西方文化概述练习题目ck答案
美国文化概括习题及答案
1.What was the main reason European countries like Britain and France wanted to colonize America?Britain needed to raise money to pay for its European wars, and used the colonies to do this.2.Why did the Puritans go to America?In order to escape problems and persecution for their faith3.What is Manifest Destiny?Manifest Manifest Destiny is the historical belief that the United States was destined and chosen by the Christian God to spread across the North American continent, from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific Ocean.4.Why did the Puritans not want people to read or write imaginative literature?Imaginative writing was discouraged by the Puritans because they believed it distracted you from religion.5.Describe what Hawkeye was like.he is a kind of outsider, living outside of normal society but coming to the rescue of people in trouble, or righting wrongs. He has been described as “a saint with a gun”6.What was the date of the Declaration of Independence?independence was declared on July 4, 17767.What were the main reasons the American colonists were unhappy with the way Britain was treating them?Disagreements over taxation, restrictions on where you could live or move to, and finally having to have British soldiers live in your town and sometimes even in your home brought relations between the colonists and Britain to a very low point.8.What are the “self-evident truths” mentioned in the Declaration of Independence?that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.9.What were the three conditions a person had to meet to be a citizen in the new United States?1)To be a citizen, the person must be free, and not a slave2)They must be white.3)They had to be a man10.Why were Native Americans and people from Africa not allowed to be American citizens?The Native Americans and people of African background were seen as intellectually inferior and politically immature.11.What was the Frontier?The Frontier was the term used to describe the unexplored area of land beyond the region where Europeans had settled down to live.12.How did the Homestead Act advance the idea of American democracy and the power of the common man?The Homestead Act of 1862 gave ordinary people ,the right to own up to 160 acres of farming land.13.How did the Americans solve the problem of moving into lands owned by Native Americans?By forcing them to leave their homes, the white people were actually destroying Native American culture and ripping the heart out of their lives.14.What did Europeans think were the main characteristics of Americans at the beginning of the 19th century?1)questioning of old and traditional beliefs2) a distaste for what is ancient and a love of “the new”3)the idea that men are all very much alike15.Ralph Waldo