2020年大学英语四级阅读理解专项练习题(17)
2020年大学英语四级阅读理解专项练习题(17)
Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War II, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, "Our enormously productive economy...demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption... .We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate."
Americans have responded to Lebow's call, and much of the world has followed.
Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world's two largest economies—Japan and the United States—show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.
Overconsumption by the world's fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.
Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.
Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow—that, misled by a
consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and
spiritual needs with material things.
Of course, the opposite of overconsumption—poverty—is
no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn
their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.
If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we
are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support?
When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?
1. The emergence of the affluent society after World War
II .
A. led to the reform of the retailing system
B. resulted in the worship of consumerism
C. gave rise to the dominance of the new egoism
D. gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers
2. Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption
is______.
A. the people's desire for a rise in their living standards
B. the concept that one's success is measured by how much they consume
C. the imbalance that has existed between production and consumption
D. the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals
3. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?
A. Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.
B. Because overconsumption won't last long due to unrestricted population growth.
C. Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.
D. Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.
4. According to the passage, consumerist culture .
A. will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries
B. will not aggravate environmental problems
C. cannot thrive on a fragile economy
D. cannot satisfy human spiritual needs
5. It can be inferred from the passage that .。
2020大学英语四级阅读练习
2020大学英语四级考试阅读专练AA subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of mankind.There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape, the relative length of day and night, and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are.It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified .contributory factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land that provide breeding places for pests like mosquitoes or rats.Moreover, we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those living in countries .with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less vivacious than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more equable(稳定的). And where the olive and the orange grow, there the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative, and spontaneous.But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate: the influence: of climate and geography should be studied in depth. Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe old age? Does the drinking of wine, rather than beer, result in a sunny and open temperament? Is the strength and height of one of the Kenyan tribes due to their habitual drinking of the blood of cows?We are not yet sure of the answers to such .questions, but let us hope that something of benefit to mankind may eventually result from such studies.Choose correct answers to the question:( )1.The author's purpose of writing this passage is to______.A.alert readers to the scarcity of natural resourcesB.call for more research on the influence of geographical environmentC.introduce different elements in character cultivationD.draw more attention to the health condition of mankind( )2.It can be inferred that proper amounts of iodine, fluoride and calcium can_____.A.benefit people’s physical healthB. influence the quality of water supplyC.help provide breeding places for pests.D. strengthen a person's character( )3.How does the author evaluate the generalizations of people's types in Para.3?A.Such generalizations help us judge the different characters of people wemeetB.Such generalizations are not inclusive enough to draw a convincingconclusion.C.Such generalizations prove that nature plays an important role indetermining social habits.D.Such generalizations show that there are mainly two different types ofpeople on the planet.( )4.According to the passage, research into the influence of climate and geography should ____.A. focus on unknown aspectsB. be pursued on a larger scaleC. be carried out among remote tribesD. go ahead in depth( )5.What do we know about the generalizations of people’s type?A.People who like drinking wine tend to be optimistic.B.People who live in mountain areas tend to have a long life.C.People who live in areas with stable climate tend to be talkative and lively.D.People who like drinking cow blood tend to be strong and tall.1.B 主旨大意题。
2020年7月大学英语四级考试真题(组合卷)含答案解析
2020年7月大学英语四级考试真题（组合卷）(总分：710.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the use of translation apps. You can start your essay with the sentence "The use of translation apps is becoming increasingly popular. " You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.（分数：106.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(The use of translation apps is becoming increasingly popular. Consequently ,people are getting more opportunities to speak or meet another language but their own mother tongue with the development of the economy. Undoubtedly , an app of translation is crucial for people who cannot handle the language perfectly. But the viewpoints are split one whether this kind of apps are wholly a good thing.Where there is a light , there is a shadow. Some people argue that a translation app will bridge them with the native speakers adequately no matter who will be a traveler or a businessman. It will pose a huge threat for people who can not understand what they say. Fortunately , everyone will interact richly with the apps like this. On the other hand, some people think that the translations app cannot fully create and convey the feelings on the authentic language. As a result , it will bring more misunderstandings. Besides, the opponents take the point of view that people will be more over-reliant on the mobile-phones and Internet.Form where I stand , I would take the the translation on this kind of apps as a reference rather than a kind of dependence. The most effective and beneficial way to express yourself and communicate with a foreigner is to improve one's ability to exert this unfamiliar language. As an old saying goes is Practice makes perfect.)解析：【参考译文】在经济飞速发展的当下，人们有越来越多的机会使用外语。
