诉讼文件移送命令:certiorari驳回:dismiss暂停:stay异议:dissent抗辩制度:adversarial system公平的:impartial公告,宣告:announcement处理:dispose 任期:tenure司法权,管辖权;管辖范围:jurisdiction 转让(法律权利或义务):assign少年法庭:juvenile court对(指诉讼,比赛中等);相对:versus 执行,施行,实施(法律等);免除:dispense 支持者;建议者;提出认证遗嘱者;提出证据的人:proponent立法机关;立法机构;立法部;(特指)州会议:legislature挑选陪审团成员:impanel陪审员名单:array自由裁量权:discretion当事人;诉讼委托人:client偏一方的:partisanVt.仲裁,裁判N.裁判,仲裁人:umpire上诉的,受理上诉的:appellate前提:premise发誓:swear依照法令的;法定的:statuary制定(法律);颁布:enactAdj. 立法的,有立法权的N.立法权;立法机构:legislative竞合:concurrence概要,大纲:synopsis复审:review再审:rehear参议院:Senate僵局:deadlock有效:valid篡改:tamper证据规则:evidentiary r ules纠错法院:CourtofErrors撤销:vacate中止:order发回重审:remand特权:privilege主张,用户:advocacy自认犯罪:self-incrimination有说服力的法律依据:persuasive authority 廉正:integrity苏格拉底问法:socraticmethod 法律术语:legalese附录:appendix出庭律师:attorney of record 顾问:consultant法官的附带意见:dictum委托书:engagement letter出口许可证:export license许可证协议:license agreement公证人:notary public公民投票权:referendum法定时效:statuteoflimitation分区条例:zoning ordinanceChapter Three Constitutional Law司法权:judicial power合法化,正当性:legitimacy海事管辖权:maritime jurisdiction 全权:plenary power终身任期:life tenure 民事诉讼:civilprocedure法律联合会:legal fraternity公司章程:article o f i ncorporation计费工时:billable hour标准:criterion网域名称:domain name当庭提出证据:exhibit合营企业:jointventure贷款申请:loan application专利申请书:patentapplication股东,股票持有人:shareholder可撤销的合同:voidablecontract合法的:legitimate海事法,海商法:admiralty按照,根据:pursuant to/in pursuance of 阐明:set forth被授予、赋予(权利):be vested with原始(初审)管辖权:original(trial )jurisdiction 上诉管辖权:appellate jurisdiction自动生效:self-executing 共同管辖权,并存管辖权:concurrentjurisdiction参考司法性(或审判)解释:advisory opinions 做出裁判、裁决:rendition做出裁判裁决,判处:render 串通诉讼:collusive suits 模拟诉讼:mootcases成熟原则:ripeness doctrine确认判决,宣告是判决:declaratoryjudgment 诉由,诉讼资格:standing可归因于:be attributable to裁决,裁定:ruling不适用联邦管辖权(以避免和州管辖权的冲突):abstain待决的,未决的:pendingV. 阻却、禁止N. 阻碍、阻却因素;法律界:bar立法权:legislative power默示的权利:impliedpower 可救济性:redressability规避(原则):abstention以……作为前提/条件:bepremisedon禁止、命令、指示:enjoin豁免权:immunity明确列举的权力:enumerated power辅助/附属权利:auxiliary/ancillary power必要与适当条款:necessary and proper clause 实施、实行:carryintoexecution人头税:capitation公共基金开支权:spending power 国会调查权:investigatory power 剥夺……(权利):depriveof/abridgeof 直接税,对财产征收的税:direct taxes 贸易权:commercepower弹劾:impeachment铸币:coinmoney立法权的委托/授予:delegation of legislative 三权分立原则:the separation of power power doctrine促进、助长、推动:in furtherance of公共职权:public functions剥夺公民权法案:bills of attainder程序性的正当程序:procedural due process 平等保护:equal protection个人财产:personal belongings任意的、武断的:arbitrary 申请……:petitionof有溯及力的,溯及既往的:retroactive事后的、有溯及力的、溯及既往的:ex post facto实质性正当程序:substantivedueprocess裁决、判决:adjudication法定权利:entitlement在下、从下:infra严格审查(标准):strict scrutiny(maximum 中登记审查(标准):intermediatescrutiny scrutiny )合理依据、最低审查(标准):rational basis (minimal scrutiny )不合理分类:suspect classification受制于、以……为条件:be subject to 为……量身定做:betailoredto商业条款:Commerce Clause歧视性待遇:disparate treatment纠正歧视行动:affirmativeaction 引发、触发:trigger监禁、禁闭:incarceration主要因素:predominant factor授权条款:enabling provision必要的国家利益:compelling state interest 准嫌疑犯分类:quasi-suspect classification 不正当关系:illicit relationships确认生父诉讼、亲子鉴定诉讼:paternitysuits 基本权利:fundamentalrights避孕药物、避孕工具:contraception 撤销、使无效:revoke流产,堕胎:abortion实施:implement原因:causation修正案:amendment支持:upheld违反:infringe损害:impair区别对待:discriminatory application 反驳:rebuttal牵连:entanglement授权,命令:mandate司法审查:judicial review当代的,同时代的:contemporary 行政部门:executive branch使无效:invalidate详尽的,彻底的:exhaustive 包括、包含:encompass财政部:The Treasury Department全体出席的:plenary严格的必要性:strict n ecessity确权之诉:quiet title action驱逐出境:deport代表:delegate有特权的:prerogative非惩罚性:non-punitive避孕:contraceptives据说,据称:allegedly十足信用法案:full faith and credit问题的可讨论性,未决状态:mootness 多元管辖权:diversity jurisdiction批准,认可:ratification取缔诽谤:outlaw slander授予,给予:conferpromise 允诺acceptance 承诺a meeting of minds 意见一致executed contracts 已履行合同specialty contract 书面盖印合同parol contract 非要式合同simplecontract 简单合同offer 要约contracts u nder s eal 盖印合同contracts i n w riting 书面合同contracts e videnced i n w riting 有书面证明的合同口头合同oral contractsunqualified 无条件的conditional a ssent 有条件的同意standing offer 持续要约return performance 相应允诺letter 书信Mail-box Rule 投邮主义the promisee 被允诺人公共职责public duty accordandsatisfaction 和解与清偿允诺禁反言原则doctrine of promissory estoppelexpress terms 明示条款exemptionclauses 免责条款warranty 担保repudiate 拒绝履行certainty 确定性terms i mplied in f act 事实上的默示customary implied terms 惯例性的条款the repugancy rule 矛盾解释规则part4agreement b etween t he p arties 当事人之间的协议mutual a ssent 当事人之间的协议executory contracts 待履行合同valid 有效的void 无效的voidable 可撤销的unenforceable 不能强制执行revocation 撤回rejectionbytheofferee 受要约人拒绝counter-offer 反要约lapse of time 期限届满incapacity 无行为能力failureof a condition subject to which the offerwasmade 要约条件未能满足performance 履行the mirror i mage rule 镜像原则telegram 电报consideration 对价past c onsideration i s n o c onsideration 过去的对价不是对价the principle of mutuality 相关性原则衡平禁反言原则doctrine of equitableestoppelimplied t erms 默示条款condition 条件rescind 废除theconceptoftotalintegration 合同完整性的概念terms implied i n law 法律上的默示the contra proerentem 不利于提供者规则the f our c orners r ule 四角规则the C ontrol o f E xemption C lauses A ct 管制免责条款条例minor 未成年人persons of u nsound mind 精神病人mistake 错误duress 胁迫illegality 非法性operative mistakes 关键性错误warning notices 警告性通知capacitytocontract 缔约能力a person under the influence of drink 醉酒的人corporations 公司misrepresentation 虚假陈述undue influence 不当影响validity 效力liable to be set aside 衡平法上被撤销commonoridenticalmistakes 相同之错误non-identicalmistake 不相同之错误nonestfactum 非我所签契约fraudulentmisrepresentation 欺诈性的虚假陈述affirm 确认duresstogoods 对货物的胁迫actual undue influence 实际不当影响inequality