Emerson called on American writers to do what? And who was the poet who answered his call?Calling for the creation of an American literature rather than always copying other cultures, In "The Poet“ who would write a new poetry that was truly American. His call was answered by Walt Whitman.16.Slavery existed only in the southern states of the USA. Why was it so important there?The Plantation Economy in the Southern States was based on agricultural mass production by African slave labor on large farms (called plantations) and by the mid-19th century it was making lots of money.17.In the northern states many people were strongly against slavery in the south. How did they show their opposition to slavery?by producing newspapers and magazines, speeches, and stories of what a slave’s life was like.18.Why did the southern states secede from the Union after the election of Lincoln as President?The main reasons were slavery, and the question of where the political and economic power of the country lay: with the North or the South.19.In what ways was the American Civil War the first “modern “ war?1)for the first time, hugely destructive military technology was used by massed armies on bothsides, so the loss of life was staggeringly high within days, even hours2)the Civil War was the first photographed war due to the techniques invented by battlefieldphotographers . People could see photographs of the horrors of the war in their newspapers.20.What characteristics did life on the frontier give to the Americans?strength, curiosity, invention, energy, and individualism - these were characteristics that the frontier gave to people21.How did the idea of Manifest Destiny spread outside of America?Overseas frontiers, beyond the Pacific coast, gave the nation a way of continuing and expanding the idea of Manifest Destiny.22.What were the main features of The Gilded Age?The Gilded Age catches the era’s character: the internal tensions caused by abundance, stability and optimism on the one hand, and poverty, panic and disappointment, on the other.23.What was lynching?Public murder by a mob - lynching24.How did Realist writing hold up a mirror to American life?A faithful representation of reality in literature, with no romantic heroes or fantastic situations. The emphasis was on truth, and believable characters.。
西方文化概论考试题及答案
《西方文化概论》期末作业之一：请以教材各章为中心，就其中你所感兴趣的内容列举十五则思考题，并分别试作简要回答（每题6分且限100字以内，共90分）。
问题一：两河流域有什么特殊之处导致人类文明在此首先出现？答案：根据“地理环境决定论”（1）两河流域自然环境恶劣，农业生产需依靠人工灌溉体系，这促进了群体合作，导致社会分工、职业专门化和新型社会组织形态出现。
（2）两河流域自然资源贫乏，促进了该地区贸易的发展，进而推动了文明进步。
问题二：尼罗河孕育了灿烂的古埃及文明，谈谈尼罗河对埃及文明特征的影响。
答案：埃及文明以恒久和宁静著称（1）尼罗河有规律的定期泛滥为来年带来丰收的期盼，使人们有一种稳定和乐观感。
（2）尼罗河特殊的地理位置，使埃及与外部世界相对隔绝，不易遭受外族侵扰，社会生活呈现安宁、稳定和同一的特征。
问题三：从实用文化层面上，简谈近东文明是从哪些方面对西方文明产生影响的？答案：（1）书写艺术（2）技术方面，包括建筑学、测量学，军事技术，制陶、雕刻艺术等（3）科学方面，包括文学、数学、几何学、修辞学等（4）贸易的艺术，钱币的使用，以法组织、规范社会，外交手段的运用都由两河流域和埃及人首创。
