Drop Test Procedure
2，Specific face, edge or corner 确定包装需要测试的棱边和面。
2.1 Drop one corner 落下的角
2.1.1Non- skidded items: Most fragile corner. 包装没有内部垫板的，选定包装最脆弱的角.
2.1.2 Skidded Items: Most fragile bottom corner. 包装内部有垫板的，选定底部最脆弱的角.
2.1.3 Most fragile corner, if not known, at the carton manufacturer's joint. 最脆弱的角，如不知道，则在纸箱的人工结合处.
Place the packaged-product in its intended shipping position as determined by shipper，Turn the packaged-product so that you are looking directly at a face with the manufacturer’s joint on the observer’s right，Identify faces according to the diagram below.
角的中长边 3. Longest edge radiating from that corner
角的最长边
C，Drop six faces 落下6个面 1，One of the smallest faces 最小的一面 2，Opposite small face 小面对面的小面 3，0ne of the medium faces 中等大的面 4， Opposite medium face 中等大面对面的中等大面 5，One of the largest faces 最大的面 6，Opposite largest face 最大面对面的大面
测试的次序必须按下面的 a. Drop one corner。
落下1个角。 b. Drop three edges。
落下三条棱边 1， Shortest edge radiating from the corner
角的最短边 2. Medium edge radiating from that corner
kg
0
0
21
10
41
19
61
28
100
45
But Less than 但小于
lb
kg
21
10
41
19
61
28
100
45
150
68
Drop Height 落下高度
Free Fall 自由跌落
in.
mm
30"
760 mm
24"
610 mm
18"
460 mm
12"
310 mm
8"Leabharlann 200 mm2.4 Orientations of the impacts are as follows: (Must be performed in the following order)
2.3 Free-fall impacts from drop heights that vary with weight as noted below. 物体的下落高度按照下表
Packaged-Product Weight 包装品重量
Equal to or greater than 相等或大于
lb
2.2，Specific edge or face 确定包装品的棱边和面。.
2. ISTA 1A:（ Modified）
2.1 The package weight is less than 150 lbs, use the ISTA 1A. 包装重量小于150磅的用 ISTA 1A 2.2 Exception: Individual packaged-products on a visible skid or pallet and that weigh more than 100 lb (45 kg) may be tested according to Test Procedure 1B 例外: 对于重量超100 磅 (45 公斤)使用托盘(栈板)而又在看得见的情况下的单一包装产品, 应该根据试验标1B 进行试验。
Drop Test Procedures 手动摔箱检测
1， Prior to beginning the tests identify the faces, edges and corners according to the procedure below.
试验前, 应按照以下程序标记样品的角,边缘和面
Note: When performing in-house drop testing, be sure the total weight of product is concentrated on to the drop corner/edge. 注意：所有落下测试，必须把重心放在中线上（参考下图）
3. ISTA 1B:（ Modified）
This procedure is to be used on products weighing over 150 lbs. 这个测试用在重量超过150磅的包装
Fall Drop Test 自由落体测试 This portion of the test consists of a series of six (6) sequential drops from a height of 6” on every face of the test sample. No damage is allowed 将待测物体从6寸高落下，摔6个面。
瞬间坠落测试方案及流程
瞬间坠落测试方案及流程英文回答：Title: Test Plan and Procedure for Instantaneous Free Fall.Introduction:In order to ensure the safety and reliability of various products and equipment, it is essential to conduct thorough testing. One such test is the instantaneous free fall test, which evaluates the performance and durability of the object under extreme conditions. This article presents a comprehensive test plan and procedure for conducting an instantaneous free fall test.Test Objective:The main objective of the instantaneous free fall test is to assess the impact resistance and structural integrityof the object when subjected to a sudden and severe drop. This test helps identify potential weaknesses or design flaws that may compromise the safety and functionality of the object.Test Equipment and Setup:1. Drop Tower: A drop tower is required to provide a controlled and repeatable free fall environment. The tower should be equipped with safety mechanisms to ensure the protection of personnel and prevent any unintended release of the object.2. Instrumentation: Various sensors and dataacquisition systems should be installed to measure and record the impact forces, acceleration, displacement, and other relevant parameters during the test.3. Test Object: The object to be tested should be securely mounted on a suitable fixture or platform to ensure proper alignment and stability during the free fall.Test Procedure:1. Pre-test Preparation:a. Inspect the drop tower and ensure its structural integrity and safety features are in good working condition.b. Calibrate and verify the instrumentation toensure accurate data collection.c. Securely mount the test object on the fixture or platform, ensuring proper alignment and stability.2. Test Execution:a. Set the desired drop height based on the test requirements and object specifications.b. Release the object from the designated height, ensuring a clean and unobstructed fall.c. Capture and record the impact forces,acceleration, displacement, and any other relevant data during the free fall.d. Repeat the test multiple times, varying the drop height or other parameters as necessary.e. Inspect the test object after each drop to assess any visible damage or deformation.3. Data Analysis and Evaluation:a. Analyze the collected data to determine the impact forces, acceleration, displacement, and other relevant parameters.b. Compare the test results with the predetermined acceptance criteria or industry standards.c. Identify any weaknesses, failures, or design flaws observed during the test.d. Make necessary design modifications orimprovements based on the test findings.Conclusion:The instantaneous free fall test is a crucial evaluation method to ensure the safety and reliability of various products and equipment. By following a well-defined test plan and procedure, manufacturers can identify potential weaknesses or design flaws and make necessary improvements to enhance the overall performance and durability of their products.中文回答：标题，瞬间坠落测试方案及流程。
Spring JdbcTemplate主要使用方法及其举例
Spring JdbcTemplate的主要使用方法及其举例Spring JdbcTemplate使用JdbcTemplate主要提供以下五类方法：execute方法：可以用于执行任何SQL语句，一般用于执行DDL语句；update方法及batchUpdate方法：update方法用于执行新增、修改、删除等语句；batchUpdate方法用于执行批处理相关语句；query方法及queryForXXX方法：用于执行查询相关语句；call方法：用于执行存储过程、函数相关语句。
JdbcTemplate类支持的回调类：预编译语句及存储过程创建回调：用于根据JdbcTemplate提供的连接创建相应的语句；PreparedStatementCreator：通过回调获取JdbcTemplate提供的Connection，由用户使用该Conncetion创建相关的PreparedStatement；CallableStatementCreator：通过回调获取JdbcTemplate提供的Connection，由用户使用该Conncetion创建相关的CallableStatement；预编译语句设值回调：用于给预编译语句相应参数设值；PreparedStatementSetter：通过回调获取JdbcTemplate提供的PreparedStatement，由用户来对相应的预编译语句相应参数设值；BatchPreparedStatementSetter：；类似于PreparedStatementSetter，但用于批处理，需要指定批处理大小；自定义功能回调：提供给用户一个扩展点，用户可以在指定类型的扩展点执行任何数量需要的操作；ConnectionCallback：通过回调获取JdbcTemplate提供的Connection，用户可在该Connection执行任何数量的操作；StatementCallback：通过回调获取JdbcTemplate提供的Statement，用户可以在该Statement执行任何数量的操作；PreparedStatementCallback：通过回调获取JdbcTemplate提供的PreparedStatement，用户可以在该PreparedStatement执行任何数量的操作；CallableStatementCallback：通过回调获取JdbcTemplate提供的CallableStatement，用户可以在该CallableStatement执行任何数量的操作；结果集处理回调：通过回调处理ResultSet或将ResultSet转换为需要的形式；RowMapper：用于将结果集每行数据转换为需要的类型，用户需实现方法mapRow(ResultSetrs, introwNum)来完成将每行数据转换为相应的类型。
