英美概况 英国部分 第四章ppt Chapter 4
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英美概况课件第四章Chapter IV
Christmas to Scots. People stay up late at a party to see the New Year in.
8. Guy Fawkes’ Day: to celebrate a historical event on Nov. 5th. 9. April Fool’s Day 10. birthday: personal festival 11. Remembrance Day: Armistice Day An important patriotic festival on November 11th to remember the millions of people died in the two World Wars.
II. Public holidays in Britain
Bank and public holidays vary in the UK. In England and Wales: eight In Scotland: eight In Northern Ireland: ten
Байду номын сангаасII. Festivals in Britain
1. Christmas
On December 25, the greatest of the Christian festivals, commemorating the birth of Jesus. It is a home and family festival. Everyone is buying Christmas presents for friends and relations. The home is decorated: Christmas tree, shining ornaments, coloured lights and gifts.
8. Guy Fawkes’ Day: to celebrate a historical event on Nov. 5th. 9. April Fool’s Day 10. birthday: personal festival 11. Remembrance Day: Armistice Day An important patriotic festival on November 11th to remember the millions of people died in the two World Wars.
II. Public holidays in Britain
Bank and public holidays vary in the UK. In England and Wales: eight In Scotland: eight In Northern Ireland: ten
Байду номын сангаасII. Festivals in Britain
1. Christmas
On December 25, the greatest of the Christian festivals, commemorating the birth of Jesus. It is a home and family festival. Everyone is buying Christmas presents for friends and relations. The home is decorated: Christmas tree, shining ornaments, coloured lights and gifts.
英美概况 英文课件 美国宗教
• Competition working alone keeping their superiority and their separateness from others paying high attention to privacy confidentiality
Introduction to British and American Culture
Introduction to British and American Culture
Midnight Mass • Easter Bunny
Introduction to British and American Culture
Church and the American Society
• The ruling concept: The separation of church and state
Volunteerism & Charity
Definition:
Volunteerism refers to unpaid service. Helping others is a way of selfimprovement. People contribute some of their time or money to charity, education and religion. This philosophy is called volunteerism.
Read the Bible
The Protestant Church
Buddhism
Islam
Introduction to British and American Culture
Christianity
Introduction to British and American Culture
Introduction to British and American Culture
Midnight Mass • Easter Bunny
Introduction to British and American Culture
Church and the American Society
• The ruling concept: The separation of church and state
Volunteerism & Charity
Definition:
Volunteerism refers to unpaid service. Helping others is a way of selfimprovement. People contribute some of their time or money to charity, education and religion. This philosophy is called volunteerism.
Read the Bible
The Protestant Church
Buddhism
Islam
Introduction to British and American Culture
Christianity
英语国家概况Chapter4 Parliament and Government
Countries
IV. Government
1. Departments P29 24 government departments offices, ministries and departments
the Home Office 内政部 Ministry of Defense 国防部 the Chacellor of the Exchequer财务大臣
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
The House of Commons
Center of parliamentary power
Three major functions
State opening of the Parliament
Royal assent to new law
Meeting with the Prime Minister at Buckingham Palace
Pay state visits to Commonwealth countries as head of state and non-Commonwealth countries on behalf of the British government
government) with the approval of Parliament.
Strictly speaking, the parliament consists of
the King or Queen, the House of Lords (上议
院), the House of Commons (下议院)
IV. Government
1. Departments P29 24 government departments offices, ministries and departments
the Home Office 内政部 Ministry of Defense 国防部 the Chacellor of the Exchequer财务大臣
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
The House of Commons
Center of parliamentary power
Three major functions
State opening of the Parliament
Royal assent to new law
Meeting with the Prime Minister at Buckingham Palace
Pay state visits to Commonwealth countries as head of state and non-Commonwealth countries on behalf of the British government
government) with the approval of Parliament.
Strictly speaking, the parliament consists of
the King or Queen, the House of Lords (上议
院), the House of Commons (下议院)
Chapter IV 英美概况
2. 18th century A. Thomas Newcomen: made atmospheric engines out of water from mines. B. James Watt詹姆斯 瓦特 : invented fundamental 詹姆斯·瓦特 詹姆斯 improvements to Newcomen’s engines, true steam engines. C. George Stephenson: “Rocket” is the most famous of all steam locomotives, it marked the beginning of the railway age.