问题四：古希腊文明的特点是什么？答案：（1）古希腊指的是一个文化地理概念，没有同一国家的概念。
（2）不存在拥有很大政治权利和干预世俗生活的宗教力量。
（3）关注人类自身问题，对人本主义和理性精神的不懈追求是希腊文化的根本特征。
问题五：雅典是如何成为希腊地区一大强盛城邦的？答案：雅典被视为希腊民主制的典范，其新形式的政体有两个鲜明特征：任期限制和责任制，将权力与责任联系起来。
雅典所推行的一系列带有首创性的政治改革使其摆脱了长期内政的困扰，经济实力和政治影响均得到加强。
问题六：戏剧被誉为古希腊文学的最高成就，简述你对希腊戏剧的认识。
答案：希腊戏剧以一种舞台表演艺术形式出现，包括悲剧和喜剧。
悲剧主要表现的是主人公的英雄行为，其形象高大雄伟，气势壮烈磅礴，具有永恒的艺术魅力和道德教化作用。
西方文化概述练习题目ck答案
Chapter 1 Ancient Greek Culture1.How did Zeus punish Prometheus for stealing fire from him?【宙斯如何惩罚盗火的普罗米修斯？】P 6Prometheus was chained to a mountain ,an eagle would devour his liver ,and his liver would grow out the next day before the eagle came to devour it again.(普罗米修斯被锁链锁在一座山上，他的肝脏被一只鹰吞噬，而他的肝脏又会在第二天，那只鹰来吃之前长出来）2.What does the phrase “Achilles’ heel” refer to?【“阿基里斯之踵”指的是什么呢？】P 12Achilles is the bravest and strongest of the Greek warriors in the Trojan War,and his heel is his only weakness,now use the word Achilles’ heel to describe ones only weakness.(阿基里是特洛伊战争中一个最勇敢最强壮的战士，后脚跟是他唯一的缺点，现在用这个词来形容一个人唯一的缺点）3.What is the name of the mountain where the ancient Greeks believed their gods lived?【古希腊人认为他们的神住在哪座山上？】P 6Mount Olympia (奥林匹亚山）4.Who is the god of the underworld?【阴间的神是谁？】P 8Hades(哈迪斯——冥王）5.Which battle in ancient Greece started from the apple of discord?【古希腊开战的祸根？】P13The Trojan War(特洛伊战争）6.What are the primary symbols of the sea god Poseidon?【海神波塞冬的主要标志？】P 8His weapon，trident（他的武器，三叉戟）7.What is the psychological term coined by Sigmund Freud based on the Greek mythological character Oedipus?【什么心理学词汇是西格蒙德·弗洛伊德根据希腊神话人物俄狄浦斯所创造的?】P 14Oedipus complex（恋母情结）8.Who was considered by Aristotle to be the first philosopher in Greek tradition? 【谁是亚里士多德认为的希腊传统上第一位哲♂学家】P 15Thales（泰利斯）9. In Greek mythology,Prometheus普罗米修斯made human beings out of clay（粘上）, taught man how to survive in the harsh（严酷的）environment and stole fire from heaven for the benefit of man.10.Apollo 阿波罗is the sun-god and the god of music and poetry.11. Artemis（阿耳特弥斯）, also known as Diana戴安娜, is the goddess of moon, wild animals, the hunt, vegetation, chastity and childbirth.12. Athena雅典娜is the goddess of war, handicraft and wisdom.13. Aphrodite阿佛洛狄忒is the goddess of beauty and love, better known by her Roman name Venus维纳斯.14. Eros is the son of Venus, better known by his Roman name Cupid丘比特_.15. Hermes赫尔墨斯is the god of thieves（蒂费斯小偷）, travelers and merchants. He is often depicted with a pair of winged sandals有翅膀的凉鞋哈哈哈and a winged cap（有翅膀的帽子看上去好傻啊哈哈哈），which enable him to travel swifter than sight.16. Identify who each of the following descriptions is referring to. P 14-221) The greatest of ancient Greek epic poets, he is the author of the 'Iliad' and 'Odyssey'. （这个人是古希腊的伟大诗人，写过《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》）B.