油气储运专业英语
油气储运专业英语reading部分翻译
Petroleum and Its Modern Uses[1] Petroleum, coal, and natural gas are the most widely used sources of energy in the m odern world. They are of primary importance in the industrialized countries, where vast am ounts of energy are consumed to operate the different kinds of machines used today. The se three energy sources are collectively referred to as fossil fuels.石油、煤炭和天然气是现代世界最广泛使用的能源。
它们在工业化国家中最为重要，在这些国家，人们消耗大量的能源来操作今天使用的各种机器。
这三种能源统称为化石燃料。
[2] At various depths beneath land and sea, there are accumulations of hydrocarbons form ed millions and even hundreds of millions of years ago by decomposition of animal and v egetable remains. They were covered by sand or mud, which in time was itself covered by the water of the seas. Hydrocarbons are compounds of hydrogen and carbon which, at n ormal temperatures and pressures, may be gaseous, liquid or solid according to their mole cular complexity. The natural deposits are correspondingly gaseous, liquid or solid, dependi ng on the relative proportion of the various hydrocarbons present in mixture. Petroleum is composed largely of the remains of these tiny marine animals and plants that lived so lo ng ago.在陆地和海洋的不同深处，有数百万年甚至数亿年前由于动物和植物残骸的分解而形成的碳氢化合物的积聚。
（完整版）油气储运专业英语（英汉互译）
（完整版）油气储运专业英语（英汉互译）Chapter 1 Oil and Gas Fields第1章油气田1.1 An Introduction to Oil and Gas Production1.1石油和天然气生产的介绍The complex nature of wellstreams is responsible for the complex processing of the produced fluids (gas, oil，water, and solids). The hydrocarbon portion must be separated into products that can be stored and/or transported. The nonhydrocarbon contaminants must be removed as much as feasible to meet storage, transport, reinjection, and disposal specifications. Ultimate disposal of the various waste streams depends on factors such as the location of the field and the applicable environmental regulations. The overriding criterion for product selection, construction, and operation decisions is economics.油气井井流的复杂性质，决定了所产流体(气、油、水和固体)的加工十分复杂。
必须分出井流中的烃类，使之成为能储存和/或能输送的各种产品;必须尽可能地脱除井流中的非烃杂质，以满足储存、输送、回注和排放的规范。
【论文】油气储运工程论文油气储运工程论文
【关键字】论文油气储运工程论文油气储运工程论文油气储运工程专业课程模块化设置研究摘要:针对油气储运工程专业旧有的专业课程设置及教学内容存在的问题,提出了该专业课程模块化设置的构想,根据油气储运工程专业特点将专业课程划分为油品输送和储存技术、天然气输送和储存技术和专业通用技术三大模块,以此为根底构成完整的课程体系框架。
本文内容是对油气储运工程专业课程设置改革的一点探讨,起到抛砖引玉的作用。
关键词:油气储运工程课程体系模块化一、油气储运工程专业概况及专业特点油气储运工程专业的培养目标是培养具备工程流体力学、物理化学、油气储运工程等方面知识,能在国家与省、市的发展计划部门、交通运输规划与设计部门、油气储运与销售管理部门等从事油气储运工程的规划、勘查设计、施工项目管理和研究、开发等工作,适应社会主义现代化建设需要,全面掌握油气储运工程领域各方面知识,具有开拓、创新精神、较强的动手能力和协调能力的高级工程技术人才。
油气储运顾名思义就是油和气的储存与运输,从油气储运工程的主要任务可以归纳得出:油气储运工程专业方向可以划分为两大方向,即油品(包括原油和成品油)输送和储存技术、天然气输送和储存技术。
由于石油产品和天然气其物性参数有其共性又有其各自的特性,因此造成油气储运工程两大专业方向有共通处,又有其各个方向的独立性,两者即独立又有机的结合,这就是油气储运工程专业其独有的专业特色。
二、国内油气储运工程专业课程设置调研我国的油气储运工程学科是从20世纪四、五十年代起借鉴前苏联的办学经验而建立起来的[1]。
近二十年来,随着我国油气储运业的兴旺发展,对从事油气储运工作的专业技术人才的需求也不断增大,我国开办油气储运专业的大学已从原来的两所增加到20多所。
