英语双学位

Week 3Passage A: Enjoy Your FoodPassage B: Eating with SeasonsPassage C: Delicious PhrasesPassage D: Dealing with AdversityWeek 4Passage A: Back Seat LearnersPassage B: The Best Time of My LifePassage C: Vote for Our Hero of the YearPassage D: The Princess and the NunWeek 6Passage A: Privacy，Neither Absolute Nor Highly Valued Passage B: A Thing Called Radar WinePassage C: Police Handling of GangsPassage D: Why Men and Women Can‟t CommunicateWeek 7Passage A: English FoodPassage B: Another Reason to Lose WeightPassage C: WalkingPassage D: The Melting Pot and the Salad BowlWeek 8Passage A: Baby TalkPassage B: The Advantages of StupidityPassage C: 50 Habits of “Naturally Thin” PeopleWeek 9Passage A: Dance with MePassage B: To Make a Beautiful Dumb Girl Smart (Part I) Passage C: To Make a Beautiful Dumb Girl Smart (Part II)Enjoy Your FoodThe French have a saying: Regret nothing in matters of love and food. Puzzled scientists who have been trying to figure out why the French have such low rates of heart disease in spite of their rich diets (known as the French Paradox) have found that the answer is passion. The French are passionate about their food and really enjoy it. They never think of food as sinful; instead, they simply think of it as delicious. To the French, food is a work of art, meant to be enjoyed. To Americans, food is calorie-laden, fattening, and forbidden. They tend to think about food as either fuel or poison; they fear the effect it will have on their bodies. In France, good food feeds the soul, not the body; the French mock the idea of “food police” watching every gram of fat.They also mock the way Americans eat: Everywhere and anywhere is a dining room. Americans eat in cars, walking on the street, and at desks while they work. In France, eating takes place only in restaurants or at dinner tables at home. The typical American pattern of eating is considered nomadic eating or vagabond feeding and grazing.There is a huge distinction between the two countries in quantity and quality of food. In the United States, they are taught that large portions are good—even if the food is mediocre or of poor quality. In France, the taste and quality of the food is the most important factor; when the taste is good and the quality of the food is high, the appetite is satiated, making the quantity or portion size unimportant.When food is enjoyed, endorphins(内啡肽) are considered that help us feel better and relieve stress. One of the most well-known comfort foods, chocolate, has been found to have this effect. And by the way, when you sit down to eat, please use the good dishes! What are you saving them for? (324 words)Eating with SeasonsFresh spring lettuce, succulent fruits in summer, autumn‟s squash and wild rice, root vegetables in winter. Eating fresh seasonal produce not only is delicious, it is a good way to connect with the rhythms of the natural world. And that, according to Dr. Elson Haas, founder and director of the Preventive Medical Center in San Rafael, California, is essential to good health.“Your well-being depends upon understanding and integrating you own cycles with the nature,” Haas writes in his newly reissued book Staying Healthy with the Seasons. Originally published in 1981, this classic was one of the first books to integrate Eastern healing traditions with modern Western medicine and helped shape today‟s burgeoning field of integrative medicine. Haas considers health through the lens of the five seasons (including late summer) and the Chinese Five Element theory, which holds that all energy and substance relate to fire, earth, metal (or air), water, or wood. In the human body, he explains, each element is important for specific body organs, “which in turn become especially vulnerable with each new season.”Autumn, the season of the large intestine and lungs, is the time for concentrating on elimination and cold prevention, as well as building up for winter with proteins,grains, vegetables, nuts and seeds. Winter‟s emphasis on the kidney and bladder requires attention to reproductive processes and the warming nutrition of fish, cooked foods, and began. Spring‟s dietary emphasis is on citrus, greens, and herb teas because this is the season of the liver and it is all about cleansing. In summer, the season of the heart, it‟s time to focus on exercise and eating cooling foods like salads, fruits, and liquids. Detoxifying is the core of Haas‟ approach. “Most illnesses are a result of excess toxins in the body,” he writes. “Healing is the elimination or cleansing of these toxins, and then achieving a balance of intake and output.” Unlike fasting, w hich is defined as water intake, only, cleansing is done by drinking only fruit and vegetable juices—eating no solid foods—for five to ten days or longer.Perfect in spring and great in early autumn—but good for you any time, says Haas—is Stanley Burrou ghs‟ Master Cleanser