跌落试验标准（Dropteststandard）
跌落试验标准（Drop test standard）Package drop test standard published: 10-05-05 source: Hits: 1903 field selection: large and smallPackage drop test standardPeople's Republic of China national standardGB/T4857.5-92 instead of GB4857.5-84Method of drop test for packaged transport packagesPackaging-Transport packages-Vertical impacttest method by droppingTransport package drop test in the standard equivalent to the international standard ISO2248-1985 "packaging - complete and filled".1. subject matter and scope:This standard specifies the content of vertical impact testing for performance test equipment, test procedures and test reports for transport packages.This standard is applicable to the evaluation of the protection ability of transport packages under vertical impact the impact strength and packaging of the contents. It can be used as a single test, also can be used as part of a series of experiments.2. reference standard:Marking method of GB/T4857.1 packaging transport packages of various parts of theGB/Y4857.2 packaging transport packages temperature and humidity conditioningThe general principle of GB/T4857.17 packaging transport packages compilation of performance test programThe quantitative data of GB/T4857.18 packaging transport packages for the compilation of performance test3. test principle: filed test samples to a predetermined height, and then make it according to the predetermined state of free fall, collision and impact table.4. test equipment:4.1. impact: impact test table for the horizontal plane, does not move, not deformation, and meet the following requirements:A. is a single object, quality is at least 50 times of test sample quality;B. have a large enough area, to ensure that the test sample falls completely in the impact on the table;The impact of C. in the table any two points on the level of clearance was more than 2mm;The impact of 100mm2 on the table D. in any area under static load of 10kg, the deformation amount shall not exceed 0.1mm.4.2. lifting device: in lifting or descending process, should not damage the test sample.4.3. support device: support device of test samples should be able to make the test sample in the predetermined state required prior to release.4.4. release: in the release of the test sample in the fall, should make the test sample without any part of touch device, ensure the selfDrop by.5. test procedure:5.1. test sample preparation: prepare the test samples according to the requirements of GB/T4857.17.The various parts of the 5.2. test sample number: each part of the test samples are numbered according to the provisions of GB/T4857.1.Pretreatment of 5.3. test sample: according to the provisions of GB/T4857.2, selected a condition of temperature and humidity on the test sample pretreatment.Temperature and humidity conditions in the 5.4. test:The test shall be carried out in the pretreatment with the same conditions of temperature and humidity. If not up to the pretreatment conditions, should be in as far as possible to test pretreatment temperature and humidity conditions.5.5.Test intensity value choice: according to the provisions of GB/T4857.18 test of strength value.5.6 test procedure:5.6.1 filed test samples to the drop height of the required position, and according to a predetermined state will hold. The vertical height and predeterminedThe height difference does not exceed a predetermined level + 2%. Drop height refers to the test sample is ready to release the lowest and the impact of the tableThe distance between.5.6.2 according to the predetermined state, the release of test samples:A. falls, the angle between the drop side and the level of test sample surface maximum of not more than 2 degrees;B. edge drop, the angle between the edge of the South and drop level maximum of not more than 2 degrees, the test sample surface and the impact of regulationsTable error angle not greater than 5 degrees angle or 10% (with larger values prevail), so that the test sample of gravityBy falling edge line;C. angle drop, the test sample set angle error surface and the impact surface is less than 5 or the 10% (with a large angleThe numerical test samples shall prevail), so that the gravity line through the drop angle;D. no matter what the state and shape of the test samples, test samples should be made by the gravity line surface, line, drop point.The actual impact velocity and impact velocity of 5.6.3. free fall when the difference is no more than a free fall of + 1%.5.6.4. after the test according to the relevant standards or regulations to inspect the damage filling packaging and test results are analyzed.6. test report:The contents of the A. name, specification, type and quantity;The number of B. test samples;C. details: name, packing container size, structure and material specifications; accessories, buffer pad, support,fixing method,Sealing, bundling and other protective measures;The quality and the quality of the contents of the D. test samples, in kilograms;E. pretreatment temperature relative humidity and pretreatment time;F. for testing the temperature and relative humidity;G. detailed placement status test samples when testing;Sequence number h. and drop test samples;Drop height I. test samples, in millimeters;The type of equipment used by J. test;K. records of the test results, and observed in the trial in any help to the correct interpretation of test results of the phenomenon;L. it is shown that the difference of the standard and test method;M. test date, test personnel to sign, seal test.。
MySQL学习笔记：while循环
MySQL学习笔记：while循环 思考：while循环是否只能使⽤在存储过程或者存储函数之中，不能直接在查询语句中使⽤？ ———— 循环⼀般在存储过程和存储函数中使⽤。