专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷17(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷17(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 5 percent in the 1960s to 8 to 10 percent today. Such a profound demographic shift could take place while no one was watching because, officially, no one was watching. Federal agencies traditionally collected racial data using a formula —one person, one race—similar to the time-honored voting principle. Thus, the Census Bureau could estimate that on census forms no more than two percent of the population would claim to be multiracial. In the absence of a more straightforward count, no one could know for sure what the demographics are. Meanwhile, in the absence of official numbers, with the heightened tension surrounding racial issues, and with the mutual suspicion that exists among competing racial and ethnic interest groups, there’s little agreement on what intermarriage will mean for US society in the future. Some sociologists call Asian-white and Hispanic-Anglo intermarriage simply the latest addition to the melting pot that, since the start of this century, has fused so many Irish, Italian , German and other families of European origin. But despite the rise in black-white marriage, many doubt that African Americans will be included in this mix. Ramona Douglass, President of the Association of MultiEthnic Americans, enthused, “ We’re living proof that people with two different races or ethnic backgrounds can live together in harmony, that(interracial)families actually do function. “Douglass’s mother is Italian-American, and her father is a multiracial blend of African American and Native American. Of course, many portray intermarriage as gradual genocide that will culminate in the disappearance of their particular group. That was the traditional view of the Jewish community, which throughout history closely guarded its small numbers from loss through assimilation. But the very high rate of Jewish out-marriage since World War II has caused an official rethinking among the progressive elements of American Judaism. These groups still encourage marriage within the faith, but instead of shunning those who do marry non-Jews, they are now courting these intermarried couples.1．The main topic of the passage is______intermarriage in the US.A．the influence ofB．the different opinions towardsC．government’s responsibility ofD．the development of正确答案：D解析：主旨题。
大学英语四级阅读题带答案
大学英语四级阅读题带答案大学英语四级阅读题：【原文】Many private institutions of higher education around the country are in danger.Not all will be saved，andperhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quality schools just as there are low-quality business.We have no obligation to save them simply because they exist.But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened.They are doing a fine job educationally，but they are caught in a financial squeeze，with no way to reduce rising costs or increase revenuessignificantly.Raising tuition doesnt bring in more revenue，for each time tuition goes up，the enrollment goes down，or the amount that must be given away in student aid goes up.Schools are bad businesses，whether public or private，not usually because of mismanagement but because of the nature of the enterprise.They lose money on every customer，and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students.Even a very good college is a very bad business.It is such colleges，thriving but threatened，I worry about.Low enrollment is not their chief problem.Even with full enrollments，they may go under.Efforts to save them，and preferably to keep them private，are a national necessity.There is no basis for arguing that private schools are inherently (固有地)better than public schools.Examples to the contrary abound.Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rankas the finest in the nation and the world.It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant，and therefore diversity is a national necessity.Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education.In an imperfect society such as ours，uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous.In an imperfect society，diversity is a positive good. Enthusiastic supporters of public higher education know the importance of sustaining private higher education.大学英语四级阅读题：【题目】Choose correct answers to the question：1.According to the authors opinion，schools are bad businesses because of _______.A.mismanagementB.too few studentsC.financial squeezeD.their characteristics2.The author used the phrase “go under” in Para. 3 to mean “_______”。
大学英语四级长篇阅读专项强化真题试卷17(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级长篇阅读专项强化真题试卷17(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.The Health Benefits of KnittingA) About 15 years ago, I was invited to join a knitting group. I agreed to give it a try.B) My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I knitted in class throughout college and for a few years thereafter. Then decades passed without my touching a knitting needle. But within two Mondays in the group, I was hooked, not only on knitting but also on crocheting (钩织), and I was on my way to becoming a highly productive crafter.C) I’ve made countless baby blankets, sweaters, scarves, hats, caps for newborns. I take a knitting project with me everywhere, especially when I have to sit still and listen. As I discovered in college, when my hands are busy, my mind stays focused on the here and now.D) It seems, too, that I’m part of a national renewal of interest in needle and other handicrafts (手工艺). The Craft Yam Council reports that a third of women ages 25-35 now knit or crochet. Even men and schoolchildren are swelling the ranks, among them my friend’s three