recipe. With lemon juice, maple syrup, and the cayenne pepper, it offers a good balance of sweet, sour, and spicy flavors. While your body is gently cleansed, the maple syrup provides energy. The pepper keeps the body warm and eliminates toxins and mucus. And lemon clears toxins from deep tissues and organs.Just as the earth cleanses and rebuilds itself throughout the year, detoxifying the body is a great way to get started on a more natural cycle of healthy eating. (482 words)Delicious PhrasesCurious origins of our tasty language.The Cold ShoulderBelieve it or not, there was a time when giving someone the cold shoulder didn‟t just mean publicly snubbing them; it actually meant handing them a cold shoulder, as in a cold shoulder of beef. During the Middle Ages, the easiest way to hint to guests that they‟d overstayed their welcome was to serve them a heaping mound of cold cow parts.Humble PieIn the 13th century, British families tended to divide up food after a hunt by giving the best portions of meat to the man who shot the stag, his eldest son, and his closest male friends. Those of lesser importance (the man‟s wife and his remaining children, for example) were graciously offered the umbles—organs like the heart, the brain, the kidneys and the entrails. Years later, some punster added a “h” the phrase, and “to eat humble pie” because synonymous with any sort of humiliation.Bring Home the BaconWhat today means coming home with a paycheck used to be a bit more literal. In the 12th century, the Dunmow Church in Essex County, Britain, began awarding cured bacon strips to newly married couples if they could swear after one year of marriage they had never once regretted the decision. Standards got a little stiffer in the 16th century when the church turned the event into a competition: Couples had to appearbefore a jury of six bachelors and bachelorettes and plead the magnitude of their happiness in order to “bring home the bacon.”HamThe common term for someone guilty of overacting is abbreviated from the slightly longer, slightly more offensive “hamfatter.” Low-grade minstrel actors often didn‟t have the cash to spring for cold cream, so they resorted to applying ham fat to their faces to help remove their stage makeup. The facial application soon became permanently connected to the actors who wore it.To Stew in One’s Own JuicesMeaning to suffer the consequences of your own actions, the phrase goes back to the 13th century when “stewing in your juices” was a euphemism for being burned at the stake.Pleased at PunchBelieve it or not, the punch in the phrase doesn‟t refer to a tasty beverage, but instead to the main character in the old-time punch and Judy puppet shows. A staple at Eur opean carnivals, the “Punch and Judy” show was madly popular in the days before TV. The humorous puppet act always ended in a pleased Punch outwitting his shrewish wife, hence the phrase.Baker’s DozenBakers of old weren‟t exactly the most ethical people. In fact, it was pretty well known that bakers cheated customers regularly by making loaves of bread that contained more air pockets than solid material. By 1266 the British Parliament was fed up (or not fed up, as it were) with the airy substitutes, so they mandated a law that bread had to be sold by weight. The penalties were pretty extreme. (A Turkish version of the law stated that bakers were to be nailed to their shop doors by the ears if they shortchanged a customer.) Most bakers, however, didn‟t have the power weighing equipment. Bakers quickly decided that forking over an extra loaf for every dozen was an easy way to avoid sentence. (558 words)Dealing with AdversityA daughter complained to her father about her life and how things were so hard for her. She did not know how she was going to make it and wanted to give up. She was tired of fighting and struggling. It seemed as one problem was solved a new one arose. Her father, a chef ,took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire. Soon the pots came to a boil. In one he placed carrots, in the second he placed eggs, and in the last he placed ground coffee beans. He let them sit and boil, without saying a word.The daughter sucked her teeth and impatiently waited, wondering what he was doing. In about twenty minutes he turned off the burners. He fished the carrots out and placed them in a bowl. He pulled the eggs out and placed them a bowl. Then he ladled the coffee out and placed it in a mug. Turning to her he asked, “Darling, what do you see?” “Carrots, eggs, and coffee,” she replied.He brought her closer and asked her to feel the carrots. She did and noted that they were soft. He then asked her to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the hard-boiled egg. Finally, he asked her to sip the coffee. She smiled as she tasted its rich aroma. She humbly asked. “What does it mean, Father?” He explained that each of them had faced the same