of b argaining power 谈判能力的不对等illegal contract strictly so called 严格意义上的非法合同illegal a s f ormed 成立违法intended b eneficiaries 有益受害人discharged 解决tender of performance 交付履行impossibility 履行不能occurrence of c ondition subsequent 后续条件的发生cancellation 合同的取消substituted contract 替代合同lapse 终止(或失效)breachofcontract 违约damages 损害赔偿quantum meruit 按合理价格支付injunction 禁令corporatelaw 公司法new wordsand expressionsnominalized 使转变为名词abstain 抑制,弃权destitute 使丧失usage 惯例contingency 意外事故,偶发事件telex 电传detriment 损害,伤害undertaking 承诺charter 包租,租用lumber 木材furnish 提供appellee 被上诉人rescind 废除reputable 值得尊重的mutual mistakes 双方错误unilateral mistake 单方错误null and void 无效innocent or n eglient misrepresentation 无过错或过失性的虚假陈述duresstoaperson 对人的胁迫economic duress 经济胁迫persumed undue influence 假设不当影响unconscionability 显示公平制度operationoflaw 依法定得解除illegal c ontract traditionally s o c alled 传统的非法合同illegal a s p erformed 履行违法incidental beneficiaries 附带受益人performance 履行frustration 合同落空履约具有不现实性impracticability rescission 合同的废除novation 合同的更新release 弃权书account stated 明细账supervening illegality 继起违法anticipatorybreach 预期违约action for an agreed sum 商定金额之诉specific performance 实际履行alternative d ispute r esolution 替代性纠纷解决机制inducememt 诱因,诱导solemnity 庄严perpetrator 做坏事者,犯罪者revocation 撤销,撤回dispatch 发出facsimile 传真forbearance 忍耐,克制,不作为accure 发生,产生vessel 船舶freight 运费aver 提出demurrer 异议,抗辩repudiate 拒不履行shack 棚屋,简陋的小屋emasculate 阉割,削弱demolish 摧毁,推翻,驳倒shear(shore,shorn) 切断,剥夺perjury 伪证(罪)officious 爱管闲事的indemnity 赔偿(金)subrogation 代位(求偿权)vitiate (使)消弱,(使)无效reef 礁,暗礁ab initio 自始,从开始时rescission 废除pecuniary 金钱的rogue 无赖,流氓uberrimae fidei [ 拉]最大诚信convent 女修道院devotee 皈依者consummate 完成infirmity 虚假ex turpi causa non oritur actio [ 拉]非法或不道德行为不能取得诉因quantum valebant [ 拉]支付合理价格原则solus 单独的effectuate 实行,完成revoke 撤销;取消concurrent 同时发生的exculpatory 辩解的,辨明无罪的expectation interest 期待利益restitution interest 返还利益maxim 格言subterfuge 托词,借口overt 明显的,公开的a Mareva injunction 玛瑞瓦禁令Textinternational business transactions 国际商业活动;国际经济交往contract 合同,有法律约束力的承诺或协议restatement 再声明,重述duty 义务; 职责,责任deed 地契,土地证seal 密封文档,密封(证明真实有效)formation 成立manifestation 表现形式collateral 附属的absurdity 荒谬的rote 死记硬背,生搬硬套supersede 废除,废弃efficacy 功效onus 义务,负担dissipate 挥霍salvage 救援,营救tender 招标status quo 现状puff 吹嘘restitutio i n i ntegrum[ 拉]恢复原状avoidance 废止,无效coercive 强制的;强迫的ward 被监护人the balance o f probabilities 可能性较高者lopsided 不平等的defraud 诈取,骗取quantum meruit [ 拉](无合同规定时)支付合理报酬;应得额;合理金额oust 剥夺,驱逐covenant 协议,协定supervening 接着发生encompass 围绕;包含coronation 加冕礼remotedamages 间接损失relianceinterest 信赖利益liquidateddamages 约定损害赔偿金permeate 弥漫,遍布evasion 规避,遁词slack off 松懈;懈怠warranty 保修单,担保securities law 证券法franchise 特许经营Convention on the International Sales ofGoods(CISG) 联合国国际货物销售合同公约binding 有约束力的stipulation 契约,约定,协定evidenced in writing 有书面证明的mutual a ssent 相互同意bound 