荷马不是河马2) This philosopher was the teacher of Alexander the Great and set up h is own school---named---Lyceum.（这个人担任过亚历山大大帝的老师，还建立了“学会”）A.亚里士多德3) For this philosopher everything was related to mathematics and numbers were the ultimate reality. He influenced Plato and discovered a theorem that was named after him. D.毕达哥拉斯_4) This philosopher was the teacher of Plato and the protagonist of Plato’s dialogues. _E.苏格拉底5) This philosopher and student of Socrates founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.C.柏拉图A. AristotleB. HomerC. PlatoD. PythagorasE. SocratesChapter 3 Food1.What can the word “salad” mean? And the phrase “salad days”?【“沙拉”是什么？“沙拉时光”又是什么？】P77Salad，a mixture of foods,consisting of chopped vegetables,meat,seafood and so on.Salad days, means a youthful time.(沙拉是一种混合食物，包含了切碎的菜，肉，海鲜之类的；沙拉时光指的是年轻的岁月）2.When can salad be served during a meal?【沙拉可以在那一餐上吃呢？】P78Salads may be served at any point during a meal(沙拉在什么时候都可以吃）3.Can you name some kinds of salad and explain them? What is the difference between green salads and vegetable salads?【你能举一些沙拉品种的例子并且解释它们吗？绿色沙拉和蔬菜沙拉有什么区别吗？】P78Side salads,a kind of side dish;Entree salads,as the main dishes.We can add some meat, fish in green salads, but not in vegetables salads.(配菜沙拉，一种配菜；主菜沙拉，充当主菜；我们可以在绿色沙拉里面加鱼加肉，但不在蔬菜沙拉中加）4.What are salad dressings? What are the three basic types of salad dressing applied in Western culture? Please give some examples of each type.【沙拉酱是什么？西方文化中的三大主要沙拉酱是什么？请举例】P79They are sauces for salads.The three basic types of salads dressing are vinaigrette,creamy dressing and cooked dressing.(他们是沙拉的酱汁。
西方文化概论考试题
西方文化概论考试题一、选择题1. 西方文化的起源可以追溯到以下哪个时期？A. 古希腊时期B. 文艺复兴时期C. 工业革命时期D. 当代现代化时期2. 哪位希腊哲学家被认为是西方文化的奠基人？A. 亚里士多德B. 柏拉图C. 西塞罗D. 苏格拉底3. 文艺复兴运动是在哪个国家兴起的？A. 法国B. 英国C. 意大利D. 德国4. 哪本书是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的著作之一？A. 《圣经》B. 《简·爱》C. 《哈姆雷特》D. 《唐吉诃德》5. 哪位科学家被称为现代物理学之父？A. 牛顿B. 达尔文C. 哥白尼D. 欧几里德二、判断题判断下列说法是否正确，正确的在括号内写“√”，错误的写“×”。
1. （√）《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是莎士比亚的作品，属于英国文艺复兴时期的戏剧。
2. （×）文艺复兴运动对欧洲其他国家的文化影响不大，主要局限于意大利地区。
3. （√）工业革命对西方社会产生了巨大的影响，使之从传统农业社会转变为现代工业社会。
4. （×）西方文化的核心是个人主义和自由，与集体主义和权威主义完全不同。
5. （√）西方文化中的人文主义强调人的尊严和价值，提倡人类的自由发展和个体意识的觉醒。
三、问答题1. 请简要介绍西方文化的主要特点和价值观。
西方文化的主要特点包括个人主义、理性主义、人权和科学精神等。
个人主义强调个体的独立性和个人权利，在人际关系和社会交往中强调个体的意愿和选择。
理性主义崇尚理性思维和科学方法，在知识的获取和问题解决中强调逻辑和分析。
人权是西方文化的核心价值观之一，认为每个人都享有平等的尊重和权利。
科学精神是对客观世界的追求和理解，注重实证和证据的支持。
2. 西方文化中的哪些艺术形式对世界产生了深远的影响？西方文化中的艺术形式包括文学、音乐、绘画、雕塑、戏剧和电影等。
其中，莎士比亚的戏剧作品被认为是世界戏剧史上的巅峰之作，对后世的文学和戏剧创作产生了深远的影响。
《西方文化概论》单选题(含答案)
《西方文化概论》单选题1．奥运会最早是一种（C ）。
A、体育比赛B、筛选官兵的方式C、祭祀活动D、娱乐活动2．被誉为希腊哲学之父的是（D ）。
A、柏拉图B、亚里士多德C、苏格拉底D、泰勒斯3．伯里克利当时著名的“丧葬演讲”是为悼念（B ）所亡。
A、希波战争B、伯罗奔尼撒战争C、雅斯战争D、雅波战争4．根据考古发掘，西方文明起始于（C ）左右以前。
A、3000年B、4000年C、4500年D、5000年5．公元前9世纪，（A ）字母传入希腊文明。
A、腓尼基B、线性C、楔形D、拉丁6．古希腊戏剧的诞生与（D ）有关。
A、宙斯B、智慧女神C、日神D、酒神7．古希腊戏剧的主要内容是（A ）。
A、古代的神话传说B、百姓生活C、贵族生活D、以上都不对8．荷马和赫西俄德生活在（B ）。