其中具有代表性的大学除了江苏工业学院外,主要还有:石油大学、西南石油大学、辽宁石油化工大学和后勤工程学院。
笔者调研了这几所高校的油气储运工程专业课程的设置情况,有如下认识:总体上各高校的油气储运工程专业课程设置架构大体相同,都兼顾了油和气两个方向,开设的专业课程主要有:油气集输工程、油库设计与管理、专业英语、储运防腐技术、泵与压缩机、油料学、储运仪表自动化、城市配气、管罐强度设计、油气管道输送、储运焊接和施工等。
0专业代码
专业代码、名称及研究方向人数考试科目备注001 地球科学学院070704 海洋地质01海洋沉积学02大陆边缘构造03海洋油气地质3①101政治②201英语一或202俄语③302数学二④801地质学综合或802石油地质学综合同等学力加试科目：造岩矿物学、岩浆岩与变质岩石学。
070900 地质学（包括070901 矿物学、岩石学、矿床学；070902 地球化学；070903 古生物学与地层学；070904 构造地质学）01应用矿物岩石学及测试技术02沉积（岩石）学及储层地质学03层序地层学及测井地质学04油气成因机理与分布预测05有机地球化学06环境地球化学07区域构造与盆地演化08油区构造解析09构造变形过程与动力学机理10应用古生物学及现代地层学70101政治②201英语一或202俄语③302数学二或807构造地质学或808沉积岩石学或809有机地球化学④801地质学综合同等学力加试科目从造岩矿物学、岩浆岩与变质岩石学、古生物学与地史学中任选2门。
077501 环境科学01城市大气环境02环境地质与环境地球化学03能源与环境04环境分析技术与评价10①101政治②201英语一③302数学二④803环境学概论(含环境化学)或831分析化学I．同等学力加试科目：环境化学，有机化学。
II．按理学招生。
081801 矿产普查与勘探01油气藏形成与分布02含油气盆地分析03油气资源评价04油气田勘探工程与地理70①101政治②201英语一或202俄语③302数学二④802石油地质学综合同等学力加试科目：油气田勘探、石油地质学。
数信息系统081803 地质工程01油气田开发地质02油气藏地质评价03资源地质工程及信息化35①101政治②201英语一或202俄语③302数学二④805油气田开发地质综合（01、02方向）或806水文地质与工程地质（03方向）同等学力加试科目：油气田勘探、石油地质学。
002 石油工程学院080103 流体力学01计算流体力学02多相流体力学03实验流体力学04渗流力学10①101政治②201英语一或202俄语③301数学一④820 流体力学或821渗流力学欢迎流体力学、工程热物理、水利工程、石油工程、储运工程、化工机械等专业的本科生报考。
油气储运工程专业英语-复习资料
中国石油大学（北京）远程教育学院期末考试卷油气储运工程英语》复习资料答案一、填空1、 ___ are solid compounds that form as crystals and resemble snow in appearance考生答案： Hydrates2、 Natural gas with H2S or other sulfur ___ present is called “ _____考生答案： compounds3、 Most oil and gas pipelines fall into one of three groups: ___ , ______ , or _____ .考生答案： gathering trunk/transmission/distribution4、 All ____ t anks have a cover that floats on the surface of the liquid考生答案： floating-roof5、 Natural gas ____ is highly dependent on weather.考生答案： demand6、 Energy is supplied to the liquid through the pump by the pump ' sd river -anor an electric _____ .考生答案： engine/urbine/motor7、 To form a stable emulsion of crude oil and _____________ ,an emulsifying _______ must考生答案： water/agent8、 Most pipelines are coated on the exterior to prevent ____ .考生答案： corrosion9、 Natural gas with only CO2 is called “ ________ g as ”.考生答案： sweet10、 The hydrocarbons contain only ___ and _____ .考生答案： carbon / hydrogen11、 Centrifugal pump consists of an ___ and a ____ .考生答案： impeller/ casing12、 The distance between compressors varies, depending on the _____________ of gas,and other factors.考生答案： volume/ size课程编号：gas a _____ be present. the line ______13、In designing a pipeline system, the ____________ of pump stations must be determined as wellas ____ of individual pumps within each station.考生答案：location/size14、The type of information gathered by smart pigs includes the pipeline _________________ , curvature, bends, temperature and _____ , as well as ____ or metal loss.考生答案：diameter pressure/corrosion15、____ is short for American Petroleum Institute.