D. John Dalton:道尔顿，英国化学家。 道尔顿， 道尔顿 英国化学家。 English chemist and physicist, who is best known for developing an atomic theory. Every substance consists of large numbers of tiny particles called atoms, the smallest things in existence. E. Edward Jenner: discovered the vaccine for preventing smallpox 英国乡村医师。发明牛痘接种法。 詹娜 英国乡村医师。发明牛痘接种法。
物质DNA的双螺旋结构 从而打开人类生命之迷 的双螺旋结构,从而打开人类生命之迷 物质 的双螺旋结构 大门的英国科学家。 大门的英国科学家。
III. Inventions in Britain
• The world’s first turbo-jet airliner
英语国家概况Chapter-4
I. Recent History of British Economy
Back
1945-1979
Polices: Drastic reforms Nationalization of industries
II
Result: Although the government changed from one party to another,
Result:
• Limited government spending • Kept inflation under control • Reduced unemployment
By the end of the 20th century, British economic growth surpassed that of other major European countries.
The London foreign exchange market • one of the largest centers for
trading stocks and bonds. • the most international of all the
world’s stock exchaish Economy
Back
Agriculture
Agricultural products:
• Crops: wheat, barley, sugar beet, potatoes • Dairy farming
• World’s lIeIading exporter of cattle, sheep, pigs and horses
Mrs. Thatcher and her polices were and remain highly controversial.
英美概况(第二版)USA Chapter 4 Economy
Notes
• Adam Smith 亚当斯密（1723-1790）是经济学的主要创 立者。
• The Wealth of Nations 《国富论》，亚当斯密所著。 • the Progressive Movement 美国进步运动，美国史学界一
般把1900年～1917年间美国所发生的政治、经济和社会 改革运动统称进步运动。 • Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) 谢尔曼反托拉斯法 • the Protestant work ethic新教工作道德，以专注的现世目 标、克俭的生活作风、负有责任感的勤劳工作和合理的行 为算计为特征。 • the Time Warner Center时代华纳，是美国的一家大型媒 体公司。
• the Dow Jones Index 道琼斯指数，是一种算术平均股价 指数。道琼斯指数是世界上历史最为悠久的股票指数，它 的全称为股票价格平均指数。
• The Jungle《丛林》是1906年作者和记者厄普顿辛克莱创 作的一部小说。旨在强调工人阶级的困境，及20世纪初美 国肉类加工行业的腐败现象。
• — The production is greatly increased due to a new assembly line installed.
• lobby: v. detain in conversation by or as if by holding on to the outer garments of; as for political or economic favors 游说
New words and expressions
• sneeze: v. exhale spasmodically, as when an irritant entered one’s nose打喷嚏
英美概况课件-英国部分
此文档为PPT版 可编辑修改
英美文化概论
1. 英国部分
国家地理常识
国家历史知识 国家政治常识 社会文化知识
一、英国国家地理常识
1. 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分
地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
不列颠群岛由两个大岛-大Байду номын сангаас列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔 兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
Basis of Modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons. 盎格鲁—萨克逊时代（奠定了英国的基 础） 公元446—871年 北欧海盗和丹麦人的入侵
诺曼征服（公元1066年）
2. 诺曼统治（公元1066-1381）
威廉一世的统治（公元1066-1087） 在威廉统治下的英国封建制度 ①在威廉统治下，英国的封建制度得 到完全确立。 ②根据此制度，国王拥有全国所有土 地。 ③威廉把英国的大片土地分给贵族，条件是 换取对方服役和收租。 英国封建制独有的特色就是，无论是土地承 租人还是二佃户，都必须要宣誓效忠于直接 领主，而且要效忠于国王。
二、国家历史知识
1.英国的起源（公元前5000年—1066年）
最早居民是伊比利来人 。
罗马人统治时期的英国（公元前55年—410年）
公元43年，克劳锹成功占领不列颠。将近四百 年里，英国人处于罗马人的占领下，但这并非 是完全的占领。 罗马人修建了许多城镇网，道路，澡堂，庙宇 和其他建筑物。他们还很好地利用了英国的自 然资源。罗马人还把基督教这门新宗教带到不 列颠。
马尔伯勒公爵的布莱尼姆宫
查兹沃斯宫
巴斯侯爵的朗利特庄园
散布在城镇乡村的很多私人庄园和宅邸以及古老 的城墙、城楼、独特的建筑物和其它有纪念意义 的建筑物都作为英国的历史遗产而得到了积极的 保护，受到保护的历史建筑中还包括古老的采矿 场塔楼、工业革命时期的磨房和工厂、托马 斯· 特尔福德修建的铁桥及其它桥梁、钢铁建筑 的杰作－福斯大桥、以及造型优美的克里夫顿悬 索桥等等。
英美文化概论
1. 英国部分
国家地理常识
国家历史知识 国家政治常识 社会文化知识
一、英国国家地理常识
1. 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分
地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
不列颠群岛由两个大岛-大Байду номын сангаас列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔 兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
Basis of Modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons. 盎格鲁—萨克逊时代（奠定了英国的基 础） 公元446—871年 北欧海盗和丹麦人的入侵
诺曼征服（公元1066年）
2. 诺曼统治（公元1066-1381）
威廉一世的统治（公元1066-1087） 在威廉统治下的英国封建制度 ①在威廉统治下，英国的封建制度得 到完全确立。 ②根据此制度，国王拥有全国所有土 地。 ③威廉把英国的大片土地分给贵族，条件是 换取对方服役和收租。 英国封建制独有的特色就是，无论是土地承 租人还是二佃户，都必须要宣誓效忠于直接 领主，而且要效忠于国王。
二、国家历史知识
1.英国的起源（公元前5000年—1066年）
最早居民是伊比利来人 。
罗马人统治时期的英国（公元前55年—410年）
公元43年，克劳锹成功占领不列颠。将近四百 年里，英国人处于罗马人的占领下，但这并非 是完全的占领。 罗马人修建了许多城镇网，道路，澡堂，庙宇 和其他建筑物。他们还很好地利用了英国的自 然资源。罗马人还把基督教这门新宗教带到不 列颠。
马尔伯勒公爵的布莱尼姆宫
查兹沃斯宫
巴斯侯爵的朗利特庄园