adversity, boiling water, but each reacted differently. The carrot went in strong, hard, and unrelenting. But after being subjected to the boiling water, it softened and became weak. The egg had been fragile. Its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior. But after sitting through the boiling water, its inside became hardened. The ground coffee beans were unique, however. After they were in the boiling water, they had changed the water. “Which are you?” he asked his daughter. “When adversity knocks on your door, how do you respond? Are you a carrot, an egg, or a coffee bean?”How about you, my friend? Are you the carrot that seems hard, but with pain and adversity you wilt and become soft and lose your strength? Are you the egg, which starts off with a malleable heart? Were you a fluid spirit, but after a death, a breakup, a divorce, or a layoff have you become hardened and stiff? Your shell looks the same, but are you bitter and tough with a stiff spirit and heart? Or are you like the coffee bean? The bean changes the hot water, the thing that is bringing the pain, to its peak flavor when it reaches 212 degrees Fahrenheit. When the water gets the hottest, it just tastes better. If you are like the bean, when things are at their worst, you get better and make things better around you.Ask yourself how you handle adversity. Are you a carrot, an egg, or a coffee bean?Back Seat LearnersBe careful how you drive. Your children will pick up your bad habits.If you‟re a menace behind the wheel of a car, then your children will probably be bad drivers too. American researchers have found that the offspring of drivers with a bad accident record are also likely to have a disproportionate number of accidents when they start to drive themselves.“If parents set a bad example, it is logical that the child will follow suit.”Says Jane Eason, a spokeswoman for Britain‟s Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents. “Parents should set an example. It‟s never too early to teach people about road safety.”Susan Ferguson of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety and her Colleagues looked at the accident records of 140 000 families in North Carolina, comparing therecords of parents with their children between the ages of 18 and 21. They found that children of parents who had been in at least three crashes in the previous five years were 22 percent more likely to have crashed their car than the children of parents who had not had an accident.The researchers found a similar link for traffic violations, such as exceeding the speed limit and running a red light. If the parents had three or more violations, their children were 38 percent more likely to have broken traffic laws. Sons were twice as likely to have broken traffic laws as daughters. However, children from single-parent households had a slightly better accident record—possibly because these families are likely to drive less, the researchers say.The findings also confirmed that accident record of this group of teenagers was far worse than drivers‟ records. “Teens are at high risk when they drive,” says Ferguson. “But I think parents need to be aware that they could be serving as role models for their children both before they are licensed and when they are learning to drive. (321 words)Poor Dad, Rich DadI had two fathers, a poor one and a rich one. One was highly educated and intelligent; he had a Ph.D. and completed four years of undergraduate work in less than two years. He then went on to Stanford University, the University of Chicago, and Northwest University to do his advanced studies; all on full financial scholarships. The other father never finished the eighth grade.Both men were successful in their careers, working hard all their lives. Both earned substantial incomes. Yet one struggled financially all his life. The other would become one of the richest men in Hawaii. One died leaving tens of millions of dollars to his family, charities and his church. The other left bills to be paid.Both men were strong, charismatic and influential. Both men offered me advice, but they did not advice the same things. Both men believed strongly in education but did not recommend the same course of study.If I had had only one dad, I would have had to accept or reject his advice. Having two dads advising me offered me the choice of contrasting points of view: one of a rich man and one of a poor man. Instead of simply accepting or rejecting one or the other, I found myself thinking more, comparing and choosing for myself.The problem was, the rich man was not rich yet and the poor man not yet poor. Both were just staring out on their careers, and both were struggling with money and families. But they had very different points of view about the subject of money. For example, one dad would say, “The love of money is the root of all evil.” The other, “The lack of money is the root of all evil.”As