A、克里特文明时期B、黑暗时代将尽C、城邦文明时期D、以上都不对9．克里特文明从公元前（B ）以后就开始突然衰落了。
A、16世纪B、15世纪C、14世纪D、13世纪10．迈锡尼文明时期，北方入侵的三支浪潮中，（A ）。
A、第一支浪潮是和平渗透B、第一、二支是和平渗透C、第一、二支是暴力入侵D、第一、三支是暴力入侵11．斯巴达最初的法律包括哪三个方面？（B ）A、政治、军事、生活B、政治、生活、经济C、军事、生活、经济D、政治、军事、经济12．西方文明最早的源头是（C ）。
A、埃及B、罗马C、克里特岛D、以上都对13．希腊城邦时代，古希腊人受教育的方式主要是（C ）。
A、听游吟诗人吟唱B、观看斗兽竞技C、观看戏剧D、阅读诗书14．希腊城邦文明最鼎盛时期持续的时间是（D ）。
A、公元前8世纪－公元前6世纪前半叶B、公元前7世纪－公元前5世纪后半叶C、公元前7世纪－公元前4世纪后半叶D、公元前6世纪－公元前4世纪后半叶15．希腊城邦制度以（B ）作为出现的标志。
A、腓尼基文字的传入B、第一届奥林匹亚竞技会C、第一个酒神节D、三权分立的政治体制16．希腊的悲剧和近代悲剧相比，一个明显的特点就是希腊悲剧以（B ）为主题。
西方文化 试题及答案
西方文化试题及答案题一：列举西方文化的特点，并分别举例说明。
西方文化的特点主要体现在以下几个方面：1. 传统与现代相结合：西方文化在长期的发展过程中，历经多个时期和重大事件的冲击、变革。
因此，它既保留了许多传统文化的元素，又与现代社会相结合，形成了独特的文化风貌。
例如，西方艺术中的古典主义和现代艺术中的抽象主义、概念艺术等风格并存。
2. 科技与创新：西方文化注重科学技术的发展与应用，强调创新和实用性。
西方国家在工业、医学、信息技术等领域取得了世界领先地位。
比如，西方国家在航天技术、人工智能、医学影像等领域的创新和突破。
3. 个人价值与自由：西方文化强调个人的价值和权利，主张尊重个体的自由和独立思考的能力。
西方国家的法律制度、民主制度、言论自由等都是基于这一价值观建立的。
例如，美国宪法中明确规定的人权和自由权利。
4. 多元开放与国际交流：西方文化接纳多元文化，促进国际交流，以开放的心态对待其他文化。
它倡导多元文化的融合与共存，培养全球化视野。
例如，欧洲国家通过欧盟的建立，实现了政治和经济的整合。
题二：从西方文化的角度，分析现代社会中存在的挑战和机遇。
西方文化在现代社会中既面临挑战，也有机遇。
1. 挑战：全球化带来的文化冲击。
随着全球化的推进，西方文化面临来自不同文化的冲击和竞争。
如何保持自身独特性、传统和核心价值面临挑战。
2. 机遇：文化多元促进创新与发展。
西方国家借助全球文化的融合，可以不断吸取其他文化的创新与发展经验。
多元文化的碰撞与融合，可以再次激发西方文化的活力和创造力。
3. 挑战：社会价值观的多元化和冲突。
随着社会的多元化发展，西方国家内部不同文化群体之间的价值观差异可能带来社会矛盾和冲突。
如何实现价值观的平衡与和谐是一个重要的挑战。
4. 机遇：推动全球性的社会问题解决。
作为先进的文化体系，西方文化具备解决全球性社会问题的能力。
例如，西方国家在气候变化、贫富差距、人权保护等领域的实践和经验可以为其他国家提供借鉴和启示。
西方文化概论答案
西⽅⽂化概论答案1、在克⾥特岛中央的克诺索斯地区因传说中的⽶诺斯（Minos)国王以及他的那座扑朔迷离⽽得名的⽶诺斯⽂明出现于：2、最初的希腊⼈是在公元前三千年从安纳托利亚的东部和叙利亚的北部迁徙⽽来的蛮族⼈T3、公元前12世纪末的民族⼤迁徙使得来⾃北⽅的印欧语系游牧⼊侵者多利亚⼈进⼊希腊半岛，使爱琴海地区进⼊长达三个多世纪的“⿊暗时代”，也称“英雄时代”。
T4、、“⿊暗时代”末期游吟诗⼈的作品中所反映的故事主要发⽣在：希腊神话主要是地中海神话与北⽅印欧语神话相融合的结果。
T赫西俄德的《神谱》蕴涵者⼀种以“命运”为“看不见的⼿”来实现神系更迭的⾃然进化思想。
T伯罗奔尼撒战争中获胜的是：公元前594年通过法律形式废除债务奴⾪制、设置四百⼈会议和公民陪审法庭的是：德尔菲之所以著名，是因为它有⼀个神庙，这个神庙是拜：城邦这种政治经济⽂化统⼀体最重要的特征是分离主义的政治态度和⾃由主义的⽣活信念。
T雅典的陪审法庭是由多少⼈组成的：6000伯⾥克利担任⼗将军委员会主席达30年之久。
T被称为希腊“悲剧之⽗”的是、“悲剧”（tragdy)⼀词即“⼭⽺歌”，⽽⼭⽺则是酒神狄奥尼索斯的象征和奉献给他的最常见的祭品。
T著名史诗《艾涅阿斯纪》将罗马的起源与荷马史诗中的英雄特洛伊联系在⼀起，它的作者是：罗马的扩张开始的年代是：罗马草创之初，聚集了⼀群奴⾪、逃犯和亡命之徒，李维因此⽽称罗马起源于⼀种“垃圾堆状态”。
T公元前287年通过的《⼗⼆铜表法》，规定特布⾥斯会议（平民会议）的决议⽆须通过元⽼院的批准具有法律效⼒。
F公元前60年，罗马第⼀次出现了由三个掌握军队的⼈缔结的“前三头同盟”，他们是：克拉苏、汉尼拔和凯撒。
F、⾰拉古兄弟改⾰的⼀个重要后果是使新兴的骑⼠阶层在政治上的地位提⾼。
公元前50年，⼀位名叫马克·布鲁图斯的青年与元⽼们共同密谋刺杀了凯撒。
F1、毁灭亚历⼭⼤帝国的最后⼀个孑遗托勒密王国，将埃及并⼊罗马版图的是：2、公元193年，罗马历史上喜爱⾓⽃但被他所豢养的⼀个⾓⽃⼠暗杀⽽死的皇帝是：1、⼩伽图为例捍卫共和国的原则，多次公开揭露了（）的野⼼，并为此进⾏了不屈不挠的⽃争：、罗马民族⽂化和民族精神的基本特点是功利主义。
西方文化概论 章节测试答案
西方文化概论章节测试答案爱琴文明与希腊神话传说（一）1下列说法错误的是（）。
A、希腊文明表现的是一种和谐之美B、罗马文化倾向于较功利，物质方面发展C、西方现代文明包罗万象D、西方现代文明只发展基督教文化正确答案： D2不属于欧洲伸进地中海的三个半岛的是（）。
A、巴尔干半岛B、亚平宁半岛C、克里特半岛D、伊比利亚半岛正确答案： C3埃及第一法老王朝大约出现在（）。
A、公元前1500年B、公元前2000年C、公元3100年D、约在公元前3100年正确答案： D4下列说法错误的是（）。
A、美索不达米亚文明是已知的最古老的文明B、克里特文明晚于埃及文明C、希腊文明的第一个阶段不是克里特-迈锡尼文明D、克里特文明晚于两河流域文明正确答案： C5十九世纪下下半叶，德国的（）考古发掘了克里特文明。
A、莱柯曼B、爱因斯坦C、黑格尔D、施里曼正确答案： D6哪一项不是西方文化的特点？（）A、跳跃性B、动荡性C、两极的大跳跃D、平稳、以不变应万变正确答案： D7中世纪出现的基督教文化的特点是（）。
