英美国家概况(美国部分)Unit 12 Politics
(完整word版)英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)(word文档良心出品)
第三大题Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small po pulation .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely popul ated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 2 0% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to pr ovide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Ja panese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be el iminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of busine ss.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. ci tizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and empha size full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong so cial security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the govern ment control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete govern ment social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a va riety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regi onal patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . nor thern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahe ad.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only adv ance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relations hip with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3.What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successfu l or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4.What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1 620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebrati on to thank god and the native Americans.第四大题Chapter 81．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in wa ves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Rece ntly,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic group s mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolera nt toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respe ct each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At t he same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributi ng to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the develo pment of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners d emanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase ch eaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, America ns continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America grea tly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the Americanelection?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for preside ncy.To win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage isonly a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first st age is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reli able anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the govern ments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,E isenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided thatthe federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weight s and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual propert y",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thce ntury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic dev elopment.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in Ame rican history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Beside s,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American eco nomy again suffered a recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned a bove helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,In all,the interven tion of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation andstimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possi ble .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control .The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conc eive new ways to understand what is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Curre nt textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle fo r equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer stud ents opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
Political_System 英美国家概况 教学课件
British government
• Government
– Queen’s, David Cameron’s, or Conservative government
• Whitehall Street
– executive agencies
• Downing Street
– prime minister’s residence
Chapter 3 Political System
Monarch (non-political) Formal Head of State and Commonwealth
Legislature Executive
Judiciary
Legislature Parliament (political) House of Commons chaired by Speaker. 659 elected MPs (semi-political) House of Lords(before reform) hereditary and life peers (after reform) Appointed and elected
Departments), all Prime Minster
MPs, form Cabinet House of Lords is Also Junior Minsiters the highest Court.
Civil Service (non-political) Permanent official employed by government. Advise ministers and implement policy. Top officials popularly known as mandarins.
英语国家概况：美国政治
英语国家概况:美国政治下面是店铺整理的英语国家概况:美国政治，希望对大家有帮助。
Political Institution政治体制1)A workable form of government under theConstitution: a federal system of government whichhas two layers of rule.两极统治的联邦政府体制。
2)Separation of powers with checks and balancesunder the Constitution: The Constitution divides thegovernment into three branches: the legislative,the executive and the judicial. Each branch hasonly part of the powers but not all the powers. Thethree branches are in balance and they may check each other.三权分立和制衡制度：宪法将政府划分为3个部门，立法部门、执法部门和司法部门。
每个部门只有部分权利不是全部。
三个部门权利平衡并互相限制。
3) Safeguards for individual liberty under the Constitution: the Bill of Rights. It is the termused for the first ten amendments to the Constitution. Ti guarantees freedom of religion,freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and petition, freedom fromunreasonable searches, right to jury trial, right to due process of law and other legal rights.宪法下的个人自由的保护：人权。
英美概况USA-12 S
1. Parties: Evolution
2/13
1. Parties: Ideology
3/13
1. Parties: Presidents
4/13
• Presidential elections occur quadrennially on
Election Day, the Tuesday between Nov. 2-8.
3. Presidential Election: Process [1] Nominating [2] Campaigning [3] Popular vote on Election Day [4] Voting of the Electoral College
Result
12/13
• Winner-take-all principle: the candidate that wins a plurality of votes wins all of that state‘s allocated electoral votes. • Majority of the electoral vote: 270 out of 538 • If no candidate receives 270, the President is determined by a ballot of the House [1 vote for each state]. A ballot of the Senate is held to choose the Vice President [1 vote for each senator].