small grandsons. Last April, the council created a “Stitch Away Stress” campaign in honor of National Stress Awareness Month. Dr. Herbert Benson, a pioneer in mind/body medicine and author of The Relaxation Response, says that the repetitive action of needlework can induce a relaxed state like that associated with meditation (沉思) and yoga. Once you get beyond the initial learning curve, knitting and crocheting can lower heart rate and blood pressure.E) But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful products that can enhance self-esteem. I keep photos of my singular accomplishments on my cellphone to boost my spirits when needed.F) Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters and crocheters, who routinely list stress relief and creative fulfillment as the activities’main benefits. Among them is the father of a prematurely born daughter who reported that during the baby’s five weeks in the intensive care unit, “learning how to knit infant hats gave me a sense of purpose during a time that I felt very helpless. It’s a hobby that I’ve stuck with, and it continues to help me cope with stress at work, provide a sense of order in hectic (忙乱的) days, and allow my brain time to solve problems. “G) A recent email from the yarn (纺纱) company Red Heart titled “Health Benefits of Crocheting and Knitting” prompted me to explore what else might be known about the health value of activities like knitting. My research revealed that the rewards go well beyond replacing stress and anxiety with the satisfaction of creation.H) For example, Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapy programs, including Knit to Quit to help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal for people coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of a family member. Schools and prisons with craft programs report that they have a calming effect and enhance social skills. And having to follow instructions on complex craft projects can improve children’s math skills.I) Some people find that craftwork helps them control their weight. Just as it’s challenging to smoke whileknitting, when hands are holding needles and hooks, there’s less snacking and mindless eating out of boredom.J) I’ve found that my handiwork with yarn has helped my arthritic (患关节炎的) fingers remain more dexterous (灵巧的) as I age. A woman encouraged to try knitting and crocheting after developing an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand pain reported on the Craft Yarn Council site that her hands are now less stiff and painful.K) A 2009 University of British Columbia study of 38 women with an eating disorder who were taught to knit found that learning the craft led to significant improvements. Seventy-four percent of the women said the activity lessened their fears and kept them from thinking about their problem.L) Betsan Corkhill, a wellness coach in Bath, England, and author of the book Knit for Health & Wellness, established a website, Stitchlinks, to explore the value of what she calls therapeutic knitting. Among her respondents, 54 percent of those who were clinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or very happy. In a study of 60 self-selected people with persistent pain, Ms. Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their awareness of pain. She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities like knitting and crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain signals. Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age. In a 2011 study, researchers led by Dr. Yonas Geda at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random (随机的) sample of 1,321 people ages 70-89, most of whom were cognitively (在认知方面) normal, about the cognitive activities they engaged in late in life. The study, published in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in crafts like knitting and crocheting had a diminished chance of developing mild cognitive disorder and memory loss.M) Although it is possible that only people who are cognitively healthy would pursue such activities, those who read newspapers or magazines or played music did not show similar benefits. The researchers speculate that craft activities promote the development of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive health. N) In support of that suggestion, a 2014 study by Denise C. Park of the University of Texas at Dallas and colleagues demonstrated that learning to knit or do digital photography enhanced memory function in older adults. Those who engaged in activities that were not intellectually challenging, either in a social group or alone, did not show such improvements. O) Given that sustained social contacts have been shown to support health and a long life, those wishing to maximize the health value of crafts might consider joining a group of like-minded folks. I for one try not to miss a single weekly meeting of my knitting group.1．When the author was a college student, she found that knitting helped her concentrate.正确答案：C解析：C段末句提到，正如我在大学时发现的那样，当我的双手忙碌时，我的头脑就会专注于当下。
2020年7月英语四级阅读理解模拟真题：大学的生存
2020年7月英语四级阅读理解模拟真题：大学的生存由于疫情影响，2020年上半年四六级考试将在7月17日和9月11日举行。
各位小伙伴记得抓紧时间备考四六级考试哦，松鼠哥建议各位同学考前多做模考，熟悉考试流程，同时在考场上不会太紧张。
今天松鼠哥为大家带来四级阅读模拟题。
一起来练习吧！2020年7月英语四级阅读理解模拟真题：大学的生存Many private institutions of higher education around the country are in danger. Not all will be saved, andperhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quality schools just as there are low-quality business.We have no obligation to save them simply because they exist.But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened. They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial squeeze, with no way to reduce rising costs or increase revenuessignificantly. Raising tuition doesn’t bring in more revenue, for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment goes down, or the amount that must be given away in student aid goes up. Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of mismanagement but because of the nature of the enterprise.They losemoney on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. Even a very good college is a very bad business.It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, I worry about. Low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollments, they may go under. Efforts to save them, and preferably to keep them private, are a national necessity. There is no basis for arguing that private schools are inherently (固有地)better than public schools. Examples to the contrary abound. Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity. Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education. In an imperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous. In an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good. Enthusiastic supporters of public higher education know the importance of sustaining private higher education.练习题：Choose correct answers to the question:1.According to the author's opinion, schools are bad businessesbecause of _______.A. mismanagementB. too few studentsC. financial squeezeD. their characteristics2.The author used the phrase “go under" in Para. 3 to mean "_______".A. get into difficultiesB. have low enrollmentC. have little moneyD. bring in more money3.We can reasonably conclude from this passage that the author made an appeal to the public in order to support_____A. public institutionB. private schoolsC. uniformity of educationD. diversity of education4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned about private schools?A. High-quality private schools deserve to be saved.B. If the tuition of the private schools is raised, the enrollment goesdown.C. There are many cases to show that public schools are better than private schools.D. Private schools are more profitable than public schools.5.Which of the following ways could possibly save private schools?A. Raising tuition.B. Full enrollment.C. National awareness and support.D. Reduction of rising costs.参考答案：1.[D] 事实细节题。
四级阅读真题17
A recent study, published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a pictureof how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver, Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone, By contrast, the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.The authors also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight, with passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience. “The basic issue.” Be says, “is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.”Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (使……缓解)the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a multistage process.A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictions, before graduating to full driving privileges.Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers, California is the strictest, with a novice(新手)driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20(without the presence of an adult over 25)for the first six months.21. Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?A) Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p.m.B) A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.C) Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.D) A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.22. According to Robert Foss. The high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to ________A) their frequent driving at night C) their lack of driving experienceB) their improper way of driving D) their driving with passengers23. According to Paragraph 3. which of the following statements is TRUE?A) Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.B) Driving is a skill too complicated for teenagers to learn.C) Restrictions should be imposed on teenagers applying to take driving lessons.D) The licensing authorities are partly responsible for teenagers' driving accidents.24. A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers' driving accidents is that ________ .A) driving in the presence of an adult should be made a ruleB) they should be prohibited from taking on passengersC) they should not be allowed to drive after 10 p.m.D) the licensing system should be improved25. The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduated licensing system ________.A) is under discussion C) has been put into effectB) is about to be set up D) has been perfectedIf you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.That's especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor's degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers withsalaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.But in the long run, too much specialization doesn't pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.As further evidence of the erosion (销蚀) of corporate(公司的) faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State’s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices, although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management. “They want someone who isn’t constrained(限制)by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture, ”says Scheetz.This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems, David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree, “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,” says Birch.Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior—plus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize, “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,” says Scheetz.26. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?A) Students with a bachelor's degree in humanities.B) People with an MBA degree front top universities.C) People with formal schooling plus work experience.D) People with special training in engineering27. By saying “…but the impact of a degree washes out after five years” (Line 3, Para, 3), the author means ________.A) most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundationB) an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positionsC) MBA programs will not be as popular in five years' time as they are nowD) in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got28. According to Scheetz's statement (Lines 4-5. Para. 4), companies prefer ________.A) people who have a strategic mindB) people who are talented in fine artsC) people who are ambitious and aggressiveD) people who have received training in mechanics29. David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because ________.A) they are more capable of handling changing situationsB) they can stick to established ways of solving problemsC) they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fieldsD) they have attended special programs in management30. Which of the following statements does the author support?A) Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.B) Formal schooling is less important than job training.C) On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.D) Generalists will outdo specialists in management.21---25 B C D D C 26---30 C B A A D。
