高考英语 核心考点突破 复合句、强调句

核心考点突破
考点1定语从句
定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择是关键，这就要注意分析它们在从句中所作的句子成分，如果作主语、宾语、表语、定语，则用关系代词which,that,who,whom,whose,若作状语，则用关系副词when,where,why。

注意下列情况：
1.只用that的情况：
(1)当先行词是不定代词，如all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,the one等时。

(2)先行词(指物的)前面有only,few,one of,little,no,all,every,very等词修饰时。

(3)先行词被序数词first,last,next等或形容词的最高级修饰时。

(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。

(5)当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时，如：
China isn’t the country that she used to be 50 years ago.
He is no longer the man that he used to be.
It’s a book that will help y ou a great deal.
(6)当主句是以who,which或what开头的特殊疑问句时。

(7)g.当主句以There be...结构开头时，如：
There is a seat in the corner that is still free.
There are two tickets of the film that are for you.
(8)当先行词是what时，如：
What did you hear that made you so angry?
(9)当先行词是基数词时，如：
Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.Now you can see the two that are still alive.
2.只用which
(1)在非限制性定语从句中，充当主语或定语时
(2)当关系代词前有介词时
(3)当先行词本身that是时，如：
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
3.只用who不用that
(1)先行词是one,ones或anyone时。

(2)先行词为those 或被those修饰，指人时，如：
Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
(3)在there be...的句子中，先行词为人时，如：
There is a comrade outside who wants to see you.
(4)当定语从句中又有定语从句，且先行项都为人时，如：
The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.
(5)当指人的先行项被一些指物的名词修饰时,如：
There’s only one student in the school who I want to see.
Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back who is working in the fields?
(6)在非限制性定语从句中指人，如：
I met a friend of mine in the street,who had just come from America.
(7)定语从句中有插入语时,并不影响关系代词和副词的选择。

如：
Jackson is a man who I believe is honest.
He won another award,which I think is the result of his hard work.
4.在定语从句中，whose作定语，其先行词既可以是人，又可以是物。

如：
Lei Feng was a great communist fighter whose death was weightier than Mount Tai.
Where’s the window whose glass is broken?
5.as,which的比较
(1)在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。

如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用,如：
Grammar is not a set of dead rules,which/as I have said before.
(2)如从句在主句之前，用as。

(3)如关系代词代表主句全句意思，有“正如……，就像……”之意时，用as，如：
We won the match,as we had expected.
(4)当先行词被the same,such,so修饰时，用as。

如：
This is the same book as you bought yesterday.(同类书)
比较：This is the same book that you bought yesterday.(同一本书)
考点2名词性从句
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，它们在复合句中的功用相当于名词，因此称为名词性从句，在句中分别作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。

1.主语从句
引导词：连词that，whether;疑问代词who,what,which;疑问副词when,where,how,why
(1)连词that(无词义),whether(是否),在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用;whether能引导主语从句，而if不能。

如：
That you don’t like him has nothing to do with me.
Whether John will do this experiment remains a question.
(2)疑问代词who,what,which,在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

如：
Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced.
What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well.
Which school will win the prize is not known.
Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown.
Whichever you take will be yours.
Whoever wants this book may take it.
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
(3)疑问副词when,where,how,why在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语。

如：
When they will start hasn’t been decide d yet.
Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story.
How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery.
Why he often comes here is known to us all.
2.表语从句
用法和主语从句的用法基本相同，只需注意下面几点：
(1)the reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导，我们学生易犯“the reason is because...”的错误，如：
The reason why the little actress has been such a success is that she is both clever and hard-working.
(2)在表示命令order等，建议suggestion,advice等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，should可省略，如：
His suggestion is that we(should)hold another meeting to discuss the problem.
(3)连接副词 why的常用句型：
That’s why I was late.
(4)连词because引导表语从句，只用在That/This/It is because...结构中，如：
That is because she often works hard.
3.宾语从句
用法基本和主语从句的用法相同。

4.同位语从句
一般跟在某些名词后面，用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容。

经常带同位语从句的名词有
fact,news,message,doubt,possibility,idea,reason,belief,hope,thought,promise,sugg estion,question等。

用法基本和主语从句的用法相同。

名词性从句的用法关键是掌握连接词的一般用法和特殊用法，要多练习，多琢磨，多比较。