考生答案：API16、The two categories of floating-roof tanks are _______________ floating roof and ____________ f loating roof.考生答案：external/internal17、Gas is moved through a gas pipeline by ___ .考生答案：compressors18、____ i s always necessary for hydrate formation.考生答案：Water19、The pressure in the pipeline decreases due to ___ and ______ losses.考生答案：friction /elevation20、Most pipelines are tested with water ( ____________ testing) either in sections or over theentire _____ .考生答案：hydrostati/length21、The position of ____ and the extent of mixing can be monitored at points along theline by measuring the ____ of the fluid in the line.考生答案：batch /density22、All pipelines are tested for ____________ following ____ before the line is put into service.考生答案：leaks/ construction23、Well fluids are often a complex mixture of ___ ,gas,and some ______ ．考生答案：liquid hydrocarbons <mpuritie24、The individual phases (gas, ________ , ______ , and solids) should be separated from each other as early as practical.考生答案：liquid hydrocarbon /liquid water25、Launcher (at the end of a station to launch _______________ t o downstream station) is requiredat the _____ of the section.考生答案：pig/ upstream26、An emulsion is a combination of __________ ,or liquids that do not mix together under normal conditions ．27、Products pipeline often must operate at ______________ pressure than crude pipelines becausethe material being transported is _____ than crude.考生答案：higher lighter28、Shipping emulsified oil wastes costly ___ occupied by valueless water.考生答案：transportation capacities29、When no physical barrier is used between different products in products pipeline,the _____ of the two materials maintains the separation.考生答案：difference in density30、Reciprocating compressor unit includes ____ and _____ .考生答案：compressor driver compressor31、Two general types of line pipe are manufactured: ____ and _____ .考生答案：seamless welded32、In pumping any liquid, the goal is to add energy to the liquid to cause it to movethrough a pipeline by overcoming the _____ and changes in _____ .考生答案：friction elevation33、The ____ of the substance stored determines the shape and type of tank.考生答案：vapor pressure34、Standing storage losses result from evaporative losses through ___________________ ,______ , and/or deck seam.考生答案：rim seals deck fitting35、There is 8~12in gap between the __________ and _______ , so the floating roof does not bindas it moves up and down with the liquid level.36、Many crude storage tanks are equipped with ____ that capture light hydrocarbonsthat evaporate from the crude and would otherwise be lost to the atmosphere.考生答案：vapor recovery systems37、Many different corrosion ___ and ______ of corrosion can be at work on the sametank at the same time.考生答案：mechanisms38、Mass-flow meters directly measure the mass of the fluid passing through the meter,no intermediate temperature or pressure ______________ are required and __________ is about the same as PD or turbine meters.