《英美国家概况》终极笔记中英文对照版
新版“英语国家概况”精讲笔记Chapter 1第一章Land and People 英国的国土与人民I.Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland,and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
《英美国家概况》课件
04
英美国家对世界的影响
政治影响
英美国家政治体制对全球民主化进程的推动
英美国家作为民主制度的发源地，其政治体制对全球民主化进程产生了深远影响，许多国家在政 治制度上效仿英美，推动了全球民主化进程。
英美国家在国际政治中的领导地位
英美国家凭借强大的经济和军事实力，在国际政治中发挥着领导作用，对国际关系和全球事务产 生重大影响。
02
英美国家的贸易政策对全球经济产生深远影响，其贸易策对全球投资环境的影响
03
英美国家的投资政策对全球投资环境产生重要影响，其投资政
策的变化对全球投资格局和经济发展产生重要影响。
文化影响
英美国家文化输出对全球文化多样性的影响
英美国家作为全球文化输出大国，其文化产品对全球文化多样性产生重要影响，影响了世 界各地的文化传统和价值观。
英美国家教育体系对全球教育的启示和影响
英美国家的教育体系被认为是全球最优秀的教育体系之一，其教育理念和方法对全球教育 产生了重要影响和启示。
英美国家科技发展对全球科技进步的推动作用
英美国家在科技领域一直处于领先地位，其科技发展对全球科技进步产生了重要推动作用 ，引领全球科技发展方向。
05
总结与展望
总结词
美国地理环境多样，历史悠久，是世界上的超级大国。
详细描述
美国位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南至墨西哥及古巴。美国拥有丰富的自然 资源，国土面积居世界第四位。美国历史可追溯至1776年独立建国，经历了两次世界大战和冷战，成 为全球领先的政治、经济、军事和文化大国。
政治与经济
总结词
英美国家对外政策的制定与实施
英美国家对外政策的制定与实施对全球政治稳定和国际安全产生重要影响，其外交政策对其他国 家产生示范效应。
英语国家概况-美国部分【清晰完整版】
Chapter 13 geography 地理位置I. Location and size1. The full name of the United States is the United States of America. The continental United States lies in central North America with Canada to its north, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico to its south, the Atlantic Ocean to its east and the Pacific Ocean to its west.Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in America. Alaska borders on northwestern Canada and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。
阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋。
2. The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia, Canada and China.就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国。
3. Of all states of American, Alaska is the largest in area and Rhode Island the smallest. But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。
英美概况美国部分(修正版)
英美概况：美国部分美国是一个世界强国，也是世界上最发达的国家之一。
它是全球第三大面积的国家，也是人口最多的发达国家之一。
在全球政治、经济、文化和科技等多个方面都具有重要影响力。
本文将介绍美国的基本概况，包括历史、政治、经济、文化等方面的信息。
历史美国的历史可以追溯到17世纪初。
当时，欧洲人开始在美洲殖民，最初的定居点之一是弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦。
在接下来的几个世纪里，欧洲的殖民者不断向西扩张，逐渐控制了整个北美洲。
在18世纪末，美国独立战争爆发，美国成功地获得了独立。
之后，美国逐步成为一个强大的国家，经历了艰苦的内战、两次世界大战、冷战等重要时期。
如今，美国已经发展成为一个全球超级大国。
政治美国是一个联邦共和制国家，由50个州和华盛顿特区组成。
美国的总统是国家最高领导人，其它重要政治职位包括国务卿、众议院议长、参议院议长等。
美国的政治体系强调三权分立，即立法、行政和司法。
除了国家政府外，各个州和地方政府也有很大的自治权力。
例如，州政府负责管理其内部的基础设施、教育、警力等方面的事务。
经济美国是世界上最大的经济体之一，并拥有世界上最先进的市场经济体系。
其国内生产总值(GDP)约为21万亿美元，占据了全球总GDP的近四分之一。
美国的经济以服务业和制造业为主。
其中，科技产业是美国经济的一个重要支柱，硅谷和纽约市的科技企业在全球范围内都有重要影响力。
美国的贸易额也非常高，是世界上最大的进口国和第二大出口国。
文化美国文化是世界上最多元化的文化之一，其核心价值包括自由、民主和平等。
美国拥有世界最顶尖的大学、艺术机构和博物馆，其中包括哈佛大学、纽约大都会艺术博物馆、洛杉矶县艺术博物馆等。
美国的音乐和电影产业也非常有名，好莱坞电影更是成为了世界的一张名片。
在日常生活中，美国人非常注重个人隐私和自由，热爱户外运动和旅游。
他们吃的食物和所喜欢的体育运动都各具特色，如热狗、汉堡包、冰淇淋、棒球等。
美国是一个多元化的国家，拥有着丰富的历史、政治、经济和文化。
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University of International Business and Economics Press
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2. Politics in the 1920s
❖ The League of Nations ▪ The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first permanent international organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.
