来安方《新编英美概况》(最新修订版)配套题库(含考研真题)-英国第一章至第四章【圣才出品】
来安方《新编英美概况》(最新修订版)配套题库【章节题库(含名
库（含名Байду номын сангаас
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 目录分析 05 精彩摘录
目录
02 内容摘要 04 读书笔记 06 作者介绍
思维导图
本书关键字分析思维导图
真题
历史
章节
历年
新编
概况
政府
题库
修订版
模块 第章
英国
修订版
模块
英美
补充
概况
材料
修订版
内容摘要
本书是来安方《新编英美概况》（最新修订版）的配套题库，包括以下几个方面的内容：模块一是章节题库， 严格按照来安方《新编英美概况》（最新修订版）的章目编排，共8章（分为两部分，第一部分是英国文化，共4 章；第二部分是美国文化，共4章），精选与各章内容配套的习题进行详解；我们还从指定来安方主编的《新编英 美概况》（最新修订版）为考研参考书目的名校历年考研真题中，挑选有代表性的考研真题，并对所选考研真题 进行了详细的解答，所选试题基本涵盖了每章的考点和难点。模块二是模拟试题，根据各校历年考研真题的命题 规律，精选教材中的重要考点，精心编写了两套模拟试题，并进行了详细的解答。
目录分析
第一部分英国
第二部分美国
第1章土地和人民 第2章英国历史 第3章政治、政府及教育 第4章补充材料
第1章总括 第2章美国的历史 第3章政府形式和社会生活 第4章补充材料
来安方《新编 英美概况》
（最新修订版） 考研模拟试题 及详解（一）
来安方《新编 英美概况》 （最新修订版） 考研模拟试题 及详解（二）
读书笔记
这是《来安方《新编英美概况》（最新修订版）配套题库【章节题库（含名校考研真题）＋模拟试题】》的 读书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的心得。
新编英美概况许鲁之（第四版）Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案
Chapter 4 American Revolu on
2. What happened on the evening of March 5, 1770? A clash between American colonies and Bri sh soldiers took place in Boston.
①The people of the US are predominantly white. ②The second most numerous minority in the US were the black people whose forefathers came from
Africa.
from La n American countries.
⑤The Chinese American have proved to be industrious and intelligent.
2. What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the United States?
3. Why do many Americans now migrate from ci es to suburbs?
①The widespread uses of automobiles and the construc on of express highways made it possible for
来安方《新编英美概况》笔记和典型题详解(美国—美国的历史)【圣才出品】
第2章美国的历史2.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. The Thirteen English-American Colonies and the War of Independence1. The Founding of the colonies2. The Early Immigrants3. Relation between England and Colonies4. The Boston Tea Party5. The First Continental Congress6. The Second Continental Congress7. Military Struggle and Final VictoryⅡ. Appearance of the American Constitution and Territorial Expansion1. America Following Independence2. The Constitutional Convention3. The American Constitution4. The Second War with England (1812)5. The Monroe Doctrine (1823)6. The Mexican War and Its Results (1846-1848)Ⅲ. The Civil War1. The Beginning of Slavery in America2. Conflicts Arising from Slavery3. Lincoln’s Death and American Concept of a Hero4. Effect of the Civil War5. Economic Development6. Progressivism7. The Federal Reserve Bank8. Imperialist Foreign Policy and War with SpainⅣ. America During and After World WarⅠ1. America Entering the War (1917)2. America after World WarⅠ3. The Great DepressionⅤ. America During and After World War Ⅱ1. Background and Outbreak of General War2. Changes of the U.S. Policy3. The Lend-Lease Bill4. America’s Entry into the War5. America after the War6. Cold War and America’s Containment7. Red Scare and the McCarthy Era8. Demand for Reform9. The Watergate Affair10. Reagan Revolution and ClintonⅠ. The Thirteen English-American Colonies and the War of Independence (十三块英属北美殖民地和独立战争)1. The Founding of the colonies (殖民地的建立)(1)The first successful English colony in North America was planted in Virginia in 1607. Thecolonists named their new settlement Jamestown, in honor of the king.英国在北美的第一块殖民地位于弗吉尼亚州。
来安方《新编英美概况》笔记和典型题(含考研真题)详解-美国-第2章 美国的历史【圣才出品】
第2章美国的历史2.1 复习笔记I. The Thirteen English-American Coloniesand the War of Independence1. The Founding of the colonies2. The Early Immigrants3. Relation between England and Colonies4. The Boston T ea Party5. The First Continental Congress6. The Second Continental Congress7. Military Struggle and Final VictoryII. Appearance of theAmericanConstitution andTerritorial Expansion1. America Following Independence2. The Constitutional Convention3. The American Constitution4. The Second War with England (1812)5. The Monroe Doctrine (1823)6. The Mexican War and Its Results (1846 - 1848)III. The Civil War1. The Beginning of Slavery in America2. Conflicts Arising fromSlavery3. Lincoln’s Death and