直译和意译(练习)译文
英语翻译--汉译英4.词语的直译和意译
香酥鸡 清炖甲鱼 鱼香肉丝 涮羊肉 青椒肉片 五香牛肉 红烧狮子头 麻婆豆腐 炸酱面 元宵 童子鸡 四喜丸子
crisp fried chicken braised turtle in clear soup fish-flavored shredded pork in hot sauce instant boiled mutton fried sliced pork and green pepper spiced beef stewed minced pork balls with brown sauce spicy bean curd in Sichuan style noodles in Beijing style sweet dumpling spring chicken braised pork balls in gravy
most-favored-nation treatment
2. 词语的意译
拳头产品
competitive products / knock-out products
经济作物
cash crops / industrial crops
向钱看
money-oriented / money grubbing / money mad
专业技术职务
（副）教授 讲师 助教 （副）研究员 助理研究员 （副）编审 （助理）编辑 主任医师 主治医生 高级经济师 高级会计师
( associate) professor lecturer assistant teacher ( associate) research fellow assistant research fellow ( associate) professor of editorship ( assistant) editor professor of medicine consultant senior business engineer senior accountant
[转载]翻译第三讲参考译文（直译意译）
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[转载]翻译第三讲参考译⽂（直译意译）原⽂地址：翻译第三讲参考译⽂(直译意译）作者：⽯壁头翻译第三讲参考译⽂直译Vs意译⼆、翻译总原则▲该直译就直译：(1).No matter what may happen, the Chinese people will firmly support the oppressed people of the world.译⽂：不管发⽣什么事情，中国⼈民都要坚定地⽀持世界上被压迫的⼈民。
(2).Exchange of idea is necessary, for without it, it is impossible to achieve mutural understanding.译⽂：思想交流是必要的，因为没有思想交流，便不可能达到相互了解。
(3).创新是⼀个民族的灵魂。
Innovation is the soul of a nation.(4).黛⽟说：你说你会过⽬成诵，难道我就不能⼀⽬⼗⾏了！意译：You needn't imagine you are the only one with a good memory,” said Dai-yu naughtily. “I suppose I'm allowed to remember lines too if I like. （David Hawks）直译：You boast that you can memorize a passage with one reading. Why can't I learn ten lines at one glance?（杨宪益；戴乃迭）▲直译造成意义晦涩：(1).It's a Smoke Free Area.意译：这是个⽆烟区。
(2).Shakespeare put his hometown on the map.意译：莎⼠⽐亚使他的家乡声名远仰。
翻译方法--直译和意译
意译决不是妄加删改,添油加醋的胡译,乱译. 1.It rains cats and dogs. 雨下得很大. 2.我就是跳进黄河也洗不清. It can't make me clean even if I jump into the Yellow River. Nothing could bring back my innocence. 3.Criminals must be made to see the consequences of their crimes. "An eye for eye and a tooth for tooth " is the very basis of Justice. 直译:必须使罪犯看到自己犯罪的结果,"以眼还眼, 以牙还牙"正是法制的基础. 意译:必须使罪犯看到自己犯罪的结果,"以其人之道 还治其人之身"正是法制的基础.
我走在厚厚的地毯上,一点脚步声也没有.
3. You should not despise him because 看不起他. 4. Reports of new successes keep pouring in. 捷报频传 5. He sold hard-to-get items. 他兜售紧俏商品.
1. 你越是努力学习英语,你说英语就会越好. The harder you study English, the better you speak it. 2. 据说他一直学英语. He is said to have been studying English./ It is said that he has been studying English. 3. 他要在美国学习的愿望是可以理解的. His wish to study in America is quite understandable./ It is quite understandable that he wishes to study in America.