有义务的advertisementsofrewards 悬赏广告lapseofoffer 要约失效English law 英国法Blackacre 黑地,黑田(辩论中的假设名字,与whiteacre 相对)writ of error 纠错令Chancery Courts 大法官法庭,大法庭Chancellor 首席法官,大法官conditional a ssent 附条件同意order c onfirmation 确认订单auction 拍卖revocation 撤回option 期权,选择权contingency 意外事故,偶发事件standing offer 持续要约decree 判决,裁定refinance 再融资unqualified 没有附加的条件的return promise 反允诺terms and conditions 条款及细则general conditions o f sale 销售的一般条件;买UNIDROIT PICC 国际统一私法协会国际商卖共同条件;一般销售条件事合同通则Mail-Box Rule 邮箱规则detriment 损害,伤害promisor 做出承诺者,契约者,要约人executed 已执行的full settlement of a debt 全额清偿promissory 承诺的,约定的Privy Court 枢密院法庭the principle 本人,被代理人,委托人;保证人;财产,信托财产qualification 条件,资格consideration 对价promisee 受约人executory 待执行的accordandsatisfaction 和解与清偿the principle of mutuality 交互性原则suspensory 中止的resume 恢复Doctrine of E quitable Estoppel 衡平禁反言原则charter party 租船合同frustrate t he m ain p urpose o f t he c ontract 主要目的受阻volition 自愿选择total integration 一体化;完全整合genesis 起源;开端officiousbystander 好事的旁观者the inserter 起草者the onus o f proof 举证责任guaranteesofminors ’ contracts 未成年人保证责任unsound mind/ mental-imcapacity 心智不全nonestfactum 否认立约the P arol E vidence R ule 口头证言规则absurdity 荒谬,不合理supersededdocuments 替代文件negligence 过失;疏忽indemnity 赔偿(金)Age of M ajority Act 成人年龄法guarantee 被保人subrogation 代位清偿fiduciary 基于信托的,受托人,被信托人inducement 引诱,诱导actionablemisrepresentation 可诉的虚假陈述restitutio i n i ntegrum 恢复原状Uberrimae Fidei 最大诚信原则,坦率诚实prospectus 说明书,简介,募股章程contemplation 深思熟虑,沉思vendor 卖方,卖主mutual rescission 相互解约frustrating events 受阻事项a final balance 最后应付余额,最后结余;最后平衡the Utmost Good Faith 最大善意原则undue influence 不当影响self-induced 自己导致的,自己诱导的operation o f l aw(OOL) 法律的实施(效果)unilateralrescission 单方废止;债权人得单方解除契约original transactions 原始交易commercial impracticability 商业不现实性StatuteofLimitations 诉讼时效supervening illegality 继起违法coronation 加冕礼remotenessofdamage 损害的间隔性unliquidated d amages 未经算定损害赔偿;未清算的损失;未确定损害赔偿额specific performance 照规定严格执行goodfaith 善意;真诚expressrepudiation 明示的履行拒绝interlocutory ( 判决等)在诉讼期间宣告的prohibitory 禁止的pending trial 候审期间,未决事项Choice of F orum Clause 选择法院条款Choice of L aw Clause 适用法律选择条款arbitration a greement 仲裁协议exercisecontested 有争议的boilerplate 样板文件;公式化,陈词滥调prevail 占优势optioncontract 期权合同leverage 杠杆作用,举债经营unconscionability 显失公平;显失公平原则impossible of performance 履行不能frustration o f p urpose 合同目的落空Forcr M ajeure C lauses 不可抗力条款foreseeability 可预见性,预见性extravagant 奢侈的;挥霍的claimant 原告,索赔者constant supervision 持续监督good f aith p erformance 合同履行中的诚信原则;善意履行perpetual 不间断的;持续的mandatory 强制的;法定的Municiple Courts 市法院Forum Selection Clause 法院管辖之条款commercial a rbitration 商事仲裁arbitration clauses 仲裁条款recital 一系列事件等的详述Caveat Emptor 货物出门概不退换,买主须自行当心(货物的品质);买主当心merchandise 货物Statute of Fraudes 反欺诈法unjust enrichment 不正当得利third-party beneficiary 受益第三方forfeiture 没收,丧失illusory promise 虚幻允诺omission 疏忽,懈怠,做某事失败in pais 