American Concept of a Hero4. Effect of the Civil War5. Economic Development6. Progressivism7. The Federal Reserve Bank8. Imperialist Foreign Policy and War with Spain IV. America During and After World War I1. America Entering the War (1917)2. America after World War I3. The Great DepressionV. America During and After World War II1. Background and Outbreak of General War2. Changes of the US Policy3. The Lend-Lease Bill4. America’s Entry into the War5. America after the War6. Cold War and America’s Containment7. Red Scare and the McCarthy Era8. Demand for Reform9. The Watergate Affair10. Reagan Revolution and ClintonI. The Thirteen English-American Colonies and the War of Independence (十三块英属北美殖民地和独立战争)1. The Founding of the colonies (殖民地的建立)(1)The first successful English colony in North America was planted in Virginia in1607. The colonists named their new settlement Jamestown, in honor of the king.英国在北美的第一块殖民地位于弗吉尼亚州。
最新新编英美概况许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案汇编
Unit 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1. How many states are there in the Un ited States? And which two states are geographically separated from the others? (50, Alaska, Hawaii)2. What are the gen eral characters of the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachia n Mountains.1) To the west of Atla ntic coastal plain lie the Appalachia n Mountains that begi n in Can ada and reach all the way to Georgia and Alabama. These are old mountains with roun ded tops and wooded hills, usually not exceed ing 800m in height. The highest point is only 2000m above the sea. Most of the mountain ridges are low eno ugh to be easily crossed by moder n highways. The Appalachia ns have much beautiful sce nery and many tourist resorts. The Ohio and the Tenn essee Rivers flow dow n the western slopes of the Appalachia ns to the great Mississippi River, deep in the heart of America.2) To the west of the Great Plai ns lie the Rocky Mountains, “ the backb one of the continentmountains stretch all the way from Mexico to the Arctic and form what is known as Continen tal Divide, or Great Divide, the most importa nt watershed on the con ti nent. The Rockies are more tha n twice as high as the Appalachia ns and high eno ugh to receive more rain tha n the surro unding pla ins and plateaus. Con seque ntly, they are mostly forested. The strik ing and varied sce nery of the Rockies has give n rise to the establishme nt of many n atio nal parks here. The other n atural won ders in clude roam ing herds of buffalo, elk, deer, an telope and sheep, as well as the famous grizzly bear.Chapter 2 America n Populati on1. Why is the United States knownas a “ meltipgt ”？It means that the US is composed of immigra nts from differe nt n ati ons all over the world.①The people of the US are predo minan tly white.②The sec ond most nu merous min ority in the US were the black people whose forefathers came fromAfrica.③America n In dia ns were the orig inal in habita nts on the con ti nent.④There were about 50.5 millio n Hispa nics in 2010 in the US. They are the Spani sh-speak ing immigrants from Lat in America n coun tries.⑤The Chin ese America n have proved to be in dustrious and in tellige nt.2. What factors cause the America ns to move freque ntly within the Un ited States?①The desire for econo mic betterme nt is gen erally the most importa nt force in duci ng migrati on.②Geographic differe nee in econo mic opport uni ty, as reflected by such factors as differe nces inemployment opportunities a nd earning power for worker血nd differences in the availability and the price of land for farmers.③Nonecono mic factors. Such as climate, racial attitudes, and family tires, in flue ncing migrati on.3. Why do many America ns now migrate from cities to suburbs?①The widespread uses of automobiles and the con struct ion of express highways made it possible forpeople to live farther away from their jobs.②The teleph one reduced the n eed for them to work or live in close proximity to one ano ther.