散布在城镇乡村的很多私人庄园和宅邸以及古老 的城墙、城楼、独特的建筑物和其它有纪念意义 的建筑物都作为英国的历史遗产而得到了积极的 保护，受到保护的历史建筑中还包括古老的采矿 场塔楼、工业革命时期的磨房和工厂、托马 斯· 特尔福德修建的铁桥及其它桥梁、钢铁建筑 的杰作－福斯大桥、以及造型优美的克里夫顿悬 索桥等等。
周书麟英美概况Chapter4
Chapter 4 British Education
Part 1
Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 The current British education system is highly complex. It consists of many types of schools and schooling. This complexity has resulted from British conservatism. When authorities changed the educational system, they tended to add new elements and alter existing ones, rather than to build everything anew.
A. Who would be educated?
Working-class girls were educated as well as middle- or upper-class girls. The opportunities for anyone to be educated expanded, regardless of class. Funding and control shifted to the national and local governments. In order to fund education, the government first attempted to make business pay.
A. Who would be educated?
Middle class boys from Church of England households go to local primary and secondary schools. Upper-class children are sent to the “public” grammar schools. Gradually, the grammar schools accept feepaying students.
Part 1
Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 The current British education system is highly complex. It consists of many types of schools and schooling. This complexity has resulted from British conservatism. When authorities changed the educational system, they tended to add new elements and alter existing ones, rather than to build everything anew.
A. Who would be educated?
Working-class girls were educated as well as middle- or upper-class girls. The opportunities for anyone to be educated expanded, regardless of class. Funding and control shifted to the national and local governments. In order to fund education, the government first attempted to make business pay.
A. Who would be educated?
Middle class boys from Church of England households go to local primary and secondary schools. Upper-class children are sent to the “public” grammar schools. Gradually, the grammar schools accept feepaying students.
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treble: v. to become, or to make something, three times as much or as many （使）成三倍，增加两倍 — Profits in our company have trebled in the last two years. 我们公司的利润在这两年中增加了三倍。
New words
pottery: n. ceramic ware made from clay and baked in a kiln 陶器 — The archaeologists found gold coins and pottery in the lowest level of the site. 考古学家在发掘地最下层找到一些金币和 陶器。
stagnation: n. If something such as a business or society stagnates, it stops changing or progressing. 淤塞，停滞，不 景气 —This country had now entered upon a long period of stagnation. 从此，这个国家进入了一个长期不景气的 时期。
New words
hemp: n. a plant fiber大麻 —Hemp can be used for cloth and ropes. 大麻可用来做衣服和绳子。
stockpiles: n. something kept back or saved for future use or a special purpose储存 —Get a hustle on to stockpile these essential material. 赶快把这些重要材料贮osperity: n. the state of being successful, especially financially 兴旺； 繁荣；成功；昌盛 — The new government ushered in a period of prosperity. 新政府的成立带来了 一个繁荣的时期。
New words
optical: adj. connected with the sense of sight or the relationship between light and sight 视力的；视觉的；光学的 — I thought I saw a ghost but it was just an optical illusion. 我以为我看见鬼了, 其实只是一种幻觉。
recession: n. a difficult time for the economy of a country, when there is less trade and industrial activity than usual and more people are unemployed 经济衰 退；经济萎缩 — In the recession, our firm went through a bad time. 我们公司在经济衰退时期历尽艰辛。
cutlery: n. knives, forks and spoons, used for eating and serving food 餐具 （刀、叉和匙）
— A cutlery set includes knives, forks, spoons etc. 一套餐具包括刀, 叉, 匙等。
New words
predominant: adj. having more power or influence than others 占优势的；主导的 — Hatemongering is the predominant idea in the book by a racist. 在种族主义者写的书中，煽动仇恨是主要 的观点。
CHAPTER FOUR
ECONOMY of the United Kingdom
Famous Quotation
Work while you work; Play while you play. This is the way; To be cheerful and gay.