直接放⼏个例⼦： 例⼀： 1.创建存储过程DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE test_while_001(IN in_count INT) # 创建存储过程学习while循环的⽤法BEGINDECLARE COUNT INT DEFAULT 0;DECLARE SUM INT DEFAULT 0;WHILE COUNT < in_count DOSET SUM = SUM + COUNT;SET COUNT = COUNT + 1;END WHILE;SELECT SUM;END $$DELIMITER ; 2.调⽤存储过程CALL test_while_001(10); # 45 输出 3.删除存储过程DROP PROCEDURE test_while_001;例⼆： 1.创建函数DELIMITER $$CREATE FUNCTION my_test_function(quantity INT(10)) RETURNS INT(10) # 创建函数学习while循环的⽤法BEGINWHILE quantity MOD 12 > 0 DOSET quantity = quantity + 1;END WHILE;RETURN quantity;END $$DELIMITER ; 注意：创建函数之前必须更改系统设置否则⽆法创建函数SET GLOBAL log_bin_trust_function_creators=TRUE; 2.调⽤函数SELECT my_test_function(10);SELECT my_test_function(24);SELECT my_test_function(222); 3.删除函数DROP FUNCTION my_test_function; 例三： 1.如果存在，则删除DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS u_head_and_low_pro; 2.创建存储过程DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE u_head_and_low_pro()BEGINDECLARE n INT DEFAULT 10;SET n = n - 1;WHILE n > 0 DOSELECT n;SET n = n - 1;END WHILE;END $$DELIMITER ; 3.调⽤存储过程CALL u_head_and_low_pro(); 4.删除存储过程DROP PROCEDURE u_head_and_low_pro; 注：不依赖于任何数据库表，完整展⽰变量、while语句、存储过程的⽤法。
跌落测试规范(中英文)
跌落测试规范Drop Test Procedure1.0 PURPOSE (目的) ：1.1All products must pass the Package Drop Test and/or SingleUnit Drop test . The purpose of this test is to give a certain degree of confidence that the product under test can be shipped via regular shipping channels without sustaining any damage.1.1 所有产品都需经过包装落下测试或单一落下测试合格，这个测试的是给予一确实的角度，让产品能经由正常的运送管道运送而没有损害。
2.0 SCOPE (范围) ：2.1This procedure can be used for all packaged products independent of their weight, size or content. Special attention should be paid to the type of product that is contained in the package as to the types of test that should be run prior to and after the test. For a complete test series to meet the corporate specification, the vibration test should be run first and the Package Compression and Cold Drop Test should be run after this test.2.1 这个程序能够使用在所有包装产品，而他们的重量、大小、容量互相独立，要特别注意产品的型式，包含他们测试前后的包装，对于一个完整测试顺序的共同规范，振动测试需在此之前测试。
电子设备跌落试验操作流程
电子设备跌落试验操作流程English Answer：Drop Test Procedure for Electronic Devices.Introduction.Drop testing is a critical part of the product development process for electronic devices. It helps to ensure that devices can withstand the rigors of everyday use and accidental drops. This procedure outlines the steps for conducting drop tests on electronic devices.Equipment.Drop test machine.Test fixture.Accelerometer.Data acquisition system.Camera.Procedure.1. Prepare the device. Remove any protective cases or covers from the device.2. Mount the device in the test fixture. The fixture should hold the device securely in the desired orientation for the drop test.3. Configure the drop test machine. Set the drop height and impact surface.4. Calibrate the accelerometer. This is important to ensure that the accelerometer is providing accurate data.5. Start the data acquisition system. This system will record the accelerometer data during the drop test.6. Drop the device. Hold the device at the specified height and release it.7. Stop the data acquisition system.8. Analyze the data. The data from the accelerometer can be used to determine the impact force, acceleration, and other parameters.Reporting.The drop test report should include the following information:Test date.Device model.Drop height.Impact surface.Accelerometer data.Analysis results.Safety Precautions.Wear appropriate safety gear, including gloves and safety glasses.Handle the device with care to avoid injury.Do not drop the device on a hard surface outside of the test fixture.Chinese Answer：电子设备跌落试验操作流程。
ASTM D 5276-98 Standard Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
Designation:D5276–98(Reapproved2004)Standard Test Method forDrop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall1This standard is issued under thefixed designation D5276;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1This test method covers procedures for the drop testing of loaded boxes,cylindrical containers,and bags and sacks by the free-fall method.1.2For containers not exceeding110lb(50kg),this test method fulfills the requirements of ISO Standards2206:1987 and2248:1985.Caution—These ISO standards may describe procedures that do not meet the requirements for this test method.1.3The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:2D585Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of Paper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,and Related ProductD644Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper and Paperboard by Oven DryingD880Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD996Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD2463Test Method for Drop Impact Resistance of Blow-Molded Thermoplastic ContainersD4003Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and SystemsD4169Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD4332Practice for Conditioning Containers,Packages,orPackaging Components for TestingD6055Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and CratesD6179Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and CratesE122Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate a Measure of Quality for a Lot or ProcessE680Test Method for Drop Weight Impact Sensitivity of Solid-Phase Hazardous Materials2.2ISO Standards:ISO2206Packaging—Complete Filled Transport Packages, Identification of Parts When Testing3ISO2248Packaging—Complete Filled Transport Packages, Vertical Impact Test by Dropping32.3Code of Federal Regulations:Title49—Transportation(49CFR)43.Terminology3.1Definitions—General terms for packaging and distribu-tion environments are found in Terminology D996.3.2Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1cylinder—for the purposes of this test method,a cylinder includes substantially cylindrical containers such as barrels,drums,kegs,and pails(fiber,metal,plastic,or wood,or combinations thereof).3.2.2member—a face,corner,or edge of a rectangular container;a chime,end,or sidewall of a cylindrical container; or a face,edge,corner,or butt of a bag or sack.4.Significance and Use4.1This test method is intended for use in evaluating the capability of a container to withstand the sudden shock resulting from a free fall,or to evaluate the capability of a container and its inner packing to protect its contents during the sudden shock resulting from a free fall.This test method may also be used to compare the performance of different package designs.This test method may also permit observation of the progressive failure of a container and the damage to its contents.