A、物质主义B、为灵主义C、纵欲主义的D、关注人间、关注现世的快乐正确答案： B8西方文化发展的跳跃性和动荡性要大于中国。
（）正确答案：√9西方文化的源头是基督教文化。
（）正确答案：×10希腊文明的源头是克里特文明。
（）正确答案：√11克里特文明不受埃及文明影响。
（）正确答案：×12西方文明发展的跳跃性和动荡性远远大于东方文明。
（）正确答案：√13世界上最古老的文化是中国文化。
（）正确答案：×14古代希腊是大希腊，环爱琴海周边的地区的都叫希腊文化区，它不仅仅限于今天的希腊半岛的一个民族国家。
（）正确答案：√爱琴文明与希腊神话传说（二）1英国考古学家（）发掘了1600块刻有克里特铭文的泥板。
A、达尔文B、温特利森C、伊文思D、荷马正确答案： C2最早的希腊人是（）。
A、克里特本土人B、罗马人C、多利亚人D、阿卡亚人正确答案： D3对迈锡尼文明说法错误的是（）。
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Chapter 1 Ancient Greek Culture1.How did Zeus punish Prometheus for stealing fire from him?【宙斯如何惩罚盗火的普罗米修斯？】P 6Prometheus was chained to a mountain ,an eagle would devour his liver ,and his liver would grow out the next day before the eagle came to devour it again.(普罗米修斯被锁链锁在一座山上，他的肝脏被一只鹰吞噬，而他的肝脏又会在第二天，那只鹰来吃之前长出来）2.What does the phrase “Achilles’ heel” refer to?【“阿基里斯之踵”指的是什么呢？】P 12Achilles is the bravest and strongest of the Greek warriors in the Trojan War,and his heel is his only weakness,now use the word Achilles’ heel to describe ones only weakness.(阿基里是特洛伊战争中一个最勇敢最强壮的战士，后脚跟是他唯一的缺点，现在用这个词来形容一个人唯一的缺点）3.What is the name of the mountain where the ancient Greeks believed their gods lived?【古希腊人认为他们的神住在哪座山上？】P 6Mount Olympia (奥林匹亚山）4.Who is the god of the underworld?【阴间的神是谁？】P 8Hades(哈迪斯——冥王）5.Which battle in ancient Greece started from the apple of discord?【古希腊开战的祸根？】P13The Trojan War(特洛伊战争）6.What are the primary symbols of the sea god Poseidon?【海神波塞冬的主要标志？】P 8His weapon，trident（他的武器，三叉戟）7.What is the psychological term coined by Sigmund Freud based on the Greek mythological character Oedipus?【什么心理学词汇是西格蒙德·弗洛伊德根据希腊神话人物俄狄浦斯所创造的?】P 14Oedipus complex（恋母情结）8.Who was considered by Aristotle to be the first philosopher in Greek tradition? 【谁是亚里士多德认为的希腊传统上第一位哲♂学家】P 15Thales（泰利斯）9. In Greek mythology,Prometheus普罗米修斯made human beings out of clay（粘上）, taught man how to survive in the harsh（严酷的）environment and stole fire from heaven for the benefit of man.10.Apollo 阿波罗is the sun-god and the god of music and poetry.11. Artemis（阿耳特弥斯）, also known as Diana戴安娜, is the goddess of moon, wild animals, the hunt, vegetation, chastity and childbirth.12. Athena雅典娜is the goddess of war, handicraft and wisdom.13. Aphrodite阿佛洛狄忒is the goddess of beauty and love, better known by her Roman name Venus维纳斯.14. Eros is the son of Venus, better known by his Roman name Cupid丘比特_.15. Hermes赫尔墨斯is the god of thieves（蒂费斯小偷）, travelers and merchants. He is often depicted with a pair of winged sandals有翅膀的凉鞋哈哈哈and a winged cap（有翅膀的帽子看上去好傻啊哈哈哈），which enable him to travel swifter than sight.16. Identify who each of the following descriptions is referring to. P 14-221) The greatest of ancient Greek epic poets, he is the author of the 'Iliad' and 'Odyssey'. （这个人是古希腊的伟大诗人，写过《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》）B.