英语四级翻译练习与译文
英语四级翻译练习与译文【翻译原文】放鞭炮曾是春节庆祝活动中最重要的习俗之一。
然而，担心燃放鞭炮可能会带来危险和烦人的噪音，政府已在许多大城市下令禁止燃放鞭炮。
但在小城镇和农村地区的人们仍然坚持这种传统的庆祝活动。
除夕夜一旦时钟撞响午夜12点钟，城市和乡镇都被烟花的闪闪光芒映亮，鞭炮声震耳欲聋。
一家人熬夜就为这个欢乐的时刻，孩子们一手拿鞭炮，一手拿火机兴高采烈地点放着他们在这个特殊节日的快乐，尽管他们吓得捂着耳朵。
【参考译文】Lighting Firecrackers used to be one of the most important customs in the Spring Festival celebration. However, concerning the danger and the negative noises that lighting firecrackers may bring, the government has banned this practice in many major cities. But people in small towns and rural areas still hold to this traditional celebration. Right as the clock strike 12 oclock midnight of New Years Eve, cities and towns are lit up with the glitter from fireworks, and the sound can be deafening. Families stay up for this joyful moment and kids with firecrackers in one hand and a lighter in another cheerfully light their happiness in this especial occasion, even though they plug their ears.【翻译原文】在春节第一天或此后不久，大家都穿着新衣服，带着弓向亲戚和朋友打招呼并恭喜(祝贺)，彼此祝愿在新的一年里好运，幸福。
直译与意译 赏析
【例16】“Why get involved with that pathetic excuse for a human being? His father demanded angrily. 【译文】“为什么要跟那样的下三烂(人渣)混在一起？” 他父亲气 冲冲地问道。 【赏析】“that pathetic excuse for a human being”字面意思是 “可悲的人类的拙劣样品”，但显然不符合汉语表达习惯，意 思十分别扭。翻译为“下三烂”或“人渣”十分传神，可视为 意译佳例。 【例17】The problem is staring us in the face. 【译文】问题明摆着，我们就是想回避也回避不了。 【赏析】本句如照实译为“问题正在盯着我们看”，不仅意思模 糊，而且也没能传递出原文深层含义；译文避开原文基本含义， 将其真实含义饱满传递出来，看似简单，实则不易。
【例3】 My sister goes back to the fat farm again. 【译文】我妹妹又去减肥中心了。 【赏析】有学生望文生义，将这句话译成“我妹妹又去肥胖农场 了。”殊不知fat farm是个俚语说法，意思是“减肥中心”。去 那里的人须要进行大量的体育锻炼，消耗的体力不亚于在农场 干活，而且还要控制饮食，才能取得令人满意的减肥效果，所 以才有此一说。 顺带说一下，英语学习者遇到fat一定要小心，比如：You have a fat chance并不是说你有希望，而是“你没有机会了； 你希望渺茫”。 再如, Fat cats are always showing off their money意思是 “阔老们总喜欢炫耀他们的财富。” 而chew the fat则跟“咀嚼”和“脂肪”也扯不上干系, 它是指 “闲谈”— —几个人聚在一起, 天南地北地东拉西扯。
直译与意译(例子)
直译与意译
21. Money is the last thing he wants, and you won’t succeed by offering it.
钱是他想要的最后一件东西，你提供钱给他是不会 成功的。
他决不想要你的钱，你给他钱也是白搭。
直译与意译
22. After the failure of his last novel, his reputation stands on slippery ground.
直译与意译
17. Their accent couldn’t fool a native speaker. 他们的口音不能愚弄本地人。 本地人一听他们的口音，便知道他们是外乡人。
18. John is tall as I am the Queen of Sheba. 约翰高得就像我是西巴皇后。 要说约翰个头高，没那回事。
他八分钟的告别演说表现得有风度、情真意切、 鼓舞人心，可是他在那十八个月的竞选中偏偏 没有表现出这些。
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19. 你在家时，谁敢来放个屁？ 硬译：When you were at home, who dared to come and pass his wind? 正译： When you were at home, who dared to come and cause trouble?
III. 直译与意译的选择
直译与意译
9. He is talking delightful nonsense. 直译：他在说着让人高兴的胡话。 意译：他虽是胡说八道，却也挺有意思。
10. He came out with his political smile on his face. 直译：他走出来候，脸上带着政治的笑容。 意译：他走出来的时候，脸上带着一个政客惯有的 笑容。
IV 直译 意译
Ⅳ. Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译
Relationship between literal translation and free translation：
Complementary, instead of contradictory Literal translation and free translation may be alternatively used in the process of translation.
Ⅳ. Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译
How to use them properly and proficiently?
know source language and target language culture as much as possible and have extensive knowledge with the problems which the original wrote or talked about. comprehend source language message correctly and thoroughly. practice makes perfect.
Ⅳ. Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译
Literal Translation 直译：
Not to alter the original words and sentences.
Hale Waihona Puke To keep the sentiments and style of the original. To reproduce the ideological content and the style of the original works and retain as much as possible the figures of speech.
英汉互译-语义翻译-直译意译
JR2J 8
英汉互译
porcine; swollen ； tumid ； hypertrophied ； inflated； ponderous; lumpish; dilated; distended; tubby 桶状的，肥圆的；矮胖的）；chubby; podgy (矮胖的）（podge-矮胖的人〉；round; paunchy (大腹便便的）（paunch ：肚子，大肚)； corporational (大肚子的）；well-fed; round-bellied; beer-bellicd; as fat as a pig; on the heavy； on the plump; in need of dieting; in need of reducing
10
JR1J 0
英汉互译
直译法：把忠实于原文的内容放在第一位，把忠实 于原文的形式放在第二位，把通顺的译文形式放在 第三位。
11
JR1J 1
英汉互译
意译法：把忠实于原文的内容放在第一位，把通顺 的译文形式放在第二位，不拘泥于原文的形式。
12
JR1J 2
英汉互译
硬译法：如果不忠实于原文的内容，只忠实于原文 的形式，那就不是直译，而是硬译，如鲁迅批评过 的把 the milky way(天河，银河)译成“牛奶路”。
25
JR2J 5
英汉互译
as thin as a lath (板条）；as thin as six o'clock; as slender as a thread; too thin to throw a shadow; be a bag of bones; skin-and-bones; looking like a plucked chicken; undersized; underweight； undernourished; undergrown; underfed
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Translation Exercises: (直译和意译)
1.You have my sympathy.