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.22on Handling and Transportation.Current edition approved April10,1998.Published February1999.Originally published as D5276–st previous edition D5276–94.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from the American National Standards Institute,11W.42nd St.,13th Floor.,New York,NY10036.4Available from the Superintendent of Documents,ernment Printing Office,Washington,DC20402.1Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.4.2This test method is particularly suitable for containers that are normally handled manually during some part of their distribution cycle.Containers of such bulk or mass that they cannot be handled manually may be tested more satisfactorily in accordance with Test Method D880,Test Methods D6055, Test Methods D6179,or Test Methods D4003.See Practice D4169for additional guidance.5.Apparatus5.1Free-Fall Drop Test Equipment,conforming to the following requirements:5.1.1It shall permit the container to be placed,prior to release,in a position that will ensure correct orientation,within 2degrees upon impact,forflat-face drops orflat drops on ends or sidewalls of cylindrical containers,and within5°upon impact for other drops,such as edge drops and corner drops for rectangular containers,bags,and sacks and diagonal drops on chimes on cylindrical containers.5.1.2It shall permit accurate control of the drop from specified heights.5.1.3It shall utilize lifting devices that will not damage the test container.5.1.4It shall provide a release mechanism that does not impart vertical,rotational,or sideways forces to the test container.If drop leaves are used,the apparatus shall provide a spring or other mechanism so that the leaves do not interfere with a free,unobstructed fall.5.1.5It shall provide an impact surface,horizontal andflat, massive enough to be immovable and rigid enough to be nondeformable under the test conditions.5.1.5.1The impact surface shall be of concrete,stone,or steel.If the dropping surface is a steel plate,it must be at least 1⁄2in.(13mm)thick and must be anchoredfirmly to the mass. N OTE1—Grout(a thin mortar used tofill crevices)is recommended over the entire surface of the mass below the plate to ensure positive contact.5.1.5.2The impact surface shall be integral with a mass at least50times that of the heaviest container to be tested. Neither the depth nor width of the mass shall be less than half the length.5.1.5.3For drop testing of containers not exceeding110lb (50kg),the impact surface shall beflat,such that no two points on the surface differ in level by more than5⁄64in.(2mm). 5.1.5.4The impact surface shall be rigid,such that it will not be deformed by more than0.0039in.(0.1mm)when an area of0.1550in.2(100mm2)is loaded statically with22.05lb (10kg)anywhere on the surface.5.1.5.5The impact surface shall be sufficiently large to ensure that the containers being tested fall entirely upon the surface.5.1.6A rupture hazard may be used for determining the rupture resistance of cylindrical containers or bags.Unless otherwise specified,the rupture hazard should consist of a4by 4-in.(102by102-mm)timber,of oak or other wood of equivalent hardness,approximately4ft(1.2m)long,having the edges rounded to a radius of not more than1⁄4in.(6.35 mm).5.1.6.1For testing of49CFR—DOT21Cfiber drums,a2 by6-in.(51by152-mm)timber,with a6-in.(152-mm)vertical dimension,shall be used.The drum shall be dropped at right angles to the timber.The drop height shall be measured from the top of the timber.5.1.7For very large containers,it may be necessary to use a hoist,sling,and tripping devices,or a solenoid-operated drop test mechanism and suspension devices,such as those de-scribed in Appendix X1.5.1.8Conditioning Apparatus—Adequate facilities shall be provided for conditioning test specimens at the proper humid-ity and temperature prior to testing,in accordance with the specification covering the containers to be tested.5.1.8.1Conditioning—Depending on the purpose of the tests,containers may be conditioned prior to the drop test by either a different physical test,water immersion,exposure to water spray,or exposure to standard or otherfixed air tempera-ture or humidity conditions.It is recommended that special atmospheres for conditioning be selected from those given in Practice D4332.Unless otherwise specified,fiber-board or paperboard containers shall be conditioned in accordance with the preconditioning and standard conditioning atmospheres specified in Practice D4332(see also Practice D4169for additional guidance).5.1.8.2Where the moisture content offiberboard containers is determined,it should be determined in accordance with Test Method D644.6.Sampling6.1The test specimens and number of samples shall be chosen to permit an adequate determination of representative performance.Practice E122is recommended.Unless other-wise specified,Practice D585shall be used for acceptance testing offiberboard containers.6.2In the absence of any sampling plan,at least three representative specimens should be selected for performance evaluation.7.Test Specimens7.1When the protective capability of a container is to be evaluated,it is preferable to pack the container with the actual contents for which it was designed(Note2).When the capability of a container to withstand rough handling is to be evaluated,pack the container with either the actual contents or a load simulating the contents.Regardless of which procedure is used,close the container in the same manner that will be used in preparing it for shipment.N OTE2—Where the use of actual contents is not feasible because of excessive cost or danger,a dummy load simulating the contents with respect to dimensions,center of gravity,moment of inertia,density,flow characteristics,etc.may be used.Accelerometers or other indicating mechanisms may be installed.7.2Close and seal the container in the normal manner.Dry and age sufficiently so that any adhesive,protective coatings, sealing tape,and so forth will have reached theirfinal normalcondition.8.Procedure8.1Identify members as specified in Annex A1,by marking, at a minimum,Faces1,2,and5of rectangular containers; Positions1,3,5,and7of cylindrical containers;and Faces1, 4,and5of sacks and bags.8.2Unless otherwise specified,establish failure criteria prior to the commencement of testing.