荷马不是河马2) This philosopher was the teacher of Alexander the Great and set up h is own school---named---Lyceum.（这个人担任过亚历山大大帝的老师，还建立了“学会”）A.亚里士多德3) For this philosopher everything was related to mathematics and numbers were the ultimate reality. He influenced Plato and discovered a theorem that was named after him. D.毕达哥拉斯_4) This philosopher was the teacher of Plato and the protagonist of Plato’s dialogues. _E.苏格拉底5) This philosopher and student of Socrates founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.C.柏拉图A. AristotleB. HomerC. PlatoD. PythagorasE. SocratesChapter 3 Food1.What can the word “salad” mean? And the phrase “salad days”?【“沙拉”是什么？“沙拉时光”又是什么？】P77Salad，a mixture of foods,consisting of chopped vegetables,meat,seafood and so on.Salad days, means a youthful time.(沙拉是一种混合食物，包含了切碎的菜，肉，海鲜之类的；沙拉时光指的是年轻的岁月）2.When can salad be served during a meal?【沙拉可以在那一餐上吃呢？】P78Salads may be served at any point during a meal(沙拉在什么时候都可以吃）3.Can you name some kinds of salad and explain them? What is the difference between green salads and vegetable salads?【你能举一些沙拉品种的例子并且解释它们吗？绿色沙拉和蔬菜沙拉有什么区别吗？】P78Side salads,a kind of side dish;Entree salads,as the main dishes.We can add some meat, fish in green salads, but not in vegetables salads.(配菜沙拉，一种配菜；主菜沙拉，充当主菜；我们可以在绿色沙拉里面加鱼加肉，但不在蔬菜沙拉中加）4.What are salad dressings? What are the three basic types of salad dressing applied in Western culture? Please give some examples of each type.【沙拉酱是什么？西方文化中的三大主要沙拉酱是什么？请举例】P79They are sauces for salads.The three basic types of salads dressing are vinaigrette,creamy dressing and cooked dressing.(他们是沙拉的酱汁。
三大主要沙拉酱是指醋，奶油酱和烹饪调料）5.What is a typical cheese making process composed of?【典型乳酪的制作过程】P81Preparing the milk,separating the curds from the whey,pressing the curds,aging the cheese,wrapping natural cheese,and making and wrapping the processed cheese.(准备牛奶，从乳清中扩散凝乳，压凝乳，乳酪熟化，包装自然乳酪和制作并包装成品乳酪）6.What are the eight cheese families?【八大乳酪家族？】P81Fresh cheese,Bloomy rind cheese,Natural rind cheese,Blue-veined cheese,Uncooked pressed cheese,Cooked pressed cheese and Processed cheese.(白乳酪，花皮软质奶酪，水洗软质奶酪，压缩未熟奶酪，蓝（青）纹奶酪，压缩成熟奶酪，山羊奶酪和融化奶酪（再制干酪））顺序按百度的资料而定7.When is the National Sandwich Day/Month in America? What is the main purpose of the celebration?【美国的国家三明治日在什么时候？庆祝的主要目的是？】P82November 3；The main purpose is to call people’s attention to the convenience,versatility and nutrition of sandwiches,(十一月3号；主要目的是让人关注三明治的便捷，多功能和营养）8.What can the word “spaghetti” mean? And where does the phrase “spaghetti genre（类型）of films” originate from?【“意大利面”是什么东西？短语“意大利面类型的电影”来自何处？】P84Spaghetti is one type of pasta that is loved throughout the world.And the phrase “spaghetti genre of films”can be used to describe something that is complicated or tangled. Most of these films were produced and directed by Italians.(意大利面s是意大利面p的一种类型，被全世界热爱。