2018年北京西城初三物理二模试题及答案word

北京市西城区2018年九年级模拟测试

物理试卷

1 .本试卷共8页，五道大题，34道小题，满分

分。考试时间

分钟。

2 ?考生应在试卷、机读卡和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级、姓名和学号。

3 ?选择题在机读卡上作答，其他试题在答题卡上作答，在试卷上作答无效。

4 .选择题、作图题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。

5 ?考试结束时，请将本试卷、机读卡、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。

5?图3所示四个用电器中，主要利用电流热效应工作的是

6. 下列

事例中，通

过做功来改

变物体内能

的是

A ?人们坐在篝火旁烤火取暖

C.用锯锯木头，锯条会升温

7. 关于家庭电路和安全用电，下列说法正确的是

2018.5

考

生

须

知

」、单项选择题（下列各小题四个选项中只有一个选项符合题意。

共

1.下列物理量中，以米/秒作为单位的物理量是

A .质量

B .密度

C .速度

2?下列四种材料中，通常情况下属于导体的是

A .钢铁

B .陶瓷

C .橡胶

30分，每小题2分）

D ?长度

排风扇电热水壶平板电脑电动玩具车

A B图3C D

B .饮料中放入冰块，

D .汽车的表面被烈日晒得很烫

筷子好像在水面“折断”放大镜把文字放大墙上形成“手影”

D .塑料

演员对着镜子画脸谱

篆刻刀的刀刃很锋利

盲道上有凸起的圆点

切蛋器上装有细钢丝

在铁轨下面铺枕木

饮料变凉

B .灯与控制它的开关应串联，与插座也应串联第1页（共

C .当发现有人触电时，要迅速用手把他拉离带电体

D ?家庭电路中安装了漏电保护器，就不用安装空气开关

&如图4所示的四个实例中，机械能减小的是

9.下列说法正确的是

B .活塞式抽水机工作时，靠大气压强把水从低处压到高处

C .将金属盒气压计从山脚拿到山顶，它的示数会变大

D .首先测出大气压数值的实验是马德堡半球实验

10. 下列估测中，最接近实际的是

A .地铁车厢内的咼度大约为 2m

B .人体感觉舒适的室温约为 40

C C .普通山地自行车的质量约为 200g

D .初中男生1km 赛跑所用时间约为1min 11.

卜列说法中正确的是

A . 0C 的冰与0C 的水内能相等

B . 温度越咼的物体含有的热量越多

C .给高烧患者擦拭酒精可降温

D . 物体的速度越大，其内能就越大

卜列有关电与磁的说法中，止确的是

A .电荷定向移动时不会产生磁场

B . 可用磁感线的疏密描述磁场的强弱

C .小磁针N 极指向决定了磁场的方向

D . 电动机是利用电磁感应现象制成的

13. 小刚想利用光照强度自动调节电压表的示数，其原理是：光照增强，光敏电阻

小，电压表的示数随之减小，反之则电压表的示数增大。图路图，若电源电压不变，14. 实验桌上备有带支架的蜡烛、光屏、一个凸透镜、平行光源、光具座等器材。小丽利用

这些器材，按照图6甲所示的方法测出这个凸透镜的焦距。然后她用蜡烛替换掉平行光

A .大气压是不变的, 其大小等于 76cm 高水银柱产生的压强

R x 阻值变 5所示是小刚设计的四个电 R o 是定值电阻，光照强度用符

号 .表示，其中符合要求的是

rGh

R X

R o

匀速水平飞行的飞艇 A

减速下坡的汽车 B 停放在地面的无人机

加速升空的火箭

R X

A .该凸透镜的焦距为 60cm

B .小丽在光屏上看到烛焰的像位于光屏中心的上方

C .图6乙中光屏上得到烛焰的倒立、放大的像，此原理应用于幻灯机

D .小丽若用黑纸遮住透镜的上半部分，则在光屏上仍能得到烛焰完整的像

15. 如图7所示，底面积为 S 的薄壁玻璃杯放在水平桌面上，其中盛有适量的水，将一块质量为

m 、体积为V 的物块A 轻轻放入杯中直至静止，杯中水未溢出，杯内液面上升 h 。则下列说法正确的是

A .物块A 受到的浮力一定为 mg

B .物块A 受到的浮力一定为 p 水gV

C .杯底对水平桌面的压强一定增加了 mg /S

D .杯底对水平桌面的压力一定增加了

p 水ghS

、多项选择题（下列各小题均有四个选项，其中符合题意的选项均多于一个。共

14分,

每小题2分。每小题选项全选对的得 2分，选对但不全的得 1分，有错选的不得分）

A .甲图中：射击运动员在比赛中经常戴耳罩，是为了防止噪声的产生

B .乙图中：“干冰”升华从周围吸热，使空气中的水蒸气液化形成“白气”