— A. D. Stoddart British Philosopher
New words
shrink: v. to become smaller, especially when washed in water that is too hot; to make clothes, fabric, etc. smaller in this way （使）缩水，收缩，缩小，皱缩 —The economy is shrinking instead of growing. 经济正在萎缩而不是在增长中。
New words
barley: n. a grain of barley 大麦 —The peasants are reaping a field of barley. 农民们正在收割大麦。
oats: n. annual grass of Europe and North Africa; grains used as food and fodder燕麦 — Oats mainly grow in cool climate. 燕麦主要生长在气候凉爽的地区。
dismantlement: n. the act of taking something apart (as a piece of machinery) 拆除 — The dismantlement appraisal date shall be the date of issuance of license for house dismantlement. 拆迁估价时点一般为房屋拆迁许可证颁发 之日。
New words
pottery: n. ceramic ware made from clay and baked in a kiln 陶器 — The archaeologists found gold coins and pottery in the lowest level of the site. 考古学家在发掘地最下层找到一些金币和 陶器。
stagnation: n. If something such as a business or society stagnates, it stops changing or progressing. 淤塞，停滞，不 景气 —This country had now entered upon a long period of stagnation. 从此，这个国家进入了一个长期不景气的 时期。
New words
hemp: n. a plant fiber大麻 —Hemp can be used for cloth and ropes. 大麻可用来做衣服和绳子。
stockpiles: n. something kept back or saved for future use or a special purpose储存 —Get a hustle on to stockpile these essential material. 赶快把这些重要材料贮osperity: n. the state of being successful, especially financially 兴旺； 繁荣；成功；昌盛 — The new government ushered in a period of prosperity. 新政府的成立带来了 一个繁荣的时期。
New words
optical: adj. connected with the sense of sight or the relationship between light and sight 视力的；视觉的；光学的 — I thought I saw a ghost but it was just an optical illusion. 我以为我看见鬼了, 其实只是一种幻觉。
recession: n. a difficult time for the economy of a country, when there is less trade and industrial activity than usual and more people are unemployed 经济衰 退；经济萎缩 — In the recession, our firm went through a bad time. 我们公司在经济衰退时期历尽艰辛。
cutlery: n. knives, forks and spoons, used for eating and serving food 餐具 （刀、叉和匙）
— A cutlery set includes knives, forks, spoons etc. 一套餐具包括刀, 叉, 匙等。
New words
predominant: adj. having more power or influence than others 占优势的；主导的 — Hatemongering is the predominant idea in the book by a racist. 在种族主义者写的书中，煽动仇恨是主要 的观点。
CHAPTER FOUR
ECONOMY of the United Kingdom
Famous Quotation
Work while you work; Play while you play. This is the way; To be cheerful and gay.
— A. D. Stoddart British Philosopher
New words
shrink: v. to become smaller, especially when washed in water that is too hot; to make clothes, fabric, etc. smaller in this way （使）缩水，收缩，缩小，皱缩 —The economy is shrinking instead of growing. 经济正在萎缩而不是在增长中。
New words
barley: n. a grain of barley 大麦 —The peasants are reaping a field of barley. 农民们正在收割大麦。
oats: n. annual grass of Europe and North Africa; grains used as food and fodder燕麦 — Oats mainly grow in cool climate. 燕麦主要生长在气候凉爽的地区。
dismantlement: n. the act of taking something apart (as a piece of machinery) 拆除 — The dismantlement appraisal date shall be the date of issuance of license for house dismantlement. 拆迁估价时点一般为房屋拆迁许可证颁发 之日。