③Suburba n areas offered more liv ing space tha n cities, lower crime rates, less polluti on, and superiorschools. It is gen erally believed that they are better place for raisi ng childre n.Chapter 3 Discovery and Coloni zati on of the New World1. Discuss the pre-Columbia n cultures in the Americas.1) The Aztecs of Mexico2) The Incas of Peru3) The In dia ns of North America4) In dia n con tributi ons to Europea n culture: Foods, Drugs and Utilitaria n objects2. Why did the discoveries of New World before Columbus not exert great in flue nee in the world at that time?Because Europe was the n poor and politically fragme nted. It was beset by local wars and civil disorder and largely illiterate. I n short, Europe was the n in capable of resp onding to the Norse discoveries.3. Why did so many English people move to the New World in the 17 century?1) The New World was a great and rich land. In the New World there were all those resources n ecessary for agricultural and in dustrial developme nt.2) During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1588-1603), the English in growing numbers realized that the New World was their best place to make their fortun es, and to worship and live accordi ng to their beliefs.3) Some of them might move to America to leave oppressive political institutions, to escape burdensome church duties, to acquire large Ian dhold ings or merely to cha nge their gen eral patter n of liv ing. Of course, material gai n was a com mon factor.4. What was the social structure of the13 coloni es?Society in the 13 colonies was like a pyramid.①The top was made up of mercha nts and Ian dlords.②The base was made up of refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa. And n ative In dia ns.5. Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonial days?As for Indians, they could not put up with slavery. If an Indian was enslaved, his fellow tribe members would fight to free him. So the colo ni alists soon gave up the attempt to use them as slave labor. I nstead they seized the land of the In dia ns and drove them away or killed them.Chapter 4 America n Revoluti on2. What happe ned on the eve ning of March 5, 1770?A clash betwee n America n colonies and British soldiers took place in Bost on.①A group of un employed laborer attacked a British sentry stati oned at the Bost on customhouse.②Whe n the British soldiers dispatched to help the sentry arrived, they met a rapidly grow ing, angry crowd.③Some one gave the comma nd for the soldiers to fire.④Three colonies were killed and several were woun ded, two of whom later died.3. How did the colonies react to the Town she nd Act?The colonies, however, still rejected the idea that the Parliament in Britain had the right to tax them without consent and reacted to these new duties by refus ing to import any of the taxed goods.4. What were the main contents of the Declaration of Independence?①The Preamble, which explains why the Declaration was issued.②A statement of principles of government to which the American people were committed③A list of injustices suffered by the colonists.④A summary of efforts the colonies had made to avoid a break with the mother country.⑤The proclamation is that theColonies are Free and Independent States5. What was the importa nee of the victory at Saratoga?The victory and Saratoga wa a turning point f the war. It further heightened the spirit of the Americans but more importa ntly it caused action abroad t was after this battle that the French agreed to join the war against Britain Later Spa in and Holla nd joined France while nost of the other European powers formed an Armed Neutrality to protect their commerce from Britain r.' s naval poweChapter 5 the Con federati on and the Con stituti on1. What is con federati on?A con federati on is a gover nment in which the con stitue nt gover nmen ts, called states in the US, create a cen tral gover nment by con stituti onal compact but do not give