考生答案：measurements39、Most pipelines are constructed by ___ short lengths or _____ of pipe together考生答案：welding joints40、NGL is short for ___ .考生答案：atural Liquids41、ESD is short for ___ .考生答案：emergency shutdown42、LNG is short for ___ .考生答案：Liquefied atural43、EFR is short for ___ .考生答案： E xternal F loating R Roof44、LACT unit is short for ___ .考生答案：ease automatic custody transfer unit45、IFR is short for ____ .考生答案：I nternal F loating Roof46、PD meters are short for ____ .考生答案：positive-displacement meters47、PV Valves is short for ___ .考生答案：pressure vacuum vent valves翻译题48、Oil-in-water emulsion考生答案：水包油乳状液49、Emulsion考生答案：乳状液50、Well fluids are often a complex mixture of liquid hydrocarbons,gas,and some impurities ．考生答案：井流通常是液态烃、气体和某些杂质的复杂混合物。
2022年中国石油大学(北京)油气储运工程专业考研必看成功上岸前辈复习经验分享
2022年中国石油大学（北京）油气储运工程专业考研备考成功经验必看分享一、考研下定决心在我进入研究生阶段以来，我感觉考研升学是我大学毕业之后，做的最正确的一件事之一。
在研一阶段，各种的课程紧紧包围着我，但是，虽然很忙碌，导师依然会让你去实验室帮着师兄师姐做实验，有人可能觉得这是压榨，但我却不这么认为，这只能说明老师很负责，而且，老师每个月还会多给你几百块钱。
既能学知识又有钱话，何乐而不为呢，如果你的导师或者师兄师姐要发什么有水平的文章，或许还会加上你的名字奥。
总之，一句话，研究生生涯，选对老师是不会荒废的，欢迎看到此篇文章的小伙伴报考中国石油大学（北京）。
二、关于中国石油大学（北京）油气储运工程专业中国石油大学（北京）位于北京市昌平区，与中国政法大学距离不到五百米，是双一流建设高校、211工程大学以及985优势创新平台。
中国石油大学（北京）与中国石油大学（华东）是同根同源的学校，虽然现在是两地办学，两所知名高校。
但是可想而知，一所211工程大学既然能够重组成两所双一流建设高校，足可以看出学校的实力不俗。
中国石油大学(北京）由油气储运工程专业是国家级一流本科专业，随着现在人工智能的兴起，油气储运专业也迈向了新工科的定位。
向网络化、智能化、国际化、安全可靠性方向发展。
而且学校是以石油为特色的学校，所以当你选择中石大油气储运工程专业时，可想而知以后的方向是多么可期的。
三、关于初试复习中国石油大学（北京）的油气储运工程专业考查的科目是英语一、数学二、思想政治理论和专业课油气储运工程综合。
英语一就是要难一些，不过这个也是没有办法选择的，因为，都是跟专业捆绑在一起的，除非你去考专硕，考英语二，听说英语二要简单一些。
英语一的真题要多刷几遍，尤其是里面的长难句更是重点，在阅读里会出现一些合成词，这个就需要你掌握一些词根词缀的方法，再接合阅读文章的意思，这样就能做的很顺手。
坚持每天50个单词，从六月份开始，坚持到考前一天。
油气储运专业英语
油气储运专业英语The oil and gas industry is a cornerstone of modern energy infrastructure, requiring a specialized understanding of the processes involved in the transportation and storage of hydrocarbons.From the extraction site to the refinery, the journey of oil and gas is complex, involving pipelines, tankers, and storage facilities. Each stage demands precision and adherence to safety protocols to prevent leaks and environmental damage.The language of oil and gas storage and transportation is technical and specific, with terms like "pipeline integrity" and "tank farm management" becoming second nature to those in the field. Communication in this industry is crucial for ensuring operations run smoothly and efficiently.In the classroom, students of oil and gas storage and transportation learn the fundamentals of fluid dynamics, material science, and engineering principles that underpin the industry. They also become familiar with the regulatory frameworks that govern these operations.As technology advances, so too does the language of the industry. Terms like "digital twins" and "smart pipelines" are now part of the