无法律手续或书据Unit Five故意侵权intentionaltorts威吓assault侵害地产或动产trespasstoLand/Chattels •detrimental r eliance有害依赖;不利之信赖material b reach 重大违约,实质性违约rescind 废除;撤销UniformCommercialCode(UCC) 美国统一商法典quasi-contract 准契约;准合同殴打battery非法监禁false imprisonment侵占他人动产conversion故意精神伤害Intentional infliction of 抗辩事由defenses emotional d istress特权privilege正当防卫self-defense责任duty实际损失或伤害actual loss or damage 比较过失comparativenegligence明示自冒风险express assumption of risk 暗示自冒风险implied assumption of risk 中介原因interveningcause 原告同意consent紧急避险necessity不履行责任breach原告过失contributory negligence自冒风险assumption of risk免责条款exculpatoryclause后果的预见性foreseeabilityofconsequences 连带责任joint and several liability补偿indemnity土地所有人possessor占有人occupier土地侵权人trespasser侵权儿童trespassing children被邀请人invitee不当行为/不当履行misfeasance替代责任vicarious liability侵犯隐私privacytorts侵扰他人私生活intrusion不正当竞争competitive torts倾销dumpingLiability for negligence 过失责任Remedies 损害赔偿Defamation 诽谤Misrepresentation 虚假表述Trespass 非法侵入Product liability 产品责任Damages 赔偿金Punitive d amages 惩罚性赔偿金Discrete 分离的Thestatuteoflimitations 诉讼时效Tavern 客栈Hatchet 短柄小斧;言归于好Integrity 完整Prima facie case 表面上证据确凿的案件Impediment 妨碍Quare clausum fregit 缘何侵入私地令Intermeddle 干涉Dispossess 剥夺Misfeasance 错误行为Agrarian 土地的,农村的Public nuisance 公共公害Omission 疏忽;懈怠Entrant 参加者Satisfaction 清偿Negligentmisrepresentation 过失的虚假表述Sedition 煽动Loathsome 令人讨厌的Duty o f c are 注意义务Incompatible 矛盾的Disparagement 轻视Revelation 披露分担contribution所有权人owner自然危险情况natural hazards被许可人licensee诱惑性公海原则attractive nuisance doctrine 商业被邀请人businessinvitee懈怠不作为/不作为nonfeasance低于成本销售salesbelowcost盗用他人肖像权appropriation扭曲他人形象public disclosure of private life 虚假宣传falseadvertising雇主负责制respondent superiorCivil liability 民事责任Invasionofprivacy 侵犯隐私Fraud 欺诈Conversion 侵犯他人财产Trespass to land/chattels 侵犯他人土地/财产Restitution 返还原物,赔偿金Compensatory damages 补偿性伤害赔偿金Special damages 特定损害赔偿金Affinity 亲切关系Causation 因果关系Cause in fact 事实上的原因Proximate cause 最近原因Malice 恶意Blackout 灯火管制;暂时失去知觉Res Ipsa Loquitur 让事实说话Foreseeability 预见性Tort-feasor 侵权行为人Misconduct 行为不当Non-feasance 不行为Nuisance 妨害行为Private n uisance 私人妨害Contributory negligence 混合过失Confinement 拘禁Indemnity 补偿Malpractice 玩忽职守Libel 书面诽谤Consortium 配偶的地位和权利Venereal 性交的Unchastity 放荡Falselight 扭曲他爱人形象Deceive 欺诈Competitive torts 侵权竞合 Premises 房地产Palm off 哄骗Wherewithal 为做某事而需要的钱 Legal c ause 法定原因,近因 Assailant 攻击者 Defect 瑕 疵Accrue 利息等的自然增值;诉讼的发生 Awritoftrespass侵害令状Confinement 监禁 Deliberation 深思熟虑Trespass de bonis asportate 带走他人动产 Dispossess 剥夺占有 Blackout 失去知觉 Res ipsa Loquitur 不言自明Per c uriam 全庭审Bystander旁观者Impliedwarranty默示担保Entrant 新工作者 ;进入者 Liable 有责任的 Recreationalpremises 娱乐场所 Caveat emptor 顾客留心(一经出售概不负责)Statutesofrepose除斥期间Charitable immunity慈善事业免责Vicarious liability 替代责任Restatement (second) of torts 民事侵权行为重述 ( 第 二 版 ) Prosser 普罗塞(美国杰出法官)part 8双重主义: dualsovereignty 