it power to regulate the con duct of in dividuals.2. Compare the powers of the gover nments un der the Articles of Con federati on and the Con stituti on.3. What does the “ check and bala nee ” mean?It means that each branch of gover nmen t-executive, legislative, or judicial-must exercise disti net powers and be selected in a distinct way, and that each branch must be able to c heck and balanee” the others if one branch grew too powerful and sought to domin ate the others.4. What was the Bill of Rights?It guaranteed freedom of speech, religion, peaceful assembly, and the press; the right to bear arms; freedom from un reas on able search; and the right to the protect ion of certa in legal procedures known as the due process of law.5. What were the chief causes of the War of 1812?①The British were not rec on ciled to the loss of their thirtee n coloni es. Usi ng Can ada as the base, they always challe nged to battle with the young Republic.②This an ger reaches its peak in 1807 whe n one British warship attached and boarded in America n ship, killi ng and wounding 21me n and impress ing four sailors.③Jeffers on persuaded Con gress to pass an Embargo Act, which forbade all ships, except foreig n ones without charge, to leave America n ports.Chapter 6 America n Expa nsion and the Civil War1. What was the importa nee of the Monroe Doctri ne?The esse nee was America for America ns”,which later became a cornerstone of the US foreign police s the New world developed in the years ahead this Doctri ne became more meanin gful and was stre ngthe ned by a broader in terpretatio n to meet the n eeds of an en ergetic and ambitious Un ited States.2. What were the basic causes of the Civil War?Two differe nt social-ec ono mic systems existed side by side in the Un ited States.In the South slavery was the foun dati on of the econo mic system while in the North i ndustry and commerce were the mai n character of its economy. The swiftly grow ing in dustries in the North required the restrictio n of slavery as well as an expanding territory in order to provide capitalist production with raw materials, markets and abundant labor supply.The slave economy in the South was an obstacleto industrial growth and expansion.This economic antagonism led to increased conflicts between the North and the South.3. What was the doctrine of the popular sovereignty”？This doctrine means that the inhabitants of the new territories can decide the question of slavery for themselves. In appearanee, it seemed fair, but in actual practice, as far as slavery was concerned, the doctri ne did not work.4. How do you comme nt on the America n Civil War?The outcome of the war placed the n orther n capitalists in solid eon trol of the federal gover nment of the US capitalism .In 1865, the Thirtee nth Ame ndme nt to the US Con stituti on was adopted, which freed all slaves throughout the Un ited States.Chapter 7 Recon struct ion and the Birth of US Imperialism1. What is the 10 perce nt pla n?The pla n provided that as soon as 10 perce nt of voters in any state had take n the oath of loyalty, they could form their own gover nment and would be en titled to the recog niti on of their state by the preside nt of the Un ited States.2. Why was An drew Joh nson impeached by the House?In March 1867, Con gress passed two Acts that took away two preside ntial prerogatives: the right to remove Cabinet members and the right to remove army officers un der his comma nd.To test the eon stituti on ality of the Act, Preside nt An drew Joh nson removes Edwin M. Sta nto n, the Secretary of War, from office in 1869, who was the on ly remai ning Radical in Joh nso'Cab in et.He thus walked in to troubles with the radicals. Later the House voted to impeach the Preside nt.3. After the Recon structi on, how were the civil rights of the Blacks in the South?①Voters must be able to read and write;②Voti ng taxes were in troduced;③The whites also took steps to segregate the blacks and two separate societies emerged in the South.4. Why did the US have a rapid in dustrial growth after the Civil War?