lexicon, reflecting the integration of digital technology into traditional oil and gas operations.The global nature of the oil and gas industry means that professionals must be fluent in English, the lingua franca of international business. This proficiency enablescollaboration across borders and the sharing of best practices worldwide.Continuing education is essential for those in the field, as new methods and technologies are constantly emerging. This includes staying abreast of the latest in English-language literature on topics like offshore drilling and LNG shipping.In summary, mastering the English language in the context of oil and gas storage and transportation is not just about understanding technical jargon; it's about being able to communicate effectively in an ever-evolving global industry.。
毕业设计(论文)英文扉页参考模板
Southwest Petroleum UniversityGraduation ThesisSynthesis and Evaluation of a Highly Absorbent CompositeGrade: 2008Name:Speciality: Petroleum EngineeringInstructor:School of Petroleum Engineering2007-6附：我校设置的专业中英文对照（摘自《普通高等学校本科专业目录和专业介绍》）1、石油工程学院080102石油工程Petroleum Engineering081203油气储运工程Oil/ Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering2、资源与环境学院080105资源勘查工程Natural Resources Prospecting Engineering080104勘查技术与工程Prospecting Techniques and Engineering070702资源环境与城乡规划管理Urban and Rural Planning & Resource Management070703地理信息系统Geographical Information System3、机电工程学院080305Y机械工程及自动化Mechanical Engineering and Automation080304过程装备与控制工程Process Equipment and Control080303工业设计Industrial Design4、化学化工学院081101化学工程与工艺Chemical Engineering and Technology070302应用化学Applied Chemistry081001环境工程Environmental Engineering081801生物工程Bioengineering070301化学Chemistry5、材料科学与工程学院080204高分子材料与工程Macromolecular Materials and Engineering080205Y材料科学与工程Material Science and Engineering6、计算机科学学院080605计算机科学与技术Computer science and Technology080611W软件工程Software Engineering080613W网络工程Network Engineering7、电信工程学院080401测控技术与仪器Measuring & Control Technology and Instrumentations 080602自动化Automation080603电子信息工程Electronic and Information Engineering080601电气工程及其自动化Electrical Engineering and Automation080604通信工程Telecommunications Engineering8、建筑工程学院080703土木工程Civil Engineering080704建筑环境与设备工程Building Environment and Equipment Engineering 080901测绘工程Surveying & Mapping Engineering110104工程管理Project Management9、理学院070102信息与计算科学Information and Computing Science070101数学与应用数学Mathematics and Applied Mathematics071201电子信息科学与技术Electronic and Information Science and Technology 070202应用物理学Applied Physics10、经济管理学院110201工商管理Business Administration110202市场营销Marketing110102信息管理与信息系统Information Management & Information System 020101经济学Economics110209W电子商务Electronic Business020102国际经济与贸易International Economics & Trade11、人文社会科学学院030302社会工作Social Work110309W公共管理Public Administration12、法学院030101法学Law13、外语系050201英语English14、体育系。