(See Practice D4169, Acceptance Criteria.)8.3Test containers that have been conditioned in the con-ditioned atmosphere or immediately upon removal from that atmosphere.8.4Conduct drop test procedures by dropping the container on either one member or several different members in a prescribed sequence(cyclical testing).8.4.1When the container is to be droppedflat on a face, position it so that,upon impact,there is no more than a2°angle between the plane of this face and the impact surface.8.4.2When a rectangular container or bag is to be dropped on an edge,position it so that,upon impact,this edge makes no more than a2°angle with the impact surface,and the plane containing this edge and the center of gravity of the container makes no more than a5°angle with the vertical.8.4.3When a rectangular container or bag is to be dropped on a corner,position it so that,upon impact,the line containing this corner and the center of gravity of the container makes no more than a5°angle with the vertical.8.4.4When a cylindrical container is to be dropped on eithera chime or a circumferential edge,position it so that,upon impact,a plane containing this edge and the center of gravity of the container makes no more than a5°angle with the vertical plane perpendicular to the drop surface.8.4.5When determining the rupture resistance of cylindrical containers or bags,place a rupture hazard(see5.1.6)on the target surface,and position it so that,unless otherwise speci-fied,the center of the cylinder sidewall or face edge or butt of the bag impacts across the hazard.8.4.6Before each drop of a bag or sack,distribute the contents uniformly throughout the bag or sack.8.5Height of Drop—Determine the height of the drop by measuring from the bottom surface,edge,or corner of the container to the impact surface.9.Report9.1Report the following information:9.1.1Reference to this test method,including a statement to the effect that all tests were conducted in full compliance with the requirements of this test method,or noting any variations and their details.9.1.2Dimensions of the container under testing;complete structural specifications;kinds of materials;description and specifications for blocking and cushioning,if used;spacing, size,and type of fasteners;method of closing and strapping,if any;drying and aging time,if any;and tare and gross masses.9.1.3Description of the contents of the container under testing and,if not tested with the actual contents intended to be shipped,description of these actual contents.9.1.4Number of specimens tested per sample.9.1.5Method of conditioning the container,if any;moisture content of the wood,plywood,orfiberboard,if determined; and results of any supplementary tests of the materials from which the container is made.9.1.6Description of apparatus and special instrumentation, if used.9.1.7Whether a4by4timber was used as a hazard.Wherea hazard other than that specified in5.1.6is used,a description of the hazard used.9.1.8Details of the failure criteria used.9.1.9Member(s)tested(see Annex A1).9.1.10Description of the prescribed test sequence,if used.9.1.11Drop height(s).9.1.12Size of the increment,if a variable height drop test procedure is used.9.1.13Number of drops(at each incremental height,if applicable).9.1.14Detailed record of the test results for each container, including damage to the container and contents,together with any other observation that may assist in interpreting the results correctly or aid in improving the design of the container or method of packaging,blocking,or bracing.9.1.15Where a mean failure height is determined by drop-ping,a statement of this mean and the estimated standard deviation and level of confidence.9.1.16Name and address of the testing agency,date,and signature of a responsible representative of the testing agency.10.Precision and Bias10.1Precision5:10.1.1A precision statement is not applicable when the drop test is conducted at a specified drop height to determine conformance with established acceptance criteria.10.1.2When the drop test is conducted to determine the drop height to failure,the observed precision is a combination of the precision of the test method(including apparatus, operators,etc.)and the precision of the packaged product being tested.Experience has shown that the observed precision is highly dependent on the particular packaged item being tested. Research Report D10–1004describes an interlaboratory test program of three packaged items,establishing drop heights to failure.The mean drop heights to failure for the three types of packaging were39,42.6,and47.7in.(991,1083,and1212 mm).The repeatability(within laboratory)standard deviation ranged from3to10in.(75to250mm)for these items.The pooled reproducibility(between laboratory)standard deviation was2.25in.(57mm).The research report suggests that tests of some items produce data that are not distributed normally; log-normal,Weilbull,or other distributions may be applicable.10.2Bias—No justifiable statement can be made on the bias of this test method since a true value cannot be established by an accepted referee test method.11.Keywords11.1bags;boxes;cylindrical containers;drop test;drums; free fall;packaging;sacks5Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters.Request RR:D10-1004.ANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1.IDENTIFICATION OF MEMBERSA1.1Rectangular Containers —The procedure for identifi-cation of the members (faces,edges,and corners)of rectangu-lar containers shall be as follows (see Fig.A1.1):A1.1.1Facing one end of the box with the manufacturer’s joint,where applicable,on the observer’s right,designate the top of the box as 1,the right side as 2,the bottom as 3,the left side as 4,the near end as 5,and the far end as 6.A1.1.2Identify the edges by the numbers of the two faces that form that edge;for example,1-2identifies the edge formed by the top and right side,and 2-5identifies the edge formed by the right side and near end.