①The vast in dustrial developme nt bega n with the ope ning the West.②Speedi ng this process of western settleme nt were ths ailroads③Science and technolog/y ere also greatly marchi ng forward.④The basic industry of the nation, iron and st;ee lbo developed rapidly after the Civil War.⑤The oil industry also developed rapidly.⑥During the latter part of the 19th in dustry, industrial expansioi in America went ahead rapidly.⑦There was a clear in dicati on ofr apid concentration of capital6. What was the Open Door Policy"?。
英美概况第四版上册课后练习题含答案
英美概况第四版上册课后练习题含答案简介《英美概况》是一本全面介绍英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济和社会现象的教材。
第四版上册是其最新版本，为了帮助读者更好地掌握教材内容，本文主要介绍了《英美概况》第四版上册的课后练习题及其答案。
课后练习题第一章马恩列斯主义的世界影响1.为什么20世纪初期，马克思主义在俄国和中国得到了很多支持者？答案：在俄国和中国，工业化程度较低，社会阶级结构明显，人民处于经济和政治上的不利地位，马克思主义提供了一种解释和改变社会状况的思想和方法，因此在这些国家得到了很多支持者。
2.马恩列斯主义的三个基本组成部分是什么？答案：哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义是马克思主义的三个基本组成部分。
第二章英美宪政制度的深层问题1.英美宪政制度的两个特点是什么？答案：一是权力均衡制度的实行，二是国家最高权力代表制度的实行。
2.英国议会制度的基本形式是什么？答案：英国议会制度的基本形式是下院和上院的双院制。
第三章英国的政治体系及其现状1.请简要介绍英国两大主要政党的区别。
答案：英国两大主要政党是保守党和工党。
保守党主张经济自由主义、传统价值观和强硬外交政策，工党主张社会民主主义、平等和国际主义。
2.英国各地区的议员数目是不同的，为什么？答案：英国根据各地区的人口数确定议员数目，保证各地区在议会中的代表权重相当。
第四章美国的政治体系及其现状1.美国总统、参议员和众议员的任期分别是多久？答案：美国总统任期为4年，参议员任期为6年，众议员任期为2年。
2.美国政治体系中的分权制度是什么？答案：美国政治体系中的分权制度是各州与中央政府之间权力的分立和制衡，各州政府在一定范围内有独立的权力。
结语以上是《英美概况》第四版上册的部分课后练习题及其答案。
本文仅供参考，读者们可以通过这些练习题，更好地掌握教材的内容。
来安方《新编英美概况》配套题库(英国—补充材料)【圣才出品】
第4章补充材料Ⅰ. Multiple Choice.1. Which of the following is the most famous of all British newspapers?（北二外2006研）A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. Daily T elegraphD. Daily Mirror【答案】A【解析】The Times《泰晤士报》是英国第一主流大报，是该国最具影响力的报纸。
The Guardian《卫报》。
Daily T elegraph《每日电讯报》，因其时效性而得名。
DailyMirror《每日镜报》。
2. The _____ University offers courses through one of BBC’s television channels and by radio.A. OpenB. FreeC. NationalD. Community【答案】A【解析】英国20世纪70年代初出现了以广播、电视、函授与暑期学校相结合的成人高等教育机构。
开放大学采用多种远距离教学法，几乎每门课程都通过广播和电视播放，其中包括BBC在内的众多知名媒体机构。
3. The oldest national newspaper in the world is _____.A. the TimesB. the Financial TimesC. the Washington PostD. the Observer【答案】D【解析】《观察家报》（the Observer）创办于1791年，是世界历史上最悠久的全国性报纸。
4. Which of the following statements about the BBC is not true?（北京交大2003研）A. The BBC puts out both radio broadcasting services and TV programs.B. There is no advertising on any of the BBC programs.C. The BBC is financed by private funds.D. The BBC World Service broadcasts international news worldwide, using more than 30 languages.【答案】C【解析】BBC英国广播公司除了经营广播节目之外，还经营电视节目；所有节目中都不插播任何广告；资金来自用户的接收费；以30多种语言做全球广播。
最新英美概况考试重点复习材料（英国部分）
最新英美概况考试重点复习材料（英国部分）英美概况考试重点复习材料（英国部分）Chapter 1 第一章Land and People 英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛(较大的一个) 和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wale 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
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第一部分英国
第1章土地和人民
Ⅰ.Multiple Choice.
1.Which of the following is not a political division on the island of Great Britain?
A.England
B.Scotland
C.Northern Ireland
D.Wales
【答案】C
【解析】大不列颠岛上共有三个政治分区，分别为England（位于南部，面积最大、人口最稠密），Scotland（位于北部，拥有三大自然区：北部高地、中部低地和南部丘
陵）和Wales（位于西部）。
Ireland是大不列颠岛之外的另一个岛屿，包含the
Republic of Ireland和英国的Northern Ireland。
故选C。
2.Most people in Northern Ireland are______.
A.Catholics
B.Protestants
C.Presbyterians
D.Nonconformists
【答案】B
【解析】新教徒多为联合派，主张留在英国。
1920年北爱尔兰成立时，它的地理位置使得那里的联合派为多数人。
C项为苏格兰国教长老会教徒。
D项为非国教徒，人数很
少。
3.The two large islands that make up the British Isles are______.
A.Scotland and Ireland
B.Britain and Scotland
C.Great Britain and Northern Ireland
D.Great Britain and Ireland
【答案】D
【解析】不列颠群岛由两座大的岛屿和无数小岛组成。
两座大岛分别是大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛（Great Britain and Ireland）。
英国由不列颠岛（包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士）以及爱尔兰岛东北部的北爱尔兰和周围5500个小岛（海外领地）组成。
故选D。
4.Which of the following is NOT a company in the energy sector?