直译：你有我的同情。
意译：我同情你。
2.Nothing that has been done can not be done better.
直译：没有什么已被做过的事情不能被做得更好。
意译：任何事情都有改进的余地。
3.March 1990 found me working in a small constructional firm.
直译：1990年发现我在一家小型建筑公司工作。
意译：1990年，我在一家小型建筑公司工作。
4.Words don’t always means what they seem to mean.
直译：文字、语言并不总是它表面的含义。
意译：话语常有弦处之音。
5.Partly as a result of the recently increasing demand, wholesale tea prices have almost doubled.
部分由于最近日益增长的需求，茶叶的批发价已经几乎翻了一番。
6.I read this letter with both surprise and excitement, surprise because he is still around, excitement because he didn’t ever forget me.
我读到他的信时既惊又喜，惊的是他还健在，喜的是他一直没忘记我。
7.They don’t know their right hand from their left.
直译：他们分不清这是自己的右手还是左手。
意译：他们什么都不知道。
8.The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test.
一次考试不及格，天是不会塌下来的。
9.Every state is the best judge of what is required to safeguard its national interests.
直译：每个国家是需要什么维护其国家利益的最好判决者。
意译：每个国家需要什么来维护其国家利益，只有它自己才能做出最好的判断。
10.Nothing seems to be too much for you to make our stay here comfortable and enjoyable and our work smooth and effective.
直译：对你们来说说没有什么东西是大的，为了使我们在这里住得舒适、愉快，工作顺利而有成效。
意译：为了使我们在这里呆得舒适、愉快，工作顺利、卓有成效，你们似乎是不惜一切的。
11.Business is a two-way street and to keep it open in both directions there must be a sense that both partne rs are doing their utmost to ensure a steady growth in each other’s markets.
直译：生意好比双行道，伙伴双方都必须明白，只有竭尽全力确保对方向自己市场的出口稳步增长，道路的两个方向才得以畅通。
意译：做生意得有来有往，来和往这两股道得保持畅通，应当有这么一个观念，即伙伴双方同时都尽最大努力，来确保对方向自己市场的出口稳步增长。
*Two-way street是城市交通方面人们十分熟悉的一个词语，将它直译为“双行道”，其喻义十分清楚，然而将它一拆为二，意译为“有来有往”，也令人耳目一新。
两种译法各有长处，可根据上下文选用。
12.Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water. 直译：同这么多穿着体面，举止文雅的人在一起，这位乡下姑娘感到自己就像一条离水的鱼。
意译：同这么多穿着体面而又有教养的人在一起，这位乡下姑娘感到很不自在。
*意译失去了原文韵味，不如直译。
直译的理由是：鱼离不开水，是一种自然现象，中
西方皆然。
至于鱼离水之后的滋味如何，可让读者自己去体会。
这种偏重形象的习语多宜直译，再如汉语的“热锅上的蚂蚁”也可直接英译为“like an ant on a hot pan”。
13.Shakespeare put his hometown on the map.
直译：莎士比亚把他的家乡放在了地图上。
意译：莎土比亚使他的家乡声名远扬。
14. Don’t put on airs.
别摆架子！
15. There is a black sheep in every flock.
人多必有败类。
16. 现在合同已签了，真是木已成舟，生米煮成了熟饭，只好如此了。
意译：As the contract has been signed, what’s done is done and can’t be undone.
17. Diamond cuts diamond.
强中自有强中手。
18. 情人眼里出西施。
意译：Love is blind.
19.People are always talking about “the problem of youth”. If t here is one, then it is older people who create it, not the young people themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings---people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him, and maybe that is where the rub is.
人们总在谈论“年轻人的问题”。
如果真有这么一个问题，那也是年长者硬造出来的，而不是年轻人自己造的。
让我们认真考虑一下问题的实质，同时我们要承认年轻人毕竟是人——是跟他们的长辈一样的人。
青年人和老年人只有一点不同，那就是青年人的光辉未来在他们前头，而老年人的辉煌已经留下了他们的身后，或许这就是问题之所在。