(The 2-5edge is the edge having a vertical manufacturer’s joint,and the 2-3edge is the edge having a horizontal manufacturer’s joint in fiberboard contain-ers.)A1.1.3Identify the corners by the numbers of the three faces that meet to form that corner;for example,1-2-6identifies the comer at which the top,right side,and far end meet.A1.2Cylindrical Containers —The procedure for identifica-tion of the members (tops,bottoms,sidewalls,and chimes)of cylindrical containers shall be as follows (see Fig.A1.2):A1.2.1The ends of two perpendicular diameters on the upper surface of the cylindrical container shall be designated as 1,3,5,and 7;and the other ends of lines parallel to the cylinder axis passing through these points respectively shall be desig-nated as 2,4,6,and 8.If the package has one or more side seam joints,one of the joints should occupy the position of 5-6.A1.2.2Identify diagonal drops on chimes by designating the drop point by number,that is,drop on 1.Where it is desirable to drop on a midpoint between two locations on the chime,such a point can be designated using two numbers,that is,drop on 1-3.A1.2.3Identify flat drops on sidewalls by designating the drop point by two numbers,that is,drop on 3-4.Where it is desirable to drop on a midpoint between two locations on the sidewall,such a point can be designated using four numbers,that is,drop on 1-3-2-4.A1.2.4Identify flat drops on ends using the four numbers of that end,that is,1-3-5-7or 2-4-6-8.A1.3Sacks and Bags —The procedure for identification of the members (faces,sides,tops,and bottoms)of bags and sacks shall be as follows (see Fig.A1.3):A1.3.1Facing the front of the bag with the top up,designate the front of the bag as 1,the right side edge as 2,the rear side as 3,the left side edge as 4,the bottom as 5,and the top as 6.(Where a bag or sack has one or more side seams,Side 2shall include a sideseam.)FIG.A1.1Members of RectangularContainersFIG.A1.2Members of CylindricalContainersA2.TEST CYCLES AND PROCEDURESA2.1The choice of a test cycle or specific procedure depends on the purposes of the tests.Sometimes the drop height,test cycles,and detailed procedures are prescribed in a contract,regulation,or some other standard.Other times a detailed test plan must be determined based on the engineering and business judgments of the interested parties.The drop height,package orientation,and cycle may be chosen based upon knowledge of the shipping environment,knowledge of the type and severity of drop needed to cause certain types of damage to the package or contents,or previous testing or field experience with similar packages.The test plan should also consider the type of information desired from the testing:a statement whether or not preestablished acceptance criteria was obtained;qualification of damage,determination of the drop height to failure;the number of drops to failure,etc.A2.1.1This annex covers some test cycles and procedures for using the drop test,but other cycles and procedures are available or may be developed.A2.2Constant Drop Height Procedures —These procedures consist of single or multiple drops from a constant drop height.Replicate samples should be subjected to identical procedures for comparison and for statistical analysis.Typical types of drop cycles are as follows:A2.2.1Single Drop —Drop the test package from an orien-tation and height specified.A2.2.2Ten Drop Cycle (Boxes)—Drop the test package on a bottom corner (for example,2-3-5),the shortest edge radiating from that corner,the next longest edge radiating from that corner,the longest edge radiating from that corner,flat on the smallest two faces,flat on the next two largest faces,and flat on the two largest faces.A2.2.3Four Drop Cycle (Boxes)—Drop the test package on a corner,the shortest edge radiating from that corner,the next longest edge radiating from that corner,and the longest edge radiating from that corner.A2.2.4Twenty-Six Drop Cycle (Boxes)—Drop the test pack-age on each flat face,edge,and corner.A2.2.5Eight Corner Drop Cycle (Boxes)—Drop the test package on each of the eight corners.A2.2.6Twelve Edge Drop Cycle (Boxes)—Drop the test package on each of the twelve edges.A2.2.7Four Rim Drop Cycle (Cylindrical Containers)—Drop the test package once on each half of the top and bottom rims.A2.2.8Six Flat Drop Cycle —Drop the test package flat on each face for a box or each end and four sides for a bag or cylinder.With a cylinder,the four side drops shall be 90°apart.A2.2.9Repeated Drop Cycle —Drop the test package for a prescribed drop or drop cycle.Continue dropping on similar cycles until a specified type of damage is noted to the package or contents.This procedure determines the number of drops or cycles required to damage the package or contents.A2.2.10Critical Orientation —When a drop is specified for a most critical or damage-prone orientation,a single drop is required on that orientatation.The determination of the critical orientation must be provided.It may be a formal study of the relationship between drop orientation and damage,other engi-neering analyses of that product and package,or laboratory and field experience with similar packages.A2.2.11Hazard Drop —Drop the test package onto a speci-fied hazard from a specified height and orientation.A2.3Progressive Drop Height Procedure :A2.3.1Drop the test package from an initial drop height chosen to be unlikely to cause predefined damage to the package or contents.This will be in a prescibed orientation or a prescribed cycle of drops.If no damage occurs from the initial drop height,increase the drop height by a predetermined increment.Repeat the drop or drop cycle on the same package until the predefined damage has occurred.It is common to estimate the critical drop height as the midpoint between the last successful test and the test which caused damage;use of the successful test point before failure may be considered a more conservative estimate.Replicate samples should be subjected to identical procedues to determine the consistency of the failure point.A normal distribution cannot be assumed for statistical analysis;a log-normal or Weilbull distribution are often better.A2.3.2This procedure can produce damage or failure based on the cumulative effects of all previous drops.Sometimes a single drop or drop cycle from a height which caused cumu-lative damage of this procedure will not cause similar damage to the package or contents.A2.4Up and Down Procedure:FIG.A1.3Members of Sacks andBagsA2.4.1This procedure is used when the median drop height (H 50)to failure is desired but the progressive height procedure