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储运专业英语一、英译汉单词翻译CH1.Oil and Gas Fields 油气田1.1An Inroduction to oil and gas productiong油气生产介绍1.1.1gas processging气体加工1.1.2oil processing原油加工1.1.3water processing水处理1.1.4sand treatment砂处理1.1.5auxiliary equipment辅助设备1.2Brief description of crude oil surface treatment原油地面处理简介1.2.1 separators分离器1.2.2 oil treating原油处理1.2.3 heater-treaters加热处理器1.2.4 free water knockouts(FWKOs)游离水脱除器1.2.5vertical treaters立式处理器1.2.6 stabilization and sweetening of crude oil原油的稳定和脱酸1.2.7 storage tanks储罐1.3Treating oil field emulsions油田乳状液的处理1.3.1 theory of emulsions乳状液理论1.3.2 the major reasons for dehydrating crude oil原油脱水的主要原因1.3.3 treating methods处理方法1.3.4 some common terms一些常用术语1.4Overview of gas-handling facilities气体处理设备概论1.5Trays and packing塔板和填料1.5.1trays塔板1.5.1.1 sieve trays筛板1.5.1.2 valve trays 阀板1.5.1.3 bubble cap trays泡罩塔板1.5.1.4 high capacity/high efficiency trays高处理量/高效塔板1.5.1.5 bubble cap trays vs. valve trays泡罩塔板与阀板的比较1.5.1.6 tray efficiency and tower height塔板效率和塔高1.5.2 packing填料1.5.2.1 random packing随机填料1.5.2.2 stripping service规整填料1.6Gas sweetening气体脱酸1.6.1 gas sweetening processes气体脱硫工艺1.6.2amine processes胺工艺1.6.3 physical solvent processes物理溶剂工艺1.6.4direct conversion of H2S to sulfur H2S直接转换为硫磺1.6.5 gas permeation气体渗透1.7Dehydration of natural gas天然气脱水1.7.1 hydrates水合物1.7.2 dehydratoin of natural gas天然气脱水1.7.2.1 dew-point depression露点降1.7.2.2 liquid-desiccant dehydrators液体干燥剂脱水器1.8Hydrocarbon recovery and condensate stabilization烃回收和凝液稳定1.8.1hydrocarbon recovery processes烃回收工艺1.8.2absorber and stripper units吸收塔和气提装置1.8.3 condensate stabilization凝液稳定CH2 Pipelines管道2.1 types of pipelines管道类型2.1.1 oil pipelines输油管道2.1.1.1 flowlines出油管2.1.1.2 gathering lines集油管道2.1.1.3crude trunk lines原油干线管道2.1.2 gas pipelines输气管道2.1.2.1gas gathering集气管道2.1.2.2gas transmission输气干线2.1.3 products pipelines成品油管道2.2 other pipelines其他管道2.2.1two-phase pipelines两相流管道2.2.2LNG pipelines液化天然气管道2.2.3 CO2 pipelines CO2管道2.2.4 coal slurry pipelines煤浆管道2.3 rheology流变学2.3.1 what is rheology? 什么是流变学？2.3.2 viscosity黏度2.3.3 non-newtonian liquids非牛顿流体2.3.4 high pour and high viscosity高倾点和高粘度2.4 line pipes管道用管2.4.1 specifications规范2.4.2 steel pipe钢管2.4.3 other types of pipe其他类型的管子2.5 pumps and pump stations泵和泵站2.5.1 investment distributions投资分配2.5.2 pump stations泵站2.5.2.1 the number of pump stations泵站数2.5.2.2 station equipment泵站设备2.5.3 pumps泵2.5.3.1 centrifugal pumps容积泵2.5.4 types of station operation泵站操作类型2.5.4.1 put and take operation罐到罐操作2.5.4.2 float tank operation旁接罐操作2.5.4.3 tight line operation密闭操作2.6 compressors压缩机2.6.1 reciprocating compressors往复式压缩机2.6.2 centrifugal compressors离心压缩机2.6.3 compression ratio压缩比2.6.4 capacity and horsepower流量和功率2.6.5 other considerations其他考虑因素2.7 gas turbines燃气透平2.7.1 types of gas turbines燃气透平类型2.7.2 operation操作2.8 pipeline pigging管道清管2.8.1 pigging 