犯罪意图: mensrea联邦和州监狱: prison 或 penitentiary无罪推定: presumption of innocence正当程序: dueprocess 自证其罪: self-incrimination悬而未决的陪审团: hung jury 不抗辩: no contest/nolo contendere 双重危境: double jeopardyIdiosyncratic 独特的 Pass off 冒充 Recoup 重获 Disclose 告 知 Supersede 取代 Warranty 担保;保单 Willful and wanton 放任的Vicarious liability 雇主责任,替代别人的责任 Intent 主观 Volition 意愿 Malice 预谋 Vandal 蓄意破坏者 Proximate cause 近因 Calculus of risk 风险预测计算 But-for causation 若非因果关系 Joint and s everal liability共同连带责任The impact rule 影响规则 Premises liability 场所责任 Nuisance 妨 害Dangerous instrumentality doctrine危险工具Criminal assailants刑事攻击者Caveat lessee 警告承租人Misdiagnosis 错误的诊断 Municipal immunity 市场免责Defamation诽谤Prima facie cause of action诉讼的初步原因Reasonably p rudent p erson合理谨慎的人商业条款: Commerce Clause 夜晚破门入户企图犯重罪: burglary 联邦刑事诉讼法规: Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure排除合理怀疑: proof beyond reasonable doubt隐私权: rightofprivacy以第五条修正案作为辩护理 由P :lead the Fifth失审:mistrial认罪协商: pleabargainingAcquitted 无罪actusreus :犯罪行为Allege :声称Bail:保释bill of attainder :未经审批直接判有罪Burglary :闯入他人室内并实施其他犯罪Causation :犯罪行为和结果之间的因果联系Circumstantial e vidence 旁证Confession:认罪Conspiracy :共谋Culpable :有罪的Diplomatic immunity :外交豁免Entrapment :诱捕Expostfacto :溯及既往的First degree murder :一级谋杀Indictment 刑事起诉状Involuntary manslaughter 因放任或过失在实施其他犯罪行为时造成他人死亡Knock and announce rule 警察搜查时的程序要求Larceny 盗窃Misdemeanor 轻罪Mitigatingcircumstances 罪行减轻情节Motive 犯罪动机Openingstatement 开庭陈述Parole 有条件释放,假释Peremptory challenge 无须理由要求陪审员回避Petty offence 轻微违法行为Police interrogation 警察讯问Probation 缓刑Provocation 挑衅,激怒Reasonable d oubt 合理怀疑Seizure 没收Sheriff 法警,警长Subpoena 传讯,强制传唤Treason 叛国罪Extradition 引渡Federalcriminalstatutes 联邦刑事法规Fictitious=fraudulent 欺骗性的;虚构的County jail 郡的看守所Conviction 定罪Accused :被告Aforethought:预谋的Asphyxia :窒息Bigamy 重婚罪Briber y:行贿罪capital p unishment :死刑challenge for cause :在陪审员资格审查中因法定原因要求陪审员回避Coercion :强制Consent :赞成,同意Corpus delicti :犯罪事实Detention :拘留Embezzle :贪污Euthanasia :安乐死Felony:重罪Habeas corpus 人身保护令Intoxication 中毒,喝醉Justifiable homicide 有正当理由杀人(如执行死刑)Knowingly 故意的犯罪心理MirandaWarning 米兰达警告Mistrial 因程序问题而导致的无效审判Money laundering 洗钱Obstruction of justice 妨碍司法公证Pardon 赦免Penal c ode 刑法典Perpetrator 犯罪者Plea b argaining 辩诉交易Presumption of innocence 无罪推定Prosecute 提起公诉Public defender 公设辩护律师Searchwarrant 搜查令Sentence 刑事判决,量刑Statutoryrape 法定强奸罪Summons 传票传唤Preponderance of t he evidence 优势证据原则Falsify 伪造Imprisonment 监禁Community service 社区义工Bail bondsmen 保释担保人Corrections officers 狱警Dismiss the charge 撤销指控Wrongfuldeath 错误致死More-than-ordinary=recklessness=criminal negligence 轻率Misperceives reality 对现实认识错误Drug paraphernalia 毒品相关设备Man-endangering 危害到人Strict liability law 严格责任法律Proportionality principle 比例原则Fine 罚金Warrantless arrest 无证逮捕Information 检察院起诉书Excessive bail 过高的保释Judge-made doctrine 法官造法原则MirandaWarnings 