A.Shell.
B.ICI.
C.RTZ.
D.British Gas.
【答案】B
【解析】ICI是英国帝国化学工业集团的简称，是闻名的纯碱与肥料的制造厂商，不属于能源公司，故选B。
A项为英荷皇家壳牌集团，是全球领先的国际油气集团。
C项为
英国里奥廷托锌公司。
D项是英国天然气集团。
5.Manchester is nicknamed as______of the world.
A.Cottonopolis
B.Iron City
C.Ghost City
D.Automobile City
【答案】A
【解析】曼彻斯特是棉纺织工业的发祥地。
两百多年前，在这里诞生了世界上最早的近代棉纺织大工业，揭开了工业革命的序幕。
曼彻斯特也随着棉纺工业的出现成为新一代
大工业城市的先驱，因此被称作“棉都”（Cottonopolis）。
故选A。
6.Rolls-Royce is world famous for______.
A.machine tools
B.household appliances
C.luxury automobiles
D.high-quality knives and hand tools
【答案】C
【解析】1906年劳斯莱斯（Rolls-Royce）在英国宣布正式成立，主营奢华轿车，是汽车王国尊荣高贵的唯一标志。
无论劳斯莱斯的款式如何老旧，造价多么高昂，至今仍
然没有挑战者。
7.Britain doesn’t share any land border with any other countries except_____.
A.the Republic of Ireland
B.France
C.Iceland
D.Norway
【答案】A
【解析】英国位于大不列颠群岛，被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围，仅与同属大不列颠群岛的爱尔兰共和国接壤。
8.The British staple food is_____.
A.rice
B.potatoes
C.wheat in the form of bread
D.corn
【答案】C
【解析】英国人的主要食品是小麦面包，同时英国人也喜食土豆。
Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks.
1.London plays a significant role in_____economic and cultural life.It’s not only the financial_____of the nation,but also one of_____major international financial centers in_____.
【答案】Britain’s;center;the three;the world
【解析】伦敦是英国的政治、经济、文化和交通中心，与美国纽约、法国巴黎和日本东京并列为四大世界级城市。
2.The beef industry was hit badly by_____which caused a ban on beef exports in 1996.
【答案】BSE disease
【解析】疯牛病1985年首次发现，接下来几年间迅速蔓延，导致1996年欧盟正式禁止英国向欧盟其他成员国出口牛肉。
3.Englishman Frank Whittle developed the world’s first practical_____in1937.【答案】jet engine
【解析】弗朗克·惠特尔(1907—1996)，英国发明家，于1937年改进了飞机喷气发动机。
4.A low rate of_____coupled with a very high rate of_____is a characteristic of the UK economy.
【答案】domestic industrial investment;overseas investment
【解析】英国经济的特点是国内产业增长低迷，海外投资异常活跃。
5.The_____of goods from British colonies and the_____of these goods all over the world became the key to British prosperity.
【答案】importation;exportation
【解析】殖民时期，从殖民地进口廉价货物再向其他国家出口，成为英国经济繁荣的重要因
素。
6.The two important crops in Britain are_____.
【答案】wheat and barley
【解析】英国的主要农作物有大麦，小麦，同时也生产土豆，油菜和甜菜。
7.Britain has traditionally been a manufacturing nation and was once known as the _____.It has established a comprehensive industrial system capable of producing varied goods.Britain’s largest manufacturing industry is the_____industry.
【答案】workshop of the world;iron and steel
【解析】18世纪末十九世纪初的工业革命使英国工厂制代替了手工工场，用机器代替了手工，生产力得到巨大提高，成为“世界工厂”。
钢铁业是英国最大的制造工业。
8.The capital of Scotland is_____,which is well known for its natural_____.
【答案】Edinburgh；beauty
【解析】苏格兰首府爱丁堡是一个历史悠久、风景秀丽的文化城市，素有“北方雅典”之称，还有“欧洲最美丽城市”之誉。
Ⅲ.Explain the terms or expressions in English.
1.Privatization（北外2009研）
【答案】The British economy went through a particularly bad period in the1970s, with high rates of inflation and devaluation of the Pound.Therefore,in the1980s,。