cannot be used because of the effects of cumulative damage.This procedure varies the drop height for each drop or cycle but with a new test specimen for each.The number of test specimens depends on the purpose of the tests but will usually require eleven or more replicate test specimens;using much larger sample sizes will result in higher confidence in the resulting statistics.It is best to choose an odd number of test specimens.A2.4.2Drop the first test package for a prescribed drop or drop cycle from a drop height estimated as being the average drop height to failure.If this specimen passes at this drop height,the next test will be at a higher drop height with a new package.If it fails,the next test will be a lower drop height.The height of each drop is thus determined by the result of the previous test.The drop height increment is a constant and should be between 1⁄2and 2times the estimated standard deviation;it often may be 3to 4in.(75to 100mm).A2.4.3If a normal distribution can be assumed,estimation of the average or median drop height to failure begins with counting the number of passes and failures.If there are more passes than failures,compute the arithmetic mean of the height of the failures and subtract 1⁄2of the drop height increment.If there are more failures than passes,average the height of the passes and add 1⁄2of the drop height increment.A2.4.4To estimate the standard deviation of the drop height to failure,calculate the standard deviation of the test data:thedrop height of the passes,of failures,whichever is less frequent.This must be based on n ,the number of passes or failures,and not n −1as is found on some calculators.S 51.62SS t 2d 210.029D(A2.1)where:S =estimated standard deviation of the drop heights tofailure,S t =calculated standard deviation of test data for passes orfailures,whichever is less frequent,and d =drop height increment.A2.4.5A normal distribution cannot always be assumed.Several texts 6,7,8on experimental statistics and standards,describe this test procedure in more detail,provide additional calculations,and discuss methods to compensate for non-normal distributions (see Test Methods D 2463and E 680).The use of a log-normal distribution is often suggested but this requires the drop height increment to be a constant based on the logarithms of the drop height,thus the actual drop height increment would change with the drop height.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1.DROP TEST MECHANISMSSee Figs.X1.1-X1.4.6Dixon,W.J.,and Massey, F.J.,Introduction to Experimental Statistical Analysis ,McGraw Hill,1969,pp.337-393.7Lipson,C.,and Sheth,N.J.,Statistical Design and Analysis of Engineering Experiments ,McGraw Hill,1973,pp.270-274.8Natrella,M.G.,“Experimental Statistics,”NBS Handbook 91,U.S.GPO,1963,Chapter10.FIG.X1.1Hooks for Hoist-Siling Drop TestApparatusFIG.X1.2Tripping Device for Hoist-Siling Drop Test ApparatusASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Individual reprints (single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or service@ (e-mail);or through the ASTM website().FIG.X1.3Solenoid Release Mechanism With Face Plate Removedand Holding Jaws in OpenPositionFIG.X1.4Corner Suspension Device Atached to a ConventionalTruck Corner Sealed Inside Box to BeTested。
Fedex PKG_Testing_Procedures_LT150(联邦快递包装物标准)
FedEx Procedures forT esting Packaged Products 150 lbs. or LessAs the industry leader, FedEx sets the highest standard for testing procedures to help ensure your packages reach their destination safely. FedEx package testing procedures are based on factual industry data, as well as international testing procedures and standards to provide the most reliable package test possible. Should you have any questions concerning any of the information in this brochure, contact the FedEx Packaging Design and Development department at 1.800.633.7019.Package closure performance is also a test criterion. Packages will be opened and contents inspected only after completion of the entire test procedure, unless obvious damage is noted during or after an individual test component.The FedEx Packaging Design and Development department reserves the right to alter test sequence or equipment used to accommodate special package characteristics, commodities and/or testing equipment limitations to provide the most representative test possible. When package and/or content conditions are uncertain or conditional on customer input, a “Post Test Inspection Notice” will be sent with the report.Procedure for Testing Packaged Products 150 lbs. or Less12Free-Fall Drop Test:Performed on a free-fall drop tester.**Package is dropped onto a flat, firm, nonyielding steel base.The drop height varies with package weight as shown in the chart above.A total of 10 drops are conducted in the following orientations:1.Most fragile corner2.Shortest edge radiating from drop corner3.Medium edge radiating from drop corner4.Longest edge radiating from drop corner5.Flat on one of the smallest faces6.Flat on the opposite small face7.Flat on one of the medium faces8.Flat on the opposite medium face9.Flat on one of the largest faces 10.Flat on the opposite large face(See page 7 for detailed diagrams of the Free-Fall Drop Test Package Orientations.)NOTE: For international products, a second sequence of free-fall drop tests will be performed following the vibration test. ** Computer-aided data acquisition and analysis are available when requested.DROP TESTFree-Fall Drop Test Procedures for Regular PackagesNote: Irregular-shaped items are subject to consideration for Special Drop Orientation.Drop Procedures for Flat Packages:Drop Procedures for Elongated Packages:COMPRESSION TESTPerformed on a dynamic compression tester equipped with computerized control system.Testing procedure:1.Calculate the compression load using the formula above:0.007= Average density of freight in pounds percubic inch (12 lbs. per cubic foot)108 = Maximum height (inches) of package stackin transitH = Height of shipping unit (inches)L =Length of shipping unit (inches)W = Width of shipping unit (inches)F = A factor to account for humidity, time andstacking patternThe F-Factor is normally set to Assurance Level III2.Set up the compression tester.3.Center the packaged-product on the lower platen of the compression tester.4.Bring