米兰达警告Wiretapping statute 窃听法Detention 拘留Grand Jury Appearance 陪审团出席Hot Pursuit 越境追捕Custody 保管;监护Preliminary hearing 预审听证Suppression hearings 听证会Juror opposition 陪审员的反对Right to counsel 获得律师辩护的权利guilty plea 有罪答辩potential penalty 潜在的惩罚paroleterm 假释期限plea bargaining 认罪协商,辩诉交易prosecutorial vindictiveness 报复性起诉hearsay 传闻证据,道听途说harsher sentence 更严厉的判决reconviction 再判决;重新判决atypical and s ignificant hardship 非典型及重大困境,异常而重大的困苦felony murder 谋杀重罪sanity requirement 理智的需求mentalretardation 智力缺陷,精神发育迟缓first appeal 第二审;第一次上诉retroactivity 溯及既往probation 缓刑penologicalinterests 刑罚学利益medical malpractice 医疗事故;医疗纠纷;医Speedy jury trial 快速陪审团Incarcerate (被)监禁Careless/negligent 过失、疏忽大意Unintentional conduct 无意识行为Mistake of law 对法律认识错误Malicious behavior 邪恶行为Culprit 犯罪嫌疑人Gravity 严重性Infraction 侵害Arson 纵火Self-defense 自卫Infamous crime 不名誉罪Exclusive r ule 排除规则Fruit of the p oisonous tree 毒树之果Causal chain 因果关系Parole revocation 假释撤销Station House Detention 派出所拘留DeadlyForce 致命暴力Evanescentevidence 容易消失的证据Waiver 豁免;弃权Stand trial 提起诉讼Burdenofproof 举证责任Inconsistentverdict 不一致的判决Confront w itness 与证人对质plea agreemen 认罪协议tdefense c ounsel 辩护律师fatal 致命的;毁灭性的disproportionate 不成比例的,比例失调的confirmation 证明; 确认resentence 重新判决de novo 重新, 更始jury sentencing 陪审团的判决proportionality 比例原则,(行动、处罚等的)相称原则,恰当性lethalforce 致命武器insane 精神失常的recidivist statutes 累犯法frivolous 轻率的parole 假释imprisonment 关押,监禁contraband 走私,走私品unbiased 公正的;不偏不倚的;无偏见的疗过失double jeopardy 一事不再理原则juvenile proceedings 未成年人诉讼程序sentence enhancer 强化判决collateral estoppel 间接禁反言quasi-criminal 准刑事案;准刑事性;准刑事犯罪prostitute 妓女duly 及时的,适时的balance 差额;结余pertinent 有关的warrant 批捕令,搜查令MIMIC 模仿grandjurytestimony 大陪审团作证trespassory 非法盗窃exclusionary 排斥(性)的;排除在外的exercisestatutory law 成文法,制定法slander 口头诽谤invasion 侵略;侵入homicide 杀人行为maladjusted 失调的;不能适应环境的deus ex machina 解围的人或事件supervision 监督;管理firearm 火器,尤指手枪或步枪conversion 财产转换,兑换bribe 贿赂,行贿duress 强迫,胁迫,威胁false pretenses 欺诈,诈骗amicus curiae 法庭之友skips bail 跳过保释acquit 判决无罪,宣告无罪,开释nullification 无效;废弃mandatory 强制的,义务的contraband 走私attorneygeneral 首席检察官,司法部长grand jury 大陪审团burden 责任,义务prison i nmates 牢犯empanel 选任(陪审员)commencement 开端,开始separate sovereign 独立主权forfeiture 没收;丧失innocent owner 无辜所有主,无过错所有人exigent 紧急的;迫切的accusatory 控告的,控诉的suppress 禁止,使止住handcuff 上手铐prima f acie c ase 表面上证据确凿的案件wingspan 翼幅;翼展Criminal Procedure L aw (CPL) 刑事诉讼法defraud 欺诈magistrate 地方法官,治安官the Rosario doctrine 罗萨里奥学说、理论preponderance 优势;多数battery 殴打罪libel(书面)诽谤extortion 强取;敲诈;勒索malum in se 不法, 不法行为responsiblecorporateofficer 公司管理负责人员forgery 伪造,伪造的文书、签名等misappropriation 侵吞,挪用,滥用;私吞wirefraud 网络诈骗,电信诈骗espionage 侦察;间谍活动assault 突袭,侵犯(人身),威胁kidnapping 绑架searchwarrant 搜查证white collar crime 白领犯罪double-jeopardy 一事不再理原则conspiracy 阴谋,同谋,串谋,共谋closing statements 结束的控词nolocontendere 无罪申诉(刑事诉讼中,被告不认罪但又放弃申辩)prerequisite 先决条件,前提borne by 由……。