大学英语四级阅读题文章精读（17）
⼤学英语四级阅读理解题⽂章精选－17Stricter Traffic Law can Prevent Accidents From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man's very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-years-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving. The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behaviour. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy tragic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten. It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person's driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws （where they exist） should be mad much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as to severe if tit results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars. 1. The main idea of this passage is [A] Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists. [B] Thousands of people the world over are killed each year. [C] The laws of some countries about driving are too lax. [D] Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents. 2. What does the author think of society toward motorists? [A] Society smiles on the motorists. [B] Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns. [C] Victims of accidents are nothing. [D] Society condones their rude driving. 3. Why does the author say:' his car becomes the extension of his personality?' [A] Driving can show his real self. [B] Driving can show the other part of his personality. [C] Driving can bring out his character. [D] His car embodies his temper. 4. Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents? [A] Build more highways. [B] Stricter driving tests. [C] Test drivers every three years. [D] raise age limit and lay down safety specifications. 5. The attitude of the author is [A] ironical [B] critical [C] appealing [D] militant Vocabulary 1. immunise 使免疫，使免除 2. expectation of life = life expectancy 平均寿命 3. versus = against 对顶，反对 4. mutilate 伤害 5. wilful 任性的，固执的 6. benign 宽厚的，仁慈的 7. condone 宽容 8. desecrate 亵渎，玷污 9. code 法规，规定，惯例 10. stringent 严格的，紧急的，迫切的 11. performance 演出，成品，这⾥是指car's behavior such as speed, function etc.可译成⾏为，汽车⾏为、功能等。
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷17(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷17(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.A new study shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nation s professional economists, a divide similar to the gender divide found in the general public. “As a group, we are pro-market,” says Ann Mari May, co-author of the study and a University of Nebraska economist. “But women are more likely to accept government regulation and involvement in economic activity than our male colleagues. ““It’s very puzzling,” says free market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. “Not a day goes by that I don’t ask myself why there are so few women economists on the free market side. “ A native of France, de Rugy supported government intervention(干预)early in her life but changed her mind after studying economics. “We want many of the same things as liberals—less poverty, more health care—but have radically different ideas on how to achieve it. “Liberal economist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy and Research, says male economists have been on the inside of the profession, confirming each other’s anti-regulation views. Women, as outsiders, “are more likely to think independently or at least see people outside of the economics profession as forming their peer group,”he says. The gender balance in economics is changing. One-third of economics doctorates(博士学位)now go to women. “More diversity is needed at the table when public policy is discussed,” May says. Economists do agree on some things. Female economists agree with men that Europe has too much regulation and that Wal-mart is good for society. Male economists agree with their female colleagues that military spending is too high. The genders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality for women. Male economists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and women is largely the result of individuals’skills, experience and voluntary choices. Female economists overwhelmingly disagree by a margin of 4-to-l. The biggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economics favor men. Male economists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or the process is neutral.1．What is the finding of the new study?A．The gender divide is a big concern of the general public.B．Men and women understand economics quite differently.C．The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed.D．Male and female economists disagree widely on economic policy.正确答案：D2．What does Ann Mari May say about female economists?A．They are strongly against male domination in the economics profession.B．They tend to support government intervention in economic activity.C．They usually play an active role in public policy-making.D．They are mostly strong advocates of free market economy.正确答案：B3．What do we learn about economist Veronique de Rugy?A．She represents most female economists’ standpoint.B．She devotes herself to eliminating women’s poverty.C．Her study of economics changed her view on government’s role in economic activities.D．Her academic background helped her get into the inner circle of the economics profession.正确答案：C4．What does Ann Mari May imply about public policy-making?A．More female economists should get involved.B．It should do justice to female economists’ studies.C．More attention should be paid to women’s rights.D．It should aim at sustainable development.正确答案：A5．On what issue do male and female economists differ most?A．Government regulation.B．Job creation.C．Military spending.D．Gender equality.正确答案：D解析：事实细节题。
2020年大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案详解（全套）
2020年大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案详解（全套）大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案（全套）大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题【阅读】Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were pre dicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previousmeal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol."Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。