清管2.8.2 example of pigging operatings清管操作的例子2.8.3 launching and receiving发送和接收2.9 pipe coating管子覆盖层2.9.1 exterior corrosion coating外防腐覆盖层2.9.2 concrete coating混凝土加重层2.10 inspection and rehabilitation检查和修复2.10.1 inspecion检查2.10.2 in-line tools管内检查器2.10.3 rehabilitation修复2.10.3.1 external corrosion外腐蚀2.10.3.2 trans alaska pipeline repair横贯阿拉斯加管道的修理CH3 storage facilities储存设施3.1 storage储存3.1.1 crude storage原油储存3.1.2 natural gas liquids天然气凝析油3.1.3 natural gas天然气储存3.1.4LNG 液化天然气3.2 tand classification罐的分类3.2.1 tank classification储罐分类3.2.1.1 atmospheric tanks常压罐3.2.1.2 low-pressure tanks低压罐3.2.1.3 pressure vessels (high-pressure tanks)压力容器（高压罐）3.2.2 major tank components储罐主要部件3.2.2.1 fixed-foof tanks固定顶储罐3.2.2.2 floating-roof tanks浮顶罐3.2.2.3 tank bottoms罐底3.3 floating roofs浮顶3.3.1 external floating roofs外浮顶3.3.1.1 roof types顶的类型3.3.1.2 support legs支柱3.3.1.3 vents通风3.3.1.4 drainage排水3.3.1.5 wind girders抗风圈3.3.2 internal floating roofs内浮顶3.3.2.1 steel roofs钢顶3.3.2.2 aluminum roofs铝顶3.4 rim seals边缘密封3.4.1 external floating-roof seals外浮顶密封3.4.1.1 mechanical shoe seals机械滑板密封3.4.1.2 resilint toroid seals弹性环密封3.4.1.3 flexible wiper seals柔性刷密封3.4.1.4 weather shield风雨罩3.4.2 internal floating-roof seals内浮顶密封3.5 tank emissions and venting储罐发散物和通风3.5.1 mechanisms of evaporation losses蒸发损耗机理3.5.1.1 fixed-roof tanks固定顶储罐3.5.2 tank type and emissions储罐类型和发散3.5.2.1 fixed-roof tanks固定顶罐3.5.2.2 external floating-roof tanks外浮顶罐3.5.2.3 internal floating-roof tanks内浮顶罐3.5.3PV valves压力真空阀3.5.3.1 general概要3.5.3.2 how the PV valve works PV阀的工作3.5.4 emergency venting 应急泄压3.6 tank foundations储罐基础3.6.1 introduction to tank foundations储罐基础介绍3.6.1.1 preliminary studies初步研究3.6.1.2 soil investigations土壤研究3.6.2 imprtant elements to consider in foundation design基础设计中考虑的重要因素3.6.2.1 foundation elevation基础标高3.6.2.2 drainage排水3.6.2.3 oil sand under tank bottom罐底下的油砂3.6.3 tank foundation types储罐基础类型3.6.3.1 concrete ringwall foundations混凝土圈座基础3.6.3.2 crushed-srone ringwall foundations碎石圈座基础3.6.3.3compacted soil foundations夯土基础3.6.3.4 slab foundations平板基础3.6.3.5 pile-supported foundations桩柱支撑基础3.7 fire prevention and foam system防火和泡沫系统3.7.1 foam fire fighting systems泡沫灭火系统3.7.1.1 fluidity流动性3.7.1.2 expansion膨胀性3.7.1.3drainage rate吸水率3.7.2 foam making devices泡沫发生装置3.8 oil storage in rock caverns在岩洞内储存石油3.8.1 storage at 1 atmosphere在大气压下储存3.8.2 cavern design and constrution岩洞设计及建造3.8.3 general operation and maintenance操作和维护3.8.3.1 pumps泵3.8.3.2 heating加热3.8.3.3 sludge 沉积物3.8.3.4 level control and volume measurement液位控制和体积测量3.8.4 advantages of rock cavern storage岩洞储存的优点CH4 construcion建设4.1 land pipeline construction陆上管道建设4.1.1 construction classification建设分类4.1.2 land pipeline construction陆上管道建设4.2 pipeline installation and road/river crossing管道安装和管道/河流穿越4.2.1 installaton安装4.2.2 road/river crossings道路/河流的穿越4.2.3 testing试压4.2.4 