a young boy, having two strong fathers both influencing me was difficult. I wanted to be a good son and listen, but the two fathers did not say the same things. The contrast in their points of view, particularly where money was concerned, was so extreme that I grew curious and intrigued. I began to start thinking for long periods of time about what each of them was saying.Much of my private time was spent reflecting, asking myself questions such as, “Why does he say that?”and then asking the same questions of the other dad‟s statement. It would have been much easier to simply say, “Yeah, he‟s right. I agree with that.”Or to simply reject the point of view by saying, “The old man doesn‟t know what he‟s talking about.” Instead, having two dads whom I loved forced me to think and ultimately choose a way of thinking for myself. As a process, choosing for myself turned out to be much more valuable in the long run, rather than simply accepting or rejecting a single point of view.One of the reasons the rich get richer, the poor get poorer, and the middle class struggle in debt is because the subject of money is taught at home, not in school. Most of us learn about money from our parents. So what can be a poor parent tell their child about money? They simply say “Study in school and study hard.”The child may graduate with excellent grades but with a poor person‟s financial programming and mindset. It was learned while the child was young.Money is not taught in schools. Schools focus on scholastic and professional skills, but not on financial skills. This explains how smart bankers, doctors and accountants who earned excellent grades in school may still struggle financially all of their lives. Our staggering national debt is due in large part to highly educated politicians and government officials making financial decisions with little or no training on the subject of money.I often look ahead to the new millennium and wonder what will happen when we have millions of people who will need financial and medical assistance. They will be dependent on their families or the government for financial support. What will happen when Medicare and Social Security run out of money? How will a nation survive if teaching children about money continues to be left to parents—most of whom will be, or already are, poor?Because I had two influential fathers, I learned from both of them. I had to think about each dad‟s advice, and in doing so, I gained valuable insight into the power and effect of one‟s thoughts on one‟s life. For example, one dad had a habit of saying, “I can‟t afford it.” The other dad forbade those words to be used. He insisted I say, “How can I afford it?” One is a statement, and the other is a question. One lets you off the hook, and the other forces you to think. By asking the question “How can I afford it?”your brain is put to work. He did not mean buy everything you wanted. He was fanatical about exercising your mind, the most powerful computer in the world. “My brain gets stronger every day because I exercise it. The stronger it gets, the more money it gets, the more money I can make.” He believed that automatically saying “I can‟t afford it” was a sign of mental laziness.Although both dads worked hard, I noticed that one dad had habit of putting his brain to sleep when it came to money matters, and the other had a habit of exercising the brain. The long-term result was that one dad grew stronger financially and other grew weaker, it is not much different from a person who goes to the gym to exercise on a regular basis versus someone who sits on the couch watching television. Proper exercise increases your chances for wealth. Laziness decreases both health and wealth.My two dads had opposite attitudes in thought. One dad recommended, “Study hard so you can find a good company to work for.” The other recommended, “Study hard so you can find a good company to buy.” One dad said‟“The reason I‟m not rich is because I have you kids.” The other said, “The reason I must be rich is because I have you kids.”One encouraged talking about money and business at the dinner table. The other forbade the subject of money to be discussed over a meal. One believed, “Our home is our largest investment and greatest asset.” The other believed, “My house is a liability, and if your house is your largest investment, you‟re in trouble.One dad believed in a company or the government taking care of you and your needs. He was always concerned about pay rises, retirement plans, medical benefits, sick leaves, vacation days and other perks. He also loved the tenure system available through the university. The idea of job protection for life and job benefits seemed more important, at times, than the job. He would often say, “I‟ve worked hard for the government, and I‟m entitled to these benefits.” The other believed in total financial serf-reliance. He spoke out against the “entitlement”mentality and how it was creating weak and financially needy people. He was emphatic about financially competent.One dad struggled to save a few dollars. The other simply created investments. One dad taught me how to write an impressive resume so I could find a good job. The other taught me how to write strong business and financial plans so I could create jobs.Being a product of two strong dads allowed me the luxury of observing the effects different thoughts have on one‟s life. I noticed that people really do shape their life through their thoughts.For example, my poor dad always said, “I‟ll never be rich.”And that prophesy became reality. My rich dad, on the other hand, always referred to himself as rich. He would say things like, “I‟ am a rich man, and rich people don‟t do this.” Even when he was flat broke after a major financial set-back, he continued to refer to himself as a rich man. He would cover himself by saying, “There is a difference between being poor and being broken. Broke is temporary, and poor is eternal.”The power of our thoughts may never be measured or appreciated, but it became obvious to me as a young boy to be aware of my thoughts and how I expressed myself.I noticed that my poor dad was poor not because of the amount of money he earned, which was significant, but because of his thoughts and actions. AS a young boy, having two fathers, I became acutely aware of being careful which thoughts I chose to adopt as my own. Whom should I listen to my rich dad or my poor dad?Although both men had tremendous respect for education and learning, they disagreed in what they thought was important to learn. One would want me to study hard, earn a degree and get a good job to work for money. He wanted me to study to become a professional, an attorney or an accountant or to go to business school for my MBA. The other encouraged me to study to understand how money works and learn how to have it work for me. “I don‟t work for money!” were words he would repeat over and over, “Money works for me!”(1552 words)The Best Time of My LifeIt was June 15, and in two days I would be turning thirty. I was insecure about entering a new decade of my life and feared that my best years were now behind me.My daily routine included going to the gym for a workout before going to work. Every morning I would see my friend Nicholas at the gym. He was seventy-nine years old and in terrific shape. As I greeted Nicholas on this particular day, he noticed I wasn‟t full of my usual vitality and asked if there was anything wrong. I told him I was feeling anxious about turning thirty. I wondered how I would look back on my life once I reached Nicholas‟s age, so I asked him,” What was the best time of your life?”Without hesitation, Nicholas replied, “Well, Joe, this is my philosophical answer to your philosophical question:“When I was a child in Austria and everything was taken care of for me and I was nurtured by my parents, that was the best time of my life.“When I was going to school and learning the things I know today, that was the best time of my life.”“When I got my first job and had responsibilities and got paid for my efforts, that was the best time of my life.”“When I met my wife and fell in love, that was my best time of my life.”“The Second World War came, and my wife and I had to flee Austria to save our lives. When we were together and safe on a ship bound for North America, that was the best time of my life.”“When we came to Canada and started a family, that was the best of my life.”“When I was a young father, watching my children grow up, that was the best time of my life.”“And now, Joe, I am seventy-nine years old. I have my health, I feel good and I am in love with my wife just as I was when we first met. This is the best time of my life.”(350words)Vote for Our Hero of the YearEach month our editors face a difficult decision: Which extraordinary American will be our Everyday Hero? Once a year we put the challenge to you: Tell us which of the past year’s heroes you found most inspiring. Vote at /heroes. The winner is invited to ring the closing bell at the New York Stock Exchange. We’ll share highlights in our April issue.The SurferF rom a surfer‟s perspective, July20, 2004, was a gorgeous afternoon. Offshore storms had churned up the Atlantic, generating giant waves. Jason Clauss, 26, got in agood two hours at Dolphin Lane Beach, near his home on the eastern tip of Long Island, New York. He was peeling off his wet suit when a boy ran up, pointing to the water. “Two kids are in trouble,” he said.Clauss could make out a pair of swimmers splashing and waving their arms. He grabbed his board and ran into the waves.Two brothers, 10 and 13, had been snared by a riptide. Paddling furiously, Clauss managed to reach the younger of the two and prop him up on his surfboard. He dove into the chilly water seven times, looking for the other boy, but