C .丙图中：船闸把河流上游和闸室、闸室和下游分成两个可以独立工作的连通器

D .丁图中：一束阳光经过三棱镜折射后发生色散，说明白光是由各种色光组成的

17. 在中国科技馆探索与发现 A 厅，有个可以在平直轨道上匀速行驶的小火车，如图9所示。

当小火车将要通过“ G ”形框架时，突然从小火车顶部的小孔中向上弹出一个小球，该小球越过框架后，恰好落回原来的小孔中。若不计空气阻力，下列说法中正确的是

A .相对于小火车，抛出的小球的运动轨迹是直线

B .小球在空中运动时，受到小火车给的向前的推力

C .抛出的小球能继续向前运动是因为小球具有惯性

D .小球上升至最高处时，它的速度为零，所受合力为零

源，保持凸透镜的位置不变，将点燃的蜡烛放置在如图 6乙所示的位置上，移动光屏,

U -------------------------- m —M ----------------------- r ■ I II i< in ipii i|ini II ■ |i im in ii|in i [in ii'Hii II B||| na II im|ii Him ii| m III ■ i|i m II in pi

nr ■ ?|0c m 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100f

ii p in |ii ii 111 ii| I )c m 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

16 .关于图8所示的各种情景，下列说法中正确的是

直至在光屏上得到烛焰的清晰、完整的像。下列判断正确的是

平行光光源

甲

图7

甲

乙

图8

丙

丁

图9

18. 根据表1和表2提供的资料，判断下列说法中正确的是

表1:几种晶体的熔点（在1标准大气压下）表2:几种物质的比热容

晶体熔点（C ）

固态酒精—117

固态水银—39

冰0

物质比热容:J/(kg -C)]

水 4.2 X103

煤油 2.1 X03

干泥土0.84 X03

A .在1标准大气压下，把—20C的冰块放入20C的房间，冰块会立刻熔化

B .南极冬季气温一般在- 40C以下，在南极测量气温可选择酒精温度计C.

2kg的水和1kg的煤油，温度均升高1C,水和煤油吸收的热量相等D ?质量

相同的水和干泥土放出相同热量，干泥土降低的温度比水多

19 .如图10所示，金属小球从光滑轨道中的后，再沿轨道

向上运动。若不计空气阻力，则下列说法中正确的是

A .小球能沿轨道向上运动到E点处

B. 小球从A点加速下滑时，重力对它做了功

C. 小球到达C点时，它的动能最大，重力势能最小

D .小球到达D点时的机械能大于它到达

A点处由静止滑下，经过

B点时的机械能

20.如图11所示的四个实验，下列说法中正确的是

A .两个放有磁体的小车靠近，松手后两小车同时向后运动，说明力的作用是相互的

B .同一只自制密度计在两种液体中静止，甲杯中液体的密度大于乙杯中液体的密度

C.用橡皮锤敲击右侧的音叉，左边完全相同的音叉也会发声，说明空气可以传声

D .用带负电的橡胶棒靠近轻质泡沫小球，小球被吸引，说明小球可能带正电

21.小磊做实验探究“通电螺线管外部的磁场分布”。他在螺线管的两端各放一个小磁针,

并在硬纸板上均匀地撒满铁屑。通电后轻敲纸板，小磁针的指向和铁屑的排列情况，如

图12所示。当改变螺线管中电流方向时，小磁针的指向会改

变。下列说法中正确的是

A .通电螺线管外部的磁场与条形磁铁的磁场相似

B .通电时，螺线管的左端相当于条形磁铁的N极

C.通电螺线管的磁场方向与螺线管中电流的方向无关D .通过电

流不变，在此螺线管内插入铁棒，其磁场会增强

22.小华学习浮力知识时，他使用：弹簧测力计、细线、正方体物体A、柱形容器、水和盐

B点，到达最低点C

图10

水，做了如图13所示的一系列实验。下列说法中正确的是

24. (1)如图19所示，标有角度的半圆形硬纸板ENF竖直放置，平面镜紧贴硬纸板水平放

置，用激光笔贴着硬纸板射出一束光沿AO方向射向平面镜，经镜面反射后会沿着

_________ (选填“ OB”、“ OC”和“ OD”)方向射出。

(2)用手拉住弹簧测力计使其竖直向上运动，当物体A沿水平方向__________ 运动时,

如图20所示，物体A受到水平面的滑动摩擦力为_____________ N。

A .由图13甲、乙可知，物体A下表面受到的

水的压力为0.4N

B .由图13甲、乙、丁可知，浮力的大小跟液

体的密度有关

C.由图13甲、乙、丙可知，浮力的大小跟物体

排开液体的体积有关

D ?若将物体A从图13 丁中的盐水中取出,

则盐水对容器底部的压力减小 1.2N

图13

、实验解答题(共36分，23题(1) (2)(3)、28题、29题(2)每空2分；30题4分；31题4分；其他题每图、每空1分。)

23. _______________________________________ ( 1)

如图14所示，木块的长度是_____________________ cm。

(2) ____________________________________ 如

图15所示，电流表的示数是_______________________ A。

> ?7 8

11II11|11111

9cm

(4)如图17所示，用量筒测出石块的体积为 ____________ cm3。

(5)用如图18所示的滑轮组提升重物，请画出最省力的绕线方法。

甲

3.6N

丙

水

卜

土图15图16 图17图18

图19图20

2018北京东城高三二模语文试题及答案

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