platens together at 0.5 inches per minute until target compression load is met or the test package fails.57DROP 1.DROP 2.Shortest edge radiating from drop corner.DROP 3.Medium edge radiating from drop corner.DROP 4.Longest edge radiating from drop corner.DROP 5.Smallest flat face.DROP 6.Opposite smallest flat face.DROP 7.Medium flat face.DROP 8.Opposite mediumflat face.DROP 9.Largest flat face.DROP 10.Opposite largest flat face.FREE-FALL DROP TEST PACKAGE ORIENTATION******NOTE:Irregular-shaped items are subject to consideration for Special Drop Orientation. Contact the FedEx Packaging Design and Development department at 1.800.633.7019 on how to determine the orientation of any other package types for testing.Truck and Air Random Vibration ProfilesOverpack Instructions for Submitting TestSamples to the FedEx Packaging Design and Development DepartmentO V E R P A C K F O R S H I P P I N G O N L Y D O N O T ES TPlace original packaging with product inside an outer box that allows approximately 2 to 4 inches of space. Fill void areas with polystyrene peanuts or comparable dunnage.NOTE: Do not send actual hazardous materials.Send sample package components withcontainers filled with nonhazardous substitute (e.g. water, sand, etc.). Weight of test package must equal weight of original package.Please write on the overbox and test samples:“NONHAZARDOUS CONTENT.”Please note that hazardous materials testing is performed for FedEx Ground ®shipments only. When shipping hazardous materials, all Department of Transportation (DOT) and all other applicable regulations and requirements must be met. Refer to the current FedEx Ground Shipping Hazardous Materials Guide for details.Take completed Packaging Services Application(s)(original(s) and copies), fold in half, place in pouches and attach to the outer surface of their respective 2 to 4 inches fill space (all sides)30114FC。
摔箱测试标准
Page 1 of 4Subject : Free-Fall Drop Test for Master Cartons1.0PURPOSEThis test procedure is used by the ATICO QC to determine if representative samples of a shipping carton box comply with the drop test requirements defined.2.0 SCOPE2.1General Merchandises (i.e. shipping carton without fragile marking)2.2Fragile items (including but not limited to the items made of ceramic,pottery, poly-resin, candle, glass and light bulb)3.0 TEST SAMPLES3.1Sample size – Refer to the table belowNumber of Packaged Cartons Cartons to Test1-1503151-2803281-5003501-120031201-3200 and up34.0 PROCEDURES 4.1 Before Drop Test4.1.1 Inspect the product prior to performing the drop test to ensure that there is no pre-existing damage.4.1.2 Package the product exactly as it is to be shipped.4.1.3Weigh the package (with the product inside) to determine the appropriate drop height:Package Weight Drop HeightPage 2 of 4Subject : Free-Fall Drop Test for Master Cartons4.2Determine Appropriate Test PlanTo ensure the drop test standard is in line with our customer ’s expectations and meeting with the specific inherent product natures, QC inspector is required to follow the instruction defined below to determining the most appropriate test plan to proceed thedrop test,4.2.1NON-Fragile ItemsDrop 6 faces according to the weight and height specified on section 4.1.3.Unless the drop test requirement is defined by customer(s), then follows the requirement specified by the customer(s).4.2.2Fragile items (including but not limited to the items made of ceramic, pottery, poly-resin, glass and light bulb) with FRAGILE MARKINGDrop 1 face of each carton and each carton chooses 1different face. Note: unless the drop test requirement is defined by customer(s) then follows the requirement specified by the customer(s).4.2.3 Order with Customer RequirementFollows the specific requirement defined by the customer(s)Note: For Mailbox Customer,Mail Box Should Drop 10 times besides Master CartonDrop 10 times4.2.4 Special Items Requirement:(Γ.Furniture for FCL or with glass (with “FRAGILE MARKING ) Drop Test 1 face(Γ. Electrical Fan :1) .FCL Drop Test 1 face 2). LCL Drop Test 6 face(Γ.Candle:Carton boxPerform the drop test as the following :ΛΓΘΈΈΈΈΈΈΈΈΈΈΈΈ():30 inches ---- (2 - 20.99lbs)24 inches ---- (21- 40.99lbs)18 inches ---- (41- 50lbs)12 inches ---- (50 -70lbs)2).With “Fragile label ”and “Arrow symbol ”:Drop 1 bottom face of each carton. (.)Page 3 of 4Subject :Free-Fall Drop Test for Master Cartons3).Without “Fragile label ”and “Arrow symbol ”:Drop 3 face for each different carton. (.)(Γ Food:1).Not required for candy canes (with FRAGILE MARKING )without other containerssuch as mug..2). No drop test is required for cookies in container such as tin, box and polybag. However,drop test is required for cookies if it is a gift set product., (,) , .(ΓΘΈΈίrop 1 face of each carton and each carton chooses 1 different face.4.2.5 Example in Performing 10 times Drop TestThe procedure provided below only serves an example for teaching the QC inspector on how to perform a 10 times Drop Test.Drop the package ten (10) times from the appropriate height on a bare, hard (concrete)floor, in the following order:Page 4 of 4Subject :Free-Fall Drop Test for Master Cartons4.3 After Drop TestAfter performing drops un-package the product and inspect it for any physical damage. Check to ensure that the merchandise is completely functional. lf the product is completely acceptable, it is packaged sufficiently to survive transit. If the product is found to be damaged in any way or does not function properly, the packaging must be improved and re-tested. (Note that damage to the outer packaging is acceptable, so long as the product itself survives the drop test, and so long as the packaging is not a selling feature.5PASS / FAIL CRITERIA5.2It is acceptable if only minor physical warped found on the enclosure of carton box, butwithout damage to aesthetic and/or required performance of the test sample inside.5.3It is not accept to have carton box enclosure with experiencing serious breakage or warpand causes in exposing of the merchandise(s) packed inside.5.4No significant damage shall be incurred by any sample tested that would affect the intrinsicsafety or required performance of the test sample.Drafted By / Date Reviewed By / Date Approved By / Date。
Sybase+ASE存储过程大全
9.显示一个表的结构
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