with no luck. Clauss, who nearly lost his own brother to a riptide13 years before, is still haunted by the kid he could not save. But police sergeant Richard Bookamer, who was on the beach that day, says with utmost certainty that if Jason Clauss hadn‟t reacted so quickly and decisively, there would have been two drownings instead of one. (March)The VisitorsJohn Springer and Jane Margaret Dow were visiting their elderly parents at a retirement home in Alexandria, Virginia, when suddenly, the Sunday afternoon quiet was interrupted by a bloodcurdling cry. An employee was attacking his boss with a knife. Springer rushed at the man, grabbing his arm, and allowing the victim, Jeanne Hobbs, to get away. Mustafa Mohamed turned the knife on Springer, leaving facial wounds that required 48 stitches. Then he made his way down the hall, slashing at patients. Heart racing, Dow stepped into Mohamed‟s path, raised the can of pepper spray she always carried in her purse and blasted him in the eyes. Says a grateful Jeanne Hobbs, “How many people are going to do that?” (May)The NeighborAwakened by screams one freezing morning in December, 2004, John Cammarata stumbled out of bed and over to the window. A house across the street was on fire. He dialed 911, and then threw on sweats and ran outside. At 40, Cammarata suffered from a cardiac condition and had recently undergone an angioplasty. He‟d only been backto work as a New York City bus driver for three months. But the owners of the burning house, the Gallos, had four foster children. He wouldn‟t be able to live on this block if he stood by while they died. Behind him, his wife, Denise, called, “Think about your heart!”Holding his breath, he went into the house three times until he‟d pulled everybody to safety. As power lines exploded overhead, he ran door to door, getting other families out of their homes. The next day Cammarata awoke to find himself labeled a hero on the front page of the New York Daily News. And when he showed up on his bus route, passengers applauded. (April)The Safety PatrollerFifth-grader Pytrce Farmer wore the fluorescent lime belt that identified her as amember of the Safety Patrol as she stood vigilantly outside Eva Turner Elementary School in Waldorf, Maryland—something she did every day. That afternoon, for reasons he can‟t explain, six-year- old Gabriel Dickson stepped off the sidewalk, right into traffic. A van was heading straight for him. Everyone froze—except Farmer. She grabbed the boy and yanked him back. The van, only inches away, jerked to a stop. For her bravery, Farmer was awarded an AAA School Safety Patrol Lifesaving Medal. And Gabriel says he learned his lesson: “Stay on the sidewalk.” (June)The Whistle- BlowerPeter scannell knew they were onto him. But he refused to back down, and wound up exposing one of the biggest scams in mutual fund history. For months Scannell had protested to his bosses at Putnam Investments in Boston that some laborunion investors were making unethical, if not outright illegal, trades. But the brass turned a blind eye. So Scannell went to the SEC. Two days later, a burly guy in a gray Boilermakers Local 5 sweatshirt grabbed him as he sat in his car and bashed him in the head with a brick. For weeks afterward, Scannell felt dizzy and had headaches. He was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder and was on disability, losing$100,000 in wages. Still, he has no regrets.Ultimately, Putnam agreed to pay $110 million in restitution and penalties. “I give all th e credit in the world to Peter,” says Matthew Nestor, Massachusetts director of securities. “It‟s not easy to be the one person who stands up and says, …This is wrong.‟ ”(February)The PasserbyAs he drove home in a blinding rainstorm, Ednei Lima saw a man climb up onto a bridge and jump. Lima went right after him, into the swirling waters of the Still River in Danbury, Connecticut. Far from grateful, 19-year-old Andrew Higgenbottom punched and kicked his rescuer. “I got my reasons to kill myself,” he sa id. But Lima wasn‟t about to let the young man die. Thanks to a black belt in jujitsu, he managed to wrestle Higgenbottom to the riverbank and hold him until EMTs arrived. “I had no time to think whether it was dangerous,” said Lima. “I just wanted to get the kid out.” (November)The InventorDetermined to create the world‟s cheapest wheelchair, Don Schoendorfer, a mechanical engineer from Orange County, California, tinkered in his garage for three hours every day before work. The chair would have to traverse mountains, swamps and deserts, and endure heat and frost. Around the world many of the poorest people live on less than $2 a day and could never dream of buying a Westerntype wheelchair. Finally, one day he hit on just the right design: the ubiquitous white plastic lawn chair, with two sturdy bike tires.Today the chairs can be shipped anywhere in the world for just$41.17.。