drying and cleaning干燥和清管4.2.5 station construction站的建设4.3 offshore pipeline construction海洋管道建设4.3.1 conventional lay barge常规铺管船4.3.2 reel barge卷筒船4.3.3 vertical pipelaying垂直铺管4.4 pull methods and tie-in牵引法和碰固定口连接4.4.1 pull methods牵引法4.4.2 tie-in碰固定口连接4.5 welding techniques and equipment焊接技术和设备4.5.1 welding processes焊接工艺4.5.2 welding procedures and equipment焊接程序及设备4.5.2.1 weld passes焊道4.5.2.2 manual welding手工焊接4.5.2.3 automatic welding自动焊4.5.2.4 preparation for welding焊接准备4.5.2.5 inspection and testing检查与试验4.5.2.6 weld defects焊接缺陷4.5.3 other joining methods其他连接方法CH5 corrosion腐蚀5.1 cause of underground corrosion地下腐蚀的原因5.1.1 electrolytic corrosion电解腐蚀5.1.2 galvanic corrosion电池腐蚀5.1.2.1 dissimilar metals不同金属5.1.2.2 dissimilar environments不同环境5.2 cathodic protection fundamentals阴极保护的基本原理5.2.1 corrosion and corrosion control腐蚀和服饰控制5.2.1.1 electrically insulating anode area from cathodic area阳极区和阴极区的电绝缘5.2.1.2 electrically insulating anode or cathode from the elecrolyte阳极或阴极与电解质的电绝缘5.2.1.3 treatment of electrolyte电解质处理5.2.1.4 use of nonmetallic materials非金属材料的应用5.2.2 cathodic protection阴极保护5.2.2.1 galvanic cathodic protection systems原电池阴极保护系统5.2.2.2 impressed current systems外加电流系统5.2.3 design and criteria for cathodic protection阴极保护的设计和准则5.3 pipeline corrosion管道腐蚀5.3.1 estimating the corrosion risk腐蚀风险评估5.3.1.1 intrinsic corrosiveness of the soil土壤固有的腐蚀性5.3.1.2 electrolytic effects电解作用5.3.2 corrosion protection腐蚀防护5.3.2.1 insulating coatings绝缘涂层5.3.2.2 cathodic protection阴极保护5.3.2.3 protection against electrolysis电解的保护5.4 tank corrosion储罐腐蚀5.4.1 descriptive nature of tank corrosion储罐腐蚀性质描述5.4.1.1 atmospheric corrosion大气腐蚀5.4.1.2 product side corrosion油品接触面腐蚀5.4.1.3 bottom corrosion罐底腐蚀5.4.1.4 vapor space corrosion蒸气空间腐蚀5.4.1.5 interface corrosion界面腐蚀5.4.1.6 bottom underside corrosion罐底下侧腐蚀5.4.2 corrosion control and prevention腐蚀控制及防护5.4.3 specific storage tank corrosion service problems专用储罐的腐蚀问题（石油产品）5.4.3.1 crude oil tanks原油储罐5.4.3.2 refined hydrocarbon storage tanks成品油储罐5.4.4 corrosion prevention with linings用涂层防腐5.4.4.1 basic types of lining涂层的基本类型5.4.4.2 surface preparation表面预处理5.4.4.3 precleaning预清洗5.4.4.4 abrasive blasting喷磨处理5.4.4.5 other surface preparation methods其他表面预处理方法5.4.5 corrosion prevention with cathodic protection用阴极保护防止腐蚀5.4.5.1 cathodic protection阴极保护5.4.5.2 polarization极化5.4.5.3 electrical potential measurement电位测量5.4.5.4 current requirements电流需求5.4.5.5 internal versus external cathodic protection内部与外部阴极保护CH6 metering installations计量装置6.1 metering gases气体计量6.1.1differential pressure meters差压流量计6.1.2 positive-displacement meters(PD)容积式流量计（PD）6.1.3 turbine-type meters涡轮流量计6.1.4 mass-flow meters质量流量计6.2metering of liquids液体计量6.2.1 types of meters in use在用流量计类型6.2.2 positive-displacement meters容积式流量计6.2.3 turbine meters涡轮流量计6.2.4 meter calibration流量计标定6.3 BTU measurement热值测量。