its commitment to active engagement in world affairs. ▪ Clinton’s Presidential successor, George W. Bush, initially spoke of a wish to build on Clinton’s internationalism.
Ⅰ Forming a Government
The constitution that was
created during the hot summer of 1787 was developed by a diverse group of men that consisted of farmers, military men, politicians, businessmen, statesmen, and schemers.
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3. The US Politics 1930s-1940s ❖ Isolationism
▪ Non-Interventionism between the World Wars
Protest march to prevent American involvement in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor. University of International Business and Economics Press
status, and its own colonial empire, was established in the 1890s. ➢ More significantly, the US received the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico.
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3. The US Politics 1930s-1940s
The US’s Road to War, 1937–1941
Hitler declaring war on the United States
on 11 December 1941
Pearl Harbor on October 30, 1941.
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III Politics after the WWII
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
1 The Cold War
2
Martin Luther King
3 Domestic Policy 1961-2001
4 Post-racial Politics
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2. Martin Luther King Civil Rights
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2. Martin Luther King
▪ Reagan immediately showed his foreign policy colours.
▪ Reagan was trying to initiate talks with the USSR. ▪ The Clinton administration (1993-2001) declared
University of International Business and Economics Press
Ⅰ Forming a Government ❖The Concept of the Separation of
Powers
▪ the Executive ; ▪ the Legislature; ▪ the Judiciary, or at least a Supreme Court
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Ⅰ Forming a Government
❖A Federal Government of Limited Power
▪ The term ‘limited power’ needs to be considered carefully because limited power simply implies that there were rules created which restricted the scope of federal government, and it does not necessarily mean that federal government had little power.
Winston Churchill, Harry S. Trumanand Joseph Stalin at the Potsdam Conference, U19ni4ve5rsi.ty of International Business and Economics Press
The End of the Cold War, 1980-2001
3. The US Politics 1930s-1940s
❖ ‘The Grand Alliance’
▪ The Grand Alliance was an alliance made during World War II, which joined together the United States (led by Franklin Roosevelt), the Soviet Union (led by Joseph Stalin) and Great Britain (led by Winston Churchill).
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1. The US Politics 1890-1914
➢ an adherence to the 1823 Monroe Doctrine ➢ It was in the Caribbean, however, that US world power
University of International Business and Economics Press
2. Martin Luther King
❖Individual Rights under the Constitution
white males
females, Native Americans and blacks
in American political system? ❖2. What are the changes to the Constitution
since its implementation? ❖3. At the outbreak of the Civil War, what
situation was the minorities of America in? ❖4. How did Martin Luther King’s actions and
❖ Martin Luther King
▪ Born Michael King, Jr.
January 15, 1929 Atlanta, Georgia, United States
▪ Died April 4, 1968 (aged
39) Memphis, Tennessee, United States
▪ Monuments
Martin
Luther King, Jr. Memorial
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3. Domestic Policy, 1961-2001
❖ New Frontier ▪ The term New Frontier was used by liberal Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy in his acceptance speech in the 1960 United States presidential election to the Democratic National Convention at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum as the Democratic slogan to inspire America to support him. The phrase developed into a label for his administration's domestic and foreign programs.